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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1138-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BFD4A22FBD59587DA8A0A7000B7A16CE" ID-ZooBank="94AF8515FC534C7EB08A646F2D64355F" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1138-1" checkinTime="1673085743325" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lumen, Ryan &amp; Kaminski, Marcin Jan" docDate="2023" docId="82B621949DC85B1FA38EC462A5AE7DDA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1138: 1-27" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1138" docPubDate="2023-01-05" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968" docTitle="Phylacastus ancoralium Lumen &amp; Kamiński 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="FDB06FBF-4FCA-4888-B36A-9E9724BDA235" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="BFD4A22FBD59587DA8A0A7000B7A16CE" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="BFD4A22FBD59587DA8A0A7000B7A16CE" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the genus Phylacastus Fairmaire (Tenebrionidae, Eurynotina): shortfalls of anatomical nomenclature with notes on aedeagal homology" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1673085743325" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the genus Phylacastus Fairmaire (Tenebrionidae, Eurynotina): shortfalls of anatomical nomenclature with notes on aedeagal homology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lumen, Ryan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3958-7596</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Zoological Museum, Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rplumen@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kaminski, Marcin Jan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-0614</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Zoological Museum, Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland &amp; Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-01-05</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1138</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>27</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1138-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">94AF8515FC534C7EB08A646F2D64355F</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">BFD4A22FBD59587DA8A0A7000B7A16CE</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FDB06FBF-4FCA-4888-B36A-9E9724BDA235" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/82B621949DC85B1FA38EC462A5AE7DDA" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/FDB06FBF-4FCA-4888-B36A-9E9724BDA235" authority="Lumen &amp; Kamiński, 2023" authorityName="Lumen &amp; Kamiński" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus ancoralium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancoralium" status="sp. nov.">Phylacastus ancoralium</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Dorsal habitus of Phylacastus species A Phylacastus ancoralium sp. nov. holotype B Phylacastus makskacymirowi sp. nov. C Phylacastus crypticoides D Phylacastus rhodesianus E Phylacastus striolatus lectotype. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791036" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Phylacastus lateral aspect photographs and close-up of apical elytral tubercles and striae A Phylacastus ancoralium lateral angle B P. ancoralium close-up of elytra apical declivity C P. rhodesianus lateral angle D P. rhodesianus close-up of elytra apical declivity E P. striolatus lateral angle F P. striolatus close-up of elytra apical declivity." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791037" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 2A, B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Diagnostic features of Phylacastus species A-C mentum (Median keel red, middle portion and lateral wings blue and green respectively) D-E prosternal process F-G abdominal ventrite V A, D, F Phylacastus crypticoides B P. makskacymirowi C P. rhodesianus E P. ancoralium G P. striolatus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791038" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 3F</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Phylacastus species spp. aedeagi A-D aedeagus dorsal view E, F aedeagus Ventral view A, H Phylacastus striolatus B, G P. ancoralium (ancorae highlighted blue) C P. rhodesianus E P. crypticoides D, F P. makskacymirowi (subapical sutures highlighted blue). Median lobes highlighted green. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791039" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4B, G</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phylacastus ovipositor (dorsal). Right Phylacastus ancoralium Left P. crypticoides. Abbreviations: C - Coxae (1 - 4); Prct - Paraprocts. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791040" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Phylacastus internal female structures A Phylacastus striolatus B P. crypticoides C P. ancoralium. Abbreviations: Ag - Accessory gland, Ap - Accessory pouch, Bc - Bursa copulatrix, Ov - Oviduct, Sp - Spermatheca." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791041" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 6C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(data represents single specimens unless otherwise noted).
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1976-03-11" collectorName="S. Afr., Endroedy-Younga." country="Lesotho" elevation="300" latitude="-29.37" location="Hodson's Peak" longLatPrecision="736" longitude="29.17" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(TMNH): &quot;
<collectorName>S.Afr.</collectorName>
;E.
<collectingCountry name="Lesotho">Lesotho</collectingCountry>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82B621949DC85B1FA38EC462A5AE7DDA:8C1186D60984F2AA959CFE16D9D2BE9E" country="Lesotho" latitude="-29.37" longLatPrecision="736" longitude="29.17" name="Hodson's Peak">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hodson’s">Hodson's</normalizedToken>
Peak
</location>
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="300.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
<geoCoordinate degrees="29.37" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-29.37">29.37°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29.17" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="29.17">29.17°E</geoCoordinate>
;
<collectingDate value="1976-03-11">11.3.1976</collectingDate>
;E-Y:1069 fr.und.stones,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" unit="m" value="3150.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" unit="m" value="3150.0">3150 m</elevation>
</quantity>
leg.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Endrödy-Younga.”">
<collectorName>Endroedy-Younga.</collectorName>
&quot;
</normalizedToken>
With an additional label on red paper: &quot;
<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lumen &amp; Kamiński" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus ancoralium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancoralium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus ancoralium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lumen &amp; Kaminski&quot;.
</materialsCitation>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1976-03-09" collectingDateMax="1976-03-11" collectingDateMin="1976-03-09" collectorName="S. Afr., Endroedy-Younga., Endroedy-Younga" country="South Africa" county="Expedition" elevation="300" latitude="-29.31" location="Two" longLatPrecision="736" longitude="29.12" municipality="Swedish" specimenCount="five" stateProvince="Mokhotlong" typeStatus="Paratypes">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
= 11) (TMNH and MIIZPAN):
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82B621949DC85B1FA38EC462A5AE7DDA:45A37D4B3F1A5D24185A106B33AA493C" country="South Africa" county="Expedition" latitude="-29.31" longLatPrecision="736" longitude="29.12" municipality="Swedish" name="Two" stateProvince="Mokhotlong">Two</location>
specimens with same data as Holotype (MIIZPAN). &quot;
<collectorName>S.Afr.</collectorName>
Basutoland
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82B621949DC85B1FA38EC462A5AE7DDA:3EE588A894E83FF23058F44A4C2B7FA2" country="South Africa" county="Expedition" latitude="-29.31" longLatPrecision="736" longitude="29.12" municipality="Swedish" name="Makheke Mnts" stateProvince="Mokhotlong">Makheke Mnts</location>
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.414016" unit="mi" value="15.0">15 miles</quantity>
ENE
<collectingRegion country="Lesotho" name="Mokhotlong">Mokhotlong</collectingRegion>
. 8.IV.51 No. 268;
<collectingMunicipality>Swedish</collectingMunicipality>
<collectingCountry name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
<collectingCounty>Expedition</collectingCounty>
1950-1951; red label.&quot; (MIIZPAN), &quot;
<collectorName>S.Afr.</collectorName>
,
<collectingCountry name="Lesotho">Lesotho</collectingCountry>
Drakensbg,Black Mt.
<geoCoordinate degrees="29.31" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-29.31">29.31°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29.12" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="29.12">29.12°E</geoCoordinate>
;
<collectingDate value="1976-03-09">9.3.1976</collectingDate>
;E-Y:1060 from under stones leg.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Endrödy-Younga.”">
<collectorName>Endroedy-Younga.</collectorName>
&quot;
</normalizedToken>
, &quot;
<collectorName>S.Afr.</collectorName>
;E.
<collectingCountry name="Lesotho">Lesotho</collectingCountry>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Hodson’s">Hodson's</normalizedToken>
Peak
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="300.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
<geoCoordinate degrees="29.37" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-29.37">29.37°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29.17" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="29.17">29.17°E</geoCoordinate>
;
<collectingDate value="1976-03-11">11.3.1976</collectingDate>
;E-Y:1067 from under stones leg.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Endrödy-Younga”">
<collectorName>Endroedy-Younga</collectorName>
&quot;
</normalizedToken>
(
<specimenCount type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
)., &quot;
<collectorName>S.Afr.</collectorName>
, E.
<collectingCountry name="Lesotho">Lesotho</collectingCountry>
Sani Pass Valley
<geoCoordinate degrees="29.39" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="-29.39">29.39°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="29.12" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="29.12">29.12°E</geoCoordinate>
;
<collectingDate value="1976-03-10">10.3.1976</collectingDate>
; E-Y:1066 from under stones leg.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Endrödy-Younga”">
<collectorName>Endroedy-Younga</collectorName>
&quot;
</normalizedToken>
(
<specimenCount type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lumen &amp; Kamiński" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus ancoralium" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ancoralium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus ancoralium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is highly modified compared with its congeners. In addition to its wide geographic separation from other species (Lesotho), it can be separated from all other species of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Phylacastus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phylacastus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phylacastus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
via the elytra (with extremely weak to absent elytral striae), prosternum (weakly produced between forecoxae, rather than projecting more strongly beyond (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Diagnostic features of Phylacastus species A-C mentum (Median keel red, middle portion and lateral wings blue and green respectively) D-E prosternal process F-G abdominal ventrite V A, D, F Phylacastus crypticoides B P. makskacymirowi C P. rhodesianus E P. ancoralium G P. striolatus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm" figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791038" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3E</figureCitation>
)), aedeagus with ancorae on the ventral surface of the parameres (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Phylacastus species spp. aedeagi A-D aedeagus dorsal view E, F aedeagus Ventral view A, H Phylacastus striolatus B, G P. ancoralium (ancorae highlighted blue) C P. rhodesianus E P. crypticoides D, F P. makskacymirowi (subapical sutures highlighted blue). Median lobes highlighted green. Scale bars: 0.2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791039" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4G</figureCitation>
), and ovipositor relatively short compared to other species (ratio of ovipositor coxites I-IV to paraprocts nearly 1:1, rather than more distinctly &lt;1:1) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Phylacastus ovipositor (dorsal). Right Phylacastus ancoralium Left P. crypticoides. Abbreviations: C - Coxae (1 - 4); Prct - Paraprocts. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/791040" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This species is named for the ancorae of the male aedeagus, which in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Blaptinae">Blaptinae</taxonomicName>
are hypothesized to anchor the male genitalia during copulation. To date, this is the only species within the subtribe
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fairmaire" authorityYear="1897" family="Tenebrionidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Eurynotina">Eurynotina</taxonomicName>
with ancorae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Length 6-7 mm.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
: punctures separated by ~1 feature diameter. Mentum midportion slightly narrowing apically, exposing lateral wings, midportion without distinct median carina.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Prothorax</emphasis>
: pronotum finely punctate, punctures widely spaced, separated by&gt; 1 feature diameter. Hypomeron lightly wrinkled and finely punctate. Prosternal process weakly produced between forecoxae.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pterothorax</emphasis>
: elytra width about equal to pronotal width. Elytral striae and intervals punctate; striae very weakly impressed or absent. Interval punctures fine and widely spaced (&gt;1 feature diameter), distinctly smaller than strial punctures. Elytral tubercles absent.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Abdomen</emphasis>
: ventrite V sulcus narrowly separated from apical border.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terminalia</emphasis>
: male: parameres tapering apically, fused basally with narrow opening at apex exposing median lobe. Each paramere bearing a small, ventral medial ancora. Female: Ratio of ovipositor coxites I-IV to paraprocts nearly 1:1. Bursa copulatrix not bilobate, accessory gland present near-to spermatheca, accessory pouch present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lesotho.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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