treatments-xml/data/A9/1C/46/A91C466720CA5935A8E3BDC76DEDE0E5.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.87.72614" ID-GBIF-Dataset="59d902b3-54a0-45df-8984-59de1723dadd" ID-PMC="PMC8863769" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-87-99" ID-Pensoft-UUID="462A78A6A4745A33A766A2045115F58F" ID-PubMed="35210924" ModsDocID="1314-4049-87-99" checkinTime="1644966810934" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Xie, Cong-Miao, Wang, Li-Song, Zhao, Zun-Tian, Zhang, Yan-Yun, Wang, Xin-Yu &amp; Zhang, Lu-Lu" docDate="2022" docId="A91C466720CA5935A8E3BDC76DEDE0E5" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 87: 99-132" docOrigin="MycoKeys 87" docPubDate="2022-02-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.87.72614" docTitle="Immersaria Rambold &amp; Pietschm., Bibliotheca Lichenologica 34: 239 1989" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="462A78A6A4745A33A766A2045115F58F" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="462A78A6A4745A33A766A2045115F58F" masterDocTitle="Revision of Immersaria and a new lecanorine genus in Lecideaceae (lichenised Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes)" masterLastPageNumber="132" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1668136817853" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Revision of Immersaria and a new lecanorine genus in Lecideaceae (lichenised Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Xie, Cong-Miao</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9973-3594</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Li-Song</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Zhao, Zun-Tian</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Zhang, Yan-Yun</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0902-5066</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Xin-Yu</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2166-6111</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wangxinyu@mail.kib.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Zhang, Lu-Lu</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">612038@sdnu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2022-02-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number>87</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.87.72614</mods:url>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="193377802" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A91C466720CA5935A8E3BDC76DEDE0E5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A91C466720CA5935A8E3BDC76DEDE0E5" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName LSID="A91C4667-20CA-5935-A8E3-BDC76DEDE0E5" authority="Rambold &amp; Pietschm., Bibliotheca Lichenologica 34: 239 (1989)." authorityName="Rambold &amp; Pietschm., Bibliotheca Lichenologica 34: 239" authorityYear="1989" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecideaceae" genus="Immersaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Immersaria" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Immersaria Rambold &amp; Pietschm., Bibliotheca Lichenologica 34: 239 (1989).</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambold &amp; Pietschm., in Rambold, Biblioth. Lichenol. 34: 240" authorityYear="1989" baseAuthorityName="Ach." class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecideaceae" genus="Immersaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Immersaria athroocarpa" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="athroocarpa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Immersaria athroocarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ach.) Rambold &amp; Pietschm., in Rambold, Biblioth. Lichenol. 34: 240 (1989).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
Thallus crustose, yellow-brown, red-brown, orange-brown or brown, sometimes rust coloured, continuous; areolae irregular or tending to rectangular, with a glossy surface (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">atrobrunnea</emphasis>
-type) caused by a layer of dead, colourless cells above the upper cortex, areolae sometimes aggregate with black prothallus and forming larger areolae; margin pruinose; prothallus distinct at the margin of thallus or absent. Upper cortex orange pigmented; epinecral layer colourless; algal layer continuous; medulla filled with grey granules. Apothecia lecideine, immersed, sometimes aggregate, round or irregular; disc black, flat, less concave, sometimes slightly raised, often poorly developed in section, pruinose or not; margin reduced. Exciple almost absent, sometimes developed, brown. Hymenium colourless; paraphyses simple, rarely branched, anastomosing or not; epihymenium brown, green or brown green, without plectenchyma; subhymenium colourless, sometimes pale brown; hypothecium pale brown to brown. Asci 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koerber" authorityYear="1855" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Porpidiaceae" genus="Porpidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Porpidia" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Porpidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type, cylindrical, eight-spored; ascospores ellipsoid, halonate, non-amyloid. Conidiomata present or not, immersed, linear or stellate, black, margin pruinose; conidia bacilliform.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="chemistry">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Chemistry.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Thallus K-, C-. Medulla I+ violet. Confluentic acid, often accompanied with 2'-O-methylmicophyllinic acid, planaic acid or no substances detected by TLC. The compound planaic acid is newly reported in this genus.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ecology and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">In China, growing on bare rock, sandstone or granite, from elevations of 3800 to 4500 m in the alpine zone of west China and elevations of 1200 to 1900 m in the steppe of north China. Worldwide distribution.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
Species with lecanorine apothecia were previously included in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambold &amp; Pietschm., Bibliotheca Lichenologica 34: 239" authorityYear="1989" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecideaceae" genus="Immersaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Immersaria" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Immersaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1006/lich.1997.0133" author="Calatayud, V" journalOrPublisher="Lichenologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="231 - 244" refId="B3" refString="Calatayud, V, Rambold, G, 1998. Two new species of the lichen genus Immersaria (Porpidiaceae). Lichenologist 30: 231 - 244, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/lich.1997.0133" title="Two new species of the lichen genus Immersaria (Porpidiaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1006/lich.1997.0133" volume="30" year="1998">Calatayud and Rambold 1998</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282911000077" author="Valadbeigi, T" journalOrPublisher="Lichenologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="203 - 208" refId="B23" refString="Valadbeigi, T, Sipman, H, Rambold, G, 2011. The genus Immersaria (Lecideaceae) in Iran, including I. iranica sp. nov. Lichenologist 43 (3): 203 - 208, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282911000077" title="The genus Immersaria (Lecideaceae) in Iran, including I. iranica sp. nov." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0024282911000077" volume="43" year="2011">Valadbeigi et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
), but the five-loci phylogenetic analysis excluded these species from 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecideaceae" genus="Immersaria." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Immersaria." order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Immersaria.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
This exclusion entails a restricted concept of the genus. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambold &amp; Pietschm., Bibliotheca Lichenologica 34: 239" authorityYear="1989" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecideaceae" genus="Immersaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Immersaria" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Immersaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is now defined by its orange-brown, yellow-brown, sometimes rusty coloured thallus, the amyloid medulla, the glossy surface of areolae with a pruinose margin, the black immersed lecideine apothecia with a reduced proper margin, the brown epihymenium and the 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Koerber" authorityYear="1855" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Porpidiaceae" genus="Porpidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Porpidia" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Porpidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type asci with eight halonate and non-amyloid ascospores. The members of this genus occur in alpine habitats.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
Species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.Massalongo" authorityYear="1854" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Sporastatiaceae" genus="Sporastatia" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Sporastatia" order="Rhizocarpales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Sporastatia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A. Massal. might be misidentified as members of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambold &amp; Pietschm., Bibliotheca Lichenologica 34: 239" authorityYear="1989" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecideaceae" genus="Immersaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Immersaria" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Immersaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of field observations of their glossy areolae and the immersed lecideine apothecia. However, they are characterised by multi-spored asci and their yellow-brown thallus. Additionally, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="H.Hertel &amp; G.Rambold" authorityYear="1987" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecanoraceae" genus="Miriquidica" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Miriquidica" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Miriquidica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hertel &amp; Rambold resembles 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambold &amp; Pietschm., Bibliotheca Lichenologica 34: 239" authorityYear="1989" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecideaceae" genus="Immersaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Immersaria" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Immersaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its glossy areolae and the lecideine apothecia, but differs in its black brown thallus, its 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecanoraceae" genus="Lecanora" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Lecanora" order="Lecanorales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Lecanora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type asci with non-halonate ascospores and often containing miriquidic acid. The immersed apothecia of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambold &amp; Pietschm., Bibliotheca Lichenologica 34: 239" authorityYear="1989" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecideaceae" genus="Immersaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Immersaria" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Immersaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may resemble 
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.Massalongo" authorityYear="1852" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Megasporaceae" genus="Aspicilia" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Aspicilia" order="Pertusariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Aspicilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A. Massal. and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.Massalongo" authorityYear="1852" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Acarosporaceae" genus="Acarospora" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Acarospora" order="Acarosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Acarospora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
A. Massal., but 
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.Massalongo" authorityYear="1852" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Megasporaceae" genus="Aspicilia" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Aspicilia" order="Pertusariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Aspicilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a white or grey thallus, the 
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.Massalongo" authorityYear="1852" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Megasporaceae" genus="Aspicilia" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Aspicilia" order="Pertusariales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Aspicilia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-type asci with non-halonate ascospores; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="A.Massalongo" authorityYear="1852" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Acarosporaceae" genus="Acarospora" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Acarospora" order="Acarosporales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Acarospora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has multi-spored asci.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
Although four known species, 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecideaceae" genus="Immersaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Immersaria carbonoidea" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="carbonoidea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Immersaria carbonoidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(J.W. Thomson) Esnault &amp; Cl. Roux, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. fuliginosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">I. fuliginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fryday, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. olivacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="olivacea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">I. olivacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Calat. &amp; Rambold and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="I. usbekica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="usbekica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">I. usbekica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, currently lack molecular data, they are temporarily left in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambold &amp; Pietschm., Bibliotheca Lichenologica 34: 239" authorityYear="1989" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecideaceae" genus="Immersaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Immersaria" order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Immersaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to their morphology which corresponds to that of 
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Lecideaceae" genus="Immersaria." kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Immersaria." order="Lecideales" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Immersaria.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Our morphological comparisons were based on high-resolution photographs of type materials and the original descriptions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>