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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.75846" ID-GBIF-Dataset="51eb60e9-3ecf-4764-98e5-91fe483e8e2e" ID-PMC="PMC8677713" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1076-125" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C834189BA6745527BCFEA937121A4528" ID-PubMed="34992493" ID-ZooBank="B653A0D3C62F4A17813E022EC2C2B5FE" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1076-125" checkinTime="1639110004542" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yoshida 1, Takahiro &amp; Ando 2, Kiyoshi" docDate="2021" docId="2FA1285C7F2D52E68EE71883AA3570E8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1076: 125-133" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1076" docPubDate="2021-12-09" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.75846" docTitle="Platycotylus merkli Yoshida 1 &amp; Ando 2 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="324CF110-BE9C-400A-B497-AAA134298431" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="C834189BA6745527BCFEA937121A4528" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="C834189BA6745527BCFEA937121A4528" masterDocTitle="Discovery of the genus Platycotylus Olliff, 1883 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) in Japan: Description of a new and remarkable species" masterLastPageNumber="133" masterPageNumber="125" pageNumber="125" updateTime="1668151212860" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Discovery of the genus Platycotylus Olliff, 1883 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) in Japan: Description of a new and remarkable species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Yoshida 1, Takahiro</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Systematic Zoology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1 - 1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192 - 0397, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ando 2, Kiyoshi</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Systematic Zoology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1 - 1 Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192 - 0397, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-12-09</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>1076</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>125</mods:start>
<mods:end>133</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.75846</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1076.75846</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1076-125</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B653A0D3C62F4A17813E022EC2C2B5FE</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">C834189BA6745527BCFEA937121A4528</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="191261335" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:324CF110-BE9C-400A-B497-AAA134298431" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2FA1285C7F2D52E68EE71883AA3570E8" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/324CF110-BE9C-400A-B497-AAA134298431" authority="Yoshida 1 &amp; Ando 2, 2021" authorityName="Yoshida 1 &amp; Ando 2" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Platycotylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platycotylus merkli" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merkli" status="sp. nov.">Platycotylus merkli</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="125">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Habitus of Platycotylus merkli sp. nov., holotype, male A Dorsal B ventral C lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75846.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621097" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figures 1</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Abdominal segments of Platycotylus merkli sp. nov., holotype, male A Ventrites B 8 th segment, ventral view C 9 th sternite, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm a (A); 0.5 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75846.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621098" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Aedeagus of Platycotylus merkli sp. nov., holotype A, B Dorsal C dorsolateral D ventral. Scale bars: 0.5 mm a for A; b for B-D." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75846.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621099" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 3 Japanese name: Tsuji-hirata-hime-kokunusutomodoki</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="type specimen">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Type specimen.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Holotype</emphasis>
: ♂, Japan, Kagoshima Prefecture, Toshima Village, Tokara Islands, Tokara-Nakanoshima Island, Nanatsuyama, 7.VII.2019, leg. Naomichi Tsuji, &quot;under permission&quot; (EUMJ).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
According to
<bibRefCitation author="Merkl, O" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="261 - 280" refId="B13" refString="Merkl, O, 1992. Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) from Laos and Vietnam, with reclassification of Old World ' Doliema '. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 38: 261 - 280" title="Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) from Laos and Vietnam, with reclassification of Old World ' Doliema '." volume="38" year="1992">Merkl (1992)</bibRefCitation>
, the epistome structures of males are important diagnostic characteristics for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Olliff" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Platycotylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platycotylus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Platycotylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. All known
<taxonomicName authorityName="Olliff" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Platycotylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platycotylus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Platycotylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males present a pair of short tubercles at the middle of the epistome, except for
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Platycotylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platycotylus palmi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palmi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Platycotylus palmi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ferrer, 1998 (absent; see
<bibRefCitation author="Ferrer, J" journalOrPublisher="Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie (NS)" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="151 - 154" refId="B6" refString="Ferrer, J, 1998. Thurea palmi gen. &amp; spec. nov. a new representative of the tribe Lagriini in Africa (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae). Nouvelle Revue d'Entomologie (NS) 15: 151 - 154" title="Thurea palmi gen. &amp; spec. nov. a new representative of the tribe Lagriini in Africa (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae)." volume="15" year="1998">Ferrer 1998</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, aside from species of which males have not been examined [
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Platycotylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platycotylus parvicollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvicollis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Platycotylus parvicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Pic, 1923) and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Platycotylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platycotylus tenuicollis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuicollis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Platycotylus tenuicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fairmaire, 1893)], this new species can be distinguished from all other males of congeneric species by its long and asymmetrical epistomal horn.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
The new species is most similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. parvicollis" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="parvicollis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">P. parvicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, of which a male has not yet been examined. It can be distinguished by the simple sparse punctation on the pronotum (laterally rugulose in
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. parvicollis" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="parvicollis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">P. parvicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see
<bibRefCitation author="Merkl, O" journalOrPublisher="Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="261 - 280" refId="B13" refString="Merkl, O, 1992. Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) from Laos and Vietnam, with reclassification of Old World ' Doliema '. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 38: 261 - 280" title="Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) from Laos and Vietnam, with reclassification of Old World ' Doliema '." volume="38" year="1992">Merkl 1992</bibRefCitation>
) and by elytra that are scarcely striate, with elytral intervals that are neither convex nor carinate (striate in the original description of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. parvicollis" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="parvicollis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">P. parvicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Pic, M" journalOrPublisher="Melanges Exotico-entomologiques," pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="3 - 32" refId="B15" refString="Pic, M, 1923. Nouveautes diverses. Melanges Exotico-entomologiques, 40: 3 - 32" title="Nouveautes diverses." volume="40" year="1923">Pic 1923</bibRefCitation>
). Additionally, the smaller eyes and acutely produced temples of the new species differ from those of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. parvicollis" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="parvicollis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">P. parvicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
In addition, the umbilical tubercle on the center of mentum may be one remarkable characteristic of this new species. At least, there is no such tubercle on the mentum of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. nitidulus" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="nitidulus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">P. nitidulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has a small fovea in the middle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Body length: 3.40 mm. Male. Elongate and flattened, shiny; dark reddish brown, head and pronotum blackish brown, elytra darkened on sutural and lateral parts.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Head obtrapezoidal, weakly convex, without frontogenal and frontoclypeal sutures; punctures coarse and dense, partly piligerous; epistome with a large asymmetrical horn in middle, distinctly emarginate on both sides of the horn, which is distinctly curved to the left and acute at its apex, with a long yellow seta arising from each emarginated anterior margin, covered with punctures; genae convex, roundly produced laterad; frons broadened, weakly convex, slightly sloping forwards, 3.83 times as wide as width of eye in lateral view; eyes entirely lateral, strongly convex laterad, without inner ocular sulci; temples slender, acutely produced laterad, setiferous and finely punctate. Antennae slender, surpassing base of elytra, almost filiform though 7th antennomere dilated apicad and 8th to 10th ones dilated and nearly as long as wide; 11th antennomere elongate. Ultimate maxillary palpomeres fusiform. Mentum transversely quadrate, weakly convex, irregularly depressed at sides, with an umbilical tubercle at middle. Submentum flat, subquadrate, strongly emarginate at sides. Gula narrow, linguiform, unevenly flat and smooth.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Pronotum obtrapezoidal, widest at apical fifth and 1.30 times as wide as long; disc slightly convex, densely punctate, punctures piligerous laterally, nearly as large as and slightly sparser than on head; anterior margin subtruncate, unbeaded; anterior corners with an acutely pointed process; lateral margins slightly rounded and evenly convergent posteriad, almost invisible in dorsal view, roundly and weakly edged at apical fifth and basal fifth, slightly sinuate before base, very finely beaded; posterior corners with processes smaller than those on anterior corners and acutely pointed laterad; basal margin weakly rounded, moderately beaded. Scutellar shield transverse, 1.67 times as wide as long, surface flat and smooth.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Elytra elongate, subparallel-sided, widest at basal sixth and 2.14 times as long as their combined width, subvertical between 7th intervals and lateral margins; surface scarcely striate, with rows of punctures larger than on pronotum; intervals almost flat and impunctate; epipleura irregularly rugulose.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
Prothoracic hypomera weakly depressed, with large and coarse piligerous punctures. Prosternum weakly convex, distinctly sulcate along apical bead, sparsely punctate in middle and moderately so laterally; prosternal process trapezoidal, depressed, coarsely punctate. Mesoventrite weakly convex, with large and sparse piligerous punctures. Metaventrite weakly convex, sparsely and evenly punctate though becoming denser and piligerous in each lateral fourth. Abdomen (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Abdominal segments of Platycotylus merkli sp. nov., holotype, male A Ventrites B 8 th segment, ventral view C 9 th sternite, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm a (A); 0.5 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75846.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621098" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">2A</figureCitation>
) with punctures piligerous, fine and dense; lateral margins of 3rd and 4th ventrites weakly and roundly produced in each apical half; 5th ventrite evenly rounded at posterior margin.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75846.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621098" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Abdominal segments of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yoshida 1 &amp; Ando 2" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Platycotylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platycotylus merkli" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merkli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Platycotylus merkli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., holotype, male
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">A</emphasis>
Ventrites
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">B</emphasis>
8th segment, ventral view
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C</emphasis>
9th sternite, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">a</emphasis>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">A</emphasis>
); 0.5 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">B, C</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
Abdominal sternites VIII and IX (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Abdominal segments of Platycotylus merkli sp. nov., holotype, male A Ventrites B 8 th segment, ventral view C 9 th sternite, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm a (A); 0.5 mm (B, C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75846.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621098" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">2B, C</figureCitation>
); sternite VIII thin, with short setae along posterior margin; sternite IX with a pair of horizontally elongate sclerites, with an elongate protrusion on the apical third of each sclerite that is slightly curved inwards. Aedeagus (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Aedeagus of Platycotylus merkli sp. nov., holotype A, B Dorsal C dorsolateral D ventral. Scale bars: 0.5 mm a for A; b for B-D." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75846.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621099" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">3</figureCitation>
) lanceolate, very short, 0.11 times as long as elytra, slightly twisted towards left side of body, obsoletely margined between basale and apicale; basale 1.07 times as long as apicale; apicale rounded at apex.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75846.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621099" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Aedeagus of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Yoshida 1 &amp; Ando 2" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Platycotylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platycotylus merkli" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merkli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Platycotylus merkli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov., holotype
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">A, B</emphasis>
Dorsal
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">C</emphasis>
dorsolateral
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">D</emphasis>
ventral. Scale bars: 0.5 mm
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">a</emphasis>
for
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">A</emphasis>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">b</emphasis>
for
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">B-D</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Legs robust. Femora strongly dilated towards middle or distally, sparse with setiferous punctures. Tibiae short and slender; protibiae with two tibial spurs, one of which is very large and robust, curved posteriorly.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Female</emphasis>
. Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
The new species is dedicated to the late Dr
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ottó">Otto</normalizedToken>
Merkl, who made a significant contribution to the taxonomy of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tenebrionidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Japan: Tokara Islands (Nakanoshima Island).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Biological notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">The holotype was collected by beating the dead branches of an unidentified living tree.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="key to species of the genus platycotylus (after merkl 1992 and schawaller 2014)">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
Key to species of the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Olliff" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Platycotylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platycotylus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Platycotylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(after Merkl 1992 and Schawaller 2014)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<table inLine="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Pronotal surface between punctures and elytral intervals shagreened (micro-reticulated)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ferrugineus" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">P. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kaszab, 1939)
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Pronotal surface and elytral intervals smooth and shiny</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">2</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Antennomere 11 elongate, at least 3 times longer than wide, pronotum flat</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. tenuicornis" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="tenuicornis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">P. tenuicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fairmaire, 1893)
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Antennomere 11 only 2 times longer than wide, pronotum convex</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">3</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Pronotum more transverse, with distinctly prominent anterolateral corners</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. nitidulus" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="nitidulus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">P. nitidulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(MacLeay, 1872)
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Pronotum less transverse, subquadrate or trapezoidal, with short anterolateral corners</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">4</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">4</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Pronotum longer, trapezoidal, elytral interval 7 convex</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. palmi" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="palmi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">P. palmi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ferrer, 1998)
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Pronotum subquadrate or obtrapezoidal, elytral interval 7 keeled</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">5</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">5</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Eyes moderate in size, temple not produced, pronotum laterally with rugulose punctation, elytra striate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. parvicollis" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="parvicollis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">P. parvicollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Pic, 1923)
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">Eyes smaller, temple acutely produced, pronotum laterally with simple sparse punctation, elytra scarcely striate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. merkli" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="merkli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">P. merkli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="abdominal pits and male genital morphology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Abdominal pits and male genital morphology</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
<bibRefCitation author="Matthews, EG" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Publishing, Canberra" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" refId="B11" refString="Matthews, EG, Bouchard, P, 2008. Tenebrionid beetles of Australia: description of tribes, keys to genera, catalogue of species. CSIRO Publishing, Canberra" title="Tenebrionid beetles of Australia: description of tribes, keys to genera, catalogue of species." year="2008">Matthews and Bouchard (2008)</bibRefCitation>
regarded the abdominal pits of the palorine male and the inverted aedeagus as two autapomorphies of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matthews" authorityYear="2003" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="tribe" tribe="Palorini">Palorini</taxonomicName>
. However, the abdominal pits were absent on the males of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Olliff" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Platycotylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platycotylus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Platycotylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined by
<bibRefCitation author="Masumoto, K" journalOrPublisher="Entomological Review of Japan" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="120 - 130" refId="B8" refString="Masumoto, K, Grimm, R, 2004. A new genus and a species of Palorinae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from Japan. Entomological Review of Japan 59 (1): 120 - 130" title="A new genus and a species of Palorinae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from Japan." volume="59" year="2004">Masumoto and Grimm (2004)</bibRefCitation>
. The male of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. merkli" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="merkli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">P. merkli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. also does not possess these pits, indicating that they are lacking in the genus
<taxonomicName authorityName="Olliff" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Platycotylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platycotylus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Platycotylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
The male genital structures of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Olliff" authorityYear="1883" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Platycotylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Platycotylus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Platycotylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been poorly studied only in two species:
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. palmi" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="palmi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">P. palmi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Ferrer (1988) and
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. nitidulus" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="nitidulus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">P. nitidulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with a simple illustration by Matthews and Bouchard (2005). The shapes of the aedeagi of these species are similar to each other and inverted, although the orientation of the aedeagus of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. palmi" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="palmi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">P. palmi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has yet to be examined. Nevertheless, the shape of the aedeagus of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. merkli" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="merkli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">P. merkli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is lanceolate, twisted in the middle, and with the basale slightly longer than the apicale (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Aedeagus of Platycotylus merkli sp. nov., holotype A, B Dorsal C dorsolateral D ventral. Scale bars: 0.5 mm a for A; b for B-D." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1076.75846.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/621099" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">3</figureCitation>
). Thus, the genital morphology of
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. merkli" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="merkli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">P. merkli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is substantially different from that of its congeners, which highlights the systematic peculiarity of this new species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
A similar pattern of variation in male genital morphology is shown in a lineage of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Erotylidae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Cucujoidea">Cucujoidea</taxonomicName>
), which is mainly found on the male cones of cycad plants and contains three genera:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycadophila" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Cycadophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Xu, Tang &amp; Skelley, 2015,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1875" class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Pharaxonotha" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pharaxonotha" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Pharaxonotha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Reitter, 1875, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Tang, Skelley &amp; Perez-Farrera" authorityYear="2018" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Ceratophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ceratophila" order="Cycadales" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Ceratophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tang, Skelley &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez-Farrera">Perez-Farrera</normalizedToken>
, 2018. Males of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erotylidae" genus="Cycadophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycadophila" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Cycadophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possess an aedeagus that is twisted towards the left side, whereas the other genera possess inverted male genitalia (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3986.3.1" author="Xu, G" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="251 - 278" refId="B18" refString="Xu, G, Tang, W, Skelley, P, Liu, N, Rich, S, 2015. Cycadophila, a new genus (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas debaoensis (Cycadaceae) in Asia. Zootaxa 3986: 251 - 278, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3986.3.1" title="Cycadophila, a new genus (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Pharaxonothinae) inhabiting Cycas debaoensis (Cycadaceae) in Asia." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3986.3.1" volume="3986" year="2015">Xu et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Tang, W" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Mundi" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="1 - 19" publicationUrl="https://journals.flvc.org/mundi/article/view/124503" refId="B17" refString="Tang, W, Xu, G, Marler, T, Khuraijam, JS, Singh, R, Lindstroem, AJ, Radha, P, Rich, S, Nguyen, KS, Skelley, PE, 2020. Beetles (Coleoptera) in cones of cycads (Cycadales) of the northern hemisphere: diversity and evolution. Insecta Mundi 0781: 1 - 19, https://journals.flvc.org/mundi/article/view/124503" title="Beetles (Coleoptera) in cones of cycads (Cycadales) of the northern hemisphere: diversity and evolution." url="https://journals.flvc.org/mundi/article/view/124503" volume="0781" year="2020">Tang et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation author="Tang, W" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Mundi" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="1 - 19" publicationUrl="https://journals.flvc.org/mundi/article/view/124503" refId="B17" refString="Tang, W, Xu, G, Marler, T, Khuraijam, JS, Singh, R, Lindstroem, AJ, Radha, P, Rich, S, Nguyen, KS, Skelley, PE, 2020. Beetles (Coleoptera) in cones of cycads (Cycadales) of the northern hemisphere: diversity and evolution. Insecta Mundi 0781: 1 - 19, https://journals.flvc.org/mundi/article/view/124503" title="Beetles (Coleoptera) in cones of cycads (Cycadales) of the northern hemisphere: diversity and evolution." url="https://journals.flvc.org/mundi/article/view/124503" volume="0781" year="2020">Tang et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that these shapes and orientations of the genitalia may be related to the mating position (side-to-side or end-to-end) as an adaptation to mating in the tight spaces of cycad cones. These authors also indicated that these morphological adaptations had evolved independently in each genus. The twisted aedeagus of the new species described here, as well as the inverted aedeagus of the tribe in general, may be associated with the habitat of the insect, i.e., under the hardly loosened bark of dead branches. Further studies on these habitats, as well as on the mating behavior and genital morphology of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Matthews" authorityYear="2003" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="tribe" tribe="Palorini">Palorini</taxonomicName>
, are required.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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