159 lines
19 KiB
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159 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="ABD4961D928190946688507EFA8511BE" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3676593" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f86beed9-5cc5-40cc-96c7-df36295b3e13" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3676593" ID-ZooBank="68DF38B0-C69E-4394-8992-CD74633ECADA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1582199590555" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Brown, John W." docDate="2019" docId="EB0C87B8FF8F4017A8BCB408FBDAFB95" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0738.1-8.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 738 (738)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Saphenista Walsingham 1914" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="2" masterDocId="1735FFC0FF8C4014A87CB525FF96FFC2" masterDocTitle="Two new species and two new combinations in Saphenista Walsingham, 1914 from western North America (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)" masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698720256776" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:title id="D4523FC6EFE52D8AA497B7345B811051">Two new species and two new combinations in Saphenista Walsingham, 1914 from western North America (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AF4E068251F77284FA243A5C868F433A">Brown, John W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F219648FFAA295AA19201569D18F7544">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="DF41EC9085DB793D9C37F5892B9D1C3D">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="53B29870F1A4673D932329EA5BBDD447">738</mods:number>
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<treatment id="EB0C87B8FF8F4017A8BCB408FBDAFB95" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3681445" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162233482" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3681445" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB0C87B8FF8F4017A8BCB408FBDAFB95" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EB0C87B8FF8F4017A8BCB408FBDAFB95" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="2BBF6525FF8F4017A8BCB408FDC1FE87" box="[192,599,301,325]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="631A36AEFF8F4017A8BCB408FDC1FE87" blockId="3.[192,599,301,325]" box="[192,599,301,325]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="385281C2FF8F4017A8BCB408FDC1FE87" bold="true" box="[192,599,301,325]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="A4A54D2DFF8F4017A8BCB408FDC1FE87" ID-CoL="92M87" authority="Walsingham, 1914" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1914" box="[192,599,301,325]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Saphenista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="51D1EABCFF8F4017A8BCB408FDC1FE87" bold="true" box="[192,599,301,325]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="51D1EABCFF8F4017A8BCB408FECDFE87" bold="true" box="[192,347,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Saphenista</emphasis>
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Walsingham, 1914
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2BBF6525FF8F4017A8BCB47BFBDAFB95" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="631A36AEFF8F4017A8BCB47BFA0CFEB4" blockId="3.[192,1440,349,1111]" box="[192,1434,349,374]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis id="51D1EABCFF8F4017A8BCB47BFEE1FEB7" bold="true" box="[192,375,349,374]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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<typeStatus id="BC1E880CFF8F4017A8BCB47BFE92FEB4" box="[192,260,350,374]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="A4A54D2DFF8F4017A902B478FCEEFEB4" authority="Walsingham, 1891" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1891" box="[382,888,349,374]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Conchylis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacteipalpis">
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<emphasis id="51D1EABCFF8F4017A902B478FD1FFEB7" box="[382,649,349,373]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Conchylis lacteipalpis</emphasis>
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Walsingham, 1891
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation (Walsingham 1914).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="631A36AEFF8F4017A894B45BFB26FCF5" blockId="3.[192,1440,349,1111]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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The precise circumscription of
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<taxonomicName id="A4A54D2DFF8F4017AA14B458FD67FE57" ID-CoL="92M87" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1914" box="[616,753,381,405]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Saphenista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="51D1EABCFF8F4017AA14B458FD67FE57" box="[616,753,381,405]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Saphenista</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and its putative synonyms (see
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<bibRefCitation id="07344B5FFF8F4017ACF5B45BFAB6FE57" author="Brown, J. W." box="[1161,1312,381,405]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" refId="ref5281" refString="Brown, J. W. 2005. World catalogue of insects. Volume 5: Tortricidae (Lepidoptera). Apollo Books; Stenstrup, Denmark. 741 p." type="book" year="2005">Brown 2005</bibRefCitation>
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) has been somewhat elusive owing to the absence of an abdomen of the
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<typeStatus id="BC1E880CFF8F4017ABCEB4BBFB8CFE74" box="[946,1050,414,438]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of the type species of the genus (i.e.,
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<taxonomicName id="A4A54D2DFF8F4017A886B498FD95FE17" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1891" box="[250,515,445,469]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Conchylis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacteipalpis">
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<emphasis id="51D1EABCFF8F4017A886B498FD95FE17" box="[250,515,445,469]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Conchylis lacteipalpis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). As currently defined, the genus is anchored by species that are superficially similar to its type species and assigned to the genus by Walsingham (1914). The most convincing morphological autapomorphy for
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<taxonomicName id="A4A54D2DFF8F4017A989B4DBFDE8FDD4" ID-CoL="92M87" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1914" box="[501,638,510,534]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Saphenista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="51D1EABCFF8F4017A989B4DBFDE8FDD4" box="[501,638,510,534]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Saphenista</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the conspicuous Y- or T-shaped median process of the transtilla, which easily separates males from those of all other Cochylina. Razowski (1994) identified the following as putative autapomorphies for the genus: a tooth-like process of the vinculum (highly variable and not always present); a sclerotized pocket at the base of the valva (usually present); an expanded apex of the median process of the transtilla (mentioned above, always present); and the presence of a subterminal prominence of the phallus (absent in many species). Also, males of some species of
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<taxonomicName id="A4A54D2DFF8F4017ACAEB7BBFACDFD74" ID-CoL="92M87" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1914" box="[1234,1371,670,694]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Saphenista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="51D1EABCFF8F4017ACAEB7BBFACDFD74" box="[1234,1371,670,694]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Saphenista</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have secondary structures from the venter of the abdomen. For example,
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<taxonomicName id="A4A54D2DFF8F4017AB89B79BFA36FD14" ID-CoL="988VY" authority="Walsingham, 1914" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1914" box="[1013,1440,702,726]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Saphenista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="multistrigata">
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<emphasis id="51D1EABCFF8F4017AB89B79BFB20FD14" box="[1013,1206,702,726]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">S. multistrigata</emphasis>
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Walsingham, 1914
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</taxonomicName>
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has a small bilobed process on abdominal segment 7 from which a pair of laterally directed hairpencils originate. Similar structures are reported and illustrated by
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<bibRefCitation id="07344B5FFF8F4017ABD7B7DBFA94FCD5" author="Razowski, J. & V. O. Becker" box="[939,1282,766,791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="421 - 464" refId="ref5947" refString="Razowski, J., and V. O. Becker. 1983. Brazilian Cochylidii (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 26: 421 - 464." type="journal article" year="1983">Razowski and Becker (1983</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 3, 21) in
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<taxonomicName id="A4A54D2DFF8F4017A8BCB63BFD56FCF5" ID-CoL="79JHT" authority="Razowski and Becker, 1983" authorityName="Razowski and Becker" authorityYear="1983" box="[192,704,798,823]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Saphenista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nauphraga">
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<emphasis id="51D1EABCFF8F4017A8BCB63BFEFEFCF4" box="[192,360,798,822]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">S. nauphraga</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="07344B5FFF8F4017A913B63BFD56FCF5" author="Razowski, J. & V. O. Becker" box="[367,704,798,823]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="421 - 464" refId="ref5947" refString="Razowski, J., and V. O. Becker. 1983. Brazilian Cochylidii (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 26: 421 - 464." type="journal article" year="1983">Razowski and Becker, 1983</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="A4A54D2DFF8F4017AA80B63BFB3BFCF5" ID-CoL="988VQ" authority="Razowski and Becker, 1983" authorityName="Razowski and Becker" authorityYear="1983" box="[764,1197,798,823]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Saphenista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ficta">
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<emphasis id="51D1EABCFF8F4017AA80B63BFCC4FCF4" box="[764,850,798,822]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">S. ficta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="07344B5FFF8F4017AB25B63BFB3BFCF5" author="Razowski, J. & V. O. Becker" box="[857,1197,798,823]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="421 - 464" refId="ref5947" refString="Razowski, J., and V. O. Becker. 1983. Brazilian Cochylidii (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 26: 421 - 464." type="journal article" year="1983">Razowski and Becker, 1983</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="631A36AEFF8F4017A894B61BFA99FC15" blockId="3.[192,1440,349,1111]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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Based on morphological features, primarily the dorso-posteriorly directed socii,
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<bibRefCitation id="07344B5FFF8F4017ACA9B61BFA0DFC94" author="Razowski, J." box="[1237,1435,830,854]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" pagination="55 - 60" refId="ref5840" refString="Razowski, J. 1985. On the generic groups Saphenista and Cochylis (Tortricidae). Nota Lepidopterologica 8 (1): 55 - 60." type="journal article" year="1985">Razowski (1985</bibRefCitation>
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, 1994) concluded that
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<taxonomicName id="A4A54D2DFF8F4017A9BAB67BFDD9FCB4" ID-CoL="92M87" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1914" box="[454,591,862,886]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Saphenista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="51D1EABCFF8F4017A9BAB67BFDD9FCB4" box="[454,591,862,886]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Saphenista</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="A4A54D2DFF8F4017AB3BB67BFC59FCB4" ID-CoL="92JQ2" authorityName="Le Marchand" authorityYear="1933" box="[839,975,862,886]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Phalonidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="51D1EABCFF8F4017AB3BB67BFC59FCB4" box="[839,975,862,886]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Phalonidia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and a recent phylogenetic analysis of the subtribe (
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<bibRefCitation id="07344B5FFF8F4017A91FB65AFDADFC55" author="Brown, J. W. & L. Aarvik & M. Heikkila & R. L. Brown & M. Mutanen" box="[355,571,895,919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" refId="ref5312" refString="Brown, J. W., L. Aarvik, M. Heikkila, R. L. Brown, and M. Mutanen. 2019. Molecular phylogeny of Cochylina, with confirmation of its relationship to Euliina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Systematic Entomology 45: doi: 10.1111 / syen. 12385." type="book" year="2019">Brown et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
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) provides some support for this conclusion, although in the latter study
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<taxonomicName id="A4A54D2DFF8F4017A8BCB6BBFEDFFC74" ID-CoL="92M87" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1914" box="[192,329,926,950]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Saphenista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="51D1EABCFF8F4017A8BCB6BBFEDFFC74" box="[192,329,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Saphenista</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(+
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<taxonomicName id="A4A54D2DFF8F4017A909B6BBFD39FC75" ID-CoL="8ZZJ9" authority="Meyrick, 1917" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1917" box="[373,687,926,951]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Amallectis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="51D1EABCFF8F4017A909B6BBFE60FC74" box="[373,502,926,950]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Amallectis</emphasis>
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Meyrick, 1917
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</taxonomicName>
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) was recognized as one of six major lineages in the subtribe Cochylina, sister to the
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<taxonomicName id="A4A54D2DFF8F4017A99EB69BFDFCFC14" ID-CoL="92JQ2" authorityName="Le Marchand" authorityYear="1933" box="[482,618,958,982]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Phalonidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="51D1EABCFF8F4017A99EB69BFDFCFC14" box="[482,618,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Phalonidia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Group + the
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<taxonomicName id="A4A54D2DFF8F4017AB71B69BFCE2FC14" ID-CoL="925PD" authorityName="Treitschke" authorityYear="1829" box="[781,884,958,982]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cochylis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="51D1EABCFF8F4017AB71B69BFCE2FC14" box="[781,884,958,982]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Cochylis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Group (sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="07344B5FFF8F4017AC5AB69AFA94FC15" author="Brown, J. W. & L. Aarvik & M. Heikkila & R. L. Brown & M. Mutanen" box="[1062,1282,959,983]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" refId="ref5312" refString="Brown, J. W., L. Aarvik, M. Heikkila, R. L. Brown, and M. Mutanen. 2019. Molecular phylogeny of Cochylina, with confirmation of its relationship to Euliina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Systematic Entomology 45: doi: 10.1111 / syen. 12385." type="book" year="2019">Brown et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="631A36AEFF8F4017A894B6FAFBDAFB95" blockId="3.[192,1440,349,1111]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">
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Adults of
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<taxonomicName id="A4A54D2DFF8F4017A921B6FBFE70FC34" ID-CoL="92M87" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1914" box="[349,486,990,1014]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Saphenista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="51D1EABCFF8F4017A921B6FBFE70FC34" box="[349,486,990,1014]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Saphenista</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are highly variable in maculation and size (i.e., forewing length). Males lack a forewing costal fold, and most (but not all) species have a hindwing costal roll (hair pencil), the last feature shared with most “advanced”
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<taxonomicName id="A4A54D2DFF8F4017AA53B13AFC37FBF5" authority="(Brown et al. 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[559,929,1055,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Cochylina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Cochylina (
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<bibRefCitation id="07344B5FFF8F4017AAC6B13AFC0FFBF5" author="Brown, J. W. & L. Aarvik & M. Heikkila & R. L. Brown & M. Mutanen" box="[698,921,1055,1079]" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" refId="ref5312" refString="Brown, J. W., L. Aarvik, M. Heikkila, R. L. Brown, and M. Mutanen. 2019. Molecular phylogeny of Cochylina, with confirmation of its relationship to Euliina (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Systematic Entomology 45: doi: 10.1111 / syen. 12385." type="book" year="2019">Brown et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. In contrast, females of many
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<taxonomicName id="A4A54D2DFF8F4017AD6AB13AFA09FBF5" ID-CoL="92M87" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1914" box="[1302,1439,1055,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Saphenista" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="51D1EABCFF8F4017AD6AB13AFA09FBF5" box="[1302,1439,1055,1079]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="2">Saphenista</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species retain the plesiomorphic condition of three spines in the frenulum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |