622 lines
70 KiB
XML
622 lines
70 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="22E5A703473D40E71FC094BDA3B156D4">
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<mods:title id="2BC3E62D68D00BD880D640D685BD2F8A">Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DE1D6C5969569DF9EC6127D162061B9E">Figueroa, Alex</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="43D8B0D85ECA39C60E636101E928D095">Low, Martyn E. Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="3E9F18681A2128F29E1958BFD2B6260B" type="email">martyn.low@nus.edu.sg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5ED345DDB1175B26BADA55B59F61C86E">Lim, Kelvin K. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="913F0CF49EA351B11B4E400B9C7718E6" type="email">kelvinlim@nus.edu.sg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="4C0E6AF803ABE0BFDE70E7882852C4A0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="404ABC0E076A878B2F28C95929377892">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="88502B73FFB0B85DFF6B43167DC4088E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7967668" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209662644" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7967668" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FFB0B85DFF6B43167DC4088E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88502B73FFB0B85DFF6B43167DC4088E" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFB0B85CFF6B43167A220B39" box="[151,812,1103,1130]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="00469A65FFB0B85CFF6B43167A220B39" blockId="42.[151,1437,1103,2031]" box="[151,812,1103,1130]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<heading id="5B0E2D09FFB0B85CFF6B43167A220B39" box="[151,812,1103,1130]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFB0B85CFF6B431678E90B39" ID-CoL="3QZL4" ID-ENA="167934" authority="(Gray, 1831)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[151,487,1103,1130]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kaloula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FFB0B85CFF6B4316785A0B39" bold="true" box="[151,340,1103,1130]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Kaloula pulchra</emphasis>
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(Gray, 1831)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—
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||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB0B85CFDFA43097A220B39" bold="true" box="[518,812,1104,1130]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Non-native; Established.</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFB0B85CFF0B432D7A210BE1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="00469A65FFB0B85CFF0B432D7A210BE1" blockId="42.[151,1437,1103,2031]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFB0B85CFF0B432D7B780BDD" ID-CoL="3QZL4" authority="Gray, 1831 b: 38" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="38" authorityYear="1831" box="[247,630,1140,1166]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kaloula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
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<emphasis id="328D4677FFB0B85CFF0B432D78BF0BDD" box="[247,433,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Kaloula pulchra</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFB0B85CFE46432D7B780BDD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688126" box="[442,630,1140,1166]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="2">Gray, 1831b: 38</materialsCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FFB0B85CFD7E432C7BC70BDC" box="[642,713,1141,1167]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Types</typeStatus>
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||
:
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<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FFB0B85CFD29432C7A030BDC" box="[725,781,1141,1167]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Type</typeStatus>
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||
material presumably originally at BMNH apparently lost (Parker 1934: 86).
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<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFB0B85CFDD643C07A250BE1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689387" box="[554,811,1176,1203]" country="China" location="China" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FFB0B85CFDD643C07B6C0BE0" box="[554,610,1177,1203]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Type</typeStatus>
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||
locality: “
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<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB0B85CFD2A43C17A2E0BE1" box="[726,800,1176,1202]" name="China" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">China</collectingCountry>
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”
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFB0B85CFF6B43E578D80BA9" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="00469A65FFB0B85CFF6B43E578D80BA9" blockId="42.[151,1437,1103,2031]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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Banded Bull Frog (
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<figureCitation id="98C286E0FFB0B85CFF6343B9781B0BA8" box="[159,277,1248,1275]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="349.[152,255,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,151,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-23@349.[151,1430,151,1890]" captionTargetPageId="349" captionText="FIGURE 5. A) Limnonectes paramacrodon, B) Limnonectes plicatellus, C) Occidozyga sumatrana, D) Eleutherodactylus planirostris, E) Leptobrachium nigrops, F) Megophrys nasuta, G) Kalophrynus limbooliati, and H) Kaloulapulchra. Photographs by: Alex Figueroa [A–H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960329/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Figure 5H</figureCitation>
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; Admiralty Park)
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFB0B85DFF6B425D7D3F0D4A" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FFB0B85CFF6B425D78760A4D" blockId="42.[151,1437,1103,2031]" box="[151,376,1284,1310]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB0B85CFF6B425D78760A4D" bold="true" box="[151,376,1284,1310]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB0B85CFF6B425D781E0A4D" box="[151,272,1284,1310]" name="Singapore" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Singapore</collectingCountry>
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||
records.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="00469A65FFB0B85CFF0B42717A210AD9" blockId="42.[151,1437,1103,2031]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFB0B85CFF0B427178A20A11" ID-CoL="PW9V" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[247,428,1320,1346]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Callula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
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||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB0B85CFF0B427178A20A11" box="[247,428,1320,1346]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Callula pulchra</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—
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||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFE3542717BDB0A11" author="Flower, S. S." box="[457,725,1320,1346]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="856 - 914" refId="ref305802" refString="Flower, S. S. (1896) Notes on a collection of reptiles and batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula in 1895 - 96; with a list of the species recorded from that region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896 (4), 856 - 914, pls. 44 - 46." type="journal article" year="1896">Flower, 1896: 908–910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFD0942717ACE0A11" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[757,960,1320,1346]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="11 - 22" refId="ref312325" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1898) Annual report of the curator and librarian on the Raffles Library and Museum, for the Year Ending 31 st December, 1897. In: Straits Settlements, Annual Reports for the Year 1898. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 11 - 22." type="book chapter" year="1898">Hanitsch, 1898: 8</bibRefCitation>
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||
.—
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||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFC1E42717DFA0A11" author="Flower, S. S." box="[994,1268,1320,1346]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="885 - 916" refId="ref305929" refString="Flower, S. S. (1900) Notes on a second collection of batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 to September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1899 (4), 885 - 916, pls. 59 - 60. [conventionally cited as 1899 but published April 1900 (Duncan 1937: 75)]" type="journal article" year="1900">Flower, 1900: 906–908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—A.L.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFAAC42717C920A11" author="Butler, A. L." box="[1360,1436,1320,1346]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="387 - 402" refId="ref293860" refString="Butler, A. L. (1904) A list of the batrachians known to inhabit the Malay Peninsula, with some remarks on their habits, distribution, & c. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 15 (3), 387 - 402." type="journal article" year="1904">Butler,</bibRefCitation>
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||
1904: 390, 392.—
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||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFDD542157A2B0A35" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[553,805,1356,1382]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref292615" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1912) A Vertebrate Fauna of the Malay Peninsula from the Isthmus of Kra to Singapore, Including the Adjacent Islands. Reptilia and Batrachia, Taylor and Francis, London, xiii + 294 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10813" type="book" year="1912">Boulenger, 1912: 264</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFCBA42157D200A35" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[838,1070,1356,1382]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref312636" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1912 b) List of the Birds, Reptiles and Amphibians in the Raffles Museum, Singapore. Raffles Library and Museum, Singapore, 19 pp." type="book" year="1912">Hanitsch, 1912b: 18</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFBAC42157C330A35" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[1104,1341,1356,1382]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref312636" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1912 b) List of the Birds, Reptiles and Amphibians in the Raffles Museum, Singapore. Raffles Library and Museum, Singapore, 19 pp." type="book" year="1912">Hanitsch, 1912b: 18</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—M.A.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFB0B85CFEAB42297A250AD9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687516" box="[343,811,1392,1419]" collectorName="F.L.K. Lim" location="Smith" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Smith's">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FFB0B85CFEAB422978930AD9" box="[343,413,1392,1418]" country="Bermuda" name="Smith's" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Smith</collectingRegion>
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||
, 1916a: 37.—
|
||
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FFB0B85CFDC642297B8C0AD8" box="[570,642,1392,1419]" name="F.L.K. Lim" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">F.L.K.</collectorName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFD7542297A250AD9" author="Lim, F. L. K." box="[649,811,1392,1418]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="17 - 19" refId="ref324614" refString="Lim, F. L. K. (1984) Reptile and amphibian encounters. In: Wee, Y. - C. (Ed.), Nature in an Urban Singapore. Proceedings of the Seminar on Nature in an Urban Singapore. Singapore Branch of the Malayan Nature Society, Singapore, pp. 17 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1984">Lim, 1984: 18</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FFB0B85DFF0B42CD7C1B0EDA" blockId="42.[151,1437,1103,2031]" lastBlockId="43.[151,1437,150,2013]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFFB0B85CFF0B42CD7C920AFD" box="[247,1436,1428,1455]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFB0B85CFF0B42CD78A10AFD" ID-CoL="3QZL4" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[247,431,1428,1454]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kaloula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB0B85CFF0B42CD78A10AFD" box="[247,431,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Kaloula pulchra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFB0B85CFE3042CD7B940AFD" author="Chasen, F. N." box="[460,666,1428,1455]" page="100" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1925">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFE3042CD7B940AFD" author="Chasen, F. N." box="[460,666,1428,1455]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="99 - 101" refId="ref295918" refString="Chasen, F. N. (1925) On the introduction of an Australian skink into Singapore Island. Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 3 (1), 99 - 101." type="journal article" year="1925">Chasen, 1925: 100</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFB0B85CFD4042CD7ABF0AFD" author="Berry, P. Y." box="[700,945,1428,1454]" page="227" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1964">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFD4042CD7ABF0AFD" author="Berry, P. Y." box="[700,945,1428,1454]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="227 - 243" refId="ref291289" refString="Berry, P. Y. (1964) The breeding patterns of seven species of Singapore anura. Journal of Animal Ecology, 33 (2), 227 - 243. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2629" type="journal article" year="1964">Berry, 1964: 227–243</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(Botanic Gardens).—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFB0B85CFB5442CD7C920AFD" author="Berry, P. Y." box="[1192,1436,1428,1455]" page="163" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1965">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFB5442CD7C920AFD" author="Berry, P. Y." box="[1192,1436,1428,1455]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="163 - 174" refId="ref291332" refString="Berry, P. Y. (1965) The diet of some Singapore anura. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 144 (2), 163 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1965. tb 05171. x" type="journal article" year="1965">Berry, 1965: 163–174</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
(Botanic Gardens).—Inger & Bacon, 1968: 602.—Hall, 1989d: 33 (Pasir Panjang Hill).—K.K.P. Lim & L.M. Chou, 1990: 57.—K.K.P. Lim & C.M. Yang, 1991: 228–229 (Ayer Rajah Campus [= NUS
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FFB0B85CFE46415878FE0948" box="[442,496,1537,1563]" country="United Kingdom" name="Kent" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Kent</collectingRegion>
|
||
Ridge]; Botanic Gardens; Bukit Timah Hill [BTNR]; Commonwealth Drive Park; Dover Road; Hindhede Drive; Jurong Campus [NTU]).—D.S.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFBDB417D7DF5096D" author="Johnson, D. S." box="[1063,1275,1572,1598]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref316808" refString="Johnson, D. S. (1992) Natural History of Singapore. Revised Edition. Tynron Press, Leicestershire, ix + 142 pp." type="book" year="1992">Johnson, 1992: 40</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—K.K.P. Lim & F.L.K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFE3441117B610931" author="Lim, K. K. P. & Lim, F. L. K." box="[456,623,1608,1634]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref326515" refString="Lim, K. K. P. & Lim, F. L. K. (1992) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lim, 1992: 39</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 144 (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FFB0B85CFD4741107A320931" box="[699,828,1608,1635]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">West Coast</collectingRegion>
|
||
Park).—P.K.L. Ng, 1992a: 137.—P.K.L. Ng, 1992b: 137.—Zhao & Adler, 1993: 161.—L.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFCCA41357D3B09D5" author="Chou L. M. & Ng, P. K. L. & Lim, K. K. P." box="[822,1077,1644,1671]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="70 - 106" refId="ref297613" refString="Chou L. M., Ng, P. K. L. & Lim, K. K. P. (1994) Animalia. In: Wee, Y. C. & Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), A First Look at Biodiversity in Singapore. National Council on the Environment, Singapore, pp. 70 - 106." type="book chapter" year="1994">
|
||
Chou
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB0B85CFC8241347AB509D5" box="[894,955,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1994: 93
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—L.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFB6741357C6E09D5" author="Chou, L. M." box="[1179,1376,1644,1671]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="145 - 150" refId="ref297324" refString="Chou, L. M. (1995) Amphibians and reptiles. In: Chin, S. C., Corlett, R. T., Wee, Y. C. & Geh, S. Y. (Eds.), Rain Forest in the City: Bukit Timah Nature Reserve Singapore. Gardens' Bulletin, Singapore, Supplement 3, pp. 145 - 150." type="journal article" year="1995">Chou, 1995: 146</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—R. Subaraj, 1995: 36 (Pulau Ubin).—R.C.H. Teo & Rajathurai, 1997: 401.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFB7041C97C9209F9" author="Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W." box="[1164,1436,1680,1706]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref329083" refString="Manthey, U. & Grossmann, W. (1997) Amphibien und Reptilian Sudostasien. Natur und Tier, M ¸ nster, 512 pp." type="book" year="1997">Manthey & Grossmann,</bibRefCitation>
|
||
1997: 56.—Chan-ard
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB0B85CFDB741EC7B8D099D" box="[587,643,1716,1742]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999: 14.—T.M. Leong & L.M. Chou, 1999: 121–123.—T.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFAB241EC7C92099C" author="Leong, T. M." box="[1358,1436,1717,1743]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="2 - 8" refId="ref323035" refString="Leong, T. M. (2000) Amphibian tales. Nature Watch, 8 (4), 2 - 8." type="journal article" year="2000">Leong,</bibRefCitation>
|
||
2000: 4.—E.K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFDED41817BC909A1" author="Chua, E. K." box="[529,711,1752,1778]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref298026" refString="Chua, E. K. (2002) Chek Jawa: Discovering Singapore's Biodiversity. Simply Green, Singapore, 116 pp." type="book" year="2002">Chua, 2002: 13</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 107 (Pulau Ubin).—B.P.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFBE841817C1C09A1" author="Goh, B. P. L. & Sodhi, N. S. & Li, D. & Ho, S. H. & Ng, P. K. L." box="[1044,1298,1752,1779]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref307810" refString="Goh, B. P. L., Sodhi, N. S., Li, D., Ho, S. H. & Ng, P. K. L. (2002) A Guide to Urban Creatures. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="2002">
|
||
Goh
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB0B85CFBB341807D8509A1" box="[1103,1163,1752,1778]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2002: 140
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—K.P. Lim & F.L.K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFE3B41A57B780844" author="Lim, K. P. & Lim, F. L. K." box="[455,630,1788,1815]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref327168" refString="Lim, K. P. & Lim, F. L. K. (2002) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="2002">Lim, 2002: 145</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFD6441A57AAA0845" author="Karns, D. R. & Voris, H. K. & Goodwin, T. G." box="[664,932,1788,1815]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="487 - 498" refId="ref317473" refString="Karns, D. R., Voris, H. K. & Goodwin, T. G. (2002) Ecology of Oriental-Australian rear-fanged water snakes (Colubridae: Homalopsinae) in the Pasir Ris Park mangrove forest, Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 50 (2), 487 - 498." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Karns
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB0B85CFD1B41A47A2F0845" box="[743,801,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2002: 488
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Pasir Ris Park Mangroves).—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFAF741A57C920845" author="Anonymous" box="[1291,1436,1788,1814]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref288767" refString="Anonymous (2003) Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve - A Decade of Wetland Conservation. National Parks Board, Singapore, 98 pp." type="book" year="2003">Anonymous,</bibRefCitation>
|
||
2003: 32, 93 (Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve).—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFC6840797DA50869" author="Das, I. & Haas, A." box="[916,1195,1824,1851]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="375 - 381" refId="ref301039" refString="Das, I. & Haas, A. (2005) Sources of larval identities for amphibians from Borneo. Herpetological Review, 36 (4), 375 - 381." type="journal article" year="2005">Das & Haas, 2005: 379</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—H.T.W. Tan
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB0B85CFAA640787C980869" box="[1370,1430,1824,1850]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007: 64.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2008: 64, 165.—Bickford
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB0B85CFC00401C7D3A080D" box="[1020,1076,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2010: 121, 123.—S.H. Chan & C. Goh, 2010: 110 (Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve).—H.T.W. Tan
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB0B85CFBAF40307D8208D1" box="[1107,1164,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2010: 88.—D.C.J. Yeo & C.S.W. Chia, 2010: 32.—M.A.H.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFD0140D57AB208F5" author="Chua, M. A." box="[765,956,1932,1958]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="277 - 287" refId="ref298358" refString="Chua, M. A. (2011) The herpetofauna and mammals of Semakau Landfill: A Project Semakau checklist. Nature in Singapore, 4, 277 - 287." type="journal article" year="2011">Chua, 2011: 279</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Semakau Landfill [PS]).—L.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFAC740D57C9208F5" author="Grismer, L. L." box="[1339,1436,1932,1958]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refId="ref309689" refString="Grismer, L. L. (2011 a) Field Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of the Seribuat Archipelago (Peninsular Malaysia). Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 239 pp." type="book" year="2011">Grismer,</bibRefCitation>
|
||
2011a: 55.—T.M. Leong, 2011: 22, 23.—T.M. Leong & K.K.P.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFBC440E97DE40899" author="Lim, K. K. P. & Leong, T. M. & Lim, F. L. K." box="[1080,1258,1968,1994]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="143 - 156" refId="ref326919" refString="Lim, K. K. P., Leong, T. M. & Lim, F. L. K. (2011) The king cobra, Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor) in Singapore (Reptilia: Squamata: Elapidae). Nature in Singapore, 4, 143 - 156." type="journal article" year="2011">Lim, 2011: 140</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—P.K.L. Ng
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB0B85CFA7440E8787A08BD" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011: 254.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2012: 53, 64, 165.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB0B85CFC0A408D7C0A08BD" author="Gilbert, M. & Bickford, D. & Clark, L. & Johnson, A. & Joyner, P. H. & Keatts, L. O. & Khammavong, K. & Van, L. N. & Newton, A. & Seow, T. P. W. & Roberton, S. & Silithammavong, S. & Singhalath, S. & Yang, A. & Seimon, T. A." box="[1014,1284,2004,2031]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" pagination="386 - 398" refId="ref307091" refString="Gilbert, M., Bickford, D., Clark, L., Johnson, A., Joyner, P. H., Keatts, L. O., Khammavong, K., Van, L. N., Newton, A., Seow, T. P. W., Roberton, S., Silithammavong, S., Singhalath, S., Yang, A. & Seimon, T. A. (2012) Amphibian pathogens in Southeast Asian frog trade. EcoHealth, 9 (4), 386 - 398. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10393 - 013 - 0817 - 7" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Gilbert
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB0B85CFBB0408C7D8A08BD" box="[1100,1156,2004,2030]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012: 393
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—T.H. Ng & D.C.J. Yeo, 2012: 95–96, 100.—R. Subaraj, 2015: 53 (Night Safari).—S. Subaraj, 2015: 6, 7 (Night Safari;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFE5447E27B140F86" box="[424,538,187,213]" name="Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
Zoo).—K.K.P.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB1B85DFD3647E27ABA0F86" author="Lim, K. K. P. & Chua, M. A. H. & Lim, N. T. - L." box="[714,948,187,213]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="165 - 198" refId="ref327018" refString="Lim, K. K. P., Chua, M. A. H. & Lim, N. T. - L. (2016) Freshwater fishes, terrestrial herpetofauna and mammals of Pulau Tekong, Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 9, 165 - 198." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Lim
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFD0347E27A390F86" box="[767,823,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2016: 173
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Pulau Tekong).—S.M.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB1B85DFB3A47E27C930F86" author="Chong, S. M. & Yan, B. T. & Wong, W. K. & Siow, H. J. & Fernandez, C. J." box="[1222,1437,187,213]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="252 - 254" refId="ref296927" refString="Chong, S. M., Sng, W., Yan, B. T., Wong, W. K., Siow, H. J. & Fernandez, C. J. (2018) Prevalence of chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in wild amphibians, Singapore. Herpetological Review, 49 (2), 252 - 254." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Chong
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFAE447E27C410F86" box="[1304,1359,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2018:
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
253, 254.—H.C. Ho
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFDBF47867B720FAA" box="[579,636,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019: 125 (Alexandra Woodlands; Clementi Forest).—M.E.Y. Low &
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFB1B85DFEAB465A7C920E4E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687888" box="[343,1436,258,285]" collectorName="H. T. W. Tan" location="Kent" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kent">
|
||
Pocklington, 2019: 105.—
|
||
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FFB1B85DFD7F465B7A0D0E4E" box="[643,771,258,285]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">H.T.W. Tan</collectorName>
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFCF6465A7A4D0E4E" box="[778,835,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019: 132 (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FFB1B85DFC2E465A7D040E4E" box="[978,1034,259,285]" country="United Kingdom" name="Kent" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Kent</collectingRegion>
|
||
Ridge Park; National University of
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFEAB467E78C70E12" box="[343,457,295,321]" name="Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
Kent Ridge Campus).—R.C.H. Teo & Thomas, 2019: 154, 179 (Dairy Farm Nature Park).—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB1B85DFE4946127BB30E36" author="Decemson, H. & Gouda, S. & Lalbiakzuala, Lalmuansanga & Hmar, G. Z. & Vabeiryureilai, M. & Lalremsanga, H. T." box="[437,701,331,357]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="17918 - 17929" refId="ref302353" refString="Decemson, H., Gouda, S., Lalbiakzuala, Lalmuansanga, Hmar, G. Z., Vabeiryureilai, M. & Lalremsanga, H. T. (2021) An annotated checklist of amphibians in and around Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 13 (3), 17918 - 17929. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / jott. 6319.13.3.17918 - 17929" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Decemson
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFDCA46127B7F0E36" box="[566,625,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 17924.—Y.Y.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB1B85DFC9046127D190E36" author="Ho, Y. Y." box="[876,1047,330,357]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="350 - 351" refId="ref313939" refString="Ho, Y. Y. (2021) Heterospecific amplexus between a male paddy frog, Fejervarya multistriata (Hallowell 1861) (Anura: Dicroglossidae), and a male banded bullfrog, Kaloula pulchra Gray 1831 (Anura: Microhylidae), from Hong Kong. Reptiles & Amphibians, 28 (2), 350 - 351. https: // doi. org / 10.17161 / randa. v 28 i 2.15471" type="journal article" year="2021">Ho, 2021: 350</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—B.C. Ng, 2021: 135, 136 (Pang Sua Woodland).—Shahrudin, 2021: 139.—Sankar
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFC6C46367AC60EDA" box="[912,968,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2022: 465 (Kranji Marshes).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FFB1B85DFF0B46CA7AE10EFE" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[247,1007,403,429]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFB1B85DFF0B46CA7B000EFE" ID-CoL="3QZL4" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[247,526,403,429]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kaloula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="pulchra" subSpecies="pulchra">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFF0B46CA7B000EFE" box="[247,526,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Kaloula pulchra pulchra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—Parker, 1934: 84–86.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB1B85DFCD246CA7AE50EFE" author="Inger, R. F." box="[814,1003,403,429]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 402" refId="ref315121" refString="Inger, R. F. (1966) The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana: Zoology, 52, 1 - 402. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 3147" type="journal article" year="1966">Inger, 1966: 121</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FFB1B85DFF0B46EE7A240EA6" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFB1B85DFF0B46EE78BE0E82" ID-CoL="68X79" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[247,432,439,465]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Caloula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFF0B46EE78BE0E82" box="[247,432,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Caloula pulchra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—D.S.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB1B85DFDF946EE7BDF0E82" author="Johnson, D. S." box="[517,721,439,465]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref316687" refString="Johnson, D. S. (1964) An Introduction to the Natural History of Singapore. Rayirath (Raybooks) Publications, Singapore, x + 106 pp." type="book" year="1964">Johnson, 1964: 28</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.—
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FFB1B85DFD0E46EE7A350E82" box="[754,827,439,465]" country="Malaysia" name="Pahang" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Phang</collectingRegion>
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFCBE46EE7A750E82" box="[834,891,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1983: 24 (Botanic Gardens).—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB1B85DFB1C46EE7C920E82" author="Choo-Toh, G. T. & Hails, C. J. & Harrison, B. & Wee, Y. C. & Wong, Y. K." box="[1248,1436,439,465]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref297057" refString="Choo-Toh, G. T., Hails, C. J., Harrison, B., Wee, Y. C. & Wong, Y. K. (1985) A Guide to the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 138 pp." type="book" year="1985">
|
||
Choo-Toh
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFAA146EE7C980E82" box="[1373,1430,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
1985: 128 (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FFB1B85DFF0B46A67D3F0D4A" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[247,1073,511,537]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFB1B85DFF0B46A678AF0D4A" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[247,417,511,537]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kaloula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulcra">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFF0B46A678AF0D4A" box="[247,417,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Kaloula pulcra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—E.K.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB1B85DFE0446A67BBC0D4A" author="Chua, E. K." box="[504,690,511,537]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref298108" refString="Chua, E. K. (2010) Wetlands in a City: The Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve. Simply Green, Singapore, 176 pp." type="book" year="2010">Chua, 2010: 103</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFB1B85DFF6B457A7C220B42" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FFB1B85DFF6B457A7C220B42" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFF6B457A78050D6E" bold="true" box="[151,267,547,573]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFB1B85DFEE7457A78D30D6E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[283,477,547,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kaloula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFEE7457A78D30D6E" box="[283,477,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Kaloula pulchra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
represents Singapore’s second earliest-recorded non-native amphibian after
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFB1B85DFA7D457A7B380D32" authority="(Girard 1858 b)" baseAuthorityName="Girard" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bengalensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFA7D457A78750D32" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">D. bengalensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB1B85DFE73451E7B200D32" author="Girard, C." box="[399,558,582,609]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref307400" refString="Girard, C. (1858 b) United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842, under the command of Charles Wilkes, U. S. N. Vol. XX. Herpetology. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott and Company, xvii + 496 pp., 32 pls." type="book" year="1858">Girard 1858b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The native distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFB1B85DFC8B451E7AFD0D32" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[887,1011,583,609]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kaloula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFC8B451E7AFD0D32" box="[887,1011,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">K. pulchra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
encompasses northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFACC451E7C640D32" box="[1328,1386,583,609]" name="India" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFF0B453278730DD6" box="[247,381,619,645]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
, east to southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFDBA45327B870DD6" box="[582,649,619,645]" name="China" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFD3F45327A160DD6" box="[707,792,619,645]" name="Taiwan" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and south throughout Indochina to Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFACA45327C930DD6" box="[1334,1437,619,645]" name="Malaysia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Frost 2017). Populations from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFDAB45D67BC50DFA" box="[599,715,655,681]" name="Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFD2B45D67A490DFA" box="[727,839,655,681]" name="Indonesia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFC5545D67D290DFA" box="[937,1063,655,681]" name="Philippines" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
are considered introduced (Ng & Yeo 1990;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB1B85DFE8F45EA78F90D9E" author="Lever, C." box="[371,503,691,717]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refId="ref323949" refString="Lever, C. (2003) Naturalized Reptiles and Amphibians of the World. Oxford University Press, Oxford, xx + 318 pp." type="book" year="2003">Lever 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Sy
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFDD645EA7B6D0D9E" box="[554,611,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFD2745EA7A410D9E" box="[731,847,691,717]" name="Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFB1B85DFCA745EA7ADA0D9E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[859,980,691,717]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kaloula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFCA745EA7ADA0D9E" box="[859,980,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">K. pulchra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was first documented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB1B85DFB0645EA7C920D9E" author="Flower, S. S." box="[1274,1436,691,717]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="856 - 914" refId="ref305802" refString="Flower, S. S. (1896) Notes on a collection of reptiles and batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula in 1895 - 96; with a list of the species recorded from that region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896 (4), 856 - 914, pls. 44 - 46." type="journal article" year="1896">Flower (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who was informed that the species was unknown in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFC9D458E7ADD0DA2" box="[865,979,727,753]" name="Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
until about 10 years prior, “introduced by a half-caste”, and rapidly spread throughout the island.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB1B85DFC6645A27D3A0C46" author="Flower, S. S." box="[922,1076,763,789]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="600 - 696" refId="ref305863" refString="Flower, S. S. (1899 b) Notes on a second collection of reptiles made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 - September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1899 (4), 600 - 696, pls. 36 - 37." type="journal article" year="1899">Flower (1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
a) believed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFB1B85DFB1245A27C690C46" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[1262,1383,763,789]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kaloula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFB1245A27C690C46" box="[1262,1383,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">K. pulchra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was introduced from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFE4D44467B160C6A" box="[433,536,799,825]" name="Thailand" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. By 1904,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFB1B85DFD7144467A0A0C6A" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[653,772,799,825]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kaloula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFD7144467A0A0C6A" box="[653,772,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">K. pulchra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was already considered prolific in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFB7B44467DF70C6A" box="[1159,1273,799,825]" name="Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB1B85DFAFA44467C9E0C6A" author="Butler, A. L." box="[1286,1424,799,825]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="387 - 402" refId="ref293860" refString="Butler, A. L. (1904) A list of the batrachians known to inhabit the Malay Peninsula, with some remarks on their habits, distribution, & c. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 15 (3), 387 - 402." type="journal article" year="1904">Butler 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB1B85DFF0B441A78D00C0E" author="Lim, K. K. P." box="[247,478,835,861]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="50 - 51" refId="ref325901" refString="Lim, K. K. P. (1996) Hop, slither and glide. In: Lum, S. & Sharp, I. (Eds.), A View from the Summit: The Story of Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. Nanyang Technological University, National University of Singapore and National Parks Board, Singapore, pp. 50 - 51." type="book chapter" year="1996">Lim & Chou (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFB1B85DFD6D441A7A040C0E" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[657,778,835,861]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kaloula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFD6D441A7A040C0E" box="[657,778,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">K. pulchra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
entered the country as stowaways, and Ng & Yeo (2012) commented that although they are not currently eaten in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFC82443E7AFC0CD2" box="[894,1010,871,897]" name="Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
, individuals may have been imported as a food source. Regardless of the introduction pathway,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFB1B85DFC6144D27D160CF6" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[925,1048,907,933]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kaloula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFC6144D27D160CF6" box="[925,1048,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">K. pulchra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is well-established, common and widespread in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFE6144F67B1F0C9A" box="[413,529,943,969]" name="Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but is not considered invasive (Ng & Yeo 2012). Since it was first reported,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFB1B85DFA7F44F678400CBE" authority="Gray, 1831" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Kaloula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchra">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFA7F44F678400CBE" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">K. pulchra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been continuously mentioned in the literature throughout the years, with the longest hiatus between unique observations being 60 years (
|
||
<tableCitation id="4D7BAFDEFFB1B85DFD0944AE7A420B42" box="[757,844,1015,1041]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="16.[152,254,432,458]" captionTargetBox="[207,1414,726,1982]" captionText="TABLE 2. Checklist of the 166 herpetofauna species of Singapore, the year the first specimen was reported or collected, status in Singapore, and number of years went unreported from Singapore prior to 1990. If the reference is from a museum collection, then the museum symbolic code is listed. Under status, IND = Indeterminate (possibly extirpated). Year in parentheses under the last column is the year the species was last reported from Singapore. The herpetofauna of Singapore comprises 31 amphibians and 135 reptiles consisting of two caecilians, 29 frogs (five non-native), 1 crocodilian, 17 turtles (four non-native), 40 lizards (6 non-native), and 77 snakes (two non-native). If the year collected is not specified, then the year reported is used in its place." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5486CAEDFF8AB866FF6446E978550D95" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" tableUuid="5486CAEDFF8AB866FF6446E978550D95">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
), between
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB1B85DFC3944AE7D530B42" author="Butler, A. L." box="[965,1117,1015,1041]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="387 - 402" refId="ref293860" refString="Butler, A. L. (1904) A list of the batrachians known to inhabit the Malay Peninsula, with some remarks on their habits, distribution, & c. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 15 (3), 387 - 402." type="journal article" year="1904">Butler (1904)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFB1B85DFB6F44AE7C260B42" author="Berry, P. Y." box="[1171,1320,1015,1041]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" pagination="227 - 243" refId="ref291289" refString="Berry, P. Y. (1964) The breeding patterns of seven species of Singapore anura. Journal of Animal Ecology, 33 (2), 227 - 243. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2629" type="journal article" year="1964">Berry (1964)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFB1B85DFF6B43437B250B66" box="[151,555,1050,1077]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FFB1B85DFF6B43437B250B66" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[151,555,1050,1077]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFF6B434378240B67" bold="true" box="[151,298,1050,1076]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Occurrence.</emphasis>
|
||
Ubiquitous. Common.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFB1B85DFF6B43677BDB0BF2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FFB1B85DFF6B43677BB30B0A" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[151,701,1086,1113]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFF6B43677B0A0B0A" bold="true" box="[151,516,1086,1113]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Singapore conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
Not Applicable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FFB1B85DFF6B433B7BC40B2E" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[151,714,1122,1149]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFF6B433B78AF0B2F" bold="true" box="[151,417,1122,1148]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Conservation priority.</emphasis>
|
||
None, non-native species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FFB1B85DFF6B43DF7BDB0BF2" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,2013]" box="[151,725,1158,1185]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFF6B43DF78DC0BF2" bold="true" box="[151,466,1158,1185]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">IUCN conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
Least Concern [2022].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFB1B85DFF6B43F37DC4088E" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FFB1B85DFF6B43F37DD20902" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFF6B43F37AE60B97" bold="true" box="[151,1000,1194,1221]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
LKCNHM & NHMUK Museum specimens.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFD3943F37A300B97" box="[709,830,1194,1220]" name="Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
[no locality]:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
BMNH 1983.976 (no date), BMNH 1896.6.25.88–93 (no date), BMNH 1956.1.10.61–63 (no date), ZRC.1.124 (
|
||
<date id="7447BCA5FFB1B85DFB9C43967DF50BBA" box="[1120,1275,1231,1257]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1904-03-14">14-Mar-1904</date>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFAED43977B610A5F" bold="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Ayer Rajah Campus [= NUS Kent Ridge]:</emphasis>
|
||
ZRC.1.1211–ZRC.1.1212 (
|
||
<date id="7447BCA5FFB1B85DFC4D43AA7D430A5E" box="[945,1101,1267,1293]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1976-03-24">24-Mar-1976</date>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFB9943AB7C320A5F" bold="true" box="[1125,1340,1266,1292]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Botanic Gardens:</emphasis>
|
||
BMNH 1974.3233–3235 (no date), ZRC.1.1378 (
|
||
<date id="7447BCA5FFB1B85DFD3F424E7A3B0A62" box="[707,821,1303,1329]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1970-02">Feb-1970</date>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFCBB424F7DA90A62" bold="true" box="[839,1191,1302,1329]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Bukit Timah Nature Reserve:</emphasis>
|
||
ZRC.1.8050 (13-Jun-2001),
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFB1B85DFEB642637AF20A06" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688263" box="[330,1020,1338,1365]" collectingDate="2002-12-31" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFB1B85DFEB64263788D0A06" box="[330,387,1338,1365]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.1.10325 (
|
||
<date id="7447BCA5FFB1B85DFE0A42627B9E0A06" box="[502,656,1339,1365]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2002-12-31">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFB1B85DFE0A42627B9E0A06" box="[502,656,1339,1365]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2002-12-31">31-Dec-2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFD5B42637AF20A06" bold="true" box="[679,1020,1338,1365]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Commonwealth Drive Park</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFC0042627D0F0A06" bold="true" box="[1020,1025,1339,1365]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">:</emphasis>
|
||
ZRC.1.2773–ZRC.1.2774 (07-
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFB1B85DFA9B42627C960A2A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4436802306" collectingDate="1974-12-07" collectingDateMax="1996-11" collectingDateMin="1974-12-07" collectionCode="ZRC" location="Coast" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="West Coast">
|
||
Sep-1981);
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFEB0420678E40A2A" bold="true" box="[332,490,1375,1401]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Dover Road:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFB1B85DFE0A42067B210A2A" box="[502,559,1375,1401]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.1.1379 (
|
||
<date id="7447BCA5FFB1B85DFD6842067A200A2A" box="[660,814,1375,1401]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1974-12-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFB1B85DFD6842067A200A2A" box="[660,814,1375,1401]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1974-12-07">07-Dec-1974</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFCBB42067ADB0A2B" bold="true" box="[839,981,1374,1401]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
East
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FFB1B85DFC7442077ADF0A2B" box="[904,977,1374,1400]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Coast</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFB1B85DFC1D42077D140A2A" box="[993,1050,1374,1401]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.1.3443–
|
||
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFB1B85DFB8642077DBD0A2A" box="[1146,1203,1374,1401]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.1.3445 (
|
||
<date id="7447BCA5FFB1B85DFAE442067C9E0A2A" box="[1304,1424,1375,1401]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1996-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFB1B85DFAE442067C9E0A2A" box="[1304,1424,1375,1401]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1996-11">Nov-1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFF0B42DB78C80ACF" bold="true" box="[247,454,1410,1436]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Hindhede Drive:</emphasis>
|
||
ZRC.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFB1B85DFDEC42DB7D4D0ACE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688368" box="[528,1091,1410,1437]" collectingDate="1989-01-18" collectionCode="NTU" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1">
|
||
1.1578 (
|
||
<date id="7447BCA5FFB1B85DFD8842DA7A080ACE" box="[628,774,1411,1437]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1989-01-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFB1B85DFD8842DA7A080ACE" box="[628,774,1411,1437]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1989-01-18">18-Jan-1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFCDC42DA7D4D0ACE" bold="true" box="[800,1091,1410,1437]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Jurong Campus [
|
||
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFB1B85DFC0142DA7D360ACE" box="[1021,1080,1411,1437]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">NTU</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFBBF42DA7D450ACE" bold="true" box="[1091,1099,1411,1437]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFB1B85DFBA542DA7C960ACE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687547" box="[1113,1432,1411,1437]" collectingDate="1980-04-07" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFB1B85DFBA542DA7D9D0ACE" box="[1113,1171,1411,1437]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.1.1213 (
|
||
<date id="7447BCA5FFB1B85DFB0542DA7C9E0ACE" box="[1273,1424,1411,1437]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1980-04-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFB1B85DFB0542DA7C9E0ACE" box="[1273,1424,1411,1437]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1980-04-07">07-Apr-1980</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFB1B85DFF0B42FE7A7F0A92" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688199" box="[247,881,1447,1473]" collectingDate="1981-04-08" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFB1B85DFF0B42FE783E0A92" box="[247,304,1447,1473]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.1.1214–
|
||
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFB1B85DFE6C42FE78C70A92" box="[400,457,1447,1473]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.1.1217 (
|
||
<date id="7447BCA5FFB1B85DFDD442FE7BB10A92" box="[552,703,1447,1473]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1981-04-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFB1B85DFDD442FE7BB10A92" box="[552,703,1447,1473]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1981-04-08">08-Apr-1981</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFD2E42FE7A7F0A92" bold="true" box="[722,881,1447,1473]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Jurong Road</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFC8D42FE7A780A92" bold="true" box="[881,886,1447,1473]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFB1B85DFC8042FE7C920A93" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688836" box="[892,1436,1446,1473]" collectingDate="1996-09" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFB1B85DFC8042FE7ABB0A92" box="[892,949,1447,1473]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.1.3446–
|
||
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFB1B85DFBEA42FE7D410A92" box="[1046,1103,1447,1473]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.1.3448 (
|
||
<date id="7447BCA5FFB1B85DFB5142FE7C110A92" box="[1197,1311,1447,1473]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1996-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFB1B85DFB5142FE7C110A92" box="[1197,1311,1447,1473]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1996-09">Sep-1996</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFACD42FF7C920A93" bold="true" box="[1329,1436,1446,1472]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lim Chu</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFF0B429278870AB6" bold="true" box="[247,393,1483,1509]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Kang Road:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFB1B85DFE6C42927D310AB6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688033" box="[400,1087,1482,1509]" collectingDate="2001-04-23" collectionCode="ZRC, LPF" location="Lower Peirce Reservoir" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFB1B85DFE6C429278C70AB6" box="[400,457,1483,1509]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.1.8016 (
|
||
<date id="7447BCA5FFB1B85DFDD542927BCF0AB6" box="[553,705,1483,1509]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2001-04-23">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFB1B85DFDD542927BCF0AB6" box="[553,705,1483,1509]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2001-04-23">23-Apr-2001</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFD2942927D310AB6" bold="true" box="[725,1087,1482,1509]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<location id="0526CCBEFFB1B85DFD2942927AE00AB7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FFB0B85DFF6B43167DC4088E:0526CCBEFFB1B85DFD2942927AE00AB7" box="[725,1006,1482,1509]" name="Lower Peirce Reservoir" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Lower Peirce Reservoir</location>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFB1B85DFC0342927D3A0AB6" box="[1023,1076,1483,1509]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">LPF</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFBC342927D490AB6" bold="true" box="[1087,1095,1483,1509]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFB1B85DFBB142937C960AB6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689749" box="[1101,1432,1482,1509]" collectingDate="2003-03-14" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFB1B85DFBB142937D880AB6" box="[1101,1158,1482,1509]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.1.10526 (
|
||
<date id="7447BCA5FFB1B85DFB0942927C9E0AB6" box="[1269,1424,1483,1509]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2003-03-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFB1B85DFB0942927C9E0AB6" box="[1269,1424,1483,1509]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2003-03-14">14-Mar-2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFF0B42B778A4095B" bold="true" box="[247,426,1518,1544]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Marina South:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFB1B85DFE4F42B67D41095A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688221" box="[435,1103,1518,1545]" collectingDate="2004-03-14" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFB1B85DFE4F42B678E2095A" box="[435,492,1519,1545]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.1.11327 (
|
||
<date id="7447BCA5FFB1B85DFDA742B67BFB095A" box="[603,757,1519,1545]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2004-03-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFB1B85DFDA742B67BFB095A" box="[603,757,1519,1545]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2004-03-14">14-Mar-2004</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFCF742B77D41095A" bold="true" box="[779,1103,1518,1545]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Pasir Ris Park Mangroves</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFBB342B67D5A095A" bold="true" box="[1103,1108,1519,1545]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFB1B85DFBA142B67C96095A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687433" box="[1117,1432,1519,1545]" collectingDate="2001-04-16" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFB1B85DFBA142B67D98095A" box="[1117,1174,1519,1545]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.1.7970 (
|
||
<date id="7447BCA5FFB1B85DFB0442B67C9E095A" box="[1272,1424,1519,1545]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2001-04-16">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFB1B85DFB0442B67C9E095A" box="[1272,1424,1519,1545]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2001-04-16">16-Apr-2001</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFF0B414A78A2097E" bold="true" box="[247,428,1555,1581]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Pulau Tekong:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFB1B85DFE46414A7D4F097F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688005" box="[442,1089,1554,1581]" collectingDate="2001-11-15" collectionCode="ZRC, NUS" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFB1B85DFE46414A78FA097E" box="[442,500,1555,1581]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.1.10891 (
|
||
<date id="7447BCA5FFB1B85DFD94414B7A0B097E" box="[616,773,1554,1581]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2001-11-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFB1B85DFD94414B7A0B097E" box="[616,773,1554,1581]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2001-11-15">15-Nov-2001</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFCE3414B7D4F097F" bold="true" box="[799,1089,1554,1581]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Science Library [
|
||
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFB1B85DFC00414B7D34097F" box="[1020,1082,1554,1580]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">NUS</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFBBD414B7D48097F" bold="true" box="[1089,1094,1554,1580]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFB1B85DFBA9414B7C96097E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687434" box="[1109,1432,1554,1581]" collectingDate="1991-03-19" collectionCode="ZRC" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFB1B85DFBA9414B7D81097E" box="[1109,1167,1554,1581]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.1.3523 (
|
||
<date id="7447BCA5FFB1B85DFB09414A7C81097E" box="[1269,1423,1555,1581]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1991-03-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFB1B85DFB09414A7C81097E" box="[1269,1423,1555,1581]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1991-03-19">19-Mar-1991</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFB1B85DFF0B416E7DD20902" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120687748" box="[247,1244,1590,1617]" collectingDate="2002-05-04" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" location="Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCode="BMNH 1983.112" specimenCount="1">
|
||
Seletar Reservoir:
|
||
<specimenCode id="505F321EFFB1B85DFE34416E7B850902" box="[456,651,1591,1617]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">BMNH 1983.112</specimenCode>
|
||
(no date);
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFCF9416F7A9E0902" bold="true" box="[773,912,1590,1617]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Sime Road:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFB1B85DFC6B416F7ADE0902" box="[919,976,1590,1617]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">ZRC</collectionCode>
|
||
.1.9659 (
|
||
<date id="7447BCA5FFB1B85DFBCC416E7DDF0902" box="[1072,1233,1591,1617]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2002-05-04">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFB1B85DFBCC416E7DDF0902" box="[1072,1233,1591,1617]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="2002-05-04">04-May-2002</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FFB1B85DFF6B41037A6F09EE" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFF6B41037AA50927" bold="true" box="[151,939,1626,1653]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Additional
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFEE2410378990927" box="[286,407,1626,1652]" name="Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
museum specimens.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFD6F41037A020927" box="[659,780,1626,1652]" name="Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
(no locality):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFB1B85DFC4F41027C960926" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689686" box="[947,1432,1627,1653]" collectingDate="2002-05-04" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" location="Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCode="BMNH 1983.112" specimenCount="1">CAS, FMNH, KU, MCZ, UIMNH, ZFMK</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFF0B412778C609CB" bold="true" box="[247,456,1662,1688]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Botanic Gardens:</emphasis>
|
||
BPBM, CAS, ZFMK;
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFD3941267AD109CA" bold="true" box="[709,991,1662,1689]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Eng Neo Avenue Forest:</emphasis>
|
||
BPBM;
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFBC341267C4F09CA" bold="true" box="[1087,1345,1663,1689]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Kampong Java Road:</emphasis>
|
||
BPBM;
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFF0B41FB7A0A09EF" bold="true" box="[247,772,1698,1725]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">University of Malaya [= NUS Bukit Timah]:</emphasis>
|
||
BPBM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00469A65FFB1B85DFF6B419F7DC4088E" blockId="43.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="328D4677FFB1B85DFF6B419F788909B3" bold="true" box="[151,391,1734,1760]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Singapore localities.</emphasis>
|
||
Admiralty Park—Alexandra Woodlands—Bukit Timah Nature Reserve—Clementi Forest— Commonwealth Drive Park—Dairy Farm Nature Park—Dover Road—East Coast (not specified)—Eng
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="E022001FFFB1B85DFF0B405678DD087A" box="[247,467,1807,1833]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Neo Avenue Forest</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
—Hindhede Drive—Jurong Road—Kampong
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FFB1B85DFC1A40567D16087A" box="[998,1048,1807,1833]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Java</collectingRegion>
|
||
Road—
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FFB1B85DFB8540567DA1087A" box="[1145,1199,1807,1833]" country="United Kingdom" name="Kent" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Kent</collectingRegion>
|
||
Ridge Park—Kranji Marshes—Lim Chu Kang Road—
|
||
<location id="0526CCBEFFB1B85DFD93406A7A43081E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FFB0B85DFF6B43167DC4088E:0526CCBEFFB1B85DFD93406A7A43081E" box="[623,845,1843,1869]" municipality="Neo Avenue Forest" name="Lower Peirce Forest" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">Lower Peirce Forest</location>
|
||
—Marina South—Nanyang Technological University Jurong Campus—National University of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFD10400E7A500822" box="[748,862,1879,1905]" name="Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
Bukit Timah Campus—National University of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFF0B4022786708C6" box="[247,361,1915,1941]" name="Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
Kent Ridge Campus—Night Safari—Pang Sua Woodland—Pasir Panjang Hill—Pasir Ris Park Mangroves—Pulau Semakau—Pulau Tekong—Pulau Ubin—Seletar Reservoir—Sime Road—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFAD040C67C9308EA" box="[1324,1437,1951,1977]" name="Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
Botanic Gardens—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFB1B85DFE33409A7B4E088E" box="[463,576,1987,2013]" name="Singapore" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
Zoo—Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve—West Coast Park.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |