235 lines
18 KiB
XML
235 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" ID-GBIF-Dataset="44420001-28a0-4c06-b87e-3a4621d00270" ID-PMC="PMC3118779" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-99-1" ID-PubMed="21738435" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-99-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 99" ModsDocTitle="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region" checkinTime="1451250430027" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Crews, Sarah C. & Harvey, Mark S." docDate="2011" docId="CA4DA8DC1AFCEF6876EB89D51F8CEC3B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 99: 1-103" docOrigin="ZooKeys 99" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723" docTitle="Selenopidae Simon 1897" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FFCF164DFFC1FFB8FFE86B62FFD3934E" masterDocTitle="The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1668169852460" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The spider family Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) in Australasia and the Oriental Region</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Crews, Sarah C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Harvey, Mark S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>99</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>104</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.99.723</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-99-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159365297" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CA4DA8DC1AFCEF6876EB89D51F8CEC3B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA4DA8DC1AFCEF6876EB89D51F8CEC3B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Family
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Selenopidae" authority="Simon, 1897" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1897" family="Selenopidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="family">Selenopidae Simon, 1897</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Selenopinae">Selenopinae</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Encyclopedie Roret, Paris," pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1 - 192" title="Histoire naturelle des araignees." volume="2" year="1897">Simon 1897</bibRefCitation>
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: 23. Type genus
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Selenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selenops" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Selenops</taxonomicName>
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Latreille, 1819.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="definition">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Definition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<bibRefCitation author="Benoit, PLG" journalOrPublisher="Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="113 - 141" title="Les Selenopidae africains au Nord du 17 e parallele Sud et reclassement des especes africaines de la famille (Araneae)." volume="77" year="1968">Benoit (1968)</bibRefCitation>
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clearly defined the family
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<taxonomicName family="Selenopidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="family">Selenopidae</taxonomicName>
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. Here, we revise this definition to accommodate new species and new genera within the family. All members of the
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<taxonomicName family="Selenopidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="family">Selenopidae</taxonomicName>
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are extremely dorsoventrally flattened, have two tarsal claws and laterigrade legs. They are ecribellate, entelegynes, with eight eyes in two rows; with six in the first row and two in the second row (see also
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<bibRefCitation author="Jocque, R" journalOrPublisher="ARC-PPRI, Tervuren" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" title="Spider families of the world" year="2006">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jocqué">Jocque</normalizedToken>
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and Dippenaar-Schoeman 2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName family="Selenopidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="family">Selenopidae</taxonomicName>
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are a variety of colors including various shades of grey, brown, yellow, and orange, with darker markings on the cephalothorax and spots or mottling on the abdomen, and annulations on the legs of most species. Chelicerae robust with 2 to 4 cheliceral teeth on each margin. Clypeus is low and chilum absent. Most genera have a longitudinal fovea with lateral radiations, 3 on each side. Labium wider than long, or as long as wide. Endites with dense terminal scopulae. Sternum oval to round with a posterior indentation; sternum extending between coxae IV. Six spinnerets; colulus absent. The legs are long and robust, with the tibiae and metatarsi of legs I and II with paired spines; these spines are the primary character that we use to separate genera. Tarsal scopulae present or absent in both males and females. Tarsal claws variable, prolateral claw is toothed and retrolateral claw is smooth in several species, but in several instances they are both toothed, with prolateral claw having more teeth than the retrolateral claw, or both claws can be smooth. Like in most spider groups, species of
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">selenopids</pageBreakToken>
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are differentiated by the copulatory organs, thus, the copulatory organs are variable. In many species the epigynum has a median septum and lateral lobes, however there are exceptions. Spermathecae highly sclerotized and occur in various shapes and sizes, from simple to complex (Figs 2-3). Male palps with RTA that is 2-3 branched in many species, with dorsal and ventral branches, or dorsal, median, and ventral branches (Figs 5-6, 83-84); conductor present, often sclerotized (Figs 5-6, 83-84).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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The
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<taxonomicName family="Selenopidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="family">Selenopidae</taxonomicName>
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occur worldwide and are primarily tropical and subtropical, though several species are found in deserts, and can be found from sea level to over 2500 meters.
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</paragraph>
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<subSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="key to genera of selenopidae">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Key to genera of
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<taxonomicName family="Selenopidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="family">Selenopidae</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Females (those of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Godumops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Godumops" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Godumops</taxonomicName>
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gen. n.are unknown)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<table pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Hovops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hovops" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hovops</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Selenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selenops" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Selenops</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Makdiops</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Garcorops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Garcorops" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Garcorops</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Anyphops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphops" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anyphops</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Makdiops</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName family="Selenopidae" genus="Pakawops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pakawops" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pakawops</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">Figs 1-2</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Amamanganops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amamanganops" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amamanganops</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">Fig. 4</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Siamspinops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siamspinops" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Siamspinops</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">Fig. 10Fig. 78</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Karaops</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">Males</pageBreakToken>
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(those of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Amamanganops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amamanganops" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amamanganops</taxonomicName>
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gen. n.and
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<taxonomicName family="Selenopidae" genus="Pakawops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pakawops" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pakawops</taxonomicName>
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gen. n. are unknown)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<table pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Hovops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hovops" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hovops</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Fig. 5Fig. 109</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Godumops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Godumops" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Godumops</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
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Figs 2383
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<bibRefCitation author="Benoit, PLG" journalOrPublisher="Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="113 - 141" title="Les Selenopidae africains au Nord du 17 e parallele Sud et reclassement des especes africaines de la famille (Araneae)." volume="77" year="1968">Benoit 1968</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation author="Corronca, JA" journalOrPublisher="African Zoology" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="387 - 392" title="New genus and species of Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Madagascar and neighbouring islands." volume="38" year="2003">Corronca 2003</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation author="Corronca, JA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1381 - 1393" title="Re-description of the lycosiformis species group of Anyphops Benoit and description of two new species (Araneae, Selenopidae)." url="doi: 10.1080/00222930400008868" volume="39" year="2005">Corronca 2005</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Makdiops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Makdiops" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Makdiops</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Selenops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Selenops" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Selenops</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
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<bibRefCitation author="Corronca, JA" journalOrPublisher="African Zoology" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="387 - 392" title="New genus and species of Selenopidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Madagascar and neighbouring islands." volume="38" year="2003">Corronca 2003</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Garcorops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Garcorops" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Garcorops</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
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Fig. 23
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<bibRefCitation author="Corronca, JA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1381 - 1393" title="Re-description of the lycosiformis species group of Anyphops Benoit and description of two new species (Araneae, Selenopidae)." url="doi: 10.1080/00222930400008868" volume="39" year="2005">Corronca 2005</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation author="Dankittipakul, P" journalOrPublisher="Organisms, Diversity and Evolution" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="69 e 1 - 69 e 12" title="Siamspinops, a new selenopid genus from southeast Asia (Arachnida, Araneae)" volume="9" year="2009">Dankittipakul and Corronca 2009</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Siamspinops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siamspinops" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Siamspinops</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
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<bibRefCitation author="Benoit, PLG" journalOrPublisher="Revue de Zoologie et de Botanique Africaines" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="113 - 141" title="Les Selenopidae africains au Nord du 17 e parallele Sud et reclassement des especes africaines de la famille (Araneae)." volume="77" year="1968">Benoit 1968</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation author="Corronca, JA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" pagination="1381 - 1393" title="Re-description of the lycosiformis species group of Anyphops Benoit and description of two new species (Araneae, Selenopidae)." url="doi: 10.1080/00222930400008868" volume="39" year="2005">Corronca 2005</bibRefCitation>
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</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Anyphops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anyphops" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Anyphops</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Figs 749</td>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Selenopidae" genus="Karaops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Karaops" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Karaops</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSection>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |