393 lines
49 KiB
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393 lines
49 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="10E2D176C0C35BE6601D6DEDBD4B66EB">Molecular systematics of the subgenus Gephyromantis (Phylacomantis) with description of a new subspecies</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="A9FD6FDE4142AF4DFF2AFBACFDEDFB83" authority="Scherz & Rudolph & Rakotondratsima & Ratsoavina & Crottini & Andreone & Glaw & Vences, 2024" authorityName="Scherz & Rudolph & Rakotondratsima & Ratsoavina & Crottini & Andreone & Glaw & Vences" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,537,1089,1116]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="corvus" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="bakilana">
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<emphasis id="5C89C84F4142AF4DFF2AFBACFDEDFB83" bold="true" box="[151,537,1089,1116]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Gephyromantis corvus bakilana</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="47BA75344142AF4DFD9CFBACFD7EFB84" box="[545,650,1089,1115]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" rank="subSpecies">ssp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="F6C608D84142AF4DFF2AFB88FEF4FB5F" box="[151,256,1125,1152]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="10.[152,255,1861,1885]" captionStartId-1="11.[152,255,1072,1096]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,189,1837]" captionTargetBox-1="[153,1433,184,1046]" captionTargetId-0="figure-41@10.[151,1436,181,1837]" captionTargetId-1="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1048]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Photographs of type specimens of Gephyromantis (Phylacomantis) corvus bakilana ssp. nov. in dorsolateral and ventral views in life.A, B, male holotype ZSM 63/2016 (MSZC 202) fromAndranonafindra forest. C, female paratype UADBA- MSZC 223 from Irogno forest; D, female paratype ZSM 64/2016 (MSZC 227) from Irogno forest; E, F paratype ZSM 505/2009 (DRV 5801) from near the Makira Reserve (western slope). Photographs not to scale." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Preserved holotype of Gephyromantis (Phylacomantis) corvus bakilana ssp. nov. (ZSM 63/2016; MSZC 202) in dorsal and ventral views." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11101642" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11101646" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11101642/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11101646/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Figs. 5–6</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="5C89C84F4142AF4DFF2AFB40FF1AFB18" box="[151,238,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Remark</emphasis>
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. This lineage was assigned the candidate species number
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<emphasis id="5C89C84F4142AF4DFCCBFB43FC7EFB17" box="[886,906,1198,1224]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">G</emphasis>
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. sp. Ca31 by
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<bibRefCitation id="0A6C69AC4142AF4DFB99FB40FAF0FB18" author="Scherz, M. D. & Vences, M. & Borrell, J. & Ball, L. & Nomenjanahary, D. H. & Parker, D. & Rakotondratsima, M. & Razafimandimby, E. & Starnes, T. & Rabearivony, J. & Glaw, F." box="[1060,1284,1197,1223]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" pagination="451 - 466" refId="ref9688" refString="Scherz, M. D., Vences, M., Borrell, J., Ball, L., Nomenjanahary, D. H., Parker, D., Rakotondratsima, M., Razafimandimby, E., Starnes, T., Rabearivony, J. & Glaw, F. (2017) A new frog species of the subgenus Asperomantis (Anura: Mantellidae: Gephyromantis) from the Bealanana District of northern Madagascar. Zoosystematics and Evolution, 93, 451 - 466. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zse. 93.14906" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Scherz
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<emphasis id="5C89C84F4142AF4DFBC5FB43FB44FB18" box="[1144,1200,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">et al.</emphasis>
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(2017)
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.
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<materialsCitation id="DE951E004142AF4DFF7AFB3CFB5EFAEC" collectingDate="2016-01-14" collectorName="M. D. Scherz & M. Rakotondratsima" country="Madagascar" elevation="1204" latitude="-14.73654" location="Andranonafindra forest" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="48.54845" municipality="Sofia Region" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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. ZSM 63/2016 (field number MSZC 202), adult male (
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<figureCitation id="F6C608D84142AF4DFC3FFB3CFC18FB33" box="[898,1004,1233,1260]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="10.[152,255,1861,1885]" captionStartId-1="11.[152,255,1072,1096]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,189,1837]" captionTargetBox-1="[153,1433,184,1046]" captionTargetId-0="figure-41@10.[151,1436,181,1837]" captionTargetId-1="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1048]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Photographs of type specimens of Gephyromantis (Phylacomantis) corvus bakilana ssp. nov. in dorsolateral and ventral views in life.A, B, male holotype ZSM 63/2016 (MSZC 202) fromAndranonafindra forest. C, female paratype UADBA- MSZC 223 from Irogno forest; D, female paratype ZSM 64/2016 (MSZC 227) from Irogno forest; E, F paratype ZSM 505/2009 (DRV 5801) from near the Makira Reserve (western slope). Photographs not to scale." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Preserved holotype of Gephyromantis (Phylacomantis) corvus bakilana ssp. nov. (ZSM 63/2016; MSZC 202) in dorsal and ventral views." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11101642" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11101646" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11101642/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/11101646/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Figs. 5–6</figureCitation>
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), collected on
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by
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and
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at
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(
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SW of Bealanana
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|
||
<elevation id="E5D0F36E4142AF4DFDF9FAF4FD22FAEC" box="[580,726,1305,1332]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.204" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" unit="m" value="1204.0">
|
||
<quantity id="A905B9B84142AF4DFDF9FAF4FD6DFAEB" box="[580,665,1305,1332]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.204" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" unit="m" value="1204.0">1204 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="8E268E274142AF4DFD5FFAF4FC8CFAEC" box="[738,888,1305,1331]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Sofia Region</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="16EA54CD4142AF4DFBA1FAF4FB51FAEC" box="[1052,1189,1305,1331]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E42145D4142AF4DFF7AFAD3FBF8F9F0" blockId="8.[151,1437,1197,2016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DE951E004142AF4DFF7AFAD3FDEAFA1C" collectingDate="2016-01-16" collectorName="M. D. Scherz & M. Rakotondratsima" country="Madagascar" county="Sofia Region" elevation="940" latitude="48.49195" location="Irogno forest" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-48.49209" municipality="Bealanana District" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-adult="2" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4142AF4DFF7AFAD3FECDFA88" box="[199,313,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<typeStatus id="B146AAFF4142AF4DFF7AFAD3FECDFA88" box="[199,313,1342,1367]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. ZSM 64/2016 (MSZC 227) and UADBA-MSZC 223,
|
||
<specimenCount id="78FBDFD44142AF4DFC08FAD3FBEBFA88" box="[949,1055,1341,1368]" count="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" type="adult">two adult</specimenCount>
|
||
females, collected on
|
||
<date id="1A43329D4142AF4DFA9CFAD0FF3BFAA4" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" value="2016-01-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="0A07CB754142AF4DFA9CFAD0FF3BFAA4" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" value="2016-01-16">16 January 2016</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="C308718B4142AF4DFF44FA8FFE73FAA4" box="[249,391,1377,1404]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">M.D. Scherz</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="C308718B4142AF4DFE00FA8FFD56FAA4" box="[445,674,1377,1404]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">M. Rakotondratsima</collectorName>
|
||
at
|
||
<location id="6B2242864142AF4DFD79FA8FFCADFAA4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E654A54B4142AF4CFF2AFBACFDE7F866:6B2242864142AF4DFD79FA8FFCADFAA4" box="[708,857,1377,1404]" country="Madagascar" county="Sofia Region" latitude="48.49195" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-48.49209" municipality="Bealanana District" name="Irogno forest" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Irogno forest</location>
|
||
, on the border of the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="8E268E274142AF4DFBFBFA8CFAE1FAA4" box="[1094,1301,1377,1403]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Bealanana District</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<locationDeviation id="7FF00D7F4142AF4DFA99FA8CFEDFFA40" location="Bealanana" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<quantity id="A905B9B84142AF4DFA99FA8CFA98FAA4" box="[1316,1388,1377,1403]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" unit="km" value="36.0">36 km</quantity>
|
||
SW of Bealanana
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
on the RN31), geographical coordinates
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0BC9729A4142AF4DFD46FA68FC75FA40" box="[763,897,1413,1439]" degrees="14.74999" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" precision="1" value="-14.74999">14.74999°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0BC9729A4142AF4DFC30FA68FC0CFA7F" box="[909,1016,1413,1440]" degrees="48.49195" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" precision="1" value="48.49195">48.49195</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0BC9729A4142AF4DFC45FA68FB87FA7F" box="[1016,1139,1413,1440]" degrees="48.49209" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" precision="1" value="-48.49209">–48.49209</geoCoordinate>
|
||
°E,
|
||
<elevation id="E5D0F36E4142AF4DFB25FA68FAA0FA40" box="[1176,1364,1413,1440]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" metricValueMax="9.47" metricValueMin="9.33" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" unit="m" value="940.0" valueMax="947.0" valueMin="933.0">
|
||
<quantity id="A905B9B84142AF4DFB25FA68FAE3FA7F" box="[1176,1303,1413,1440]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.4" metricValueMax="9.47" metricValueMin="9.33" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" unit="m" value="940.0" valueMax="947.0" valueMin="933.0">933–947 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="87236CD14142AF4DFADCFA68FF1FFA1C" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Sofia Region</collectingCounty>
|
||
, northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="16EA54CD4142AF4DFE2EFA44FDEAFA1C" box="[403,542,1449,1475]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DE951E004142AF4DFD96FA44FBFCF9F0" collectingDate="2009-06-21" collectorName="M. Vences & D. R. Vieites & F. M. Ratsoavina & R. - D. Randrianiaina & E. Rajeriarison & T. Rajoafiarison & J. Patton & Sahaovy & Makira Natural Park" country="Madagascar" elevation="603" latitude="-15.48904" location="Sofia Region" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="49.07854" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
ZSM 505/2009 (DRV 5801), an unsexed adult, collected on
|
||
<date id="1A43329D4142AF4DFB63FA44FA83FA1C" box="[1246,1399,1449,1476]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" value="2009-06-21">
|
||
<collectingDate id="0A07CB754142AF4DFB63FA44FA83FA1C" box="[1246,1399,1449,1476]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" value="2009-06-21">21 June 2009</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="C308718B4142AF4DFF2AFA23FEE6FA37" box="[151,274,1486,1512]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">M. Vences</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="C308718B4142AF4DFEA2FA23FE42FA38" box="[287,438,1485,1512]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">D. R. Vieites</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="C308718B4142AF4DFE7EFA23FD7CFA38" box="[451,648,1485,1512]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">F. M. Ratsoavina</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="C308718B4142AF4DFD28FA23FC88FA38" box="[661,892,1485,1512]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">R.-D. Randrianiaina</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="C308718B4142AF4DFC34FA23FBC2FA38" box="[905,1078,1485,1512]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">E. Rajeriarison</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="C308718B4142AF4DFBFEFA23FB08FA38" box="[1091,1276,1485,1512]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">T. Rajoafiarison</collectorName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectorName id="C308718B4142AF4DFA87FA23FA69FA37" box="[1338,1437,1486,1512]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">J. Patton</collectorName>
|
||
at
|
||
<collectorName id="C308718B4142AF4DFF0EFA1CFEE7F9D4" box="[179,275,1521,1547]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Sahaovy</collectorName>
|
||
(camp 0), outside but close to the western border of the
|
||
<collectorName id="C308718B4142AF4DFC33FA1CFB8CF9D4" box="[910,1144,1521,1547]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Makira Natural Park</collectorName>
|
||
, geographical coordinates
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0BC9729A4142AF4DFF2AF9F8FEEAF9EF" box="[151,286,1557,1584]" degrees="15.48904" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" precision="1" value="-15.48904">15.48904°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0BC9729A4142AF4DFE94F9F8FE45F9EF" box="[297,433,1557,1584]" degrees="49.07854" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" precision="1" value="49.07854">49.07854°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="E5D0F36E4142AF4DFE01F9F8FDB4F9F0" box="[444,576,1557,1584]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.029999999999999" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" unit="m" value="603.0">
|
||
<quantity id="A905B9B84142AF4DFE01F9F8FDF7F9EF" box="[444,515,1557,1584]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.029999999999999" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" unit="m" value="603.0">603 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="6B2242864142AF4DFDF1F9F8FD16F9F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E654A54B4142AF4CFF2AFBACFDE7F866:6B2242864142AF4DFDF1F9F8FD16F9F0" box="[588,738,1557,1583]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-15.48904" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="49.07854" name="Sofia Region" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Sofia Region</location>
|
||
, northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="16EA54CD4142AF4DFCC2F9F8FBFCF9F0" box="[895,1032,1557,1583]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E42145D4142AF4DFF7AF9D7FA7DF8D8" blockId="8.[151,1437,1197,2016]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4142AF4DFF7AF9D7FECDF98C" box="[199,313,1594,1619]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. A subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9FD6FDE4142AF4DFE40F9D4FD5DF98C" authorityName="Methuen" authorityYear="1920" box="[509,681,1593,1619]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4142AF4DFE40F9D4FD5DF98C" box="[509,681,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Gephyromantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
assigned to the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9FD6FDE4142AF4DFC73F9D4FB80F98C" box="[974,1140,1593,1619]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Phylacomantis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4142AF4DFC73F9D4FB80F98C" box="[974,1140,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Phylacomantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the combination of presence of intercalary elements between ultimate and penultimate phalanges of fingers and toes (assessed by external examination), absence of nuptial pads, a single patch of well-delimited femoral glands of
|
||
<typeStatus id="B146AAFF4142AF4DFAB9F96FFAC0F943" box="[1284,1332,1666,1692]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">type</typeStatus>
|
||
2 (
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4142AF4DFAE3F96FFA68F944" box="[1374,1436,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A6C69AC4142AF4DFF2AF948FEA9F960" author="Glaw, F. & Vences, M. & Gossmann, V." box="[151,349,1701,1727]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" pagination="1135 - 1154" refId="ref8553" refString="Glaw, F., Vences, M. & Gossmann, V. (2000) A new species of Mantidactylus (subgenus Guibemantis) from Madagascar, with a comparative survey of internal femoral gland structure in the genus (Amphibia: Ranidae: Mantellinae). Journal of Natural History, 34, 1135 - 1154. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930050020140" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Glaw
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4142AF4DFF63F94BFEEDF960" box="[222,281,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in males (no rudiments in females), paired or bilobed blackish subgular vocal sacs in males, tubercular skin without regular dorsolateral ridges, medium body size, outer metatarsalia partly connected by tissue, webbing between toes present, inner and outer metatarsal tubercle present, and molecular phylogenetic affinities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E42145D4142AF4CFF7AF8FCFF23FE56" blockId="8.[151,1437,1197,2016]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,150,1977]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="214" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">
|
||
Within the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9FD6FDE4142AF4DFE01F8FCFD96F8F4" box="[444,610,1809,1835]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Phylacomantis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4142AF4DFE01F8FCFD96F8F4" box="[444,610,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">Phylacomantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4142AF4DFDCEF8FFFCECF8F4" box="[627,792,1809,1836]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">G. c. bakilana</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4142AF4DFC9FF8FCFC7DF8F4" bold="true" box="[802,905,1809,1835]" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9FD6FDE4142AF4DFB2DF8FFFAB7F8F4" box="[1168,1347,1809,1836]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudoasper">
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4142AF4DFB2DF8FFFAB7F8F4" box="[1168,1347,1809,1836]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">G. pseudoasper</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by less expressed yellow-orange coloration ventrally on thighs and on femoral glands (vs. usually distinct yellow-orange color), and less distinct median white stripe on throat (vs. usually distinct stripe); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9FD6FDE4142AF4DFB28F8B7FAFAF8AC" authorityName="Cocca, Andreone, Belluardo, Rosa, Randrianirina, Glaw & Crottini" authorityYear="2020" box="[1173,1294,1881,1908]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kintana">
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4142AF4DFB28F8B7FAFAF8AC" box="[1173,1294,1881,1908]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">G. kintana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by blackish (vs. whitish) vocal sacs, by blackish (vs. whitish) throat, by a blackish (vs. whitish) belly, more strongly granular dorsal skin (vs. less granular), and lower maximum number of granules in the femoral glands (ca. 45 vs. 96); and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9FD6FDE4142AF4DFF68F82BFEBDF800" authorityName="Crottini, Glaw, Casiraghi, Jenkins, Mercurio, Randrianantoandro, Randrianirina & Andreone" authorityYear="2011" box="[213,329,1990,2016]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atsingy">
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4142AF4DFF68F82BFEBDF800" box="[213,329,1990,2016]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="213">G. atsingy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by brownish dorsal coloration with orange-brown elements (vs. light brown-beige with a greenish shading) and a lower maximum number of granules in the femoral glands (ca. 45 vs. 70). Morphologically, the new subspecies does not show any known consistent differences to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9FD6FDE4143AF4CFCDBFF56FBDCFF0B" box="[870,1064,187,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="corvus" subSpecies="corvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4143AF4CFCDBFF56FBDCFF0B" box="[870,1064,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">G. corvus corvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; one potential difference is lessexpressed dorsal orange-brown color pattern in
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4143AF4CFD0CFF32FCCEFF27" box="[689,826,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">
|
||
G. c.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9FD6FDE4143AF4CFD52FF32FCCEFF27" baseAuthorityName="Glaw & Vences" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[751,826,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corvus">corvus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, but the
|
||
<typeStatus id="B146AAFF4143AF4CFC20FF32FC0BFF26" box="[925,1023,223,249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was fairly dark when photographed, and more samples are needed to confirm this. According to MolD, the following combination of nucleotide position is diagnostic for the new subspecies among all other taxa in the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9FD6FDE4143AF4CFC61FECAFB76FE9E" box="[988,1154,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Phylacomantis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4143AF4CFC61FECAFB76FE9E" box="[988,1154,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Phylacomantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including nominal
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4143AF4CFADBFECAFF16FEBB" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">
|
||
G. c.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9FD6FDE4143AF4CFF2AFEA6FF16FEBB" baseAuthorityName="Glaw & Vences" baseAuthorityYear="1994" box="[151,226,331,356]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="corvus">corvus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: (positions according to the full 16S sequence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9FD6FDE4143AF4CFCACFEA6FC01FEBA" authority=", AB" authorityName="AB" box="[785,1013,330,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Mantellidae" genus="Gephyromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudoasper">
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4143AF4CFCACFEA6FC35FEBA" box="[785,961,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">G. pseudoasper</emphasis>
|
||
, AB
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
325880): “A” at site 1019, “G” at site 1054.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E42145D4143AF4CFF7AFE7EFC54FC32" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4143AF4CFF7AFE7EFE0FFE72" box="[199,507,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="B146AAFF4143AF4CFE26FE7EFE0FFE72" box="[411,507,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Adult male in good state of preservation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6C608D84143AF4CFC5EFE7EFBDCFE72" box="[995,1064,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1072,1096]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,184,1046]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1048]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Preserved holotype of Gephyromantis (Phylacomantis) corvus bakilana ssp. nov. (ZSM 63/2016; MSZC 202) in dorsal and ventral views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11101646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11101646/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
), with part of the ventral surface of left thigh cut and opened for tissue sampling and femoral gland inspection; skin on right thigh also cut. SVL
|
||
<quantity id="A905B9B84143AF4CFF2AFE36FF0AFE2A" box="[151,254,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.91" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" unit="mm" value="39.1">39.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; for other measurements see
|
||
<tableCitation id="237F21E64143AF4CFDFCFE36FD62FE2A" box="[577,662,475,501]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[152,244,1216,1240]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric measurements of holotype and two paratypes of Gephyromantis corvus bakilana ssp. nov. M, male; F, female; HT, holotype; PT, paratype. See Materials and Methods for other abbreviations." pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
. Body somewhat stout; head longer than wide, slightly narrower than body; snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views; nostrils directed laterally, much nearer to tip of snout than to eye; canthus rostralis well defined, straight; loreal region concave; tympanum distinct, rounded, its horizontal diameter 60% of eye diameter; supratympanic fold distinct, regularly curved from eye to posterior edge of tympanum, then running straight towards forelimb insertion; tongue ovoid, distinctly bifid posteriorly; vomerine teeth present as two distinct rounded aggregations posteromedially from choanae; choanae rounded; maxillary teeth present. Vocal sacs on throat clearly recognizable as distinct lateral skin folds, the right sac partly distended, the left sac not distended. Arms slender; subarticular tubercles single; paired outer and unpaired inner metacarpal tubercles present and distinct; fingers without webbing; finger disks triangular, distinctly enlarged; nuptial pads absent. Hind limbs slender; tibiotarsal articulation reaching between nostrils and snout tip when hindlimbs are adpressed along body; lateral metatarsalia partly connected; inner metatarsal tubercle distinct, outer metatarsal tubercle small but distinct; webbing of foot 1(1), 2i(1.5), 2e(1), 3i(2), 3e(1.25), 4i(2.5), 4e(2.25), 5(1). Skin distinctly granular on dorsum, with a series of irregular longitudinal rows of tubercles and discontinuous ridges. Ventrally, smooth on throat and chest and finely granular on belly. Femoral macrogland (“Type 2”, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A6C69AC4143AF4CFC68FC42FB64FC16" author="Glaw, F. & Vences, M. & Gossmann, V." box="[981,1168,943,969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" pagination="1135 - 1154" refId="ref8553" refString="Glaw, F., Vences, M. & Gossmann, V. (2000) A new species of Mantidactylus (subgenus Guibemantis) from Madagascar, with a comparative survey of internal femoral gland structure in the genus (Amphibia: Ranidae: Mantellinae). Journal of Natural History, 34, 1135 - 1154. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930050020140" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Glaw
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4143AF4CFBA5FC42FBA4FC16" box="[1048,1104,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) distinctly recognizable in internal and external view, containing ca. 45 single gland granules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E42145D4143AF4CFF7AFC1AFC80FB1A" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">
|
||
After 7 years in ethanol (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6C608D84143AF4CFE5DFC1AFDD0FBCE" box="[480,548,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1072,1096]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,184,1046]" captionTargetId="figure-21@11.[151,1436,181,1048]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Preserved holotype of Gephyromantis (Phylacomantis) corvus bakilana ssp. nov. (ZSM 63/2016; MSZC 202) in dorsal and ventral views." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11101646" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11101646/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
), dorsum almost uniformly brown, washed with some poorly contrasted darker and lighter tones. Upper and (more distinctly) lower lip with alternating light and dark bars (the light bars distinctly narrower). Hindlimbs dorsally brown with 4–5 dark brown crossbands on shank and thigh. Flanks dark brown with whitish spotting. Belly cream with irregular brown mottling. Vocal sacs blackish-gray. In life (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6C608D84143AF4CFABBFB8EFABFFBA2" box="[1286,1355,1122,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,189,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-41@10.[151,1436,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photographs of type specimens of Gephyromantis (Phylacomantis) corvus bakilana ssp. nov. in dorsolateral and ventral views in life.A, B, male holotype ZSM 63/2016 (MSZC 202) fromAndranonafindra forest. C, female paratype UADBA- MSZC 223 from Irogno forest; D, female paratype ZSM 64/2016 (MSZC 227) from Irogno forest; E, F paratype ZSM 505/2009 (DRV 5801) from near the Makira Reserve (western slope). Photographs not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11101642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11101642/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), color was similar, with a predominance of dark brown color dorsally and ventrally. Eyes had a grayish brown iris, with a vertical dark brown bar medially both in its upper and lower half.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E42145D4143AF4CFF7AFB22FB70FA8A" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4143AF4CFF7AFB22FEDBFB37" box="[199,303,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
. The
|
||
<specimenCount id="78FBDFD44143AF4CFECBFB22FE02FB36" box="[374,502,1231,1257]" count="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" type="female">two female</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="B146AAFF4143AF4CFDBDFB22FD9FFB36" box="[512,619,1231,1257]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
for which measurements are available agree morphologically with the male
|
||
<typeStatus id="B146AAFF4143AF4CFF69FB1EFEC2FAD2" box="[212,310,1267,1293]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="237F21E64143AF4CFEFAFB1EFE6FFAD2" box="[327,411,1267,1293]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[152,244,1216,1240]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphometric measurements of holotype and two paratypes of Gephyromantis corvus bakilana ssp. nov. M, male; F, female; HT, holotype; PT, paratype. See Materials and Methods for other abbreviations." pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
), but are slightly smaller (SVL 38.0–38.5 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="A905B9B84143AF4CFC27FB1EFBF6FAD2" box="[922,1026,1267,1293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.91" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" unit="mm" value="39.1">39.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
); they lack femoral glands and vocal sacs. In life, all
|
||
<specimenCount id="78FBDFD44143AF4CFEFBFAFAFE1BFAEE" box="[326,495,1303,1329]" count="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">three paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6C608D84143AF4CFE43FAFAFDCBFAEE" box="[510,575,1302,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,189,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-41@10.[151,1436,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photographs of type specimens of Gephyromantis (Phylacomantis) corvus bakilana ssp. nov. in dorsolateral and ventral views in life.A, B, male holotype ZSM 63/2016 (MSZC 202) fromAndranonafindra forest. C, female paratype UADBA- MSZC 223 from Irogno forest; D, female paratype ZSM 64/2016 (MSZC 227) from Irogno forest; E, F paratype ZSM 505/2009 (DRV 5801) from near the Makira Reserve (western slope). Photographs not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11101642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11101642/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) had orange-brown color elements dorsally. ZSM 505/2009 from Makira had yellow color ventrally, especially in the inguinal region and on thighs and shanks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6C608D84143AF4CFB8FFAD6FB82FA8A" box="[1074,1142,1338,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1861,1885]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,189,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-41@10.[151,1436,181,1837]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Photographs of type specimens of Gephyromantis (Phylacomantis) corvus bakilana ssp. nov. in dorsolateral and ventral views in life.A, B, male holotype ZSM 63/2016 (MSZC 202) fromAndranonafindra forest. C, female paratype UADBA- MSZC 223 from Irogno forest; D, female paratype ZSM 64/2016 (MSZC 227) from Irogno forest; E, F paratype ZSM 505/2009 (DRV 5801) from near the Makira Reserve (western slope). Photographs not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11101642" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11101642/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E42145D4143AF4CFF7AFAB2FEE0FA3A" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4143AF4CFF7AFAB2FECBFAA6" box="[199,319,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The subspecies epithet is derived from the Malagasy noun “bakilana” = a “piece, scrap, morsel, or fragment”, referring to the tiny fragments of forest where populations were discovered, and also referring to the identity of a subspecies as a putative fragment of a species-level lineage. The name is used as a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E42145D4143AF4CFF7AFA02FF38F946" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4143AF4CFF7AFA02FEACF9D6" box="[199,344,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
So far known only from three localities comprised by the type series (Andranonafindra Forest, Irogno Forest, Makira west slope). None of the known localities of
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4143AF4CFC25F9FEFBCDF9F2" box="[920,1081,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">G. c. bakilana</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4143AF4CFBFCF9FEFB53F9F2" bold="true" box="[1089,1191,1555,1581]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">ssp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="F6C608D84143AF4CFB0AF9FEFB08F9F2" box="[1207,1276,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[257,1331,181,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-41@6.[256,1331,181,1763]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map of Madagascar showing collection sites of genotyped samples of Gephyromantis (Phylacomantis) used in this study. Note that the sites represent the entire known ranges of the respective species except for G. pseudoasper, which has been collected also in other sites of northern and northeastern Madagascar, for G. atsingy, which has also been recorded from Beanka, and for G. corvus, which has been recorded from the Makay massif (record in need of confirmation). Basemap shows vegetation types according to the CEPF Madagascar Vegetation Mapping Project (https://web.archive.org/web/20170615094352/http:// vegmad.org/). Colors represent the following vegetation types: light green = humid forests, red = dry deciduous forests, orange = spiny forest, light blue = western subhumid forests; light yellow = grassland." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11101634" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11101634/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) is situated in a protected area, although
|
||
<typeStatus id="B146AAFF4143AF4CFE7AF9DAFDD3F98E" box="[455,551,1591,1617]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
ZSM 505/2009 was found only
|
||
<quantity id="A905B9B84143AF4CFC22F9DBFC02F98E" box="[927,1014,1590,1617]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" unit="km" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 km</quantity>
|
||
west and south of the borders of the Makira Natural Park and therefore might be present in the reserve. The known elevational range is
|
||
<quantity id="A905B9B84143AF4CFAB0F9B6FA68F9AA" box="[1293,1436,1627,1653]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" unit="m" value="900.0" valueMax="1200.0" valueMin="600.0">600–1200 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E42145D4143AF4CFF7AF94EFDE7F866" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="5C89C84F4143AF4CFF7AF94EFE80F962" box="[199,372,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">Natural history</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="DE951E004143AF4CFE3DF94EFDFBF866" county="The Irogno" location="The forest" municipality="The" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" specimenCount="1">
|
||
At Makira, specimens were observed along a rather large rocky stream in a largely deforested area, at the western edge of the reserve, while at other nearby sites within primary rainforest, no
|
||
<typeStatus id="B146AAFF4143AF4CFB69F92AFA69F93E" box="[1236,1437,1735,1761]" isOtherTypeStatus="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">further specimens</typeStatus>
|
||
were found. At Andranonafindra, specimens were encountered in the early evening around 19–20 h along a narrow stream in an isolated valley forest fragment.
|
||
<specimenCount id="78FBDFD44143AF4CFD34F8E2FCDDF8F6" box="[649,809,1807,1833]" count="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" type="generic">One specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
(probably the
|
||
<typeStatus id="B146AAFF4143AF4CFC71F8E2FBC4F8F6" box="[972,1072,1807,1833]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) was heard calling but could not be recorded.
|
||
<location id="6B2242864143AF4CFE9AF8DEFE6EF892" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E654A54B4142AF4CFF2AFBACFDE7F866:6B2242864143AF4CFE9AF8DEFE6EF892" box="[295,410,1843,1869]" county="The Irogno" municipality="The" name="The forest" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">The forest</location>
|
||
fragment contained actively burning charcoal pits, and lies directly beside a large road built in order access the nearby hills for mining purposes.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="8E268E274143AF4CFD5BF8BAFCE6F8AE" box="[742,786,1879,1905]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">The</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
hills nearby are largely denuded of forest except a narrow riparian strip, which however harbors a moderately diverse amphibian fauna.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="87236CD14143AF4CFC40F896FB8EF84A" box="[1021,1146,1915,1941]" pageId="9" pageNumber="214">The Irogno</collectingCounty>
|
||
specimen was found on a dead tree near rocks along a river
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |