treatments-xml/data/9E/7A/87/9E7A879BFFA56105FF3EFC7BC14EFD10.xml
2024-06-21 12:45:43 +02:00

285 lines
32 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="4B320AF614D017546801EA516DF983DD" ID-CLB-Dataset="30213" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4413.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7c5470c0-7c1d-40e7-add8-1ebcbb9e1a08" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1226931" ID-ZooBank="8F5162E9-6D95-45EE-B985-969B2D60A969" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1524480250345" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Konani, Ehsan, Panahandeh, Yousef, Pourjam, Ebrahim, Álvarez-Ortega, Sergio &amp; Pedram, Majid" docDate="2018" docId="9E7A879BFFA56105FF3EFC7BC14EFD10" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4413.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4413 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Discotylenchus biannulatus Konani &amp; Panahandeh &amp; Pourjam &amp; Álvarez-Ortega &amp; Pedram 2018, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="264" masterDocId="6243FFE3FFA46101FFA9FF8CC371FFE0" masterDocTitle="Two rare species of tylenchids, Discotylenchus biannulatus n. sp. and Labrys chinensis Qing &amp; Bert, 2018 (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) from western Iran" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="260" pageNumber="261" updateTime="1698540687124" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="8D00AABB28A9523B72E77A7B3F5038CB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="2FCF7FF44A89407371A34E78BE81CF8F">
<mods:title id="EE656464CB0E9B59C972DEB5269850BD">Two rare species of tylenchids, Discotylenchus biannulatus n. sp. and Labrys chinensis Qing &amp; Bert, 2018 (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) from western Iran</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B72058AAE1F303F04B600FCF7D7BA966" type="personal">
<mods:role id="375BF929834F4654D50EF8AF286E740A">
<mods:roleTerm id="81450365FC9CCB5A2406A4ADA7ADE4EE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="502D526C9864A4E5741AC0636DAA5B66">Konani, Ehsan</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="42522B43ACE8FD8048A97649FFD1F9F0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5ABB2C59072C584F2FD19E4DAFE84F21">
<mods:roleTerm id="40AFB583991EFA7B65C6C9E9466B89C7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FDBA280AAEE50B87FDF3A48BE76EEAC3">Panahandeh, Yousef</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6E72F0B9B48076489E9C963454F9277C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="355DE80DC231586EEB1294A872DC37EB">
<mods:roleTerm id="C2A336E3BB7FDAD46FC095AB996B9BA6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="EE7C984DC9B0A102429F2301D5B4796B">Pourjam, Ebrahim</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B77B836660059A9B91DA2746AEFC1D09" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F12A825BC533E5A009A428D56ABC3FB0">
<mods:roleTerm id="1298BDEC52C89CC5519CCE36115436FF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DFC48F263880E140E133B5F7A72A9F67">Álvarez-Ortega, Sergio</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5C1DBB2596BD2BC711F061C4270356A2" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4F69D70930A6F4B8A5903327CBACA36D">
<mods:roleTerm id="A9D13475CB980F88ED533E5C205637BA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3EF4A14B8EEEAA065F010606203E5300">Pedram, Majid</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="A32937775C5FBC0BAB6808BA6772AA71">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="716073F52656D89B596367B817D9E52F" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="E348CE70BF1ABD9D7FBDD4389ECF6AC8">
<mods:title id="70A4151978A8B3A877635F26F8F3FA98">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="1DFAE2A2328CCB8646C9BD426B0202D3">
<mods:date id="3E049E7320214B7416770FE4E7D3F65F">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="AC969983A7052A3E361748F184DBF0B6" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="F4D1047432AB4AB51884CEB96FBDCF75">2018-04-23</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="67E1ADD6BF4C462A34A91AC4D0DA8968" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E4A2B1AF2BB1F8E7E83BACD1E7E9F317">4413</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="F3DC85AE1692AFD35090D18278F4513A" type="issue">
<mods:number id="E80017AA297ECAB18D2A6A89515A1198">2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="E28C064E3887E2AF06B41C3C45ACC324" unit="page">
<mods:start id="FC8656138B380942248002EC8A7FEE71">260</mods:start>
<mods:end id="52B166EFF8777F6151D25876B388BFCD">270</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="617159573C6A59BF538240C9F5AD8C8D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="EF7583701480E285B5B34A7481CD1D65" type="CLB-Dataset">30213</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C1A911A33B262DAB88BF0E70EF6D4FDE" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4413.2.2</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="76096FDF51DF40FDBB8CC0AAB7991135" type="GBIF-Dataset">7c5470c0-7c1d-40e7-add8-1ebcbb9e1a08</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="2E40A34225B6655920E77118B199ED3A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="26434DF27F4AB2C4949D334F5C4D6C00" type="Zenodo-Dep">1226931</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EE59B164DCE7AD5BC46860E380554173" type="ZooBank">8F5162E9-6D95-45EE-B985-969B2D60A969</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="9E7A879BFFA56105FF3EFC7BC14EFD10" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5981574" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143637713" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5981574" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9E7A879BFFA56105FF3EFC7BC14EFD10" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E7A879BFFA56105FF3EFC7BC14EFD10" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="264" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">
<subSubSection id="5EC96506FFA56100FF3EFC7BC260FBD3" pageId="1" pageNumber="261" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="166C368DFFA56100FF3EFC7BC140FBF2" blockId="1.[151,561,1015,1075]" box="[151,561,1015,1042]" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">
<heading id="4D2481E1FFA56100FF3EFC7BC140FBF2" bold="true" box="[151,561,1015,1042]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="261" reason="1">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA56100FF3EFC7BC140FBF2" bold="true" box="[151,561,1015,1042]" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">
<taxonomicName id="D1D34D0EFFA56100FF3EFC7BC296FBF1" authority="Konani &amp; Panahandeh &amp; Pourjam &amp; Álvarez-Ortega &amp; Pedram, 2018" authorityName="Konani &amp; Panahandeh &amp; Pourjam &amp; Álvarez-Ortega &amp; Pedram" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,487,1015,1041]" class="Secernentea" family="Tylenchidae" genus="Discotylenchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="1" pageNumber="261" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="biannulatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA56100FF3EFC7BC296FBF1" bold="true" box="[151,487,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">Discotylenchus biannulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3F9457E4FFA56100FE47FC74C140FBF2" box="[494,561,1016,1042]" pageId="1" pageNumber="261" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166C368DFFA56100FF3EFB96C260FBD3" blockId="1.[151,561,1015,1075]" box="[151,273,1050,1075]" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">
(
<figureCitation id="8EE82A08FFA56100FF36FB96C278FBD3" box="[159,265,1050,1075]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1962,1984]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1669,1691]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1899,1921]" captionTargetBox-0="[284,1304,195,1938]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1424,198,1650]" captionTargetBox-2="[161,1426,806,1869]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[284,1304,195,1938]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[162,1424,198,1650]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[151,1436,796,1882]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Discotylenchus biannulatus n. sp. Female. A&amp;B: Pharyngeal region; C: Lip region; D: Entire body; E: Reproductive system; F&amp;G: Tail; H: Lateralfield at mid-body." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Light microphotographs of Discotylenchus biannulatus n. sp. Female. A: Pharyngeal region; B: Reproductive system; C&amp;D: Lip region; E: Corpus region; F: Tail terminus; G: Lateral field at mid-body. (Scale bars = 10 µm)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Scanning electronic microscopy of Discotylenchus biannulatus n. sp. A: Lip region; B: En face view of lip region showing perioral disc; C: Lip region showing longitudinal amphidial aperture and head annuli; D&amp;E: Details of anterior end showing head shape and body annuli; F: Four incisures in lateral field at mid-body; G: Lateral view of anus region; H: Lateral view of vulva. (Scale bars: AC = 0.5 µm; D, G = 2 µm; E = 5 µm; F, H = 1 µm)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/1226933/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/1226935/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/1226937/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">Figs. 13</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EC96506FFA56100FF3EFBEEC2F2F93F" pageId="1" pageNumber="261" type="description">
<paragraph id="166C368DFFA56100FF3EFBEEC118FB9B" blockId="1.[151,1436,1122,1978]" box="[151,617,1122,1147]" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA56100FF3EFBEEC258FB9B" bold="true" box="[151,297,1122,1147]" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">Description.</emphasis>
Measurements. See
<tableCitation id="5B510336FFA56100FDB9FBEEC115FB9B" box="[528,612,1122,1147]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics of Discotylenchus biannulatus n. sp. All measurements are in µm and in the form: mean ± s.d. (range)." pageId="1" pageNumber="261">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166C368DFFA56100FF6EFB0BC2C3F95B" blockId="1.[151,1436,1122,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA56100FF6EFB0BC26AFB7F" box="[199,283,1159,1183]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">Female</emphasis>
: Body straight to slightly ventrally curved after heat relaxation. Cuticle finely annulated, annules
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA56100FAD3FB04C6EAFB7F" box="[1402,1435,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">ca.</emphasis>
12 µm wide at mid-body. Lateral fields with four incisures, outer lines partly areolated at anus/tail region in SEM images, 23 µm wide at mid-body, approximately 20% of body diameter. Lip region continuous with body contour, 56 µm wide and 34 µm high, dorso-ventrally flattened, smooth, having two annuli in the proximal end and a prominent perioral disc under SEM. Amphidial openings as longitudinal slits on lateral sides of the head. Stylet delicate, with conus shorter than the shaft comprising
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA56100FD5EFAB7C060FAB2" box="[759,785,1339,1362]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">ca</emphasis>
32.7% of stylet total length; knobs small, slightly sloping posteriad. Dorsal gland orifice (DGO) 12 µm from base of stylet. Procorpus slender, joining to an ellipsoid muscular metacorpus with distinct valvular apparatus, located at 3943% of total pharynx length; isthmus elongated and narrow; and basal bulb with slight variation in shape, saccate to bottle-shaped, 1418 µm long and 79 µm wide. Cardia small. Nerve ring encircling anterior half of isthmus, 6368 µm from anterior end. Excretory pore situated at the level of the middle of the isthmus, posterior to hemizonid. Deirids distinct and situated 46 annuli posterior to excretory pore. Reproductive system monodelphic-prodelphic, composed of an outstretched ovary occupying 2326% of the body length, oocytes mainly in a single row, oviduct short, spermatheca rounded and empty, crustaformeria hardly visible, uterus tubular, vagina straight with thin walls; PUS length about 0.60.8 times vulval body width, vulva a transverse slit lacking any differentiation. Tail filiform, gradually tapering to a more or less pointed end.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166C368DFFA56100FF6EF94BC2F2F93F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1122,1978]" box="[199,387,1734,1759]" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA56100FF6EF94BC270F93F" box="[199,257,1735,1759]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">Male</emphasis>
: not found.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EC96506FFA56100FF6EF966C710F8C9" pageId="1" pageNumber="261" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="166C368DFFA56100FF6EF966C710F8C9" blockId="1.[151,1436,1122,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA56100FF6EF966C288F8E3" bold="true" box="[199,505,1770,1795]" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">
<typeStatus id="C968882FFFA56100FF6EF966C273F8E3" box="[199,258,1770,1795]" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">Type</typeStatus>
habitat and locality.
</emphasis>
Recovered from the rhizosphere of wheat, Giloran region, city of Khorram-Abad,
<collectingRegion id="D417F86FFFA56100FF3EF89EC214F8CA" box="[151,357,1809,1834]" country="Iran" name="Lorestan" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">Lorestan province</collectingRegion>
, western
<collectingCountry id="6EC4761DFFA56100FE67F89EC28EF8C9" box="[462,511,1810,1833]" name="Iran" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">Iran</collectingCountry>
. GPS coordinates:
<geoCoordinate id="73E7504AFFA56100FD7AF89EC05FF8CA" box="[723,814,1809,1834]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="261" precision="925" value="33.45">N 33 27</geoCoordinate>
ʹ 51.53 and
<geoCoordinate id="73E7504AFFA56100FC19F89EC77EF8CA" box="[944,1039,1809,1834]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="261" precision="925" value="48.3">E 48 18</geoCoordinate>
ʹ 17.99.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EC96506FFA56100FF6EF8B9C254F892" pageId="1" pageNumber="261" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="166C368DFFA56100FF6EF8B9C254F892" blockId="1.[151,1436,1122,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA56100FF6EF8B9C23FF8AE" bold="true" box="[199,334,1845,1870]" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet refers to two unusual annuli at the anterior end of the cephalic region of the new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EC96506FFA56100FF6EF8F1C38EF85A" pageId="1" pageNumber="261" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="166C368DFFA56100FF6EF8F1C38EF85A" blockId="1.[151,1436,1122,1978]" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA56100FF6EF8F1C207F876" bold="true" box="[199,374,1917,1942]" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">
<typeStatus id="C968882FFFA56100FF6EF8F1C273F876" box="[199,258,1917,1942]" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="C968882FFFA56100FED4F8F1C294F876" box="[381,485,1917,1942]" pageId="1" pageNumber="261" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
and five
<typeStatus id="C968882FFFA56100FDF8F8F2C1CDF876" box="[593,700,1918,1942]" pageId="1" pageNumber="261" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
deposited at the Ghent University Museum, Zoology Collection,
<collectingCountry id="6EC4761DFFA56100FF3EF82DC38DF85A" box="[151,252,1953,1978]" name="Belgium" pageId="1" pageNumber="261">Belgium</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="42AC6605FFA66103FF3EF826C063F83F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1226933/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="262" startId="2.[151,250,1962,1984]" targetBox="[284,1304,195,1938]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="166C368DFFA66103FF3EF826C063F83F" blockId="2.[151,1436,1962,2015]" pageId="2" pageNumber="262">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA66103FF3EF826C26BF85F" bold="true" box="[151,282,1962,1984]" pageId="2" pageNumber="262">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D1D34D0EFFA66103FE8EF826C136F820" authority="Konani &amp; Panahandeh &amp; Pourjam &amp; Álvarez-Ortega &amp; Pedram, 2018" authorityName="Konani &amp; Panahandeh &amp; Pourjam &amp; Álvarez-Ortega &amp; Pedram" authorityYear="2018" box="[295,583,1962,1984]" class="Secernentea" family="Tylenchidae" genus="Discotylenchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="2" pageNumber="262" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="biannulatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA66103FE8EF826C136F820" box="[295,583,1962,1984]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="262">Discotylenchus biannulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3F9457E4FFA66103FDFDF826C1E4F85F" box="[596,661,1962,1983]" pageId="2" pageNumber="262" rank="species">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA66103FDFDF826C1E4F85F" bold="true" box="[596,661,1962,1983]" pageId="2" pageNumber="262">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Female. A&amp;B: Pharyngeal region; C: Lip region; D: Entire body; E: Reproductive system; F&amp;G: Tail; H: Lateral field at mid-body.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="42AC6605FFA76102FF3EF909C663F95A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1226935/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="263" startId="3.[151,250,1669,1691]" targetBox="[162,1424,198,1650]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="166C368DFFA76102FF3EF909C663F95A" blockId="3.[151,1436,1669,1722]" pageId="3" pageNumber="263">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA76102FF3EF909C264F97A" bold="true" box="[151,277,1669,1691]" pageId="3" pageNumber="263">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Light microphotographs of
<taxonomicName id="D1D34D0EFFA76102FD96F909C02AF97B" authority="Konani &amp; Panahandeh &amp; Pourjam &amp; Álvarez-Ortega &amp; Pedram, 2018" authorityName="Konani &amp; Panahandeh &amp; Pourjam &amp; Álvarez-Ortega &amp; Pedram" authorityYear="2018" box="[575,859,1669,1691]" class="Secernentea" family="Tylenchidae" genus="Discotylenchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="3" pageNumber="263" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="biannulatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA76102FD96F909C02AF97B" box="[575,859,1669,1691]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="263">Discotylenchus biannulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3F9457E4FFA76102FCCDF909C0D1F97A" box="[868,928,1669,1690]" pageId="3" pageNumber="263" rank="species">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA76102FCCDF909C0D1F97A" bold="true" box="[868,928,1669,1690]" pageId="3" pageNumber="263">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Female. A: Pharyngeal region; B: Reproductive system; C&amp;D: Lip region; E: Corpus region; F: Tail terminus; G: Lateral field at mid-body. (Scale bars = 10 µm).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="5EC96506FFA76105FF6EF96AC288FE14" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="264" pageId="3" pageNumber="263" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="166C368DFFA76102FF6EF96AC146F88B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1766,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="263">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA76102FF6EF96AC157F91F" bold="true" box="[199,550,1766,1791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="263">Diagnosis and relationships.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="D1D34D0EFFA76102FD9DF96AC003F91E" authority="Konani &amp; Panahandeh &amp; Pourjam &amp; Álvarez-Ortega &amp; Pedram, 2018" authorityName="Konani &amp; Panahandeh &amp; Pourjam &amp; Álvarez-Ortega &amp; Pedram" authorityYear="2018" box="[564,882,1766,1790]" class="Secernentea" family="Tylenchidae" genus="Discotylenchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="3" pageNumber="263" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="biannulatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA76102FD9DF96AC003F91E" box="[564,882,1766,1790]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="263">Discotylenchus biannulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3F9457E4FFA76102FC28F96AC0B9F91F" box="[897,968,1766,1791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="263" rank="species">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA76102FC28F96AC0B9F91F" bold="true" box="[897,968,1766,1791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="263">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is characterized by its dorso-ventrally flattened smooth lip region having two proximal annuli and a distinct rectangular perioral disc, short longitudinal amphidial slits, lateral field with four incisures, stylet 910 µm long, empty spermatheca and short PUS, and filiform female tail with pointed end.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="166C368DFFA76105FF6EF8FAC288FE14" blockId="3.[151,1436,1766,2007]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,752]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="264" pageId="3" pageNumber="263">
With four lines in the lateral field, the new species can be compared with three known species of the genus:
<taxonomicName id="D1D34D0EFFA76102FA28F8FBC2C5F853" authority="Siddiqi, 1980" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1980" class="Secernentea" family="Tylenchidae" genus="Discotylenchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="3" pageNumber="263" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="attenuatus">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA76102FA28F8FBC27DF852" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="263">D. attenuatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="72424B7CFFA76102FEBFF816C2C5F853" box="[278,436,1946,1971]" pageId="3" pageNumber="263" refId="ref3491" refString="Siddiqi, M. R. (1980) Two new nematode genera, Safianema (Anguinidae) and Discotylenchus (Tylenchidae), with descriptions of three new species. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 47, 85 - 94." type="journal article">Siddiqi, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D1D34D0EFFA76102FE6BF817C1F4F852" authorityName="Brzeski" authorityYear="1985" box="[450,645,1946,1970]" class="Secernentea" family="Tylenchidae" genus="Discotylenchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="3" pageNumber="263" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevicaudatus">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA76102FE6BF817C1F4F852" box="[450,645,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="263">D. brevicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA76102FD6DF817C024F852" box="[708,853,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="263">
<taxonomicName id="D1D34D0EFFA76102FD6DF817C023F852" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1980" box="[708,850,1946,1970]" class="Secernentea" family="Tylenchidae" genus="Discotylenchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="3" pageNumber="263" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="discretus">D. discretus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The new species can be distinguished from these species by its smooth cephalic region with two annuli at the anterior end. In addition,
<taxonomicName id="D1D34D0EFFA76102FBCDF832C6EDF836" authority="Konani &amp; Panahandeh &amp; Pourjam &amp; Álvarez-Ortega &amp; Pedram, 2018" authorityName="Konani &amp; Panahandeh &amp; Pourjam &amp; Álvarez-Ortega &amp; Pedram" authorityYear="2018" box="[1124,1436,1982,2006]" class="Secernentea" family="Tylenchidae" genus="Discotylenchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="3" pageNumber="263" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="biannulatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA76102FBCDF832C6EDF836" box="[1124,1436,1982,2006]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="263">Discotylenchus biannulatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3F9457E4FFA06105FF3EFF1BC3A6FF50" box="[151,215,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="264" rank="species">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FF3EFF1BC3A6FF50" bold="true" box="[151,215,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="D1D34D0EFFA06105FEC4FF15C174FF50" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1980" box="[365,517,153,176]" class="Secernentea" family="Tylenchidae" genus="Discotylenchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="264" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="attenuatus">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FEC4FF15C174FF50" box="[365,517,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">D. attenuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having longer body (675708
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FC2FFF15C0ECFF50" box="[902,925,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">vs</emphasis>
330400 µm), longer stylet (910
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FA80FF15C631FF50" box="[1321,1344,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">vs</emphasis>
6.06.5 µm), longer tail (155161
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FE6CFF31C2ADFF34" box="[453,476,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">vs</emphasis>
6896 µm) and higher
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FD42FF37C070FF35" box="[747,769,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">cʹ</emphasis>
ratio (14.116.1
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FC6EFF31C0AFFF34" box="[967,990,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">vs</emphasis>
912). It can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="D1D34D0EFFA06105FA28FF31C244FF18" authorityName="Brzeski" authorityYear="1985" class="Secernentea" family="Tylenchidae" genus="Discotylenchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="264" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="brevicaudatus">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FA28FF31C244FF18" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">D. brevicaudatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its dorso-ventrally flattened cephalic region (
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FCC7FF6DC0F4FF18" box="[878,901,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">vs</emphasis>
rounded, according to SEM data provided by
<bibRefCitation id="72424B7CFFA06105FF3EFE88C2FDFEFD" box="[151,396,260,285]" pageId="4" pageNumber="264" refId="ref3671" refString="Yaghoubi, A., Pourjam, E., Alvarez-Ortega, S. Liebanas, G., Atighi, M. R. &amp; Pedram, M. (2016) Discopersicus n. gen., a New Member of the Family Tylenchidae Orley, 1880 with Detailed SEM Study on Two Known Species of the Genus Discotylenchus Siddiqi, 1980 (Nematoda; Tylenchidae) from Iran. Journal of Nematology, 48, 214 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.21307 / jofnem- 2017 - 029" type="journal article">
Yaghoubi
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FEA5FE89C236FEFC" box="[268,327,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
), longer body (675708
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FD03FE89C1B0FEFC" box="[682,705,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">vs</emphasis>
320466 µm), longer stylet (910
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FBF1FE89C71EFEFC" box="[1112,1135,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">vs</emphasis>
68 µm), more anteriorly located vulva (V = 59.560.6
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FE44FEA5C175FEA0" box="[493,516,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">vs</emphasis>
6873), longer tail (155161
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FCF2FEA5C003FEA0" box="[859,882,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">vs</emphasis>
3577 µm), smaller
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FBCBFEA5C71FFEA0" box="[1122,1134,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">c</emphasis>
ratio (4.24.5
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FAB1FEA5C65EFEA0" box="[1304,1327,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">vs</emphasis>
5.99.8), higher
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FF43FEC7C271FE85" box="[234,256,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">cʹ</emphasis>
ratio (14.116.1
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FE67FEC1C294FE84" box="[462,485,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">vs</emphasis>
4.59.6) and filiform tail with pointed end (
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FC50FEC1C761FE84" box="[1017,1040,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">vs</emphasis>
thick with rounded end). Finally, compared to
<taxonomicName id="D1D34D0EFFA06105FE87FEFDC2C6FE68" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1980" box="[302,439,368,392]" class="Secernentea" family="Tylenchidae" genus="Discotylenchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="264" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="discretus">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FE87FEFDC2C6FE68" box="[302,439,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">D. discretus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the new species has dorso-ventrally flattened cephalic region (
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FB3DFEFDC7DAFE68" box="[1172,1195,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">vs</emphasis>
rectangular, smooth, according to SEM data provided by
<bibRefCitation id="72424B7CFFA06105FD87FE18C06DFE4D" box="[558,796,404,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="264" refId="ref3671" refString="Yaghoubi, A., Pourjam, E., Alvarez-Ortega, S. Liebanas, G., Atighi, M. R. &amp; Pedram, M. (2016) Discopersicus n. gen., a New Member of the Family Tylenchidae Orley, 1880 with Detailed SEM Study on Two Known Species of the Genus Discotylenchus Siddiqi, 1980 (Nematoda; Tylenchidae) from Iran. Journal of Nematology, 48, 214 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.21307 / jofnem- 2017 - 029" type="journal article">
Yaghoubi
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FD09FE19C1A9FE4C" box="[672,728,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
), longer stylet (910
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FBA3FE19C750FE4C" box="[1034,1057,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">vs</emphasis>
79 µm), more anteriorly located vulva (V = 59.560.6
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FE33FE35C2C0FE30" box="[410,433,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">vs</emphasis>
6367), longer tail (155161
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FCB9FE35C056FE30" box="[784,807,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">vs</emphasis>
80115 µm), smaller
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FB80FE35C744FE30" box="[1065,1077,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">c</emphasis>
ratio (4.24.5
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FB4DFE35C78AFE30" box="[1252,1275,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">vs</emphasis>
5.06.2), and higher
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FF4CFE57C38BFE15" box="[229,250,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">cʹ</emphasis>
ratio (1416
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FE3AFE51C2DBFE14" box="[403,426,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">vs</emphasis>
911).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5EC96506FFA06105FF6EFE73C14EFD10" pageId="4" pageNumber="264" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="166C368DFFA06105FF6EFE73C14EFD10" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FF6EFE73C24AFDF8" bold="true" box="[199,315,511,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">Remarks.</emphasis>
The presently described new species was recovered from an agricultural wheat field usually plowed annually. Detailed SEM studies helped establish its generic identity, but further samplings to get fresh material for molecular phylogenetic studies failed. It has a unique head morphology, however, not reported or illustrated to date for any members of
<taxonomicName id="D1D34D0EFFA06105FED5FDE0C179FD65" authorityName="Orley" authorityYear="1880" box="[380,520,620,645]" class="Chromadorea" family="Tylenchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="264" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Tylenchidae</taxonomicName>
. Light microscope observations at first indicated the presence of an anterior disk, also confirmed in SEM studies, and all other morphological characters (especially longitudinal amphidial slits) supported its placement under the genus
<taxonomicName id="D1D34D0EFFA06105FD27FD38C048FD2C" authorityName="Siddiqi" authorityYear="1980" box="[654,825,692,716]" class="Secernentea" family="Tylenchidae" genus="Discotylenchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tylenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="264" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="24A7EA9FFFA06105FD27FD38C048FD2C" box="[654,825,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="264">Discotylenchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Future molecular studies will help determine the phylogenetic affinities of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>