treatments-xml/data/D8/07/97/D80797C806AC577DB36BB43B75A28957.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.102360" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-2-237" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2975B4A3E5EF590DA969E70F6C6E0117" ID-ZooBank="A87192F39EFD4696B9CE3A7CA96283B6" ModsDocID="2535-0730-7-2-237" checkinTime="1688698718897" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Venegas, Pablo J., Garcia-Ayachi, Luis A., Toral, Eduardo, Malqui, Jose &amp; Ron, Santiago R." docDate="2023" docId="D80797C806AC577DB36BB43B75A28957" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 7(2): 237-251" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 7 (2)" docPubDate="2023-07-06" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.7.102360" docTitle="Osteocephalus vasquezi Venegas &amp; García-Ayachi &amp; Toral &amp; Malqui &amp; Ron 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="BFB20AB6-3458-47FF-BC55-854DE9F75DFE" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="2" id="2975B4A3E5EF590DA969E70F6C6E0117" lastPageNumber="237" masterDocId="2975B4A3E5EF590DA969E70F6C6E0117" masterDocTitle="A new species of spiny-backed tree frog, genus Osteocephalus (Anura, Hylidae), from the Yanachaga Chemillen National Park in central Peru" masterLastPageNumber="251" masterPageNumber="237" pageNumber="237" updateTime="1688699020501" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C44E92CEDF782AF766E776629817F478">A new species of spiny-backed tree frog, genus Osteocephalus (Anura, Hylidae), from the Yanachaga Chemillen National Park in central Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="47389913D76F170E90471E2079C38332">Venegas, Pablo J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DCABF5D939A54647025A6156DABF13F9">Rainforest Partnership, 4005 Guadalupe St., Austin, Texas 78751, USA &amp; Instituto Peruano de Herpetologia (IPH), Augusto Salazar Bondy 136, Urb. Higuereta, Surco, Lima, Peru &amp; Museo de Zoologia, Escuela de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre y Roca, Aptdo. 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EE3AD72C8ACEC0E0F44E6ABE7B79A28D">Garcia-Ayachi, Luis A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="84D16D0AC3324EBD86AB0D0BA28F9A49">Instituto Peruano de Herpetologia (IPH), Augusto Salazar Bondy 136, Urb. Higuereta, Surco, Lima, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="184A79045184B156759B71B8C7F3560A">Toral, Eduardo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4A40AEBBDFA5EB7B7842DF3AC57EFBB5">Museo de Zoologia, Escuela de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre y Roca, Aptdo. 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D8C421D7B6244595641C912E3623D020">Malqui, Jose</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7DEBB8117C8718B4806A6FB3DFA963EE">Instituto Peruano de Herpetologia (IPH), Augusto Salazar Bondy 136, Urb. Higuereta, Surco, Lima, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3D9CD78EE951625A36D4EA2EFEAAA933">Ron, Santiago R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2AAE253D6BBFD6F638DEA7BCDB47B15E">Museo de Zoologia, Escuela de Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre y Roca, Aptdo. 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="A2F2DA1B34743FCA54B9E7E136270974" type="email">santiago.r.ron@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<paragraph id="F8E0DDE1B51CAF8C9222C860B631EE77" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicName id="C317FB6A5733B08EFAFE064B118B173A" LSID="https://zoobank.org/BFB20AB6-3458-47FF-BC55-854DE9F75DFE" authority="Venegas &amp; García-Ayachi &amp; Toral &amp; Malqui &amp; Ron, 2023" authorityName="Venegas &amp; García-Ayachi &amp; Toral &amp; Malqui &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi" status="sp. nov.">Osteocephalus vasquezi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7B2E842DDFFA33DACE4FBB916410D68E" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6FE378798792B64B163186D3DDC830AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" type="description">
<paragraph id="8F7BF759293953E7D04E5C79AE4E8EF5" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<figureCitation id="5EB10F0E68B785975052CDB1FA92EC1C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dorsolateral and ventral views of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. A, B. Dorsolateral and ventral view of holotype CORBIDI 7284, SVL = 51.4 mm; C, D. Dorsolateral and ventral view of adult male, CORBIDI 7285, SVL = 40.8 mm; E, F. Dorsolateral and ventral view of adult female CORBIDI 7280, SVL = 65.9 mm; G. Dorsolateral view of a recently metamorphosed CORBIDI 7304, SVL = 13 mm; H. Dorsolateral view of tadpole in stage 42. Photographs by P. J. Venegas." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873811" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Figs 2</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="34BC6BD7909D2AC64F1964432788B7B5" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Ventral views of right hand and foot of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. holotype (CORBIDI 7284). Scale bar: 10 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873813" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">, 4</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="2D484D9475E683B13E96C0188753DDA1" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Preserved specimens of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. showing variation in dorsal and ventral pattern. Left to right, first row: CORBIDI 7271 (female), 7280 (female), 7274, 7276, and the holotype 7284 (males); second row CORBIDI 7277, 7278, 7279, 7281, 7283 (males); third row: CORBIDI 7271 (female), 7280 (female), 7274, 7276, and the holotype 7284 (males); fourth row: CORBIDI 7277, 7278, 7279, 7281, 7283 (males). All specimens are shown at the same scale." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873814" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">, 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="FDAB4546591FA9FED269E9FF715A2950" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Preserved tadpoles of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. and O. mimeticus. A-D. Osteocephalus vasquezi stage 33, CORBIDI 24671; E-H. O. mimeticus, stage 33, CORBIDI 24672. A, E. Dorsal view; B, F. Lateral view; C, G. Ventral view; D, H. Oral apparatus. Photographs of O. vasquezi by E. Toral and O. mimeticus of L. Garcia-Ayachi." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873815" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">, 6A-D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="204BBBE071A1FACD06B8EF4B026A0224" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" type="type material">
<paragraph id="B6C6DF7827788277FD93F681456A99C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8FCCB09C690760F99A44EE96ED073276" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="39462F758166F4DD5C6ECB2D11790EBD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Holotype.</emphasis>
Peru • Adult male; Pasco department, Oxapampa province, National Park Yanachaga 
<normalizedToken id="310EEA5C9407D915512C628B71A295B3" originalValue="Chemillén">Chemillen</normalizedToken>
, Quebrada Honda (close to the park 
<normalizedToken id="2A50C4C6DFABD3B1C45542DA4610F386" originalValue="rangers’">rangers'</normalizedToken>
checkpoint of Huampal); 
<geoCoordinate id="53AAD646D474A86FBEB4A434BE4B117D" degrees="9" direction="south" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="53" value="-9.814722">9°48'53&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="605CA0906E2516DF471E8FDAF3B93F92" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="13" value="-75.63694">75°38'13&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
; 1000 m; 15 Aug. 2010; P.J. Venegas, V. Duran, and L. Lujan leg.; CORBIDI 7284 (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="175E01EC711D630941B1BBCFBABAA917" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dorsolateral and ventral views of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. A, B. Dorsolateral and ventral view of holotype CORBIDI 7284, SVL = 51.4 mm; C, D. Dorsolateral and ventral view of adult male, CORBIDI 7285, SVL = 40.8 mm; E, F. Dorsolateral and ventral view of adult female CORBIDI 7280, SVL = 65.9 mm; G. Dorsolateral view of a recently metamorphosed CORBIDI 7304, SVL = 13 mm; H. Dorsolateral view of tadpole in stage 42. Photographs by P. J. Venegas." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873811" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">2A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ADE1F3C2C534954A553437FEC78D00ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="EEEB5A4E20D97DC545A1646E10D78DB9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Paratypes.</emphasis>
Peru • 5 ♂♂ adults, 2 ♀♀ adults, 2 juveniles, collected with the holotype; CORBIDI 7270, 7272, 7283, 7285-86, 7271, 7280, 7304, 7438 • 3 ♂ adults, 1 ♀ subadult, collected at the same location of the holotype; 16 Aug. 2010; P.J. Venegas, V. Duran, and L. Lujan leg.; CORBIDI 7277-79, 7275 • 2 ♂♂ adults; Pasco department, Oxapampa province, Quebrada Shuler; 
<geoCoordinate id="62ED21D5803FF5D4002669B3AC4B9049" degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="22" value="-10.172778">10°10'22&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="7B20EE92721FBDC69E4C6B63FA216867" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="13" value="-75.570274">75°34'13&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
; 1050 m; 18 Aug. 2010; P.J. Venegas, L. Lujan, and C. Landauro leg.; CORBIDI 7273-74 • 2 ♂♂ adults; Pasco department, Oxapampa province, Quebrada Gallito; 
<geoCoordinate id="A1AC2E757632C44467271B78B14590B6" degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="-10.224166">10°13'27&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="D04A06BE210971C9E7AF1031CA47DF64" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="3" value="-75.58417">75°35'3&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
; 1010 m; 20 Aug. 2010; P.J. Venegas, V. Duran, and C. Landauro leg.; CORBIDI 7276, 7282 • 1 ♂ adult; Pasco department, Oxapampa province, Trocha Colonos; 
<geoCoordinate id="D662DFFC23783A65053EF0E8F6ECBA2A" degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="03" value="-10.184167">10°11'03&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="668E24759C5EC09446949DFC6395B45B" degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="-75.574165">75°34'27&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
; 1050 m; 27 Aug. 2010; P.J. Venegas, V. Duran, L. Lujan, and C. Landauro leg.; CORBIDI 7281.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="31414E522274C1C3B567F5011785CC0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" type="definition">
<paragraph id="EF80BA58404A0C258C5753A468967A10" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Definition.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A341465FD98A8FDC7706DB6BE76CFAF1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicName id="FA88313242B4D8E41095FDEB95781CE9" authorityName="Venegas &amp; García-Ayachi &amp; Toral &amp; Malqui &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="42CD00460270DE85C3BAF1B43779082A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) size sexually dimorphic; maximum SVL in males 52.9 mm (
<emphasis id="9579A54A8A759C352C88AFE7A373B9E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">n</emphasis>
= 14), in females 75.5 mm (
<emphasis id="504F6D0DFCFE5426FFD6D0F764BBBEEA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">n</emphasis>
= 2); (2) skin on dorsum of breeding males bearing conical tubercles with keratinized tips, not present in non-breeding males, smooth in females; (3) skin on flanks weakly areolate in the anterior two-thirds and smooth posteriorly; (4) hand webbing formula varies from II2--3-III 
<normalizedToken id="C36A0EA8042FA21D37978E30BBC692C6" originalValue="2½">21/2</normalizedToken>
-2+IV to I basal II2---3+III3- 
<normalizedToken id="BA8193A5B3E9BD15FD3105A26F8E2539" originalValue="2½">21/2</normalizedToken>
IV; foot webbing formula varies from I1--1II1--1-III0-1-IV1--1-V to I1-2-II1-2-III2--2-IV2---1V; (5) in life, dorsum varies from brown to dark brown or orange-brown, with or without dark brown irregular marks; (6) throat brown or tan with a distinctive pattern of white irregular blotches or vermiculations, as well as tan to brown blotches on a whitish cream to creamy tan background; chest and belly cream or creamy tan with chocolate blotches or flecks; (7) cream suborbital mark indistinct, clear labial stripe distinct or faint; (8) color of dorsolateral region of flanks similar to dorsal coloration; ventrolateral region whitish cream or brownish cream with brown scattered blotches and/or vermiculations; (9) dermal roofing bones of the skull not exposed; (10) in life, bones green; (11) in life, iris dark brown with golden vermiculations or flecks; (12) vocal sacs paired, small, located laterally, behind jaw articulation; (13) in life, juveniles with red iris, dorsal surface of body and limbs dark brown (almost black) with marks or coppery with dark brown marks, without conspicuous pale elbows, knees, and heels; (14) larvae with LTRF of 3/9.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FC97697DEEFD67C1128007258D3F953F" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E926A780A8C4052FE86070FF8B720A23" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="74F8332EB282B49231D9C398965BE36B" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicName id="165B357F3D23B595DC0D152C00CB9F07" authorityName="Venegas &amp; García-Ayachi &amp; Toral &amp; Malqui &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="52D8AEBCC7F7B4AB38C5392767F9F5B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="9A585E740B0CF401F56EBA89DD773A15" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mimeticus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimeticus">
<emphasis id="A7D467508E555D2E2A6C23484C835BBC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. mimeticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="99D09B8E089F15A161D19C1F7E39C573" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mimeticus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimeticus">O. aff. mimeticus</taxonomicName>
(see 
<bibRefCitation id="D8AA40851FF163C69F8D2B8FB468498C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-022-00588-2" author="Ortiz, DA" journalOrPublisher="Molecular biology and evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" refId="B41" refString="Ortiz, DA, Hoskin, CJ, Werneck, FP, Rejaud, A, Manzi, S, Ron, SR, Fouquet, A, 2022. Historical biogeography highlights the role of Miocene landscape changes on the diversification of a clade of Amazonian tree frogs. Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-022-00588-2" title="Historical biogeography highlights the role of Miocene landscape changes on the diversification of a clade of Amazonian tree frogs. Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution: 1 - 20." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-022-00588-2" year="2022">Ortiz et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
). Both species are similar in having dark irises with golden marks (see Fig. 
<figureCitation id="7F85AE12F4D36FB3EDFA73F3DAACC200" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dorsolateral and ventral views of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. A, B. Dorsolateral and ventral view of holotype CORBIDI 7284, SVL = 51.4 mm; C, D. Dorsolateral and ventral view of adult male, CORBIDI 7285, SVL = 40.8 mm; E, F. Dorsolateral and ventral view of adult female CORBIDI 7280, SVL = 65.9 mm; G. Dorsolateral view of a recently metamorphosed CORBIDI 7304, SVL = 13 mm; H. Dorsolateral view of tadpole in stage 42. Photographs by P. J. Venegas." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873811" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">2A-F</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="5491BCB13AC347DA9962FCDEB7558C20" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dorsolateral and ventral views of adult specimens of the four most similar species to Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. A, B. Male of O. festae CORBIDI 758; C, D. Female of O. festae CORBIDI 761; E, F. Male of O. mimeticus CORBIDI 9972 from Mishquillaquillo, San Martin; G, H. Female of O. mimeticus CORBIDI 9970; I, J. Male of O. verruciger CORBIDI 9477; K, L. Female of O. verruciger CORBIDI 9525 from Cordillera de Kampankis, Loreto. Photographs A-H by P. J. Venegas and I-L by A. Catenazzi." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873812" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">3E-H</figureCitation>
). However, the new species can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="5B02A511D9BC38CA1E5B0CC897AEEE2F" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mimeticus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimeticus">
<emphasis id="904F9A7FF071E517C512F24266B9AA33" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. mimeticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a cream or creamy-tan venter with a well-defined pattern of brown chocolate blotches and flecks (venter cream, tan, or brown without marks in 
<taxonomicName id="E0AC68674C8873DB8AA8C36C00D97B38" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mimeticus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimeticus">
<emphasis id="C487E989C840593C71B17FA13ACC391E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. mimeticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Additionally, adult males of 
<taxonomicName id="96257D9E1DB9B9CA2B2A8DBC50CEF16B" baseAuthorityName="Melin" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus mimeticus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimeticus">
<emphasis id="26540A96993466BB1E359AE42EB22D67" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus mimeticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are larger than those of 
<taxonomicName id="58FEBC3D084E219BBA6F33C2616626B3" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="BA7BD7BEBDF404A839D3990F52452874" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. with non-overlapping ranges [SVL in 
<taxonomicName id="1D557DBFECA43628716FB3778F54075B" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mimeticus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimeticus">
<emphasis id="60D6B174C6BE628A83EDFA58E466DF43" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. mimeticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
58.2-67.5 mm, mean = 63.4 (
<emphasis id="868749D383E52DB56F64600C439E1B68" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">n</emphasis>
= 7), versus 40.9-52.9 mm, mean = 47.9 (
<emphasis id="F443C821E937CCB5C32049F55D03FC47" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">n</emphasis>
= 13)]. Furthermore, the tadpoles of 
<taxonomicName id="EB7028C7C34B052748295E241BBF5300" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="1820C50B3333C9AE2A5584BC95AB40A6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are strikingly different from the tadpoles of 
<taxonomicName id="2ACB394EA0F4B5F939644595B486A026" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mimeticus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimeticus">
<emphasis id="709964AB97B26FFF543A9D9DD429C50C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. mimeticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see Fig. 
<figureCitation id="F646258F82B3EE2E0FB219BD171C20BD" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Preserved tadpoles of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. and O. mimeticus. A-D. Osteocephalus vasquezi stage 33, CORBIDI 24671; E-H. O. mimeticus, stage 33, CORBIDI 24672. A, E. Dorsal view; B, F. Lateral view; C, G. Ventral view; D, H. Oral apparatus. Photographs of O. vasquezi by E. Toral and O. mimeticus of L. Garcia-Ayachi." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873815" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">6</figureCitation>
) (state of characters between parenthesis) by having: truncate snout in dorsal view (rounded), nostrils oriented dorsolaterally closer to the eyes (nostrils oriented laterally and closer to the end of snout), fins at the posterior third of tail conspicuously narrower (gently narrower), and a higher number of lower labial tooth rows LTRF = 3(3)/9 (LTRF = 2(2)/6).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9CE0F95AEA0C395F9BF8A9771F2DA722" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
Other species similar to 
<taxonomicName id="69BE1D49490733FFFAAB9821EB42293F" authorityName="Venegas &amp; García-Ayachi &amp; Toral &amp; Malqui &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="383CE1B332E5BFB6FD0CC178B579A4A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. are 
<taxonomicName id="9356E9FE0C72E6B8195E739CFF9F5604" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. festae" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festae">
<emphasis id="3D076DD24E6BECBA3D0512EED1DFAB70" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. festae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BF64D7F0FCEE372B824CF8B990A80868" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. verruciger" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verruciger">
<emphasis id="CCDC94F9171B420C1B7DCCD86B27DC36" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. verruciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation id="7AA4783BB27EA8331E10DB52D31FA878" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Dorsolateral and ventral views of adult specimens of the four most similar species to Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. A, B. Male of O. festae CORBIDI 758; C, D. Female of O. festae CORBIDI 761; E, F. Male of O. mimeticus CORBIDI 9972 from Mishquillaquillo, San Martin; G, H. Female of O. mimeticus CORBIDI 9970; I, J. Male of O. verruciger CORBIDI 9477; K, L. Female of O. verruciger CORBIDI 9525 from Cordillera de Kampankis, Loreto. Photographs A-H by P. J. Venegas and I-L by A. Catenazzi." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873812" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">3</figureCitation>
), both species of the 
<taxonomicName id="2BE5F4BA80E19D9DA5DB1F5D752C3001" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
<emphasis id="6C454D73ADA0EBC61F4EF7ACD7B00FA9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus buckleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group have predominantly dark irises, tuberculate dorsal skin, and brown dorsal coloration. Although some 
<taxonomicName id="28C0D04AF0A174BB019B1FF91C5060FA" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. festae" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festae">
<emphasis id="FE6FF324991E3F9B9139EBE963F18F34" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. festae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="02C1BC94FD57B5FFD0E58E7499895F27" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. verruciger" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verruciger">
<emphasis id="CEE8466F822B60F7736EED5185718CDF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. verruciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share with 
<taxonomicName id="66E2C4DB51F970B7C6A53CF7326ACB2F" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="5AB0391B5D7C44FCD06D7E5DD0E22423" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. a cream or brownish-cream venter with dark brown chocolate marks, they differ from 
<taxonomicName id="12D22970034A921176832FBE3C390A70" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="133B5DD6447B503F4766B7423C82DE57" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. in having a dark brown iris without bright marks and areolate flanks (iris dark brown with golden vermiculations or flecks, and smooth to weakly areolate in the anterior third of the flank in 
<taxonomicName id="C2A4807E01DA3BF22BB8C0816C0AF176" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="4FDD21BAF108545D62CA4E245601AFE9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.). Additionally, in 
<taxonomicName id="DF8703D3B50C90D290DDBEE2DFE63373" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. festae" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festae">
<emphasis id="E03D92DB423A62969FE2FC3811611A9A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. festae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="6F738BAA3F147498A8BE0DCF60E816BB" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mimeticus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimeticus">
<emphasis id="BFCD33D24A22F36BA75BBFF2B0D8F4B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. mimeticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the subocular mark is usually conspicuous, while in the new species it is faint.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6A325C42648DE33336DA7C2E45B25546" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicName id="0513D08DF27F74E1BA957C0D67F758F2" authorityName="Jungfer &amp; Hodl" authorityYear="2002" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus mutabor" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabor">
<emphasis id="C5DDB677E9FAC26F982C3DF45E63EE41" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus mutabor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D21322B8F1DABFBF28E94A61E40DE588" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. omega" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="omega">
<emphasis id="7569BDAD3D9D77A3C0CEA5202202D809" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. omega</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="107494E80FDDF66DD69682D9CCA7BD39" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. sangay" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sangay">
<emphasis id="029C778E3EB4537AACF672B3BCED40AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. sangay</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Chasiluisa, Caminer, Varela-Jaramillo &amp; Ron, 2020, from the 
<taxonomicName id="FD134B5D4A913A23887752D76AC01341" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
<emphasis id="D78D05EF56D16C114C7141022DE5ABC5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. buckleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, also have brown dorsal coloration. However, in life, irises of 
<taxonomicName id="C1688AB02780F48849CE5F4587C6D486" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mutabor" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabor">
<emphasis id="F89AB204656138300257A3C8406D417D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. mutabor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="AD75CFE2EBFD17C8135A133BA7F78F52" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. sangay" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sangay">
<emphasis id="FA13752C79B28E2C03E0338BA4E6A0F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. sangay</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are bronze with irregular black reticulations and in 
<taxonomicName id="52BAB55D1E6273B163688BAA1DC2C00D" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. omega" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="omega">
<emphasis id="B6F7AEB8B5EF17B888359609C1B477C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. omega</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are golden yellow, whereas in the new species the irises are dark brown with golden vermiculations or flecks. 
<taxonomicName id="00272506D0569FCC46E3A008762E02F9" authorityName="Jungfer &amp; Hodl" authorityYear="2002" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus mutabor" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabor">
<emphasis id="489A86B9DB29BAC74944039FBD625E76" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus mutabor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also can be readily distinguished by having a dorsal pattern of distinctive transversal stripes (absent in 
<taxonomicName id="1F0A5742320CFA77536887F6BE37AAE9" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="BF617DC4FE527761D58CC9B641BF7A04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.) and lacking dark blotches or flecks on the ventral surface. Additionally, metamorphs and juveniles of 
<taxonomicName id="F1091F06EE863CFF12599DEE21353CFD" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mutabor" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabor">
<emphasis id="1C6DA9C2E6453A7F32F64A2B7804624A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. mutabor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have green dorsal coloration (black with golden marks in 
<taxonomicName id="2F0C02D7D0D624BA5CEBBEE860375159" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="0C511FB692C425E452A3F7BBBDF4CD85" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.). Females of 
<taxonomicName id="0932A2DE3262B122293CC70BA26D58E5" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. sangay" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sangay">
<emphasis id="E2C30A8A6C7BCCF9D5C0CF69940080CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. sangay</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have scattered tubercles on dorsum, while females of 
<taxonomicName id="07C6EBEEB22576EC4864AB521E84C801" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="574EEED69E04E6A3A356CEEE44650587" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. have the skin of dorsum smooth. Although 
<taxonomicName id="4D2C978CB4F088269585B0361D0A2641" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. sangay" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sangay">
<emphasis id="83029BAC15E7F422CF1DE81EC353A3F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. sangay</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has cream or tan venter with dark brown dots, the new species can be distinguished by its distinctive pattern of white or brown irregular blotches or vermiculations on the throat.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F294862B19B5CE9514EF152480B228B" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
The ventral coloration of 
<taxonomicName id="22E6F109C0D4529BE9CE19759DEBB819" authorityName="Venegas &amp; García-Ayachi &amp; Toral &amp; Malqui &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="B8D678FB2EAD715015E03D5BD3D2832A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is shared by some individuals of 
<taxonomicName id="15C10762DB644CF3E66858E94CAE1BC4" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
<emphasis id="6B34174934A2CB7189E5CE369A52CFE6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. buckleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Boulenger, 1882, 
<taxonomicName id="6BB541226C80C650A167DA38F898E208" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. cabrerai" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrerai">
<emphasis id="2AAB1452D8B1E339EF447FBCF7099E04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. cabrerai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="21FFADD353890F5A36D07487A3864A70" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. camufatus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="camufatus">
<emphasis id="297FE0D0CD9AF5167403BB0605DEC32D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. camufatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EC92C02C23B98C2084B680401CE4BE55" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">
<emphasis id="ACCB3D6354407E4E5A8D7D01B78261E2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. cannatellai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ron, Venegas, Toral, Read, Ortiz &amp; Manzano, 2012, 
<taxonomicName id="8A4E1362A0A68372509166F8844AFBD7" authorityName="Jungfer" authorityYear="2011" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus duellmani" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duellmani">
<emphasis id="1471089BF1E7231B4EC3BB1369D7D734" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus duellmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="1A309D6BA3C3A33E7D91705EC51E45D8" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. germani" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="germani">
<emphasis id="C40EDA016F79A9C4AC1064CA59490D7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. germani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ron, Venegas, Toral, Read, Ortiz &amp; Manzano, 2012, 
<taxonomicName id="F186CE4EEAE4B9E4D3EC4C218B3B18F2" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. helenae" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="6CE7EA23A1C68AB8347D82806B3AB41F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. helenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ruthven, 1919, and 
<taxonomicName id="73201C694FBB2496D933D8DE308EE576" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vilmae" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilmae">
<emphasis id="38E1C79C7AC895A5B8BCF10BD15CDC36" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vilmae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ron, Venegas, Toral, Read, Ortiz &amp; Manzano, 2012. However, the new species can be easily distinguished, in life, in having a dark brown iris with golden vermiculations or flecks (iris varies from cream to golden or reddish golden and yellow with or without irregular reticulations in the afore listed species, except by 
<taxonomicName id="677F7DBEE86072AF39A2A80523B94E64" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. duellmani" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duellmani">
<emphasis id="5670591FE3E42B9531423A6206177A59" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. duellmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to its coloration in life is unknown). Furthermore, 
<taxonomicName id="560E4E3990D0BE0E4275BEC747B76D64" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. buckleyi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="buckleyi">
<emphasis id="6587AC83E12A8E08C8540B49A1EA4D4F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. buckleyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5F4C22FF5D6F386EED351400CC7B9BC0" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. cabrerai" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrerai">
<emphasis id="458E12C87D9BC30C551DC5FF89CEA9CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. cabrerai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="18030AB4768B6DC5FC104B1C00954060" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. camufatus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="camufatus">
<emphasis id="C454092500678E58C7B9B1DFF697AB31" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. camufatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="E579BAC7DCDCBB96A7262C0A9BD322C3" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. cannatellai" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cannatellai">
<emphasis id="ADFB6F13EB33FF68064F4813D5544933" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. cannatellai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="5AA329BA97097D535ADE581B02E2C2F9" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. helenae" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="helenae">
<emphasis id="BDF2895141571491BB1F1D3900B6D2AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. helenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="16541671C8286DB30737BBF603EF369B" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vilmae" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilmae">
<emphasis id="F0E251F69823F3249394E80DD36D4D40" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vilmae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from 
<taxonomicName id="A271FC742F3FBD0B80193E7C8C4D0AC9" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="B7A095757020348070572516938E3A2E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. in having prominent tarsal tubercles (indistinct or absent in the new species). 
<taxonomicName id="D423F5418FCA5CAB6EAA2CB3D714AB20" baseAuthorityName="Cochran &amp; Goin" baseAuthorityYear="1970" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus cabrerai" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrerai">
<emphasis id="8B235CA85750C830065ED74E36F23FF5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus cabrerai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has distinct tubercles on the lower jaw and a fringe in the outer edge of Finger IV, both characters absent in 
<taxonomicName id="2D0906918337FF36539CE2B394C3CDB8" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="617023DC5475EB037105E5CC00993917" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. The poorly known 
<taxonomicName id="BD6A5DA3336F4DFE1A83318C8BE46419" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. duellmani" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duellmani">
<emphasis id="83935EDB1B4EB3293518966C770D27D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. duellmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="0766F7877E52D35ABE22023132AA913B" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. germani" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="germani">
<emphasis id="4489C9F389DAB14934EAA57F33C28EE2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. germani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have the skin on flanks coarsely areolate or areolate, respectively, and in 
<taxonomicName id="63283667023C1A047DC3B564C19A247B" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="193A0804EE9D269F15657A6E0B7AAF26" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. only weakly areolate in the anterior third of the flank, or completely smooth. Furthermore, 
<taxonomicName id="641CE3D3938681722384C0A03F231996" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. duellmani" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duellmani">
<emphasis id="91660D8697DE5013941CF96A0FA62A72" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. duellmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="BF1A20089B0A472FDBAD07FD044B9DA5" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="B197D8962BED46544E607210E8C98B39" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. in having the dorsum shagreen (tuberculate in the new species) and a conspicuous light subocular mark (faint in 
<taxonomicName id="319FBE3BDDA145351CFE75253A481917" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="2E15F5FE4A61F2F2794C2B1A09D63150" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.). In 
<taxonomicName id="E9F88DE52CA9E54A22054B32D127BEA7" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. germani" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="germani">
<emphasis id="06D95342F65D9A790ADE0B013C9923A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. germani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the throat is cream with faint brown flecks, while in the new species is cream with brown blotches or brown with cream vermiculations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="047BDDA649CF7B8AD401DDAF071446E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
Predominantly dark brown irises are also present in 
<taxonomicName id="5A7C680A1A914E4E876BE3E4A904471E" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. alboguttatus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alboguttatus">
<emphasis id="F07C110B7F85C954736CB7A26F6E1F5B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. alboguttatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Boulenger, 1882, 
<taxonomicName id="415BF0AB05D9256B50862F3F8158DCF2" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. heyeri" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyeri">
<emphasis id="11B71F87F620A8BA034F203ADAB9437C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. heyeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lynch, 2002, 
<taxonomicName id="E011E187D5C777D856A38E3D6EC1FE12" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. melanops" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanops">
<emphasis id="C99FF756446DE2B85989ADF45963C88D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. melanops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="98CFE229C0AEE29B40BAC60F7056E7C7" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. subtilis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis id="AFC739DD06EC45BD510D94E78D24844C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Martins &amp; Cardoso, 1987. 
<taxonomicName id="9104F66A29B974A6F468F9B00EFCB54D" authorityName="Lynch" authorityYear="2002" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus heyeri" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="heyeri">
<emphasis id="E48E563780298BC2E631993246B22CA5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus heyeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="73D7B4FDD5AA716ECD7B7F10DC4D7215" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. alboguttatus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alboguttatus">
<emphasis id="FF55E07C3F400BA8960450E6D26784AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. alboguttatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily distinguished from the new species by having brown flanks with scattered white blotches (flanks whitish cream or brownish cream with dark brown blotches and vermiculations in 
<taxonomicName id="55938AF6A89D6886068A913D0A74D0F8" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="FDAD560F2F5E1F8ECEA0A2EF3DDF8EA7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.). 
<taxonomicName id="381D8C586CCA2239D2845F8D9D150877" authorityName="Martins &amp; Cardoso" authorityYear="1987" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus subtilis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis id="B38BCEE39044C02DF0790300169B42E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="B063519B2247E125A743F9C9B32B53F0" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="3C7B1BC857C9D53260B2EA7A21A64BE4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. in having the armpits, groins, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs, and shanks blue, and the iris dark brown without bright marks. 
<taxonomicName id="2CCF623A57C978D4391B995569EA99DD" authorityName="Melo-Sampaio, Ferrao &amp; Moraes" authorityYear="2021" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus melanops" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanops">
<emphasis id="EDCFD1B67C59BA952C6F0E598C334725" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus melanops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a cream to white venter, while in the new species it is cream or creamy-tan with brown chocolate blotches and flecks.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="49D4C213A87C7AFABD24D21C15400B3D" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicName id="2800EEA3E5DBCAE23F156C9DB3FF092B" authorityName="Jungfer &amp; Schiesari" authorityYear="1995" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus oophagus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oophagus">
<emphasis id="5CBAAC390C69B955A773C75BD8A3B709" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus oophagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="A5524A76816DE8384D15E25159BB0F45" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. taurinus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
<emphasis id="38DE88B29A60AFD75A4EDFF8A5A7EECE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. taurinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="6057631A2BCEC8ED79D98A3642DDCC16" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="2CC5CD5F2AD23C4510E4725EB424004C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. in having bronze to golden irises (clear in preservative) with black lines radiating from the pupil. Furthermore, 
<taxonomicName id="45601D76726CBAA2966B7B39BA7A4C20" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1862" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus taurinus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
<emphasis id="E1406B2032867BDBA130FE0A6B0D60A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus taurinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="8878651119FA681435F89ACB8A28D5B5" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="27D5198A77B188C7E8878CE014F71A36" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. in having dermal roofing bones of the skull exposed (not exposed in the new species). 
<taxonomicName id="8E182BD5836EA6F72FA38F456D267A74" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron" baseAuthorityYear="1841" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus leprieurii" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leprieurii">
<emphasis id="87308F7020B10EBC6D22AA62D8FDD0D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus leprieurii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="14D516E1BA053AD071532F58BC7DEDC3" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. yasuni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yasuni">
<emphasis id="E89CC8694BD3349130B637D2CCA46AFB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. yasuni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ron &amp; Pramuk, 1999 can be distinguished by their golden to golden brown irises with fine irregular dark venations and a broad dark brown horizontal midline. 
<taxonomicName id="2018584FAA430CCEA38BEE71D41E2046" authorityName="Ron &amp; Pramuk" authorityYear="1999" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus yasuni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yasuni">
<emphasis id="E66DD760B0145AD634079D5D9EBBE01C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus yasuni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="23CB35FE01F858A41E38C625B107205B" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="3B75C619C6E32F752B74D8485B3AABC3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. by its ventral coloration (from yellow to creamy-yellow in 
<taxonomicName id="F10DBD5A39414E66AE841C9F4867BF94" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. yasuni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yasuni">
<emphasis id="D37901BDFEE29645E48FE617C82C65DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. yasuni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. cream or brownish-cream with chocolate-brown blotches and flecks in 
<taxonomicName id="E3E3242E4487A95FADA8280517BB7D33" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="FC9DD46577A9E6A9DCAB0CBADB88FFEC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.) and the color of bones (white in 
<taxonomicName id="D1EE56626F85BBEBE8BE4EE26DF3359D" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. yasuni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yasuni">
<emphasis id="39DB6BA2C68AFE2888707FB2CA1A2745" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. yasuni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and green in 
<taxonomicName id="3A1630D1E1487054D9930594ED9516DF" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="3674EC09444EA806CC6DE2422F5F4C48" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.). Additionally, 
<taxonomicName id="3540E90A4931BEACB079A8B3C7DD5A1C" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. leprieurii" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leprieurii">
<emphasis id="5A5F11BB63FBD9E026A92692CE6ECE9A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. leprieurii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="A804221F34F917A4AF19D47D30DF4210" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. yasuni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yasuni">
<emphasis id="7FBFDDEF92964544093549DF6BD3CE60" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. yasuni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
breed in ponds and flooded areas (
<bibRefCitation id="4954D1801FE2BE4DE5C06DA040752277" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12015" author="Jungfer, K-H" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" pagination="351 - 380" refId="B22" refString="Jungfer, K-H, Faivovich, J, Padial, JM, Castroviejo-Fisher, S, Lyra, MM, Berneck, BVM, Iglesias, PP, Kok, PJR, MacCulloch, RD, Rodrigues, MT, Verdade, VK, Torres, Gastello CP, Chaparro, JC, Valdujo, PH, Reichle, S, Moravec, J, Gvozdik, V, Gagliardi-Urrutia, G, Ernst, R, De, la Riva I, Means, DB, Lima, AP, Senaris, JC, Wheeler, WC, Haddad, CFB, 2013. Systematics of spiny-backed treefrogs (Hylidae: Osteocephalus): an Amazonian puzzle. Zoologica Scripta 42: 351 - 380, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12015" title="Systematics of spiny-backed treefrogs (Hylidae: Osteocephalus): an Amazonian puzzle." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12015" volume="42" year="2013">Jungfer et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
), while the new species breeds in torrential streams.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="35552E6C8FAF44675445B93B8CAADE87" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicName id="7E01FC5CF83060D079A9FAB2B1A68891" authorityName="Moravec, Aparicio, Guerrero-Reinhard, Calderon, Jungfer &amp; Gvozdik" authorityYear="2009" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus castaneicola" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="castaneicola">
<emphasis id="CA90F23C2258CE870447E906F2305D7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus castaneicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Moravec, Aparicio, Guerrero-Reinhard, 
<normalizedToken id="5F0D4ACC75ECDFFA488EAF151115F372" originalValue="Calderón">Calderon</normalizedToken>
, Jungfer &amp; 
<normalizedToken id="EBFB5EA88775E3455C93369349067044" originalValue="Gvoždík">Gvozdik</normalizedToken>
, 2009, 
<taxonomicName id="F33F03FA5C28597E193683CC476F2032" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. deridens" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deridens">
<emphasis id="E060ED3FBACCB8445C1CF307512B4BA1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. deridens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Jungfer, Ron, Seipp &amp; 
<normalizedToken id="0591BCB84FE73910D653F2D7CF1E30E0" originalValue="Almendáriz">Almendariz</normalizedToken>
, 2000, 
<taxonomicName id="A30E54EF3A0D044300E914BD8B1434E6" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. fuscifacies" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscifacies">
<emphasis id="927F7E165593AFDECF03D181CEB215E5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. fuscifacies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Jungfer, Ron, Seipp &amp; 
<normalizedToken id="A459429960BE141F7E607DDE7FD23D8A" originalValue="Almendáriz">Almendariz</normalizedToken>
, 2000, 
<taxonomicName id="97614DE7D6C48AFB1B28B87715EF42C0" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. leoniae" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leoniae">
<emphasis id="62014BFB01F65C88E6DD6099BF8A2AEA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. leoniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Jungfer &amp; Lehr, 2001, 
<taxonomicName id="D90C59C75373CF33B7152CB795CB9068" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. planiceps" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">
<emphasis id="EDF5FE1780CA2993D797B8CC3F2EB5EC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. planiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Cope, 1874, and 
<taxonomicName id="F7F7D8F47E06FD8421DED5F1E3895E15" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vilarsi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
<emphasis id="AF5EAD8DCEB0708EC83E779EDC2C1084" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vilarsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from 
<taxonomicName id="944E77A30AACD5E6510CF03712C31988" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="961B247EF751B85D0D0FA53C1D8B9957" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (characters in parentheses) in having vocal sac single and subgular (vocal sacs paired, located above the arm and below the ear), dorsal skin not sexually dimorphic and more or less smooth in both sexes, except in 
<taxonomicName id="68B8711CB65B29121DDD7D26FA6B1701" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. planiceps" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">
<emphasis id="06E16A1AB1AA8950D28DB72C612A6FDC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. planiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="5583400AD2540AD7918E6ECEB66F4F42" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vilarsi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
<emphasis id="BA2B1BA745465644B98F2FF79322950C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vilarsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(dorsal skin sexually dimorphic, strongly tuberculate in males and smooth in females), and breeding in phytotelmata, such as leaf axils, fruit capsules, bamboo and tree holes (
<bibRefCitation id="FC2812883884FAB6E4545BCE3E2BF123" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12015" author="Jungfer, K-H" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" pagination="351 - 380" refId="B22" refString="Jungfer, K-H, Faivovich, J, Padial, JM, Castroviejo-Fisher, S, Lyra, MM, Berneck, BVM, Iglesias, PP, Kok, PJR, MacCulloch, RD, Rodrigues, MT, Verdade, VK, Torres, Gastello CP, Chaparro, JC, Valdujo, PH, Reichle, S, Moravec, J, Gvozdik, V, Gagliardi-Urrutia, G, Ernst, R, De, la Riva I, Means, DB, Lima, AP, Senaris, JC, Wheeler, WC, Haddad, CFB, 2013. Systematics of spiny-backed treefrogs (Hylidae: Osteocephalus): an Amazonian puzzle. Zoologica Scripta 42: 351 - 380, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12015" title="Systematics of spiny-backed treefrogs (Hylidae: Osteocephalus): an Amazonian puzzle." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12015" volume="42" year="2013">Jungfer et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="ECDA3BC1B8A23977C2AF8F9CA25BA281" DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8160" author="Ferrao, M" journalOrPublisher="Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" refId="B12" refString="Ferrao, M, Moravec, J, Moraes, LJCL, de, Carvalho VT, Gordo, M, Lima, AP, 2019. Rediscovery of Osteocephalus vilarsi (Anura: Hylidae): an overlooked but widespread Amazonian spiny-backed treefrog. PeerJ 7: e8160. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8160" title="Rediscovery of Osteocephalus vilarsi (Anura: Hylidae): an overlooked but widespread Amazonian spiny-backed treefrog. PeerJ 7: e 8160." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8160" year="2019">
<normalizedToken id="EA735E70E94B32F1436D45B4D383741F" originalValue="Ferrão">Ferrao</normalizedToken>
et al. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
) (breeding in torrential streams). Additionally, the dark brown iris with golden vermiculation or flecks in 
<taxonomicName id="7373B1057A808C9C2B7AE92322D34227" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="4D4D6F640975DCA7CD7AE69BFBFB79B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. differs from the iris of all species in the 
<taxonomicName id="CD5500E40E364BC601CB7DC0F0240958" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. planiceps" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">
<emphasis id="D7A8C6573CD7FA55D09A7FB5D14CC553" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. planiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. Irises are golden to bronze with fine dark reticulate or black lines radiating from the pupil in 
<taxonomicName id="10DDE58CBA64651BC698330E98A917DC" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. castaneicola" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="castaneicola">
<emphasis id="25DF3F16936A39903C2B5DF022818799" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. castaneicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="D832F5FE2C4CA57E1E6E6AC6CA4386AC" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. leoniae" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leoniae">
<emphasis id="EC253FB69CA53B4C30B3B6C1D66C286A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. leoniae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="EA94869231A86D3909817D7ABBA8B97A" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. deridens" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deridens">
<emphasis id="6A87B677365EBC770953692451936A92" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. deridens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="7E178DC09EA36AD64E79E2023087AD2D" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. fuscifacies" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuscifacies">
<emphasis id="325C9751FC857793C65389C8E0178CFB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. fuscifacies</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="3A4BB5EC5CE6CAFAB64951E536A90B60" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. planiceps" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="planiceps">
<emphasis id="8CB6E67CC1EEDB4A28BA4C38B89090E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. planiceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="7BF61C3123915D4098FE6AC21C1382D4" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vilarsi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
<emphasis id="01D8CFFB920D160FFEDEC90517F4252D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vilarsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="81A24C28BBB9F6B321F320F1F678B670" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
Of the 29 species of 
<taxonomicName id="F369CB960AB2BB58589797BE83403931" authorityName="Steindachner" authorityYear="1862" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="59C13C2758412E0F3B934CBC1E2CE4EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Frost 2022) known to the date, only the larvae of six species have been formally described (i.e., 
<taxonomicName id="E9EC88B1991315787EC0B5E151D78836" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. cabrerai" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrerai">
<emphasis id="AD0AD13864F02204A4A17D17D56F245D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. cabrerai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="490031C46FA0BB0F5ED11A96449E6FC3" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. festae" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festae">
<emphasis id="C08691CD27991D61B2966C1726309BDE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. festae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="E1829736AD0A8EC3C4723B03D6CCB7C6" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mimeticus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimeticus">
<emphasis id="9F85C87A3742AE59A1131C3FC9F3165C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. mimeticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="74A1E880EEF136BB2687B576CE96C6F6" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. oophagus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oophagus">
<emphasis id="80DE904F8FE80F43B085F2B62ABBFDF4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. oophagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="63ED718ECD80F22F7CF815D7A436C514" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. taurinus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
<emphasis id="BC42CA63ADB378D6FF11FFA46D3076B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. taurinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="BC06148A326771400488E2090713D65E" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vilarsi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
<emphasis id="38AF905D4DBE80C72C2ACF5D3B84CCCD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vilarsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="FBDFB402B7D2CD622D21188DA95587DC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1442303" author="Trueb, L" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" refId="B49" refString="Trueb, L, Duellman, WE, 1970. The systematic status and life history of Hyla verrucigera Werner. Copeia: 601-610. https://doi.org/10.2307/1442303" title="The systematic status and life history of Hyla verrucigera Werner. Copeia: 601 - 610." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1442303" year="1970">Trueb and Duellman 1970</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="804F70A058E4A1D353A4235A9BE19C0E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/156853881X00177" author="Henle, K" journalOrPublisher="Amphibia-Reptilia" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" pagination="133 - 137" refId="B17" refString="Henle, K, 1981. Argenteohyla altamazonica, ein neuer Hylide mit paarigen, lateralen Schallblasen aus Peru (Amphibia: Salientia: Hylidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 2: 133 - 137, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/156853881X00177" title="Argenteohyla altamazonica, ein neuer Hylide mit paarigen, lateralen Schallblasen aus Peru (Amphibia: Salientia: Hylidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/156853881X00177" volume="2" year="1981">Henle 1981</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="F342F13BEE1B031F05A28C6152CB0CA1" author="Hero, J-M" journalOrPublisher="Amazoniana: Limnologia et Oecologia Regionalis Systematis Fluminis Amazonas" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" pagination="201 - 262" refId="B18" refString="Hero, J-M, 1990. An illustrated key to tadpoles occurring in the Central Amazon rainforest, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Amazoniana: Limnologia et Oecologia Regionalis Systematis Fluminis Amazonas 11: 201 - 262" title="An illustrated key to tadpoles occurring in the Central Amazon rainforest, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil." volume="11" year="1990">Hero 1990</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="54698E2480B9992862C33558FCC37A19" author="Schiesari, LC" journalOrPublisher="Alytes" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" pagination="109 - 139" refId="B46" refString="Schiesari, LC, Grillitsch, B, Vogl, C, 1996. Comparative morphology of phytotelmonous and pond-dwelling larvae of four neotropical treefrog species (Anura, Hylidae, Osteocephalus oophagus, Osteocephalus taurinus, Phrynohyas resinifictrix, Phrynohyas venulosa). Alytes 13: 109 - 139" title="Comparative morphology of phytotelmonous and pond-dwelling larvae of four neotropical treefrog species (Anura, Hylidae, Osteocephalus oophagus, Osteocephalus taurinus, Phrynohyas resinifictrix, Phrynohyas venulosa)." volume="13" year="1996">Schiesari et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="5ABECBB911309E21D2B8C75EB092A317" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.70.765" author="Ron, SR" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" pagination="67 - 92" refId="B43" refString="Ron, SR, Toral, E, Venegas, PJ, Barnes, CW, 2010. Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic position of Osteocephalus festae (Anura, Hylidae) with description of its larva. ZooKeys 70: 67 - 92, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.70.765" title="Taxonomic revision and phylogenetic position of Osteocephalus festae (Anura, Hylidae) with description of its larva." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.70.765" volume="70" year="2010">Ron et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="B7A035CCF6BEF16F4038ECE973C179D0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8160" author="Ferrao, M" journalOrPublisher="Phyllomedusa: Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" refId="B12" refString="Ferrao, M, Moravec, J, Moraes, LJCL, de, Carvalho VT, Gordo, M, Lima, AP, 2019. Rediscovery of Osteocephalus vilarsi (Anura: Hylidae): an overlooked but widespread Amazonian spiny-backed treefrog. PeerJ 7: e8160. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8160" title="Rediscovery of Osteocephalus vilarsi (Anura: Hylidae): an overlooked but widespread Amazonian spiny-backed treefrog. PeerJ 7: e 8160." url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8160" year="2019">
<normalizedToken id="DD055F5AFC3721C200F414EAB33EE2FA" originalValue="Ferrão">Ferrao</normalizedToken>
et al. 2019
</bibRefCitation>
). The tadpoles of 
<taxonomicName id="9EBA007836E622680E485EA79A76BFE4" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="6D4E8956F20109C20359C59B541BDE21" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. differ from its congeners by the following characters: truncate snout in dorsal view (except for 
<taxonomicName id="D80E63EB07FE84BB76BFD475489E2726" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. oophagus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oophagus">
<emphasis id="FF966AC1E5F73C7A228AE4D22FC1F7F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. oophagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in the rest of species it is rounded), nostrils oriented dorsolaterally closer to the eyes than the end of snout (nostrils oriented laterally in the rest of species, closer to the end of snout in 
<taxonomicName id="84F8F7646FA2B39DC4D2F9D041B5ED73" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. cabrerai" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrerai">
<emphasis id="D480AAAA10FF6C2C657F5E1840D9E623" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. cabrerai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="A1D58A3D2E65DA036AE7326BD67E8D5F" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mimeticus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimeticus">
<emphasis id="3B12BD2C7813E6670751F675CAC66887" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. mimeticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="43F30A8B5B509AB36772CB8AD5A06A75" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vilarsi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
<emphasis id="5BE5EC4E896FAC814DFB618BD690C177" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vilarsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and intermediate in 
<taxonomicName id="BBCA006C5E6385A51847A1EA6C4D0234" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. taurinus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
<emphasis id="4F131C1990CA3FAECD6AFC46694BE987" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. taurinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="B82C764C541842561EEC04ADFFE32207" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. verruciger" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verruciger">
<emphasis id="132C5B96749D821A9B93248293752843" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. verruciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), fins at the posterior third of tail conspicuously narrower (except for 
<taxonomicName id="EA75CE3359E4EF24D5EA5541808EA241" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. festae" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festae">
<emphasis id="E528C2E33C652D05F580ADB6D95791E5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. festae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in the other species fins are gently narrower). Furthermore, 
<taxonomicName id="ABC1040C43B935ABD721E44CB4E82613" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="79571E35DFE15BDED566F29E746BEA13" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. has a higher number of lower labial tooth rows: LTRF = 3(3)/9 vs. LTRF = 2(2)/6(1) in 
<taxonomicName id="231ADCF33A89941913198B97FE9E608D" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. cabrerai" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabrerai">
<emphasis id="9557E5E5DF5BAC58F9B503E8EDBE6B97" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. cabrerai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 4-5/7 in 
<taxonomicName id="6CAD8379C3C85B90F95584F518115E91" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. festae" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festae">
<emphasis id="8AFF037C24E37388DD2C73D6914DF518" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. festae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 2(2)/6 in 
<taxonomicName id="41FA10F4B1ECE37731A2FE314AF655D1" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mimeticus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimeticus">
<emphasis id="1459E3BAAE9487FF1FE73EF23A6A1AD7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. mimeticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 2(2)/6 in 
<taxonomicName id="A30683C57DF171DD666BE9F29FFB78C7" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. oophagus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oophagus">
<emphasis id="108F559F81D620E3E17551B1F9229D67" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. oophagus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 2(2)/3-7(1) in 
<taxonomicName id="0090A2A689DA58CBA00E8DAC87674FAF" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. taurinus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taurinus">
<emphasis id="A1DDB67A67A24A078BE92B201097C566" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. taurinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 2(2)/5-6(1) in 
<taxonomicName id="673F4CEECC34C8A4B1284C867ABD1685" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vilarsi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vilarsi">
<emphasis id="2C85EAEEF1BF6D0A8FE91C8BCE69243B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vilarsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 2(2)/5(1) in 
<taxonomicName id="2BD6B7E16498D77A33EA2F44175E9FF9" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. verruciger" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verruciger">
<emphasis id="B6C2A4FF49096F6D91C6A62DBB1239CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. verruciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="29B7771944AFE5AD878970D3A34F7F34" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" type="description">
<paragraph id="986718F5992B3D6E986DA93132293D6C" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C2EAD9880D1001201D6F058DB8BBA898" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
Adult male (Figs 
<figureCitation id="488EB71F105F052A624880CC99222540" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Ventral views of right hand and foot of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. holotype (CORBIDI 7284). Scale bar: 10 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873813" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">4</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="F36134204A79DB5F4804648BFA7A568E" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Preserved specimens of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. showing variation in dorsal and ventral pattern. Left to right, first row: CORBIDI 7271 (female), 7280 (female), 7274, 7276, and the holotype 7284 (males); second row CORBIDI 7277, 7278, 7279, 7281, 7283 (males); third row: CORBIDI 7271 (female), 7280 (female), 7274, 7276, and the holotype 7284 (males); fourth row: CORBIDI 7277, 7278, 7279, 7281, 7283 (males). All specimens are shown at the same scale." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873814" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">5</figureCitation>
), 51.4 mm SVL, head length 15.5 mm, head width 15.5 mm, eye diameter 5.3 mm, tympanum diameter 3.1 mm, femur length 23.7 mm, tibia length 28.0 mm, foot length 22.3 mm. Head narrower than body; snout truncate in lateral and dorsal views; canthus rostralis distinct and rounded; loreal region concave; internarial area depressed; nostrils slightly protuberant, directed laterally; interorbital area flat, with scattered small tubercles, lateral margins of the frontoparietals inconspicuous through skin; eye strongly protuberant; tympanic membrane evident, slightly wider than high, separated from eye by ca. 93% of its diameter; tympanic annulus distinct. Tongue cordiform, widely attached to floor of mouth; vomerine odontophores angular, adjacent medially, posteromedial to choanae, bearing 9 and 8 (left/right) vomerine teeth; choanae with capsular shape, oblique; deflated vocal sacs distinct above the arms and below the ears.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A813D22BD224603C4021A0D64202BEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
Axillary membrane present, reaching half the arm length; ulnar tubercles absent; relative length of fingers I &lt;II &lt;IV &lt;III (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="27B92CD25A4F7BDDB0E5004BDC6146C5" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Ventral views of right hand and foot of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. holotype (CORBIDI 7284). Scale bar: 10 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873813" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">4</figureCitation>
); fingers bearing oval discs, that of Finger III about two thirds of tympanum diameter; subarticular tubercles prominent, round to ovoid except for slightly bifid distal subarticular tubercle of Finger IV; supernumerary tubercles present, distinct; palmar tubercle elongated; prepollical tubercle protuberant, elliptical; prepollex present; dark brown, keratinous nuptial excrescences covering inner surface of prepollex up to the intercalary cartilage of thumb; webbing basal between fingers I and II; webbing formula of fingers 
<emphasis id="37DCB51DFE8F78DCAE23BD519676D3B7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">II</emphasis>
2--3 
<emphasis id="898C1C707806B0490AEC5C4B15F55F99" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">III</emphasis>
3-- 
<emphasis id="72688D258042767FC1818CEF900A0629" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<normalizedToken id="BFC7C1E7030C87907D065552499097D2" originalValue="2½">21/2</normalizedToken>
IV
</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation id="DECE2C47556C619C585E84383D2B953F" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Ventral views of right hand and foot of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. holotype (CORBIDI 7284). Scale bar: 10 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873813" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F4A04C60ED91B1B816AB51854021E4DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
Small tubercles on tibiotarsal articulation; dorsal surface of tarsus covered by scattered minute keratinized conical tubercles, more abundant on outer edge; small tubercles scattered along ventrolateral edge of foot; toes bearing discs slightly wider than long, smaller than those of fingers; relative length of toes I &lt;II &lt;V &lt;III &lt;IV; outer metatarsal tubercle ill defined, small, round; inner metatarsal tubercle larger, ovoid; subarticular tubercles single, round, protuberant; supernumerary tubercles restricted to the soles; webbing formula of toes 
<emphasis id="4DC257F395118A7C59E0F69DC182B182" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">I</emphasis>
1-1+ 
<emphasis id="6342FECF2767693F02A13438E110BB73" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">II</emphasis>
1-1+ 
<emphasis id="2E5DC866F7DACBF0DF29C7F62885CB1A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">III</emphasis>
1-1+ 
<emphasis id="B8D66CCFEDCA6E7BB1D0CBEF3DCC7F82" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">IV</emphasis>
1+-1 
<emphasis id="52403D224EB2DD6FF2830347ACAE7994" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">V</emphasis>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation id="644A734E2DFF5E14B2472276C2658BB4" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Ventral views of right hand and foot of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. holotype (CORBIDI 7284). Scale bar: 10 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873813" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C2678A58166553A18028D1B9FB312CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Skin on dorsum, head, and dorsal surfaces of hindlimbs shagreen, covered by conical tubercles with keratinized tips, tubercles minute on head and limbs; skin on flanks weakly areolate; skin on venter granular; skin on ventral surfaces of head smooth, on those of thighs smooth on the anterior half and granular on the posterior half, smooth on shanks. Cloacal opening directed posteriorly at upper level of thighs; short simple cloacal sheath covering cloacal opening; round tubercles around vent and on posterior surface of proximal third of thighs.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="738611B166556761C63D969ED85C82E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" type="color of holotype in life">
<paragraph id="7FE5E5113B9F8616198D0DF9312E7EFB" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Color of holotype in life.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D3060275D091FF9E97D5C0514FE78868" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
Based on digital photographs (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="83E4E5FB11006F4918A0A9577AB27060" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dorsolateral and ventral views of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. A, B. Dorsolateral and ventral view of holotype CORBIDI 7284, SVL = 51.4 mm; C, D. Dorsolateral and ventral view of adult male, CORBIDI 7285, SVL = 40.8 mm; E, F. Dorsolateral and ventral view of adult female CORBIDI 7280, SVL = 65.9 mm; G. Dorsolateral view of a recently metamorphosed CORBIDI 7304, SVL = 13 mm; H. Dorsolateral view of tadpole in stage 42. Photographs by P. J. Venegas." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873811" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">2A, B</figureCitation>
). Dorsal surface of head dark brown, dorsum brown with dark brown irregular blotches, dorsal surfaces of limbs brown with dark brown diagonal bars; sides of head dark brown with pale lips and a thin white subocular stripe, upper flanks brown, mid- and lower-flanks dark brown with scattered vermicular white blotches. Venter light cream with chocolate blotches and flecks, more abundant on chest; throat dark brown with white vermiculations; ventral surface of limbs, palms, and soles brown. Iris dark brown with irregular golden vermiculation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EB7CF37944041E032725BB91D70F3A40" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" type="color of holotype in preservative">
<paragraph id="9D258C7C296FFC00DED985F2F2410B75" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Color of holotype in preservative.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2672B309003DDDA30B837F76BFBC1A97" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Dorsal surface of head dark brown, dorsum pale brown with dark brown irregular marks, dorsal surface of limbs pale brown with dark brown diagonal bars; sides of head dark brown with pale lips and a thin white subocular stripe, flanks dark brown with scattered vermicular white blotches. Venter dirty cream with chocolate blotches and flecks more abundant on the chest; throat brown with white vermiculations; ventral surface of limbs brownish cream, palms and soles brown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9EC1A26AC6780EF2A6466CA4A41E4CB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" type="variation">
<paragraph id="22F4E68FD164A22CE116261C959E5529" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B5FC41CE32DD176ED27A02ABD514B914" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
Variation in dorsal and ventral coloration of preserved specimens is shown in Fig. 
<figureCitation id="A33820083F3D1C6C7BAA4A7F44FB0DD0" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Preserved specimens of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. showing variation in dorsal and ventral pattern. Left to right, first row: CORBIDI 7271 (female), 7280 (female), 7274, 7276, and the holotype 7284 (males); second row CORBIDI 7277, 7278, 7279, 7281, 7283 (males); third row: CORBIDI 7271 (female), 7280 (female), 7274, 7276, and the holotype 7284 (males); fourth row: CORBIDI 7277, 7278, 7279, 7281, 7283 (males). All specimens are shown at the same scale." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873814" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">5</figureCitation>
. Dorsal background coloration varies from grayish-brown to brown or dark brown, irregular dark brown marks usually present. One specimen (CORBIDI 7276) has brownish-cream scattered blotches on dorsum; CORBIDI 7273 and 7278 have pale brown dorsum without dark marks; CORBIDI 7271 with scattered faint vermiculations on dorsum. Ventral surfaces of preserved specimens (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="6BC86D88ED432CA9535C6468EE0E25C5" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Preserved specimens of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. showing variation in dorsal and ventral pattern. Left to right, first row: CORBIDI 7271 (female), 7280 (female), 7274, 7276, and the holotype 7284 (males); second row CORBIDI 7277, 7278, 7279, 7281, 7283 (males); third row: CORBIDI 7271 (female), 7280 (female), 7274, 7276, and the holotype 7284 (males); fourth row: CORBIDI 7277, 7278, 7279, 7281, 7283 (males). All specimens are shown at the same scale." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873814" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">5</figureCitation>
) vary from light cream to dirty cream with scattered chocolate-colored blotches, spots, or flecks; one specimen (CORBIDI 7274) has a cream venter with faint blotches. Some specimens (e.g., CORBIDI 7275, 7277) have venters densely spotted, the two adult females (CORBIDI 7271, 7280) have finely reticulated venters. Throat coloration light cream with faint chocolate blotches on sides of throat (CORBIDI 7271, 7282), or light cream with scattered chocolate blotches (CORBIDI 7277, 7278, 7283, 7286), or dark brown (CORBIDI 7280, 7281) or pale brown with white vermiculations (CORBIDI 7276). Undersides of limbs vary from cream to brownish-cream. Cream-colored low tubercles on the outside edge of the forearm present only in CORBIDI 7275. The skin of the anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs and concealed surfaces of shanks is light cream or brownish-cream. The vent region is usually dark brown surrounded by a light cream edge; CORBIDI 7283 has the vent region dirty cream. Background color of flanks varies from grayish-cream to brownish-cream; some specimens (CORBIDI 7273, 7282, 7280, 7271) have a long undulating longitudinal dark brown stripe along the flanks; CORBIDI 7274 has scattered circular blotches along the flanks; the rest of the specimens have irregular dark brown or pale brown blotches along the flanks. Lateral head coloration varies from brown to dark brown. The subocular white mark varies from a thin stripe (e.g., CORBIDI 7276) to a faint blotch (e.g., CORBIDI 7272), and some specimens have little brown spots on the subocular blotch (e.g., CORBIDI 7277, 7281).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7C50671BB7C0CBB7B7CAE157D363A523" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
The only known adult females (
<emphasis id="64DF602C1F08EC6EAACD2586D223A4F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">n</emphasis>
= 2) lack tubercles on dorsum, while in males the dorsum varies between lacking tubercles (CORBIDI 7275, 7279) to having well defined tubercles with a keratinized spicule on the tip (e.g., CORBIDI 7283). The skin on the flanks is weakly areolate to areolate in the anterior one-third and smooth posteriorly. The two adult females (CORBIDI 7272, 7280) have smooth flanks. Head shape is truncate in dorsal and lateral view as in the holotype. The tympanic annulus is concealed dorsally by a supratympanic fold and is of a lighter color than the background. The distal subarticular tubercle on Finger IV is slightly bifid in all specimens. Measurements and proportions of the type series of 
<taxonomicName id="8954860CB03B9A1CCDFBFBA5FFFBE3B9" authorityName="Venegas &amp; García-Ayachi &amp; Toral &amp; Malqui &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="10DF8AF5E66AD91C031B31DDEB48A025" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. are summarized in Table 
<tableCitation id="EFFDDB2353BEC30C906DD5C5EB7B171F" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Measurements of adult Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. and O. mimeticus. Averages are followed by standard deviation and ranges. Abbreviations are: SVL = Snout-vent length; HL = Head length; HW = Head width; ED = Eye diameter; TD = Tympanum diameter; TL = Tibia length; FL = Femur length; FOOT = Foot length. All measurements are in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E1C7C7970B4D400CDC6A69A356A2BCA2" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" tableUuid="E1C7C7970B4D400CDC6A69A356A2BCA2">2</tableCitation>
. In the examined series, the largest male has a SVL of 52.9 mm and the largest female 75.5 mm; mean adult male SVL = 48.1 mm (
<emphasis id="8F868854D661ACCFDF7E7823DD9F534D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">n</emphasis>
= 14, SD = 3.86), mean adult female SVL = 70.7 mm (
<emphasis id="2223C9AB334BE4C50836768EA5D9A79C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">n</emphasis>
= 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="93A7417E5496F3FE1DDAA99234C02E63" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
Based on digital photographs of the adult specimens in life (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="B16C09FA81D06A261E530D13F93E59BF" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dorsolateral and ventral views of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. A, B. Dorsolateral and ventral view of holotype CORBIDI 7284, SVL = 51.4 mm; C, D. Dorsolateral and ventral view of adult male, CORBIDI 7285, SVL = 40.8 mm; E, F. Dorsolateral and ventral view of adult female CORBIDI 7280, SVL = 65.9 mm; G. Dorsolateral view of a recently metamorphosed CORBIDI 7304, SVL = 13 mm; H. Dorsolateral view of tadpole in stage 42. Photographs by P. J. Venegas." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873811" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">2A-F</figureCitation>
), the dorsal background color of body and limbs varies from pale brown (CORBIDI 7273) to dark brown (CORBIDI 7272) or orange-brown (CORBIDI 7270), with or without dark brown irregular marks on dorsum and dark brown or faint brown transversal bands on limbs; dorsal surface of head is darker than body in some specimens (e.g., CORBIDI 7271), sides of head are darker than body in some specimens, especially in the tympanic region; flanks are pale brown in all specimens with the upper region brownish-cream or whitish-cream with scattered dark brown irregular blotches (ill-defined in CORBIDI 7273); throat usually whitish cream with brown or dark brown irregular blotches, some specimens (e.g., CORBIDI 7280) have the throat brown with irregular white blotches; chest and belly vary from cream to whitish-cream or dirty cream with scattered brown blotches, spots, and flecks or with fine brown reticulations on the belly (e.g., CORBIDI 7272, 7271). The nuptial pad is cream or brownish cream and contrasts with the background brown color of the thumb and rest of the fingers. Iris dark brown with golden vermiculations or flecks.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3BB559F108A43DB39D19D49686DA44F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
There is significant change in color between juveniles and adults. The following description is based on a digital photograph of juvenile CORBIDI 7304 (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="EC574AD63BCEDAEF77A70D41118815D9" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dorsolateral and ventral views of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. A, B. Dorsolateral and ventral view of holotype CORBIDI 7284, SVL = 51.4 mm; C, D. Dorsolateral and ventral view of adult male, CORBIDI 7285, SVL = 40.8 mm; E, F. Dorsolateral and ventral view of adult female CORBIDI 7280, SVL = 65.9 mm; G. Dorsolateral view of a recently metamorphosed CORBIDI 7304, SVL = 13 mm; H. Dorsolateral view of tadpole in stage 42. Photographs by P. J. Venegas." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873811" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">2G</figureCitation>
). Top of head, body, and limbs dark brown (almost black) with golden marks as dorsolateral irregular stripes, from the tip of snout to the posterior end of the sacrum, scattered vermiculations, transverse bands on limbs, and golden labial marks; venter dark brown, almost black; iris bright red.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EF57C3B8E1815396E95F03F82643E3EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" type="tadpoles">
<paragraph id="6E787C48885FC23B7CEB493F09B20F74" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Tadpoles.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3CE1A23420997DC04969F7CA308FD10F" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
Tadpoles were collected at Quebrada Honda, the same location as for the holotype, on 20 August 2010. These larvae belong to the exotrophic, lotic, suctorial guild as defined by 
<bibRefCitation id="644FEA58A4F72A80A1F0D5EA57AC0E98" author="Altig, R" editor="McDiarmid, RW" journalOrPublisher="The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" pagination="24 - 51" refId="B2" refString="Altig, R, McDiarmid, RW, 1999. Body plan: development and morphology. In: McDiarmid, RW, Altig, R, Eds., Tadpoles, the Biology of Anuran Larvae. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London: 24 - 51" title="Body plan: development and morphology." volumeTitle="Tadpoles, the Biology of Anuran Larvae." year="1999">Altig and McDiarmid (1999)</bibRefCitation>
. Guild assignment was based on oral disk and body morphology. Morphometric data are provided in Table 
<tableCitation id="518BBE9E95BF1005DE51053ADBB3300C" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Measurements (in mm) of developmental stages between parentheses (sensu Gosner, 1960) of 13 tadpoles (lot CORBIDI 24671) of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. Abbreviations are: TL = total length; BL = body length; BW = Body width; BH = body height; TAL = tail length; ED = eye diameter; ODW = oral disc width; IOD = interorbital distance (measured between center pupils); IND = internarial distance (measured between centers of narial apertures); MTH = maximum tail height; TMH = tail muscle height; TMW = tail muscle width." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9DA9B7390C2807A9A7F9748CF27DE5A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" tableUuid="9DA9B7390C2807A9A7F9748CF27DE5A1">3</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A214C88585CB5B632C12373B130EC415" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
In dorsal view, a tadpole in Stage 33 (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="21234FB000481F926704C8CF968D413C" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Preserved tadpoles of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. and O. mimeticus. A-D. Osteocephalus vasquezi stage 33, CORBIDI 24671; E-H. O. mimeticus, stage 33, CORBIDI 24672. A, E. Dorsal view; B, F. Lateral view; C, G. Ventral view; D, H. Oral apparatus. Photographs of O. vasquezi by E. Toral and O. mimeticus of L. Garcia-Ayachi." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873815" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">6A-D</figureCitation>
) shows an elliptical body, widest between eye and spiracle, with a rounded snout. Eyes are relatively large (BL about 10.4 times larger than ED), separated by a distance 1.34 times the internarial distance, directed and positioned dorsolaterally, not visible in ventral view. External nares oval, located dorsolaterally, at about one fourth the distance between anterior margin of snout and anterior margin of eye.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5693C2EC9BDCF662D0FDB9A697B515F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
In profile (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="2646498C26451DE1208B30279DD586F9" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Preserved tadpoles of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. and O. mimeticus. A-D. Osteocephalus vasquezi stage 33, CORBIDI 24671; E-H. O. mimeticus, stage 33, CORBIDI 24672. A, E. Dorsal view; B, F. Lateral view; C, G. Ventral view; D, H. Oral apparatus. Photographs of O. vasquezi by E. Toral and O. mimeticus of L. Garcia-Ayachi." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873815" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">6B</figureCitation>
) body depressed (BW/BH = 1.35), flattened ventrally, snout slightly rounded. Oral disc not emarginated. Spiracle single, sinistral, inner wall free from body, its tip closer to the vent than the eye. Spiracle opening rounded, at level of the forelimbs. Tail musculature robust up to first one third, decreasing in size towards the tip of tail. Dorsal fin does not extend onto the body, slightly convex, and reaches its highest width up the half of tail. Tail tip acuminate. Ventral fin slightly convex, beginning in the tail-body junction and tapering abruptly in the last third towards the tail tip. Vent tube medial, with both walls attached directly to ventral fin, opening directed posteroventrally. Lateral line system present on: dorsal body, middle body; supraorbital, infraorbital, posterior supraorbital; and posterior infraorbital. No glands.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="63086A2271A0CF50C6B21D67454390DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
Oral disc anteroventral (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="E420AACE72E655FF7C0DA01FE66A1E7A" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Preserved tadpoles of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. and O. mimeticus. A-D. Osteocephalus vasquezi stage 33, CORBIDI 24671; E-H. O. mimeticus, stage 33, CORBIDI 24672. A, E. Dorsal view; B, F. Lateral view; C, G. Ventral view; D, H. Oral apparatus. Photographs of O. vasquezi by E. Toral and O. mimeticus of L. Garcia-Ayachi." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873815" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">6C, D</figureCitation>
); transverse width 5.6 mm; 70.86% of BW), not emarginated, LTRF 3(3)/9; papillae distributed around oral disc; tooth rows complete except for medial gap in row A3; A1 = 778, A2 = 592, A3 = 195 + 203; P1 = 267, P2 = 325, P3 = 336, P4 = 380, P5 = 323, P6 = 409, P7 = 316, P8 = 493 and P9 = 296.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A0FC8EC80F5B1DA81DD0F8CE5C7F6BC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
Based on 
<normalizedToken id="DCC87BF8424BBB83988BBAFA17F05BAA" originalValue="PJV’s">PJV's</normalizedToken>
field notes of tadpoles the color in life between stages 30 to 42 (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="92AD7BD72CFA8929A39C3C717E0A594E" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dorsolateral and ventral views of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. A, B. Dorsolateral and ventral view of holotype CORBIDI 7284, SVL = 51.4 mm; C, D. Dorsolateral and ventral view of adult male, CORBIDI 7285, SVL = 40.8 mm; E, F. Dorsolateral and ventral view of adult female CORBIDI 7280, SVL = 65.9 mm; G. Dorsolateral view of a recently metamorphosed CORBIDI 7304, SVL = 13 mm; H. Dorsolateral view of tadpole in stage 42. Photographs by P. J. Venegas." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873811" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">2H</figureCitation>
, Stage 42): dorsal surface of head, body, limbs, and base of tail light coppery with black marks, flanks and sides of tail brown, venter brown and slightly translucent, iris red. Tadpoles in stages 31, 35, and 37 have a dark brown dorsum, venter brown with the gut visible; tail musculature brown, lighter than the dorsum; fins translucent with a pale brown tone. Tadpoles in stages 39 and 40 have the same coloration as of the aforementioned stages but with a pale dorsolateral stripe on each side.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F29E1CD5810E3AF7F1C76743B9FCA64" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
Dorsum pale brown, caudal muscle beige with brown spots (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="9E7D754D969A27B606C595CCC36AE46B" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Preserved tadpoles of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. and O. mimeticus. A-D. Osteocephalus vasquezi stage 33, CORBIDI 24671; E-H. O. mimeticus, stage 33, CORBIDI 24672. A, E. Dorsal view; B, F. Lateral view; C, G. Ventral view; D, H. Oral apparatus. Photographs of O. vasquezi by E. Toral and O. mimeticus of L. Garcia-Ayachi." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873815" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">6A-C</figureCitation>
). Eyes, flanks, spiracle, vent tube, fins, and venter dark brown surrounded by transparent areas. Venter and fin transparent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9E656E67D01DA86DA55754677A712C1A" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E4FF82CF86F6E35F67DD435516B109C7" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D787C2C17E79E17B2C504951A76D3396" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<taxonomicName id="535EDC56D996A9A68E3D3487A6A234C2" authorityName="Venegas &amp; García-Ayachi &amp; Toral &amp; Malqui &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="D64D96D64F4197D2231E2CA7E35ED990" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. is only known from the type locality in Cordillera de Yanachaga, Pasco department, at elevations between 1000 and 1150 m, in the upper Amazon basin of central Peru (Fig. 
<figureCitation id="F088D67D422C237D614EDA6DC4878C83" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Records of Osteocephalus vasquezi sp. nov. (circles; type locality with a dot), O. festae (triangles), O. mimeticus (pentagons), O. aff. mimeticus (crosses), O. mutabor (diamonds) and O. verruciger (squares). Locality data from specimens deposited at the Centro de Ornitologia y Biodiversidad and Museo de Zoologia of Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador. (Suppl. material 1)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873816" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">7</figureCitation>
). This new species inhabits the premontane forest of the 
<normalizedToken id="D6F0AA7E5ECF714A058C18814BB639F8" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Huancabamba canyon. The distribution lies within the Yanachaga 
<normalizedToken id="41E80AE96B79C44AF759594207B67E85" originalValue="Chemillén">Chemillen</normalizedToken>
National Park and in the ecoregions of Selva Alta (400-1000 m) and Yungas (500-2300 m), according to 
<bibRefCitation id="DBDE4DF9440916045FBC4BC046F84FB0" author="Brack-Egg, E" journalOrPublisher="Boletin de Lima" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" pagination="57 - 70" refId="B4" refString="Brack-Egg, E, 1986. Las ecorregiones del Peru. Boletin de Lima 44: 57 - 70" title="Las ecorregiones del Peru." volume="44" year="1986">Brack-Egg (1986)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<normalizedToken id="1E5C594B24784AC3289200E919E70AC4" originalValue="Peñaherrera">Penaherrera</normalizedToken>
del Aguila (
<bibRefCitation id="887AD152ADB7EDC77A9C648B790A5008" author="Penaherrera, del Aguila C" journalOrPublisher="Instituto Geografico Nacional, Lima" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" refId="B42" refString="Penaherrera, del Aguila C, 1989. Atlas del Peru. Instituto Geografico Nacional, Lima" title="Atlas del Peru." year="1989">1989</bibRefCitation>
). All individuals were collected at night, on leaves and branches of bushes up to 2 m above the ground, along ravines in Quebrada Honda and Quebrada Shuler, both drainages of the 
<normalizedToken id="05C60386A395233143781B735EB4808F" originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Huancabamba. Sympatric amphibians were 
<taxonomicName id="43792150DAE414804D5DECEDFC7A762B" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bolitoglossa peruviana" order="Caudata" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruviana">
<emphasis id="118C34DEF895CD043F916FED61479D46" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Bolitoglossa peruviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Boulenger, 1883, 
<taxonomicName id="4A2FDDE1D8EC28E527BB4C359FFF40FE" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Amphibia" family="Leptodactylidae" genus="Leptodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptodactylus rhodonotus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhodonotus">
<emphasis id="A13FB6C9FB71D57DF10AFBF81D905C1C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Leptodactylus rhodonotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="4540A0FF07601F9830FF3BAFE5DCC58E" originalValue="Günther">Guenther</normalizedToken>
, 1869, 
<taxonomicName id="78F4CCCFE6840F8F4ECF99BC43F33537" baseAuthorityName="Jimenez de la Espada" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis diadematus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diadematus">
<emphasis id="48AB191844991E8E3FC64D44D005D043" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Pristimantis diadematus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="E2FB45B13D2B4B83139001B9C6FFCFBE" originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
de la Espada, 1875, 
<taxonomicName id="32BDF64EB86939D0D98D2C8A172C4A0E" lsidName="P. minutulus" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rank="species" species="minutulus">
<emphasis id="12F77A0E35E4DF13D51A25A922651001" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">P. minutulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Duellman &amp; Hedges, 2007, 
<taxonomicName id="5F9924B536978209E3046A64955C5BF7" authorityName="Jimenez de la Espada" authorityYear="1870" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9CB3CB36625E365433FB63BDC134BACE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Pristimantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., 
<taxonomicName id="CF0193D65BEC3FF691B06F07E3142E64" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinella leptoscelis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoscelis">Rhinella aff. leptoscelis</taxonomicName>
Boulenger, 1912, and 
<taxonomicName id="4BF04366AD33A36A4540E958F6FB0659" lsidName="R. poeppigii" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rank="species" species="poeppigii">
<emphasis id="FA3690C240A902D8BA74DB8E81816B28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">R. poeppigii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Tschudi, 1845. Recently metamorphosed juveniles of 
<taxonomicName id="E35A597E944F281EB98F48E398A232D0" authorityName="Venegas &amp; García-Ayachi &amp; Toral &amp; Malqui &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="3A936FB6F60FDC07C228A7D6F0583A31" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. were on the rocks and leaves of low bushes on the shores of Quebrada Honda on the second half of August. The ravine of Quebrada Honda has a torrential stream of clear waters and a rocky bottom. Tadpoles of 
<taxonomicName id="296AEF7DDC1FBEFF58E4F4F3EC5C26C0" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="623EA2297561C7B8E3CDC11174E98A75" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. were observed adhered to rocks, presumably with their oral disk, in the narrow and very torrential portion of Quebrada Honda and in the Huancabamba River. Tadpoles of 
<taxonomicName id="3DD77C02D9EE6CC528EFDB4B13B6D606" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1912" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinella leptoscelis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptoscelis">Rhinella aff. leptoscelis</taxonomicName>
were found in the same stream, but in lower abundance.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9070E59E2B4C86BFF2BEFA137CD8D3CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="5325CC38421D8799EAB6EB85D972A98E" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CAE6870BA374872844030483A70ABC4A" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
The specific name is a patronym for Pedro 
<normalizedToken id="8E6116945C250AE0BA73A610763D80D2" originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
Ruesta, a Peruvian forest engineer, who is a pioneer in the wildlife management in Peru. Since 1978 he has worked for the development of wildlife management and protected natural areas as a professor at the Faculty of Forestry at Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru, teaching to generations of forest engineers about wildlife management and conservation. During his academic life, Pedro 
<normalizedToken id="C7047CB9C609F9072B443131538E9367" originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
Ruesta made many contributions to the field of conservation of natural resources, advising theses and published scientific articles especially about the management of caimans and deer.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F07ADADE70A2651074189623D15C8E4C" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873811" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="0FDFF0C0FB488C17331655EBDB07F9CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="09C885C88517D7AECEED26663B1A2ACC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Dorsolateral and ventral views of 
<taxonomicName id="442725C7401C669F68837899B771164E" authorityName="Venegas &amp; García-Ayachi &amp; Toral &amp; Malqui &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="23CCA739B56B0BE97F4EE16C6C334EA1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. 
<emphasis id="F7AE9E539D7EF1823C3D57AF9C721ADF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">A, B.</emphasis>
Dorsolateral and ventral view of holotype CORBIDI 7284, SVL = 51.4 mm; 
<emphasis id="1C6532F2FC40FF4EE28F7B90375385A8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">C, D.</emphasis>
Dorsolateral and ventral view of adult male, CORBIDI 7285, SVL = 40.8 mm; 
<emphasis id="A8424E9064131D18F4CE9FED84EB5093" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">E, F.</emphasis>
Dorsolateral and ventral view of adult female CORBIDI 7280, SVL = 65.9 mm; 
<emphasis id="AFF7E25741D3EA91D7BA7CB16E53E00A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">G.</emphasis>
Dorsolateral view of a recently metamorphosed CORBIDI 7304, SVL = 13 mm; 
<emphasis id="93A3F51A8804D5D2988A6F0FF5DBEDAF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">H.</emphasis>
Dorsolateral view of tadpole in stage 42. Photographs by P.J. Venegas.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="604BD3A6C98B16B2EB0331FB295961BC" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873812" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="2A31A864CE13B2563C6A9AAE79F0585A" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="7FDF2C8F4C93383A4621037306302868" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Dorsolateral and ventral views of adult specimens of the four most similar species to 
<taxonomicName id="FBF794EFD6E12C67801D878539576038" authorityName="Venegas &amp; García-Ayachi &amp; Toral &amp; Malqui &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="41540AD35B2804C8B0C0B4B35F338A35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. 
<emphasis id="C86C9ED242A845FB86CB93492DCE7750" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">A, B.</emphasis>
Male of 
<taxonomicName id="49B549D34DDA4DF2CDEFD976D3A09409" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. festae" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festae">
<emphasis id="9AABF6E03CE3918A8D64DCC32A8AAAE6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. festae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
CORBIDI 758; 
<emphasis id="C87859C5D64318FC51798E9D169DC14D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">C, D.</emphasis>
Female of 
<taxonomicName id="3EA477DCD225AD65DE58E89D22483A84" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. festae" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festae">
<emphasis id="CA30C5A71E50DB36F88E0436DAFE7A98" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. festae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
CORBIDI 761; 
<emphasis id="A549ABBE3BD2727EEE26F01BD658DA52" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">E, F.</emphasis>
Male of 
<taxonomicName id="DF441EFBAF83AB9845EC5218406FC042" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mimeticus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimeticus">
<emphasis id="6B75F3E2DD32DFFE1D816A8065A07444" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. mimeticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
CORBIDI 9972 from Mishquillaquillo, San Martin; 
<emphasis id="759CF0D55075ACFE5B59AD57621F9D10" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">G, H.</emphasis>
Female of 
<taxonomicName id="5D1F2052067B5A5765AC7D7A0FBC1E36" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mimeticus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimeticus">
<emphasis id="5B664C6E212E5F10503573D5A283A595" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. mimeticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
CORBIDI 9970; 
<emphasis id="B1FDB18D2743A3C77EAFBAC7F2D6227D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">I, J.</emphasis>
Male of 
<taxonomicName id="08D4C55E417CEE7CB0F4A4A2B95E2AF7" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. verruciger" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verruciger">
<emphasis id="9FCE6E89E303FA19B117E0D83B2F23F2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. verruciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
CORBIDI 9477; 
<emphasis id="6F1D9F1308183D1AE7BF313D81A266DE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">K, L.</emphasis>
Female of 
<taxonomicName id="EF02F017D3FFCF2D2ED88BBFC1D1E952" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. verruciger" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verruciger">
<emphasis id="362AF2BBF9713105D28CA080344FB748" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. verruciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
CORBIDI 9525 from Cordillera de Kampankis, Loreto. Photographs 
<emphasis id="C30A1F0E76DEADA788D524F246FBCE3A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">A-H</emphasis>
by P.J. Venegas and 
<emphasis id="B9D75EB183DE970006EAEE8F1277B8CD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">I-L</emphasis>
by A. Catenazzi.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="181603C4D8BAFC31B0F029C384C34E4E" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873813" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="47482AAD44F4B18148D4C61E2C4BA696" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="72DBC75F5286B6DB68170C6FA7D44FD7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Ventral views of right hand and foot of 
<taxonomicName id="75E58787E923C119A5CD94431BE01925" authorityName="Venegas &amp; García-Ayachi &amp; Toral &amp; Malqui &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="1245E04C3064C580A92AB996A1018768" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. holotype (CORBIDI 7284). Scale bar: 10 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="C60A00C4081857C81C7DC1F9682D622A" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873814" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="A87EEA02447776291CABBBC9F9B0DE5D" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="831CB946A70B180B27F90C19E35E7EA2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Preserved specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="EB66558EE85FE39F782DABF54E763695" authorityName="Venegas &amp; García-Ayachi &amp; Toral &amp; Malqui &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="4CF88966D89E283A42225666DCD90EA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. showing variation in dorsal and ventral pattern. Left to right, first row: CORBIDI 7271 (female), 7280 (female), 7274, 7276, and the holotype 7284 (males); second row CORBIDI 7277, 7278, 7279, 7281, 7283 (males); third row: CORBIDI 7271 (female), 7280 (female), 7274, 7276, and the holotype 7284 (males); fourth row: CORBIDI 7277, 7278, 7279, 7281, 7283 (males). All specimens are shown at the same scale.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="E1C7C7970B4D400CDC6A69A356A2BCA2" ID-Table-UUID="E1C7C7970B4D400CDC6A69A356A2BCA2" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E1C7C7970B4D400CDC6A69A356A2BCA2" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" start="Table 2" startId="T2">
<paragraph id="06F0F99A5D68E8017127FCD21B10718F" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="24E27F2743D45DB92C73D367893FDACD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Table 2.</emphasis>
Measurements of adult 
<taxonomicName id="3E167DDA04A416CAB6C5967E7F4F3CFA" authorityName="Venegas &amp; García-Ayachi &amp; Toral &amp; Malqui &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="8AEBB84E69DDA6DC49C6C958E4004312" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. and 
<taxonomicName id="6F58B0D53E755355425CA5E2C87CCDEF" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mimeticus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimeticus">
<emphasis id="4F1DAE5D37E23B7DCDC7BB53F366AD24" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. mimeticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Averages are followed by standard deviation and ranges. Abbreviations are: SVL = Snout-vent length; HL = Head length; HW = Head width; ED = Eye diameter; TD = Tympanum diameter; TL = Tibia length; FL = Femur length; FOOT = Foot length. All measurements are in mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E02E50A910675FE5F3B4BBE23DBD0733" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<table id="4EFDD47F1670D52702547441DAB97AD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<tr id="39CA77E70F58564EDFA624085713977E" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<th id="08680C4D3C8D347F7AF7300FA40F911F" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="2">-</th>
<th id="39945511FAE18FA1F22F7B5378C88E22" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="834982635D8CB23A4D6393245B9E1E08" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="E1429035F6A481350727A7BBA59F2D5B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
</th>
<th id="64FC250F114F8E6BB049DA4EDB82D194" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="EA6D664C908F9CA56910EE944B437CB6" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mimeticus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimeticus">
<emphasis id="3D614D0F94BFB7174D31E864AD94F3F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. mimeticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="F70E9B7CB3D13850B972AA3DEA62BCC8" colspan="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="08D3B78280FC5647350E285D85169A32" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mimeticus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimeticus">O. aff. mimeticus</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="67FBEA5A473542FC2F5C2C7B4A0ACD21" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<th id="17952362B040F4A828FF9229CF9109FA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">male (n = 13)</th>
<th id="75DF1DAEBF2CEB23D47045B19214AC99" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">female (n = 2)</th>
<th id="AFD587DF83BE9398DC775300B1C9AF68" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">male (n = 7)</th>
<th id="43656C4F35B60C8E05A3ECCD29D0DB4D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">female (n = 5)</th>
<th id="47824ED13226AB7A8647A10180A41F65" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">male (n = 9)</th>
<th id="52F1CA0957B3D02EB4C07B6CCBEE040C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">female (n = 1)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="B904989FD94CD461C45E3DC4D5715338" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="C7B075EB4D1596FE4178070480D69552" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="EEB268CFF389BC10BD821FA8EC91EF15" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">SVL</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="3BBEDACFF1133B62A436235F2A344227" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
47.9 
<normalizedToken id="1AD8F39B902A808A76FD5AEE21A74247" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
3.9; 40.9-52.9
</td>
<td id="63D454C47AA4412A83216C29D4D32F62" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
70.8 
<normalizedToken id="3864B6678DE7DDA9706887CF0B9F5F39" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
6.8; 66.0-75.6
</td>
<td id="A64DD98DC403B565252976073E64BF14" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
63.4 
<normalizedToken id="B5DD7F52B3B1DE86020FFE50E2A30409" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
3; 58.2-67.5
</td>
<td id="322E9EB2D4DEF7B1C3DEEDA3672E009C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
72.1 
<normalizedToken id="DA592346703F3D6BD1F438B84773E5D6" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
7.01; 61.6-78.6
</td>
<td id="5AD251E747D97EC3389E3FA674BBE831" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
60.1 
<normalizedToken id="6A99135F079FE2C799B22BDA857097D4" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
6.5; 52.4-75.1
</td>
<td id="D50C31C25D2313DD87EEC992E7E00EC5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">67.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6A33FF30B84B53CA5992405F63C2BD3C" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="0AD6346E975EF84CF02F7C3C71FBD973" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="EEFBFD984F922E10FB979C145247E0D2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">HL</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="7E25260E61F0E47C31075ED98E471965" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
15.0 
<normalizedToken id="7709B51FF236B5B219C27613FF74B7FA" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.1; 12.9-16.1
</td>
<td id="0D918D3C88D995FBECEEA3A5BC5987AF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
21.4 
<normalizedToken id="6CFA1145BFE0E318D70BAD3430C2155C" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.3; 19.8-23.1
</td>
<td id="1F59BC9AB54C809D42073D2A968F04B9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
20.2 
<normalizedToken id="393990A705BEACE5E2086D4A6EC15D32" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.1; 18.4-21.9
</td>
<td id="B174E7DB1147A81FC1ECA81F4D2C050D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
31.3 
<normalizedToken id="1E865D8C6B73E3C5BF115D66CA58C0AC" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.9; 19.5-24.5
</td>
<td id="57BCF7A3C2B743BDFB52BF80C6573EA9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
19.2 
<normalizedToken id="FE86875D02CD275F27A01AC8AA165332" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.5; 17.3-22.0
</td>
<td id="507B3E4C58B76B6B22A73CE54ED5610D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">21.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7F201D7B832FF13E99C5AE4019EF7FEB" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="3D19329EF306553413DE8DC6D0F5A63A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="3D059792076FAAA6E2EA53D45CE84494" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">HW</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="50A463F63B141807942DAE0E0744D323" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
14.8 
<normalizedToken id="383B35A0B31BEA17C49CDE2DF87D95A5" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.1; 12.6-16.1
</td>
<td id="BE45E30C1A1E52C361A6821408F80C9F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
21.9 
<normalizedToken id="EB220EA7A7BEFEB8320BBA190C21C0B6" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.3; 20.2-23.5
</td>
<td id="F69DE115E85E1A5D267D0582A1009D00" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
20.7 
<normalizedToken id="626E755E5FA827A594A68440C16BE586" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1; 19.2-22.0
</td>
<td id="E83C0A86051C3F2274B4001DD635FBFC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
22.7 
<normalizedToken id="A818691731D4B85DCA3CD7949836E8FA" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.1; 20.4-25.7
</td>
<td id="E208969B8842321522C340591A3E706F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
19.2 
<normalizedToken id="C3ADA158D8F7DB7BC5DB1F840992B395" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.8; 17.2-23.0
</td>
<td id="F2825E0E8AF974D827DB65A61DBEE73C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">20.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F5B70DFD0BE481CCE5F6672748245D4D" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="10185E53658DEDA110F0A8C26FC219C8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="28A5122BDBB995083A5403B5A102DA93" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">ED</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="1126100ADAB1A256A997E312FDED62B6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
5.1 
<normalizedToken id="F511F6EDDEE67880F9284869B467ACC4" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.5; 4.5-6.1
</td>
<td id="6F540EED21B4183190E577D601528F54" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
6.6 
<normalizedToken id="4FA74AD48E85060EC468844171C2BDD1" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.7; 6.1-7.1
</td>
<td id="263A2C7E382357AEDECA1378BB3C3528" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
6.2 
<normalizedToken id="7699E2C66926CE5BC7178E2ADC03A608" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.5; 5.6-6.9
</td>
<td id="F3293FF23B19C963E544EB2CEE998DCE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
23.5 
<normalizedToken id="DF19A26DFAB34D0D9312FA3D563D5EBA" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.4; 5.6-11.4
</td>
<td id="2E05E46147866A5FCF22E131522DE948" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
6.1 
<normalizedToken id="E9F39F854E1456C6B4BA6AC32B76AB19" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.6; 5.1-6.7
</td>
<td id="20CE049982F47F1364AA74E29934AD84" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">5.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="36A329C50B901789F0EBA56B525D6AD0" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="56A2ED62E62F6189314266561DFAF17C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="1B68B653574EFE7A18EE404B3683E22D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">TD</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="3C195821F255B42ADAB8DBBDC8D42783" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
2.8 
<normalizedToken id="59BA4E7F31A1AC033A8BF6D5EFA5B532" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.2; 2.3-3.2
</td>
<td id="682542AD109CD8C41B0E7E6723CF2530" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
3.7 
<normalizedToken id="2766EC6BF1927225E709A9EEE68CC671" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.2; 3.6-3.9
</td>
<td id="0B36AFDC4FF2CB9D6518F7B9592A2D8E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
4.5 
<normalizedToken id="7B34DA322CBCCEC40012C704D6D8BF6F" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.4; 3.7-4.9
</td>
<td id="EB04A40B2EB2A5A9FDA213B983B2FC59" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
7.3 
<normalizedToken id="9C175469EE1A8AA03EDF65165A1FF00B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.4; 4.2-10.1
</td>
<td id="54F7A55BD9970DBAF6E76EE0893D8A28" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
4.2 
<normalizedToken id="FC17524943E132C1BC510E626CAA55FC" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.4; 3.6-4.6
</td>
<td id="9DD3C509C5E1C5D9F89170FFD90889AF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="09D1F579C087185A8783483B595F44FE" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="CFE7AEA8B170C486B936F89671A15E35" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="CF29921970066BEE26C9F7B5E0172C73" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">TL</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="B9741686AC95CAC8A40657BFD5350AE8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
26.1 
<normalizedToken id="245D5D9C231EA7BDD55A46A8BA201559" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.5; 22.2-29.3
</td>
<td id="EAD742D9204636F0B6FE3786A021F552" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
40.4 
<normalizedToken id="27D6E49A852F6C1AEB854016E68133DA" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
3.6; 37.9-42.9
</td>
<td id="E16F2746EBA2FA5C0CFC096612B73A5B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
34.7 
<normalizedToken id="6FA2DE0C52834C44960891E7DD083CC0" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.1; 32.0-37.3
</td>
<td id="4DA412774A021F2E31F94583A553E18C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
5.8 
<normalizedToken id="28C69740DC782B984FE076B900DD78A7" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
5.7; 35.5-50.1
</td>
<td id="FEF6783186462CAF9FC5474E4D129FDF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
32.5 
<normalizedToken id="56C52A8D5E49DB78EFCCF425F5B1D1B6" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
3.5; 29.1-39.6
</td>
<td id="85D71DE76BB625D9D2976976E96CDB11" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">39</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3F37690843FCD34170B6EEBF28424948" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="A2BE9A22D17E037DBB6DE956C1C32FB8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="18DF57089B9CF6616F7F1D9CF7D6203E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">FL</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="523D25A5509698B7F3C2D08356D65B3C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
22.7 
<normalizedToken id="93256C7F3B58E26A3F3D502F98B951E7" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.9; 19.9-25.7
</td>
<td id="160B6026F70E8F3134A88CF6CFD6A821" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
37.3 
<normalizedToken id="CDFE14E5775202AAD58E647AAC8A666A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.06; 36.6-38.1
</td>
<td id="C164BAA5278250D2D3CB2EEA66C48C53" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
27.0 
<normalizedToken id="F81B885D32EE20C4F50DB277ACDCB851" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.7; 24.9-30.0
</td>
<td id="3DBFA97D8C21BA0862CFEE0CD90C458D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
42.9 
<normalizedToken id="5B47EE19CE4EE41687B196E839387805" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
6.6; 30.1-47.3
</td>
<td id="0904D6F773D8932B392BB528D3A9D1CD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
31.0 
<normalizedToken id="89CD2CEEB03A0C48818B9E6C88066E41" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
3.2; 27.7-38.3
</td>
<td id="05DD5DF25B887E2514A9CEC589B19C63" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">36.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2F4CAEB0EEAEA0701CB8D295BEDB1CD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="F6A4DA0526FB27B610CDCA9CA37DD170" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="07677E6EE0A978B26284BA4E320D852A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">FOOT</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="68B1B9E36F7A7131BC370CFA181DBCA4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
20.9 
<normalizedToken id="3A4D01F697C80020DF43C7FA5D940280" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.9; 17.4-23.1
</td>
<td id="782452657EBAA744FD2BF42F97587CAD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
31.3 
<normalizedToken id="1966A253CC1F8B482F35757814FFAC30" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
3.5; 28.8-33.8
</td>
<td id="0687BE9ECCB5F905049F6A10350B58DD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
26.2 
<normalizedToken id="96DC40CD746219DB13FEE5D06313F107" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.2; 24.5-28.3
</td>
<td id="F295D70F206F117DBD5E5EBA8125DEA6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
72.1 
<normalizedToken id="F82F5F70E00A01DC778B573E9D95284A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
3.2; 26.5-34.5
</td>
<td id="FA95BFA22E97C09BBB86931BB7CEFE49" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
25.6 
<normalizedToken id="86DB0C5B8E2393E836025BA57B8DB7F8" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2.4; 23.5-31.5
</td>
<td id="21C6089F00FA253B66BEC6FF82FB086C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">29.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F2C51D5BD9FBB1AE1B0D2B1FAB983456" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="1C61D61E7BCD044CE2F37B701C3467F7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="628E6A11317866F66D94C116314B2841" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">HL/SVL</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="A16A0D3FF5E2899DAC057EA5F5922D94" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.3 
<normalizedToken id="84A60855503BBDC7E00C7C3975736611" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.3; 0.30-0.33
</td>
<td id="AC8A3DF19B61B5261110F49692E51527" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.3 
<normalizedToken id="ACC05CF3FBFC02AAD45A04C4266AA576" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.3; 0.30-0.31
</td>
<td id="28F423EAE4A44547C6FF3F22F2BC0DAF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.3 
<normalizedToken id="6C951757BCB66E3A587BB24C51DF7B19" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.4; 0.31-0.32
</td>
<td id="1C8D6B5615DCB13E4F3949E643492AC0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.4 
<normalizedToken id="AB91B3CF3C61F0CD89430BF47B36B583" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.3; 0.31-0.32
</td>
<td id="D1D9B473A380CC69E7D6F900D89C3FA5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.32 
<normalizedToken id="ED3A45E389CE445FF36C60484F61B5D3" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.01; 0.29-0.34
</td>
<td id="DB48083A4A233134C3667289AB75BF9B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">0.31</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7581C1930915F9DA978D269989A326BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="446201E52FEA03ED473E0F41E612DBFA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="6A9D1703ED09FCAD75A6A51D18EE5214" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">HW/SVL</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="48272FC691E55D8E9F23307BCA716A3A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.3 
<normalizedToken id="D5648F9BD81213206534BC5A7A91F6C4" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.3; 0.30-0.32
</td>
<td id="BFF55BD90F85518BEDCD72203553C0D6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.3 
<normalizedToken id="9A620A02F16599C0120BB563E647D371" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.3; 0.3-0.3
</td>
<td id="C1AA1A8A0475351B5F681A3EE7E599D8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.3 
<normalizedToken id="BD6758377E0168C371AD88C8C68CCCC4" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.3; 0.32-0.33
</td>
<td id="F831AB97135203E0FAD4271DAD509745" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.3 
<normalizedToken id="7596BD910DBC39825C2EE9AB4F10B1DC" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.3; 0.32-0.33
</td>
<td id="EA77EC5F1F789072C345108352864200" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.32 
<normalizedToken id="9663F6A4295E04ACC4CECE8663679CD6" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.01; 0.31-0.34
</td>
<td id="8FAACAE37B9BD3D9CFE397EB0CDCB20A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">0.30</td>
</tr>
<tr id="54C33F720C3EFB936E903104625750B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="D53B4D06DE561E3D80FC39239623C484" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="1523BF99B89CA84053429F7FC5CB9398" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">TD/ED</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="DF1A3F09BC47A31203B833821619EF27" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.6 
<normalizedToken id="5E43442D8EFAA96D1DADB45F17BDAABC" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.5; 0.5-0.6
</td>
<td id="04C1D4394032F2EF33B2897088B76721" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.2 
<normalizedToken id="86D38E2F22C87D7DDEA7189061ACB28B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.3; 0.5-0.6
</td>
<td id="A4B42D9BAFB7881D214D49385601FB00" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.7 
<normalizedToken id="23F044D30C460FD1E1F55D4BEB030497" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.8; 0.6-0.8
</td>
<td id="4521C7585CC04A147A9FC637F09F1999" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
39.2 
<normalizedToken id="5B6E0BC7ED9F40AC4958E84092BB68B7" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1; 0.4-1.6
</td>
<td id="868D9A9DE2C0343032D2F22D2ACDA73A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.69 
<normalizedToken id="C3674C362194933966EA0E0FCA622703" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.05; 0.61-0.78
</td>
<td id="6E5B1EECEEB1B4B561FD18BE4F6F0E86" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">0.68</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CD213765FE43E050C0D4543B6362B5C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="10E71D59EEC37560A17F57892D90EFBA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="E7D078B90286FBB05F20FC5D16C8A40D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">TL/SVL</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="73E09E1E59CE866B1DEB003A6C6678F5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.5 
<normalizedToken id="41408090727E4607B4EB4877A8B1E410" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.6; 0.5-0.6
</td>
<td id="74C4597ABA6FBF785DD77DCB13373CBA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.1 
<normalizedToken id="97F66CC5CB0B50F64005485E3C217EEC" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.5; 0.6-0.6
</td>
<td id="B8D9C3C0E7BAEC885234FB934236AB12" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.5 
<normalizedToken id="70437CA2F7D9E08207FAB02F62B0EC59" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.7; 0.5-0.6
</td>
<td id="5AE56105BA688F6E28CC5C156F0A6F9A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.3 
<normalizedToken id="89A7316BAF144776C2B5A6292E293FED" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.8; 0.6-0.7
</td>
<td id="CE282BE59E901CB46B4E96E0306373D8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.54 
<normalizedToken id="EF7CDEFFB9B6A9621E16F98BA698B12B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.02; 0.52-0.58
</td>
<td id="7ECA42461BE204636E1DE52A7C961C8E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">0.58</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D8C09EA092B1F2764FD4F7DE551E174E" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="DBB2A8826682BD806513E055A1E4BE8D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="FE866DF26534F36D0C64900FB96DE7AF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">FL/SVL</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="098106D357EF5563CE48372ED55323C2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.5 
<normalizedToken id="8180F7FA480CD17C151148CF8ECF6FBD" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.5; 0.4-0.5
</td>
<td id="BA36FA845168DD3C5DC954887CA318EC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.5 
<normalizedToken id="DB9CCFBF319AC2B42CED7254A918874B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.2; 0.5-0.6
</td>
<td id="78BA7F567B41180E8610FD83C0179FB7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.4 
<normalizedToken id="ACC408541E9A8F2277B99C2BDC76E8B3" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.6; 0.4-0.5
</td>
<td id="21BC128FDA73BAC151E6BF2DFE2FBCC5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.9 
<normalizedToken id="D929D9705F8BEE1F093E4AEA8525EB93" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.9; 0.5-0.6
</td>
<td id="ED893713C11C56ABC2247D2AC7A66499" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.52 
<normalizedToken id="583EFD3F85A9D9AE241152AB2D1C405B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.01; 0.50-0.53
</td>
<td id="C81E1FFA6A1EFDA73864DE6A66D73476" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">0.54</td>
</tr>
<tr id="02C6AB948964762A53932AD77EFBF08C" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="23E85AAF71BE59475C21F8553258A4F2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="BE05DF2DCFA115A885F7A8D540CEBC16" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">FOOT/SVL</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="A313741EDE495BDF3E6D864A9A613ABB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.4 
<normalizedToken id="9B2456A3A53D3502C488E8B1E3DB5875" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.5; 0.4-0.5
</td>
<td id="7DA071056AFEE9B174EF3CC2F39E969C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.5 
<normalizedToken id="6C8D53F889091F4557ADBF4B6EC6BF1F" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.5; 0.4-0.4
</td>
<td id="D57D70F9F084031D4D008DFD03FE4A4B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.4 
<normalizedToken id="A736A8B604641EF35C80E0E895BEBB0F" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.4; 0-39-0.43
</td>
<td id="C9D0F5C292EE2958F0D75D3538B05DF4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.6 
<normalizedToken id="D470376AFFABC3696611F28BE1D9D606" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.5; 0.43-0.44
</td>
<td id="56D9A622CA60C8FD4BBA9CFCD05F9A0A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
0.43 
<normalizedToken id="C066ECD1D126B3817551A0F93E5B94D2" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.01; 0.42-0.45
</td>
<td id="D1BF25F51979AA1C4BCF3C5C86E6FE0C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">0.44</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="9DA9B7390C2807A9A7F9748CF27DE5A1" ID-Table-UUID="9DA9B7390C2807A9A7F9748CF27DE5A1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9DA9B7390C2807A9A7F9748CF27DE5A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" start="Table 3" startId="T3">
<paragraph id="612E0DCE4272E5FDEB23EBA5320362E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="30D069D9CE98C5A444B86C92E74CD46B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Table 3.</emphasis>
Measurements (in mm) of developmental stages between parentheses (sensu Gosner, 1960) of 13 tadpoles (lot CORBIDI 24671) of 
<taxonomicName id="A2E5E85596B8EA5C35EFCD7BFB72298A" authorityName="Venegas &amp; García-Ayachi &amp; Toral &amp; Malqui &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="3EFAF4FCAC987463A0083BCAA2B45D11" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. Abbreviations are: TL = total length; BL = body length; BW = Body width; BH = body height; TAL = tail length; ED = eye diameter; ODW = oral disc width; IOD = interorbital distance (measured between center pupils); IND = internarial distance (measured between centers of narial apertures); MTH = maximum tail height; TMH = tail muscle height; TMW = tail muscle width.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="103B4BC50276DFCF9C69A7A998073C6A" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<table id="DFB47485464709826AA1950AE7E1BB75" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<tr id="4291C70FE692187CD3095EDBCCE40D7C" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<th id="103276DC908D27D99C8D957B3E1AC4DB" colspan="14" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">Stage</th>
</tr>
<tr id="5EC56E310314B8A3FA5E3AE368DADB0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<th id="B3CAD8B0D946D9F6309E77743DD9F5CB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">Variable</th>
<th id="B52B2432FA509F1DF26B6C57FB36A0E4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">A (25)</th>
<th id="3F05EA78DDB5EB034BB08F0DCA8B51A3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">B (29)</th>
<th id="634DB10CD05FE8FBF1495D45D4349795" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">C (30)</th>
<th id="025B68606FC82BEE639598ADCF13AB28" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">D (31)</th>
<th id="D77DEA6636AFB65BFFC6C5A2DE892842" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">E (33)</th>
<th id="4902B84025245EB2947F5AE4627AC7FC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">F (34)</th>
<th id="077EDDBB43EC1CE74E91EBC8377B59FA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">G (35)</th>
<th id="8C2C30BA0178CF63DAEF9981C79B1322" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">H (36)</th>
<th id="D2A319BB2D01EE9F6B26436E365784A3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">I (37)</th>
<th id="3E54B21BA2767805E1E841A3E4AA3390" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">J (38)</th>
<th id="787C4BD9904C11FFCD84F0088450D67B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">K (39)</th>
<th id="378665DE9E730C37FE5CF3BBF3A5B3DB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">L (40)</th>
<th id="4D02A71923E7687677A1EFA925C07929" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">M (42)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="0BB0B9F606A989B430EF507C6CA727F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="1349C903D81F80309FA3F34E95CB6369" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="D3F8ECBA3E1A2AAC46E9ADC96B1D7DFC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">TL</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="A7B811D4BF0C8E339DE529A2556C2444" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">23.8</td>
<td id="340CBE929621D6E7738018920EE46726" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">28.4</td>
<td id="E2BCA4E14A506DD597B281398EDD34E3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">29.6</td>
<td id="A4891E51619770C6FA54C8A19A4705B3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">32.4</td>
<td id="DD0F862DAFEFA2829FD02735AE6D9DF0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">36.1</td>
<td id="4B4EE5486FAC9B11C43E6B674DE14D01" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">34.4</td>
<td id="FE718A33875D98D545C9476B11B2FD8E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">35.4</td>
<td id="EAEAF8071F5BD49EF75BEAAE4364C0A9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">37.9</td>
<td id="7FF20CE4EF9EA408CCFC52F32E233AE9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">38.7</td>
<td id="B1FE60D87C8306C8EB5A9449C8467FBA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">36.8</td>
<td id="4ABBA4D9CF9774B8846A5231D0157450" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">39.6</td>
<td id="F3A838EA17A5E3BF1313C7B7F951C8FE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">39.7</td>
<td id="5C5A47BA017C05F8F854074F531AF4EC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">41.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="11F975338948B1A3B45F8EB5A00F655B" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="199694DA7A643DC1F68FE62CF4CC3F07" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="235EEBFFD1FE5F7F8735C5CB932CA544" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">BL</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="38C33B02BF02BDAF9EA626C3A2EF77EA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">8.3</td>
<td id="1C232840080F010E9509B9C61AA6DE3C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">10.7</td>
<td id="2C9BAE743680A110F6BE76FDE602C248" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">10.7</td>
<td id="84E6DF8603C30E5AF1725F2C18F49576" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">11.6</td>
<td id="389CA4252C80254FBE361100C9305447" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">12.4</td>
<td id="071B1FADFB5A042C2514889FFA06C47B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">12.8</td>
<td id="97ED0722934079AF77193AEEE0A45615" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">12.7</td>
<td id="588C89483F9E424E63C7C137A92DE4F5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">13.2</td>
<td id="5FBC5D32D6E13358DF4A7515CF42D613" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">13.9</td>
<td id="4EE62BB48A1E44A9E70EAFD10EE3B07A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">13.8</td>
<td id="0631CFA652D422B95275DB9CECC45F98" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">14.1</td>
<td id="2440D7E48E0E942E05CA284ED77EC181" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">13.9</td>
<td id="B6D24D623A6B8741CDC68098ED3D0141" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">14.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35ABFEE5BCC60C99E22E4FCA83C38256" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="DD7C7B16058ADE6A8E65C3A2AAFACFDE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="C4C771106EEA5404C70178C404591732" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">BW</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="90D666A9B283CB1683B4EBD373D232E6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">5.2</td>
<td id="855B92F4E332A1518D1D9C3C61283060" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.5</td>
<td id="C54832E16E0ED2400E5189417ACA8790" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.7</td>
<td id="FFEEDCEEC3DB2E67A23194C52D97F175" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.7</td>
<td id="717D3037726CEA0AC4DD62E94F2DE76F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">7.5</td>
<td id="126BBA7E23B9F34089D08088CAAD5A9D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">7.5</td>
<td id="0D6217DF2EAC18113787F60D7A001FAF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">7.7</td>
<td id="17BE1E4B23E986D4F1B4EF40B81CE100" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">7.9</td>
<td id="14AC5E0B070E9C1CEB58CC07A2D725DC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">7.8</td>
<td id="7F815FD8B32F42CAB256C127752A2337" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">8.5</td>
<td id="75E0D0573F946424064B2B93DD179749" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">8.4</td>
<td id="DEA837F317F3070B54C2DBD4B27EE6D3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">8.3</td>
<td id="16E4F576E1B1C6A6651DEA87FE940FFB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">7.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C22AF0D535E33A20F6AD1A14D5D6CBFF" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="D810E308AE1BC05013EC650620986638" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="CCBD1EF4C038E368A5D01BB4109D642D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">BH</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="BEBE7EAB6BC632006295DF20AC4B17A1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.4</td>
<td id="E8877791C9A3FC1E8B8EDA3A8A6898E3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">4.8</td>
<td id="306B5F3824FDDC130DD4D5EA937F74DD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">4.8</td>
<td id="95DE99EC62D6543B81D62798604F8F8A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">5.3</td>
<td id="6751C34223A41412362F050B96E458E3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">5.5</td>
<td id="A004E03C38BCA821EA487BD67A3A7768" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.3</td>
<td id="898951B9BD9D71AA1D9B25BABA9978D2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.2</td>
<td id="C0ED8D4F634BC425E0A7B6A376FCEE99" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.3</td>
<td id="0BB099CB424DEFF7E4EFAC304A2A9955" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.6</td>
<td id="FD06EBE4D600D2E32188B9EA306AEB28" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.0</td>
<td id="481086F59A4B402EC21608940CEA36AD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.4</td>
<td id="C00034B622FA33703E44024D98415538" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.1</td>
<td id="73523E4E6A2F4A8E680430508BB26C3E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="039F503E81C27455F734A29FEEFFBF44" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="57A819F9C9841AAD997074E5890B28B7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="0992C9264AAB5069D52B474D9594E96E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">TAL</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="7F8AB7DDDEE5B4191F55ED2D0CB4FBD2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">15.4</td>
<td id="7142847057DECA775B3726B7FB05FCE6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">17.6</td>
<td id="B8EC507DF2338C469C34F611A3900AA2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">19.0</td>
<td id="B2B71458FD0CC4BC69A8038666E4AC65" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">20.8</td>
<td id="19F9CB19C5FAA6D8F5178FB5B4F6F773" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">23.7</td>
<td id="4770BADD86B9B136AB55A5EEA1B6A6B7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">21.6</td>
<td id="F05B43F048F2913E49639C1B0E68CA48" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">22.7</td>
<td id="0A4C7109723637CB262C70ECBC3A0863" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">24.7</td>
<td id="43FBF9C1F0ABBA9FB25D442E06A926E3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">24.8</td>
<td id="976F87EACF3EEF4147FEF86D7696B95B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">23.0</td>
<td id="D64DD77F4E53E51F43860853D93E5D65" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">25.6</td>
<td id="B52BB83E7C2E860B089ABD730861E3C8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">26.4</td>
<td id="C71E0F36AEAAAD7304AB415D1B4B2282" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">26.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0EF7B5D02DEAF7E8FA1F752C4A9AF0E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="47E37B23D61765CFDEC116FF6ADCFC4C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="CB5A9B927464AD5B609C7FF6847EB900" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">ED</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="0692BA0829DEC123B48630B0B98CB089" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">0.7</td>
<td id="C5E9C55F2CC5A1F2A9F275625C45D362" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">1.2</td>
<td id="38F83BA9D77A0BAD1FE0A601D39041A8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">1.0</td>
<td id="763FEC7D123AEE62DEF4EA21ACBD3385" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">1.1</td>
<td id="719BB282CB24EDE18D09F36B042D4740" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">1.2</td>
<td id="CCFE9BC95E675379E6D5D4EC40CF8036" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">1.5</td>
<td id="A7169FB98670F6A6AC71F889F888AF2F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">1.6</td>
<td id="8FD350A0AA80A2E3B5CE375CB5E9D1D5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">1.6</td>
<td id="1704EE31281869DF747544D041E3343C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">1.7</td>
<td id="FD7BDD7181FD22C3C016EFB80644C4B2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">1.8</td>
<td id="ED65D1E635E710552BCD37B618371761" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">1.8</td>
<td id="C2D2E31057FE491E4A12D8B57C160C6E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">1.8</td>
<td id="D990606EF9CB05E635C4B9493E39E896" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">2.2</td>
</tr>
<tr id="89E075AFD0476C1E6ECC9C2E0EA6F580" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="F99F97B5830AC3189931904527BA6C40" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="ABED429B8CED4425F5B4DDCA6A3F81C5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">ODW</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="C56CC7EB9C93DEF17B3A9A92C374EA28" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">5.2</td>
<td id="CF9CCB9DF19A5CB850A0A29B24100D21" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">5.9</td>
<td id="E20195A54983462E06CE6D3D8936730C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.0</td>
<td id="7BFF8D198D80D1385B0C1AB2DAE7A742" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.4</td>
<td id="06A0093898C0E4C779F720E3AD72E9C3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.3</td>
<td id="E9BF23E01CE6F278B3A8319C45D78F64" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.9</td>
<td id="5C3D603DE0BEFECD51DA4F929B38DCF7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">7.0</td>
<td id="9B3BC7B15363B21EC9218AE771BE7F3A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">7.2</td>
<td id="00869653B467B596CE8B891A158C7E6E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">7.6</td>
<td id="84AEAF74DFB3F0DCF333CF85AEAEB1E2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">7.8</td>
<td id="956DDA112228764047A0C2D7A11F44E9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">7.3</td>
<td id="CD5F34245A3C0C8030FF7134EE41D3EB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.6</td>
<td id="0634632C0E204E8A0A8687E7177A059B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="72CFC7720F284AD0659F48CE93C74979" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="EB035ED2B87564FEBB99EEE18477922F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="56E91318D530FE422C07B497F75E7771" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">IOD</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="33F5E736C0CA116C730999F2AF342864" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.6</td>
<td id="8240D5DF620781869B251B791CF2FCC4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">4.3</td>
<td id="04BD3B5437DE52C50E764677EF5C403E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">4.4</td>
<td id="A3465361CD6466E09344FA34601308C4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">4.8</td>
<td id="E9B8ABE8904A9F37705CB1082FD585C6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">5.2</td>
<td id="138A6B7333B678576DB4DF8315C33B96" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">5.4</td>
<td id="CF97F2987F664BB4A637D2F83FDE0B68" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">5.4</td>
<td id="EC03AE4CA97B65C127BAFC376513BDB1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">5.4</td>
<td id="6680E8511F5107B52E7BBE45D37C01D8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">5.6</td>
<td id="F14E0261F03B3D9561BB2C45D7B47B74" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">5.1</td>
<td id="D9BBCFD9E31B2A66D73C9D05D4638297" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">5.6</td>
<td id="6103B0E99E200D9ACBB79DC56365B1D3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">5.6</td>
<td id="04DBA9982E1ACE17EEAC993CE42D3A05" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E8FCEE25A940486AD7FE7AE8ED44390F" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="8F7545919F57F70ABE54B22E3107FE08" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="51AE3252877FCCC2CD2C3BE188093A8E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">IND</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="9850088F622E42918A10C422FDB59E49" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">2.8</td>
<td id="A480F84F5418ABB0906A85C4EE1C3EBD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.4</td>
<td id="D92499881503DB808BD447997E017B03" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.4</td>
<td id="D724B6FBABCE0A8CC0F5BB57F898C00B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.6</td>
<td id="6BD2EC361728B0F3A5338CFAE88BAF69" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.9</td>
<td id="44F92A4630BCBDCCFDE2A4D4142DAFF5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">4.0</td>
<td id="9A2C5DDD4EDA2C6EBFA779AFDF00DC9A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.8</td>
<td id="7F6D40F5E6CD79A66F32D3A8F4E79B2C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.9</td>
<td id="6134D94BB872E44414A10BBC8DB1E22E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">4.0</td>
<td id="3E68441AD9D1B589EB18A71B09D759C6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">4.0</td>
<td id="90EA370B4FA9075FD65D28C22392115A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">4.1</td>
<td id="79B00D3FBE449F6C509716F371A8788C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.6</td>
<td id="B1974ECD240D7F58F2757D7F8399A79D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">1.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F46360487DA7BBEDF056A90C710AC855" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="17A26EFCA99205DCE74172BA50859E0E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="C360BE08DF8C10471CBE36DEAC0EC079" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">MTH</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="CEE02F8F964DAA70E4EE7CA8B4051A33" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.7</td>
<td id="97C74488C03DF31A3A5A67FAA362A154" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">4.8</td>
<td id="4673D50ADE4D8583B36949C082470D74" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">4.8</td>
<td id="D66F7202860CE107E97A067F366C83E7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">5.3</td>
<td id="E626B8B89E9F95D115FF960B9AE8D01E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">5.8</td>
<td id="C569DF95C643F2232220927D2B52C37C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.0</td>
<td id="F64D6B0F086D0523A5CAA7E2A84AC4FA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.2</td>
<td id="588148A54ABCCD395B27B94BFDDA6E72" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">5.8</td>
<td id="832A85549D4B515C5BE0BB1F9E4A5279" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.4</td>
<td id="65C973F7E91A35E715B795DD763FAB09" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.0</td>
<td id="24DA5F6B4D9E16D94446DFC59962BE74" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.4</td>
<td id="4B1FD37BDCA8928665FBDEFCC8D53D54" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">7.0</td>
<td id="D4C11EDD4A33792C12A41120FF28B981" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">6.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="4DC4EFCE93D906EE5215687F3FA69B32" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="397AD41399EA672491C38A4B012FA6D9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="3CE8F46C22700109205E9C78AEE23B61" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">TMH</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="124E9AC3C498372D26C89D3DE358EDD5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">2.2</td>
<td id="2046F19CC94B543EEDE6D14C353D0CA5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.0</td>
<td id="AB2DF29523FA5904E139913BA677E1FE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">2.9</td>
<td id="FBC1A90644CE40AB2636A1C4092E41FE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.0</td>
<td id="822EC4F7ABDB19B9D0C34DC3F86A0EAD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.3</td>
<td id="F0FCFA0CD2F70339B55EAC195413E0FD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.4</td>
<td id="878ACD273A56B71099C5D6EE8A8BF34B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.4</td>
<td id="480942C72214CB7D0D3B5CE55C35BF1E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.6</td>
<td id="A12C5774C13E3F2C819EE0422F8B7D14" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.8</td>
<td id="28054AC2991B3475570CAB177EB5DB43" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.7</td>
<td id="5AAF8CAED9ABF9946BBEFAF961ACCB7C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.7</td>
<td id="08CC8C67AAAD9D106A48E9D0BA5C403A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.7</td>
<td id="EAF5BECC92A85687808024BD12650C22" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="26A4F21F23B4FD9661AF153ACC4EDD60" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<td id="F8326BC98C0AA1A976C2BBD7E4667B55" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">
<emphasis id="80F35C25A6A716D4E7B03F501F9D024D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">TMW</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="C387EBAEAE66F502B9451DD03102D636" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">1.8</td>
<td id="2CF4840EC47A182A9302019E10CA6A9D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">2.4</td>
<td id="A517FEDA112C294EE0CC758F79FACB60" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">2.5</td>
<td id="0577130A6429196AEC8D18F2461F06CB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">2.8</td>
<td id="01A6B173DFEBC0A93C0A7DDC28AF3731" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">2.8</td>
<td id="009AFFCE69EA0581F7918FFC1DF7EF1B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.3</td>
<td id="22BB49134FB108845E443D64BBB938A2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.1</td>
<td id="B492893CCF01D30655131DEF73DF2D9F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.2</td>
<td id="9A4931A7F595EFF8EDC5012EC3DD6BB0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.5</td>
<td id="D47362BA9B3F27885B8D9E093DA84C4C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.3</td>
<td id="1ACF1E7E0F644F662B101A7C516CD65D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.5</td>
<td id="ADF4E740711CC2C4BBE3C517C150D422" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">3.5</td>
<td id="ED12D4928F6F9E71E9D5252EB3025544" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" rowspan="1">4.2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="6C435304FC805545F4ABDB89A6B094C2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873815" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="F14A68179D7B4EA18C9B79E764D82A6D" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="4BF0EC4BDC107105D45A75B758FB7914" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Preserved tadpoles of 
<taxonomicName id="9F89F5D841673C80ECA6118C9FC88F02" authorityName="Venegas &amp; García-Ayachi &amp; Toral &amp; Malqui &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="31BC4EC476F1763A1491BC845E7FE3AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. and 
<taxonomicName id="D1EBB66FDA919C03D5B31F2C37263850" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mimeticus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimeticus">
<emphasis id="8690339EFFC22EB35EDFE045517BA319" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. mimeticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="1FD394DBF17C60143AC2BE1EBDCCEF51" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">A-D.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="38E7B87831431F373C09EDA16EC3C155" authorityName="Venegas &amp; García-Ayachi &amp; Toral &amp; Malqui &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="112D5F92DF54EE0E4EB3D2A60E2B3DD2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stage 33, CORBIDI 24671; 
<emphasis id="28C22605B1D8EB60915377E8B9C075BB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">E-H.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1C16346E53EF3E91E209C1B4095CF865" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mimeticus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimeticus">
<emphasis id="8B68F49FD0BCA2E6576B76C287B76AB3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. mimeticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, stage 33, CORBIDI 24672. 
<emphasis id="BBE12E13C52074D060F4C2DA16592155" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">A, E.</emphasis>
Dorsal view; 
<emphasis id="625A2861C5F365D967B196BAFFC4E091" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">B, F.</emphasis>
Lateral view; 
<emphasis id="5B343DDFFC378FFC28D4C7231EB42128" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">C, G</emphasis>
. Ventral view; 
<emphasis id="AF5E4AFBB8C5605931C12564F46F52E6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">D, H.</emphasis>
Oral apparatus. Photographs of 
<taxonomicName id="3BBBA0E2CD49AA20FABCD4B83502D200" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="70A5EBDE519F8CA69B002CDB765AE85E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by E. Toral and 
<taxonomicName id="328EEFF22F45627570B31415FBFDC8AA" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mimeticus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimeticus">
<emphasis id="3BE46A2FB0A33F057BFDDAED78F59AF7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. mimeticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of L. 
<normalizedToken id="561BDC2CF28C614DE9A73F5C0E4BBF83" originalValue="García-Ayachi">Garcia-Ayachi</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F95B848FC8EC25FFEE6C7902BAC3B5BF" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/873816" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph id="F0A131695F15948D20767C15E2495B0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">
<emphasis id="D932A40D4A9B1A69FEDB1BD61B8CBFF5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Records of 
<taxonomicName id="58A1FA2C309B36012E2C22DD3FBEE50D" authorityName="Venegas &amp; García-Ayachi &amp; Toral &amp; Malqui &amp; Ron" authorityYear="2023" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Osteocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osteocephalus vasquezi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vasquezi">
<emphasis id="AB209A9A52DD93D3C07B5E1F9E517B41" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">Osteocephalus vasquezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov. (circles; type locality with a dot), 
<taxonomicName id="CB5E5E5AACDD6D58A826BD02976A4891" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. festae" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="festae">
<emphasis id="182679EDE4C54AB12ABD0110D94208FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. festae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(triangles), 
<taxonomicName id="25FBD72935C6BBDF33C1A81D706C862A" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mimeticus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimeticus">
<emphasis id="35CAB5EE547FEC01D9EEE030C35E662F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. mimeticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pentagons), 
<taxonomicName id="A62EDC46DEDF8A22672B26EB77CCFBCA" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mimeticus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mimeticus">O. aff. mimeticus</taxonomicName>
(crosses), 
<taxonomicName id="1A4D57459D0E4FEFF6725DD4E98A3BE8" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. mutabor" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutabor">
<emphasis id="CD6874C77294F0F88FB0EF7C9890A3C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. mutabor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(diamonds) and 
<taxonomicName id="100CD1E5D8E419993F9CE2E2469C7B68" class="Amphibia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="O. verruciger" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="237" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verruciger">
<emphasis id="8837B738933019CF64AB4B551FB5408F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="237">O. verruciger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(squares). Locality data from specimens deposited at the Centro de Ornitologia y Biodiversidad and Museo de 
<normalizedToken id="A149240D29B6C4585794093D735516BB" originalValue="Zoología">Zoologia</normalizedToken>
of Pontificia Universidad 
<normalizedToken id="A8920222C93D8CFE6D040CFAB4C33860" originalValue="Católica">Catolica</normalizedToken>
del Ecuador. (Suppl. material 1).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>