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<mods:title id="819E49ADB70EBC282260A7447A690046">Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="95D3CF53CB691D701843D038D130875E">Low, Martyn E. Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B0F98A776019EF237D51884BC8E38A55">Lim, Kelvin K. P.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="88502B73FFA4B837FF6B46187D2A0803" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7967032" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209662534" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7967032" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FFA4B837FF6B46187D2A0803" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88502B73FFA4B837FF6B46187D2A0803" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFA4B848FF6B46187BA60E08" box="[151,680,321,348]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA4B848FF6B46187BA60E08" blockId="62.[151,1437,321,2041]" box="[151,680,321,348]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA4B848FF6B46187B3B0E0F" ID-CoL="ZKNP" authority="Schneider, 1801" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[151,565,321,348]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Crocodylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FF6B461878750E0F" bold="true" box="[151,379,321,348]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Crocodylus porosus</emphasis>
Schneider, 1801
</taxonomicName>
—
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FDAF46187BA60E08" bold="true" box="[595,680,321,347]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Native.</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA4B848FF0B463F7A0E0ED2" authority="Schneider, 1801: 159 - 160" authorityName="Schneider" authorityPageNumber="159 - 160" authorityYear="1801" box="[247,768,358,385]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Crocodilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FF0B463F78DF0ED3" box="[247,465,358,384]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Crocodilus porosus</emphasis>
Schneider, 1801: 159–160
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FFA4B848FCF6463F7A700ED3" box="[778,894,358,384]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
: ZMB 278, designated by Wermuth (1954: 485);
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FFA4B848FEAB46D378F70EF7" box="[343,505,394,420]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
(2): ZFMK 40955–56, according to B̂hme (2010: 107); type material as “cited by Schneider (1801) included this specimen [
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FFA4B848FCCB46F77AAA0E9B" box="[823,932,430,456]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
] from the Bloch collection,
<specimenCount id="16FF51ECFFA4B848FB1B46F77C930E9B" box="[1255,1437,430,456]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
from the Ĝttingen Museum [the
<specimenCount id="16FF51ECFFA4B848FD2B468B7ABF0EBF" box="[727,945,466,492]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="generic" typeStatus="paralectotypes">two paralectotypes</specimenCount>
], and specimens figured by Seba (1734: pl. 104, fig. 12) and
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FDE346AF7BBE0D43" author="Knorr, G. W." box="[543,688,502,528]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref318477" refString="Knorr, G. W. (1766 - 1767) Deliciae naturae selectae; oder, auserlesenes Naturalien-Cabinet welches aus den drey Reichen der Natur zeiget, was von curiosen Liebhabern aufbehalten und gesammlet zu warden verdienet. [Heirs of G. W. Knorr], N ¸ rnberg, 13 + viii + xx + 144 pp., 91 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 149936" type="book" year="1766">Knorr (1766</bibRefCitation>
: vol. 2: pl. 5, fig. 4)” according to
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FBBE46AF7C960D42" author="Bauer, A. M. &amp; Gnther, R." box="[1090,1432,502,530]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="243 - 247" refId="ref290539" refString="Bauer, A. M. &amp; Gnther, R. (2006) An annotated catalogue of the types of crocodilians (Reptilia: Crocodylia) in the collection of the Museum fur Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin (ZMB). Zoosystematics and Evolution, 82 (2), 243 - 247. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 200600010" type="journal article" year="2006">Bauer &amp; Ģnther (2006: 245)</bibRefCitation>
. Type locality: None stated/traced; later designated as “the East Indies” by
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FB48454378830D0B" author="Deraniyagala, P. E. P." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref303188" refString="Deraniyagala, P. E. P. (1939) The tetrapod reptiles of Ceylon. Vol. I. Testudinates and Crocodilians. - Colombo Museum, Colombo. xxxii + 412 pp., 24 pls." type="book" year="1939">Deraniyagala (1939: 278)</bibRefCitation>
; later restricted to “
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA4B848FD9345677BA30D0B" box="[623,685,574,600]" name="India" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">India</collectingCountry>
” via
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FFA4B848FD1645677A5F0D0B" box="[746,849,574,600]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
designation; later restricted to “Mainland of Hither
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA4B848FEAB453B789D0D2F" box="[343,403,610,636]" name="India" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">India</collectingCountry>
” by Wermuth (1960: 26); later restricted to “
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA4B848FC74453B7AD30D2F" box="[904,989,610,636]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Ceylon</collectingCountry>
” (=
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA4B848FBF2453B7D700D2F" box="[1038,1150,610,636]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
) by
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FB53453B7C970D2F" author="Mertens, R." box="[1199,1433,610,636]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="267 - 272" refId="ref330910" refString="Mertens, R. (1960) Zur Systematik und Nomenklatur der Ceylon-Krokodile. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 41, 267 - 272." type="journal article" year="1960">Mertens (1960: 271)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA4B848FF6B45DF78780DF3" blockId="62.[151,1437,321,2041]" box="[151,374,646,672]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Estuarine Crocodile</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFA4B848FF6B45F378120D97" box="[151,284,682,708]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="description">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA4B848FF6B45F378120D97" blockId="62.[151,1437,321,2041]" box="[151,284,682,708]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
(
<figureCitation id="98C286E0FFA4B848FF6345F3781D0D97" box="[159,275,682,708]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="351.[152,255,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-23@351.[151,1436,181,1915]" captionTargetPageId="351" captionText="FIGURE 7. A) Pulchrana laterimaculata, B) Sylvirana guentheri, C) Leptomantis cyanopunctatus, D) Nyctixalus pictus, E) Polypedates leucomystax, F) Theloderma horridum, G) Crocodylus porosus, and H) Caretta caretta. Photographs by: Alex Figueroa [A–B, D–F], Marcus A.H. Chua [C], Jensen G.H. Seah [G], and Kelvin K.P. Lim [H]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7960333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7960333/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Figure 7G</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FF6B459478760DBB" bold="true" box="[151,376,717,744]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA4B848FF6B4594781E0DB4" box="[151,272,717,743]" name="Singapore" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Singapore</collectingCountry>
records.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFA4B848FF0B45AB7B6B0CB6" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA4B848FF0B45AB7BE40C93" blockId="62.[151,1437,321,2041]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFFA4B848FF0B45AB7BE40C93" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA4B848FF0B45AB78D40C5F" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[247,474,754,780]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Crocodilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FF0B45AB78D40C5F" box="[247,474,754,780]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Crocodilus porosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA4B848FE0A45AB7BD20C5F" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[502,732,754,780]" page="622" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1847">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FE0A45AB7BD20C5F" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[502,732,754,780]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="607 - 656" refId="ref294201" refString="Cantor, T. E. (1847 a) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands, collected or observed by Theodore Cantor, Esq., M. D. Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16 (Part 2, No. 180), 607 - 656, pl. 20. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5057" type="journal article" year="1847">Cantor, 1847a: 622</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA4B848FD0145AB7AFF0C5F" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[765,1009,754,780]" page="1067" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1847">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FD0145AB7AFF0C5F" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[765,1009,754,780]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1026 - 1078" refId="ref294357" refString="Cantor, T. E. (1847 c) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands, collected or observed by Theodore Cantor, Esq., M. D. Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16 (Part 2, No. 183), 1026 - 1078. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5057" type="journal article" year="1847">Cantor, 1847c: 1067</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA4B848FBEF45AB7C2A0C5E" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[1043,1316,754,781]" page="285" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1889">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FBEF45AB7C2A0C5E" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[1043,1316,754,781]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref292062" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1889 a) Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History). New edition. Taylor and Francis, London, x + 311 pp." type="book" year="1889">Boulenger, 1889a: 285</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA4B848FAB945AB78C50C63" author="Flower, S. S." page="862" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1896">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FAB945AB78C50C63" author="Flower, S. S." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="856 - 914" refId="ref305802" refString="Flower, S. S. (1896) Notes on a collection of reptiles and batrachians made in the Malay Peninsula in 1895 - 96; with a list of the species recorded from that region. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896 (4), 856 - 914, pls. 44 - 46." type="journal article" year="1896">Flower, 1896: 862</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Pandan
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FFA4B848FDC7444F7B730C63" box="[571,637,790,816]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">River</collectingRegion>
; Serangoon).—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA4B848FCD3444F7AF50C63" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[815,1019,790,816]" page="9" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1898">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FCD3444F7AF50C63" author="Hanitsch, R." box="[815,1019,790,816]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="11 - 22" refId="ref312325" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1898) Annual report of the curator and librarian on the Raffles Library and Museum, for the Year Ending 31 st December, 1897. In: Straits Settlements, Annual Reports for the Year 1898. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 11 - 22." type="book chapter" year="1898">Hanitsch, 1898: 9</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA4B848FBE0444F7DFB0C63" author="Flower, S. S." box="[1052,1269,790,816]" page="623" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1899">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FBE0444F7DFB0C63" author="Flower, S. S." box="[1052,1269,790,816]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="600 - 696" refId="ref305863" refString="Flower, S. S. (1899 b) Notes on a second collection of reptiles made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 - September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1899 (4), 600 - 696, pls. 36 - 37." type="journal article" year="1899">Flower, 1899: 623</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 625 (Tanjong Pagar Wharf [= Tanjong Pagar Terminal]).—Ridley, 1899: 189.—Hanitsch, 1908: 40.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA4B848FACC446378C80C2B" author="Hanitsch, R." page="14" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1912">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FACC446378C80C2B" author="Hanitsch, R." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref312636" refString="Hanitsch, R. (1912 b) List of the Birds, Reptiles and Amphibians in the Raffles Museum, Singapore. Raffles Library and Museum, Singapore, 19 pp." type="book" year="1912">Hanitsch, 1912b: 14</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA4B848FE1444077A0A0C2B" author="de Rooij, N." box="[488,772,862,889]" page="337" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1915">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FE1444077A0A0C2B" author="de Rooij, N." box="[488,772,862,889]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref303228" refString="de Rooij, N. (1915) The Reptiles of the Indo-Australian Archipelago. I. Lacertilia, Chelonia, Emydosaura. E. J. Brill, Leiden, xiv + 384 pp." type="book" year="1915">de Rooij, 1915: 337–338</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—D.S.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA4B848FCAA44077D2E0C2A" author="Johnson, D. S." box="[854,1056,862,889]" page="25" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1964">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FCAA44077D2E0C2A" author="Johnson, D. S." box="[854,1056,862,889]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref316687" refString="Johnson, D. S. (1964) An Introduction to the Natural History of Singapore. Rayirath (Raybooks) Publications, Singapore, x + 106 pp." type="book" year="1964">Johnson, 1964: 25</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Jurong-Pandan Area).—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA4B848FAC2440778A50CCF" author="Chuang, S. H." page="3" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FAC2440778A50CCF" author="Chuang, S. H." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref299032" refString="Chuang, S. H. (1973) Introduction. In: Chuang, S. H. (Ed.), Animal Life and Nature in Singapore. Singapore University Press, Singapore, pp. 1 - 6." type="book chapter" year="1973">Chuang, 1973: 3</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA4B848FE3044DB7A140CCE" author="Harrison J. L. &amp; Tham, A. K." box="[460,794,898,925]" page="253" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FE3044DB7A140CCE" author="Harrison J. L. &amp; Tham, A. K." box="[460,794,898,925]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="251 - 259" refId="ref312796" refString="Harrison J. L. &amp; Tham, A. K. (1973) The exploitation of animals. In: Chuang, S. H. (Ed.), Animal Life and Nature in Singapore. Singapore University Press, Singapore, pp. 251 - 259." type="book chapter" year="1973">Harrison &amp; Tham, 1973: 253</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—L.M.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA4B848FC8044DB7D630CCF" author="Chou L. M. &amp; Ho, S. H. &amp; Khoo, H. W. &amp; Lam, T. J. &amp; Murphy, D. H. &amp; Tan, W. H." box="[892,1133,898,924]" page="71" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FC8044DB7D630CCF" author="Chou L. M. &amp; Ho, S. H. &amp; Khoo, H. W. &amp; Lam, T. J. &amp; Murphy, D. H. &amp; Tan, W. H." box="[892,1133,898,924]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 76" refId="ref297685" refString="Chou L. M., Ho, S. H., Khoo, H. W., Lam, T. J., Murphy, D. H. &amp; Tan, W. H. (1980) The Present State of Mangrove Ecosystems in Southeast Asia and the Impact of Pollution - Singapore. South China Sea Fisheries Development and Coordinating Programme, Manila. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and United Nations Environment Programme, SCS / 80 / WP / 94 d (Rev.), pp. i - vi + 1 - 76." type="journal article" year="1980">
Chou
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FC3D44DA7AF40CCF" box="[961,1018,898,924]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
, 1980: 71
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—L.M. Chou &amp; T.J. Lam, 1989: 92.—D.S.
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FFA4B848FDEA44FF7BEB0C93" author="Johnson, D. S." box="[534,741,934,960]" page="34" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" year="1992">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FDEA44FF7BEB0C93" author="Johnson, D. S." box="[534,741,934,960]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref316808" refString="Johnson, D. S. (1992) Natural History of Singapore. Revised Edition. Tynron Press, Leicestershire, ix + 142 pp." type="book" year="1992">Johnson, 1992: 34</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA4B848FF0B44937B6B0CB6" blockId="62.[151,1437,321,2041]" box="[247,613,970,997]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">“Alligators”—Oxley, 1849: 596.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFA4B848FF0B44B77D6C0B27" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="description">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA4B848FF0B44B77BAE0B5B" blockId="62.[151,1437,321,2041]" box="[247,672,1006,1033]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
“[A]lligators”—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FE5644B77B920B5B" author="Crawfurd, J." box="[426,668,1006,1033]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref299805" refString="Crawfurd, J. (1856) A Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands and Adjacent Countries. Bradbury and Evans, London, [i] + 459 pp." type="book" year="1856">Crawfurd, 1856: 398</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA4B848FF0B434B7BD00B7F" blockId="62.[151,1437,321,2041]" box="[247,734,1042,1068]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA4B848FF0B434B78FF0B7F" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1807" box="[247,497,1042,1068]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Crocodilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="biporcatus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FF0B434B78FF0B7F" box="[247,497,1042,1068]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Crocodilus biporcatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—M̧ller, 1878: 749.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA4B848FF0B436F7D6C0B27" blockId="62.[151,1437,321,2041]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
“Crocodile”—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FE67436F7B6D0B03" author="Knight, V." box="[411,611,1078,1104]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="97 - 100" refId="ref318405" refString="Knight, V. (1887) Annual reports on the Raffles Library and Museum. Straits Settlements: Annual Reports for the Year 1886. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 97 - 100." type="book chapter" year="1887">Knight, 1887: 99</bibRefCitation>
(“Ponggol-river” [= Sungei Punggol]).—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FBB5436F7C3A0B02" author="Moulton, J. C." box="[1097,1332,1078,1105]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="557 - 577" refId="ref331801" refString="Moulton, J. C. (1922) Raffles Museum and Library, for the year 1920. Annual Departmental Reports of the Straits Settlements for the Year 1921. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 557 - 577." type="book chapter" year="1922">Moulton, 1922: 567</bibRefCitation>
(Pandan
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FFA4B848FEAB430378940B27" box="[343,410,1114,1140]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">River</collectingRegion>
).—K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FE1843037B9A0B27" author="Lim, K." box="[484,660,1114,1140]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="63 - 66" refId="ref325173" refString="Lim, K. (1989 h) Reptiles, Amphibians and Freshwater Fishes. The Pangolin, 2 (4), 63 - 66." type="journal article" year="1989">Lim, 1989h: 40</bibRefCitation>
.—M.E.Y. Low &amp; Pocklington, 2019: 20.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFA4B836FF0B432778C10D6E" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFA4B836FF0B432778C10D6E" blockId="62.[151,1437,321,2041]" lastBlockId="64.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="64" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA4B848FF0B432778D80BCB" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[247,470,1150,1176]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Crocodylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FF0B432778D80BCB" box="[247,470,1150,1176]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Crocodylus porosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Sharma, 1973: 233.—F.L.K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FCCA43277ADD0BCB" author="Lim, F. L. K." box="[822,979,1150,1176]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="17 - 19" refId="ref324614" refString="Lim, F. L. K. (1984) Reptile and amphibian encounters. In: Wee, Y. - C. (Ed.), Nature in an Urban Singapore. Proceedings of the Seminar on Nature in an Urban Singapore. Singapore Branch of the Malayan Nature Society, Singapore, pp. 17 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1984">Lim, 1984: 18</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FC0B43277DB60BCB" author="Gremli, M." box="[1015,1208,1150,1176]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="60 - 62" refId="ref309560" refString="Gremli, M. (1988) Reptile visitors to local coastal waters. The Pangolin, 1 (3), 60 - 62." type="journal article" year="1988">Gremli, 1988: 62</bibRefCitation>
.—K. Lim &amp; F.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FA9B432778C50BEE" author="Lim, K. &amp; Lim, F." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="74 - 77" refId="ref325357" refString="Lim, K. &amp; Lim, F. (1988 c) Reptiles. The Pangolin, 1 (4), 74 - 77." type="journal article" year="1988">Lim, 1988c: 75</bibRefCitation>
(Woodlands).—K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FD5343FB7A6D0BEF" author="Lim, K." box="[687,867,1186,1212]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="38 - 39" refId="ref325097" refString="Lim, K. (1989 e) Reptiles - Snakes &amp; Lizards. The Pangolin, 2 (3), 38 - 39." type="journal article" year="1989">Lim, 1989e: 39</bibRefCitation>
(Sungei Seletar Reservoir).—K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FB1543FB7C920BEF" author="Lim, K." box="[1257,1436,1186,1212]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="6 - 12" refId="ref325200" refString="Lim, K. (1990 a) Reptiles. The Pangolin, 3 (1 - 4), 6 - 12." type="journal article" year="1990">Lim, 1990a: 11</bibRefCitation>
(Sungei Buloh Bird Sanctuary [= SBWR]).—K.K.P. Lim &amp; L.M. Chou, 1990: 56.—K.K.P.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FA9A439F78B40A57" author="Lim, K. K. P." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="3 - 4" refId="ref325604" refString="Lim, K. K. P. (1991 a) Reptiles &amp; Amphibians. The Pangolin, 4 (1), 3 - 4." type="journal article" year="1991">Lim, 1991a: 4</bibRefCitation>
(Sungei Seminei [Pulau Tekong]).—K.K.P. Lim &amp; F.L.K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FBAB43B37C4C0A57" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[1111,1346,1258,1284]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref326515" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K. (1992) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="1992">Lim, 1992: 123–124</bibRefCitation>
, 151.— K.K.P.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FE5A42577BB90A7B" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Subharaj, R." box="[422,695,1294,1320]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="5 - 9" refId="ref326394" refString="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Subharaj, R. (1992) Reptiles &amp; Amphibians. The Pangolin, 5 (1 - 4), 5 - 9." type="journal article" year="1992">Lim &amp; Subharaj, 1992: 9</bibRefCitation>
(Kranji Reservoir; Marina East).—P.K.L. Ng, 1992a: 143.—P.K.L. Ng, 1992b: 143.—L.M.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FD91426B7A610A1E" author="Chou L. M. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P." box="[621,879,1330,1357]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="70 - 106" refId="ref297613" refString="Chou L. M., Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Lim, K. K. P. (1994) Animalia. In: Wee, Y. C. &amp; Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), A First Look at Biodiversity in Singapore. National Council on the Environment, Singapore, pp. 70 - 106." type="book chapter" year="1994">
Chou
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FD4E426A7BE20A1F" box="[690,748,1330,1356]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
, 1994: 105
</bibRefCitation>
.—K.K.P.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FC1F426B7DAB0A1F" author="Lim, K. K. P." box="[995,1189,1330,1356]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="213 - 227" refId="ref325841" refString="Lim, K. K. P. (1994 b) Reptiles. In: Ng, P. K. L. &amp; Wee, Y. C. (Eds.), The Singapore Red Data Book: Threatened Plants and Animals of Singapore. Nature Society, Singapore, pp. 213 - 227." type="book chapter" year="1994">Lim, 1994b: 224</bibRefCitation>
, 331.—J.K.Y.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FAB0426B78FC0A22" author="Low, J. K. Y. &amp; Arshad, A. &amp; Lim, K. H." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="157 - 169" refId="ref327603" refString="Low, J. K. Y., Arshad, A. &amp; Lim, K. H. (1994) Mangroves as a habitat for endangered species and biodiversity conservation. In: Wilkinson, C., Sudara, S. &amp; Ming, C. L. (Eds.), Proceedings of the Third ASEAN-Australia Symposium on Living Coastal Resources: Status Reviews. Vol. 1. Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 16 - 20 May 1994. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, pp. 157 - 169." type="book chapter" year="1994">
Low
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FA74426A787A0A23" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
, 1994: 158
</bibRefCitation>
.—K. Lim, 1995: 19 (Johor Straits [Woodlands]; Pulau Seletar; Punggol Estuary).— P.K.L. Ng
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FE2C42227B070AC7" box="[464,521,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
, 1995: 124.—R. Subaraj, 1995: 33, 36 (Pulau Ubin).—R.C.H. Teo &amp; Rajathurai, 1997: 392 (MacRitchie Reservoir; Upper Seletar Reservoir).—Sharma, 1998: 149.—Chan-ard
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FEAB429A789D0A8F" box="[343,403,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
, 1999: 41.—P.K.L. Ng &amp; Sivasothi, 1999: 147.—K.P. Lim &amp; F.L.K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FB38429B7C760A8E" author="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K." box="[1220,1400,1474,1501]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref327168" refString="Lim, K. P. &amp; Lim, F. L. K. (2002) A Guide to the Amphibians and Reptiles of Singapore. Revised Edition. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore, 160 pp." type="book" year="2002">Lim, 2002: 151</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FEAB42BF7B560953" author="Anonymous" box="[343,600,1510,1536]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref288767" refString="Anonymous (2003) Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve - A Decade of Wetland Conservation. National Parks Board, Singapore, 98 pp." type="book" year="2003">Anonymous, 2003: 32</bibRefCitation>
, 93 (Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve).—E.K.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FB9F42BF7C3E0952" author="Chua, E. K." box="[1123,1328,1510,1537]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref298082" refString="Chua, E. K. (2007 b) Singapore's Splendour: Life on the Edge. Simply Green, Singapore, 184 pp." type="book" year="2007">Chua, 2007b: 165</bibRefCitation>
.—K.K.P. Lim
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FE6C415278C40977" box="[400,458,1546,1572]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008: 173, 266 (Kallang River Estuary; Kranji Reservoir; Pulau Tekong;
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA4B848FAD741537C930977" box="[1323,1437,1546,1572]" name="Singapore" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">Singapore</collectingCountry>
River Estuary; Seletar Reservoir; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve).—N. Baker &amp; K.P. Lim, 2008: 121, 159.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FE23410B7B9E093F" author="Das, I." box="[479,656,1618,1645]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref300845" refString="Das, I. (2010) A Field Guide to the Reptiles of Thailand and South-East Asia. New Holland, London, 376 pp." type="book" year="2010">Das, 2010: 166</bibRefCitation>
.—P.K.L. Ng
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FCD2410A7A67093F" box="[814,873,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
, 2008: 170.—T.H. Ng &amp; K.K.P. Lim, 2010: 119 (Lower Seletar Reservoir; Sarimbun Reservoir).—H.T.W. Tan
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FBD8412E7D5009C3" box="[1060,1118,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010: 1117.—Webb
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FAA7412E7C9809C3" box="[1371,1430,1654,1680]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010: 99.—L.M.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FDDD41C37BDD09E6" author="Chou, L. M." box="[545,723,1690,1717]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="76 - 87" refId="ref297397" refString="Chou, L. M. (2011) Marine Ecosystems. In: Ng, P. K. L., Corlett, R. T. &amp; Tan, H. T. W. (Eds.), Singapore Biodiversity: An Encyclopedia of the Natural Environment and Sustainable Development. Editions Didier Millet and Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Singapore, pp. 76 - 87." type="book chapter" year="2011">Chou, 2011: 75</bibRefCitation>
.—M.A.H.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FCA841C37D1F09E7" author="Chua, M. A." box="[852,1041,1690,1716]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="277 - 287" refId="ref298358" refString="Chua, M. A. (2011) The herpetofauna and mammals of Semakau Landfill: A Project Semakau checklist. Nature in Singapore, 4, 277 - 287." type="journal article" year="2011">Chua, 2011: 278</bibRefCitation>
(Semakau Landfill [PS]).—P.K.L. Ng
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FE7D41E678B4098B" box="[385,442,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011: 281.—N. Baker &amp; K.P. Lim, 2012: 121, 159.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FBD841E77C3A098B" author="Davison, G. &amp; Tan, R. &amp; Lee, B." box="[1060,1332,1726,1753]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref302263" refString="Davison, G., Tan, R. &amp; Lee, B. (2012) Wild Singapore. John Beaufoy Publishing, Oxford, 208 pp." type="book" year="2012">
Davison
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FB7041E67DCB098B" box="[1164,1221,1726,1752]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012: 88
</bibRefCitation>
.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FAAA41E778F009AF" author="Jaafar, Z. &amp; Yeo, D. C. J. &amp; Tan, H. H. &amp; O'Riordon, R. M." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="79 - 92" refId="ref315897" refString="Jaafar, Z., Yeo, D. C. J., Tan, H. H. &amp; O'Riordon, R. M. (2012) Status of estuarine and marine non-indigenous species in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 25, 79 - 92." type="journal article" year="2012">
Jaafar
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FEAB41BA788009AF" box="[343,398,1762,1788]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
, 2012: 82
</bibRefCitation>
.—M.F.C. Ng, 2012: 146.—M. Ng &amp; Mendyk, 2012: 34–37 (Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve).—The Straits Times, 2014 (East Coast Park; “Strait of Johor off Admiralty Road”; Sungei Buloh [= SBWR]; Sungei Seletar Reservoir [= LS]; Tampines River canal [= Sungei Tampines]).— Chan-ard
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FE3540167B0A083B" box="[457,516,1870,1896]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015: 296.—T. Lim, 2015: 36 (Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve).—K.K.P.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FA9B401778C208DF" author="Lim, K. K. P. &amp; Chua, M. A. H. &amp; Lim, N. T. - L." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="165 - 198" refId="ref327018" refString="Lim, K. K. P., Chua, M. A. H. &amp; Lim, N. T. - L. (2016) Freshwater fishes, terrestrial herpetofauna and mammals of Pulau Tekong, Singapore. Nature in Singapore, 9, 165 - 198." type="journal article" year="2016">Lim, 2016: 176</bibRefCitation>
(Pulau Tekong).—L.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FD30402B7A4708DF" author="Lam, L." box="[716,841,1906,1932]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" refId="ref320885" refString="Lam, L. (2017) Crocodile spotted at East Coast, National Sailing Centre suspends all water activities. The Straits Times, 8 November 2017. Available from: https: // www. straitstimes. com / singapore / environment / crocodile-spotted-in-east-coastwaters-national-sailing-centre-suspends-all (accessed 14 January 2021)" type="url" year="2017">Lam, 2017</bibRefCitation>
(National Sailing Centre [= ECP]).—A. Tan, 2017 (Sungei Tampines).—W. Wong, 2017: 81.—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FCB940CF7D5108E3" author="Fukuda, Y. &amp; How, C. B. &amp; Seah, B. &amp; Yang, S. &amp; Pocklington, K. &amp; Lim, K. P." box="[837,1119,1942,1968]" pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="810 - 813" refId="ref306529" refString="Fukuda, Y., How, C. B., Seah, B., Yang, S., Pocklington, K. &amp; Lim, K. P. (2018) Historical, exceptionally large skulls of saltwater crocodiles discovered at the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum in Singapore. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 66, 810 - 813." type="journal article" year="2018">
Fukuda
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FC5940CE7AD008E3" box="[933,990,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018: 812
</bibRefCitation>
.—M.L.
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA4B848FB4340CF788F0887" author="Kwak, M. L. &amp; Foo, M. &amp; Pocklington, K. &amp; Hsu, C. - D. &amp; Cheong, W. &amp; How, C. B. &amp; Shunari, M. &amp; Tahir, M. G." pageId="62" pageNumber="63" pagination="127 - 132" refId="ref320111" refString="Kwak, M. L., Foo, M., Pocklington, K., Hsu, C. - D., Cheong, W., How, C. B., Shunari, M. &amp; Tahir, M. G. (2019 a) Tick-crocodilian interactions: a review, with the first record of tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation in the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), and a concise host-parasite index. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 78 (1), 127 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 019 - 00378 - 0" type="journal article" year="2019">
Kwak
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FAF540CE7C4C08E3" box="[1289,1346,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019a: 128
</bibRefCitation>
(Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve).—M.E.Y. Low &amp; Pocklington, 2019: 192.—Mumpuni
<emphasis id="328D4677FFA4B848FA7440E2787A08AB" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019: 85.—Pocklington, 2019: 5–24 (Kallang River; Lim Chu Kang; Potong Pasir; Punggol; “Rochore” River; Sungei Kadut; Whampoa River).—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFA5B849FC3747CE7D660FE2" author="Begum, S." box="[971,1128,151,177]" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" refId="ref290999" refString="Begum, S. (2019) Crocodile found in Sungei Kadut drain: Concerns from the past and what next. The Straits Times, 6 July 2019. Available from: https: // www. straitstimes. com / singapore / croc-concerns-past-and-future (accessed 14 January 2021)" type="url" year="2019">Begum, 2019</bibRefCitation>
(Sungei Kadut).—Z. Tee, 2019b (Lower Seletar Reservoir).—J. Aw &amp; M.E.Y. Low, 2020: 26.—Pocklington, 2021: 46–70 (“14th mile, East Coast” [= Changi]; Anson Road; Arthur Road; Balai Quarry, Pulau Ubin; Berlayer Hill [= LNR]; “Between Fairy Point and Pulo Obin” [= SJ]; Boon Lay Road [= Jalan Boon Lay]; Botanic Gardens Lake [= Swan Lake, SBG]; Bukit Chermin; Bukit Sembawang; “Canal alongside Campong Java Road” [= Sungei Rochor]; Causeway, Johore Straits [= SJ]; Central Beach, Sentosa [= Pulau Blakang Mati]; “Chan Chu-Kang, Selitar” [= Sungei Seletar]; “Changhie” [= Changi]; Changi Beach Park; Changi Ferry [= Changi Point Ferry Terminal]; Changi Road; Chinese Garden Lake [= Jurong Lake]; Chinese Swimming Club [= Tanjong Katong]; Chua Chu Kang; Crescent Road; Dalhousie Pier [= Asian Civilisations Museum Green]; “Diving stage, Swimming Club” [= Tanjong Rhu]; East Coast beach [= ECP]; Esplanade; Fort Road; Garden Club, Katong [= Tanjong Katong]; Gaylang [= Geylang]; Gaylang River [= Sungei Geylang]; Geylang Swamp, Grove Estate [= Chung Cheng Lake]; Harbour [= Keppel Harbour]; “Harbour, Master Attendant’s pier” [= Collyer Quay]; Impounding Reservoir [= MacRitchie Reservoir]; “In river close to Adamson, Gilfilan and Co’s godown” [= Collyer Quay]; “In sea off the Causeway” [= SJ]; Jalan Teck Whye; Johor Strait [= SJ]; “Johore Straits near Kranji” [= SJ]; “Johore Straits near Senoko Way” [= SJ]; Jurong; Jurong Lake; Jurong Prawn Ponds [= Sungei Jurong]; Jurong River [= Sungei Jurong]; Jurong Road; Kallang Basin [= Mountbatten Road]; Kallang District [= Kallang]; Kallang River [= Sungei Kallang]; Kampong Java Road; Kampong Pond, Kankar Fishing Village [= Sungei Serangoon]; Katong [= Tanjong Katong]; Katong Lake [= Chung Cheng Lake]; “Katong, near the Swimming Club” [= Tanjong Katong]; Katong Park; Keppel Harbour; Khatib Bongsu [= KBNP]; Kranji; Kranji Dam; “Kranji extension” (Sungei Buloh WR) [= KCNP]; Kranji Nature Trail [= KCNP]; Kranji Reservoir; Kranji River [= Sungei Kranji]; “Kranji River to Bukit Timah” [= Sungei Pang Sua]; Kranji Sports Fishing Ground [= KR]; Kranji Way; Kuala Johore [= SJ]; Lim Chu Kang; Lim Chu Kang Fish Farm; Lim Chu Kang Jetty; Lorong Chuntum [= Lor Lada Hitam]; Lorong Gambas; Lorong Halus; MacRitchie Reservoir; Marina East;
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFA5B849FB3243427C970B66" ID-CoL="9CL9M" authority="Reservoir" authorityName="Reservoir" box="[1230,1433,1051,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Marina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Marina Reservoir</taxonomicName>
; McPherson Road; “Mouth of small river between Changie and Pasir Ris” [= Sungei Selarang]; “Mr Lim Koh Eng’s bungalow, 6¾ mile, Pasir Panjang” [= WCP]; “Muddy creek running past Ice Works at Sirangoon, 3rd milestone” [= Sungei Rochor]; “Nearby river of Jalan Gemala off Lim Chu Kang” [= Sungei Simpang Mak Wai]; Pandan River [= Sungei Pandan]; Park Road; “Pasa Labar” [= Pasir Laba]; Pasir Panjang; Pasir Panjang Beach; Pasir Panjang Road; Pasir Ris Beach; Pasir Ris Park; Ponggol [= Punggol]; Pongol [= Punggol]; Pongol Beach [= Punggol Beach]; Pongol River [= Sungei Ponggol]; Pongol Road [= Punggol Road]; Powder Magazine [= Alkaff Quay]; Pulau Buloh; Pulau Retan Laut [= Pasir Panjang Terminal]; Pulau Saigon [= Sungei
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA5B849FEAB420678C10A2A" box="[343,463,1375,1401]" name="Singapore" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Singapore</collectingCountry>
]; Pulau Seletar; Pulau Tekong, Sungei Seminei [= PT]; Pulau Tekong Besar; Pulo Obin quarry [= Pekan Quarry]; Pulau Ubin Jetty; Pulo Sirimbun [= Pulau Sarimbun]; Pulo Tekong [= PT]; Punggol Estuary; Raffles Country Club; “River off Lim Chu Kang” [= Sungei Kangkar]; River Valley Road; Robertson Quay; Robinson Road; Rochore Canal [= Sungei Rochor]; Rochore River [= Sungei Rochor]; Sarimbun Reservoir; “Seabeach opposite old Fort near Swimming Club, Katong” [= Tanjong Katong]; Sea View Hotel [= Tanjong Katong]; Seletar; Seletar Reservoir; Semakau Landfill [= PS]; “Sembawang waters” [= Sembawang Park Fishing Pier]; Serangong [= Serangoon]; Serangoon River [= Sungei Serangoon]; Serangoon Swamp (near Lavender Street) [= Bendemeer]; “Side of Grove Road” [= Tanjong Rhu]; “Side of the river in Pongol” [= Sungei Serangoon]; Siglap;
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA5B849FDC241FA7BBE09EE" box="[574,688,1699,1725]" name="Singapore" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Singapore</collectingCountry>
River [= Sungei
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA5B849FC8F41FA7AE509EE" box="[883,1003,1699,1725]" name="Singapore" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Singapore</collectingCountry>
]; Sirangoon [= Serangoon]; Sirangoon River [= Sungei Serangoon]; “Small lake in the plantation at McPherson Road” [= Potong Pasir]; “Southeastern coast line” [=
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA5B849FD6941B27A090856" box="[661,775,1771,1797]" name="Singapore" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Singapore</collectingCountry>
Strait]; St John’s Island [= Pulau Sekijang Bendera]; Straits of Johore [= SJ]; Straits of
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFA5B849FD6840567A08087A" box="[660,774,1807,1833]" name="Singapore" pageId="63" pageNumber="64">Singapura</collectingCountry>
[= SJ]; Sungei Battu Belyhar [= Berlayer Creek]; Sungei Buloh [= SBWR]; Sungei Buloh Besar; Sungei Buloh Bird’s Sanctuary [= SBWR]; Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve; Sungei Jurong; Sungei Jurong Road [= Jurong Canal Drive]; Sungei Kadut; Sungei Kechil, Serangoon Road [= Sungei Whampoa]; Sungei Kranji; Sungei Pandan; Sungei Seletar Reservoir [= Lower Seletar Reservoir]; Sungei Sembawang; Sungei Tampines; “Swamp near 6th milestone, Swimming Club” [= Tanjong Katong]; Tampines; Tampines farm; Tampines River Canal [= Sungei Tampines]; Tanglin Barracks; Thompson Road [= WNP]; Tanjong Balai [= Pulau Ubin]; Tanjong Katong; Tanjong Kling; Tanjong Pagar; Tanjong Pagar Wharf [= Tanjong Pagar Terminal]; Tanjong Rhoo [= Tanjong Rhu]; Tanjong Rhu; Telok Mata Ikan [= Changi South Ave 3]; Tengah Reservoir; Tengah Reservoir Golf Course [= Raffles Country Club]; “Thompson Road Stream” [= TRF]; Thomson Road; “Trafalgar Estate, cocoa-nut plantation” [= Buangkok]; Tuas; Tuas River [= Tengah Reservoir]; Tuas Shipyard; Ulu Pandan River [= Sungei Pandan]; Ulu Sungei Pongol [= Sungei Punggol]; Upper Seletar Reservoir; Vaughan Road; Victoria Dry Dock [= Tanjong Pagar Terminal]; West Coast Rise; West Coast Road; Whampoa River [= Sungei Whampoa]; Wilkinson Road; Woodlands Causeway; Woodlands Town Garden [= Marsiling Park]; Woodlands Town Park [= Woodlands Town Park East]; Woodlands Waterfront Park).—E.K. Chua, 2022: 57 (Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve).—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDAB836FCAC46A67D820D4A" author="Kurniawan, N. &amp; Septiadi, L. &amp; Fathoni, M. &amp; Kadafi, A. M. &amp; Marhendra, A. P. W." box="[848,1164,511,537]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="91 - 131" refId="ref319901" refString="Kurniawan, N., Septiadi, L., Fathoni, M., Kadafi, A. M. &amp; Marhendra, A. P. W. (2022) A checklist of the herpetofauna of Nusa Kambangan Island, Central Java, Indonesia. Tropical Life Sciences Research, 33 (2), 91 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.21315 / tlsr 2022.33.2.6" type="journal article" year="2022">
Kurniawan
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDAB836FC2946A67D030D4A" box="[981,1037,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
, 2022: 108
</bibRefCitation>
.—M.L. Kwak &amp; A. Ng, 2022: 929.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFDAB836FF0B451E7D070DD6" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="description">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDAB836FF0B451E7D070DD6" blockId="64.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
“Estuarine crocodile”—Qing, 2021 (East
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FFDAB836FD25451E7A170D32" box="[729,793,583,609]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Coast</collectingRegion>
Park).—
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDAB836FC7F451E7D1F0D32" author="Lean, J." box="[899,1041,583,609]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refId="ref322394" refString="Lean, J. (2022 a) Massive crocodile spotted in Lim Chu Kang waters between S'pore &amp; M'sia. Mothership, 29 April 2022. Available from: https: // mothership. sg / 2022 / 04 / crocodile-lim-chu-kang-waters / (accessed 29 April 2022)" type="url" year="2022">Lean, 2022a</bibRefCitation>
(“Lim Chu Kang waters between S’pore &amp; M’sia”).—Zheng, 2022a (“Choa Chu Kang canal”).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFDAB837FF6B45D67DFE0E4E" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDAB836FF6B45D67B4B0BF2" blockId="64.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDAB836FF6B45D678050DFA" bold="true" box="[151,267,655,681]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Remarks.</emphasis>
Recently, there were two books published on crocodiles in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDAB836FC6F45D67D060DFA" box="[915,1032,655,681]" name="Singapore" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Singapore</collectingCountry>
. The first is
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDAB836FB7645D67C080DFB" box="[1162,1286,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Buayapura</emphasis>
(Pocklington 2019), a short historical and philosophical examination of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDAB836FC6B45EA7D1C0D9F" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[919,1042,691,717]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Crocodylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDAB836FC6B45EA7D1C0D9F" box="[919,1042,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">C. porosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that imparts that the first mention of crocodiles from
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDAB836FE27458E7B430DA2" box="[475,589,727,753]" name="Singapore" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Singapore</collectingCountry>
comes from the book,
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDAB836FC99458E7D450DA2" box="[869,1099,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Hikayat Hang Tuah</emphasis>
, which was written between 1641 and 1739. In there, the author declared that “…the Straits of
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDAB836FBF345A27D8F0C46" box="[1039,1153,763,789]" name="Singapore" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Singapura</collectingCountry>
was infested with man-eating crocodiles…” (Pocklington 2019). This represents the earliest reference of any herpetofauna from
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDAB836FF0B441A78650C0E" box="[247,363,835,861]" name="Singapore" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, and although no specimen was collected and no description was provided, we can be assured that the identity of the species was
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDAB836FD68443E7A010CD3" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[660,783,871,897]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Crocodylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDAB836FD68443E7A010CD3" box="[660,783,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">C. porosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
since it is the only native crocodilian to
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDAB836FB13443E7C6A0CD2" box="[1263,1380,871,897]" name="Singapore" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Singapore</collectingCountry>
. The second book,
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDAB836FE6844D27AD70CF6" box="[404,985,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
Beast, Guardian,
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDAB836FDA044D27BAB0CF6" box="[604,677,907,933]" name="Iceland" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Island</collectingCountry>
: The Saltwater Crocodile (
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDAB836FC2544D27C780CF6" authority="Schneider, 1801" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[985,1398,907,933]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Crocodylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosus">
Crocodylus porosus
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDAB836FB3D44D27C780CF6" box="[1217,1398,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Schneider, 1801</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDAB836FA8A44D278FB0C9A" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
) in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDAB836FF0B44F678620C9A" box="[247,364,943,969]" name="Singapore" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, 1819–2017
</emphasis>
, explored human interactions with crocodiles in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDAB836FBEB44F67D850C9A" box="[1047,1163,943,969]" name="Singapore" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Singapore</collectingCountry>
, and collated newspaper records between 1819 and 2017 providing the most comprehensive historical distribution and analysis for any herpetofauna species in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDAB836FDA344AE7BDF0B42" box="[607,721,1015,1041]" name="Singapore" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(Pocklington 2021). Prior to the first report of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDAB836FB1944AE7C510B43" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[1253,1375,1015,1041]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Crocodylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDAB836FB1944AE7C510B43" box="[1253,1375,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">C. porosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDAB836FF0B434278670B66" box="[247,361,1051,1077]" name="Singapore" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Singapore</collectingCountry>
in the scientific literature (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDAB836FD4E43427A5B0B66" author="Cantor, T. E." box="[690,853,1051,1077]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="607 - 656" refId="ref294201" refString="Cantor, T. E. (1847 a) Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula and islands, collected or observed by Theodore Cantor, Esq., M. D. Bengal Medical Service. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 16 (Part 2, No. 180), 607 - 656, pl. 20. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5057" type="journal article" year="1847">Cantor 1847a</bibRefCitation>
), Pocklington (2021) listed two additional earlier records. The first is from sometime between 1819 and 1823 and involves a crocodile Farquhar hung from a fig tree along the Rochor River that ate his dog. The second was of a crocodile that ate someone along the Rochor Canal in
<date id="7447BCA5FFDAB836FE4A43DE7B4F0BF2" box="[438,577,1159,1185]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="1842-03">March 1842</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDAB836FEAB43F27AEB09CA" blockId="64.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
Early in history,
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDAB836FDE243F27B940B97" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[542,666,1195,1221]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Crocodylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDAB836FDE243F27B940B97" box="[542,666,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">C. porosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was considered quite abundant (
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDAB836FBE043F27DBA0B96" author="Flower, S. S." box="[1052,1204,1195,1221]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="600 - 696" refId="ref305863" refString="Flower, S. S. (1899 b) Notes on a second collection of reptiles made in the Malay Peninsula and Siam, from November 1896 - September 1898, with a list of the species recorded from those countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1899 (4), 600 - 696, pls. 36 - 37." type="journal article" year="1899">Flower 1899</bibRefCitation>
), but due to coastal development and a government initiative to rid
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDAB836FCF643967A720BBA" box="[778,892,1231,1257]" name="Singapore" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Singapore</collectingCountry>
of crocodiles (Sharma 1973; Pocklington 2021), this species became quite rare and was even considered extinct (Chuang 1964;
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDAB836FBA543AA7DC60A5E" author="Lim, F. L. K." box="[1113,1224,1267,1293]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="17 - 19" refId="ref324614" refString="Lim, F. L. K. (1984) Reptile and amphibian encounters. In: Wee, Y. - C. (Ed.), Nature in an Urban Singapore. Proceedings of the Seminar on Nature in an Urban Singapore. Singapore Branch of the Malayan Nature Society, Singapore, pp. 17 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1984">Lim 1984</bibRefCitation>
; Webb
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDAB836FAE443AA7C410A5E" box="[1304,1359,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">et al.</emphasis>
2010). Correspondingly, the IUCN-SSC Crocodile Specialist Group assigned
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDAB836FBEB424E7D9F0A63" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[1047,1169,1303,1329]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Crocodylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDAB836FBEB424E7D9F0A63" box="[1047,1169,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">C. porosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as regionally extinct in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDAB836FF0B426278670A06" box="[247,361,1339,1365]" name="Singapore" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Singapore</collectingCountry>
in 1996 (Pocklington 2021). In the scientific literature, after
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDAB836FBF242627DB10A06" author="Moulton, J. C." box="[1038,1215,1339,1365]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref331754" refString="Moulton, J. C. (1921) Annual report on the Raffles Museum and Library, for the year 1919. Annual Departmental Reports of the Straits Settlements for the Year 1919. Published by Authority, Singapore, pp. 1 - 5." type="book chapter" year="1921">Moulton (1921)</bibRefCitation>
reported an “
<quantity id="C7013780FFDAB836FAAA42627C9F0A06" box="[1366,1425,1339,1365]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3528" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" unit="ft" value="11.0">11 ft.</quantity>
” specimen that was killed in the Pandan River and donated by Choo Seng Yen,
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDAB836FB9F42067DD50A2B" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[1123,1243,1375,1401]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Crocodylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDAB836FB9F42067DD50A2B" box="[1123,1243,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">C. porosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not reported from
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDAB836FECA42DA78A60ACE" box="[310,424,1411,1437]" name="Singapore" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Singapore</collectingCountry>
until 43 years later (
<tableCitation id="4D7BAFDEFFDAB836FD6442DA7BE10ACE" box="[664,751,1411,1437]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="16.[152,254,432,458]" captionTargetBox="[207,1414,726,1982]" captionText="TABLE 2. Checklist of the 166 herpetofauna species of Singapore, the year the first specimen was reported or collected, status in Singapore, and number of years went unreported from Singapore prior to 1990. If the reference is from a museum collection, then the museum symbolic code is listed. Under status, IND = Indeterminate (possibly extirpated). Year in parentheses under the last column is the year the species was last reported from Singapore. The herpetofauna of Singapore comprises 31 amphibians and 135 reptiles consisting of two caecilians, 29 frogs (five non-native), 1 crocodilian, 17 turtles (four non-native), 40 lizards (6 non-native), and 77 snakes (two non-native). If the year collected is not specified, then the year reported is used in its place." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5486CAEDFF8AB866FF6446E978550D95" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" tableUuid="5486CAEDFF8AB866FF6446E978550D95">Table 2</tableCitation>
) by
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDAB836FCD942DA7ADB0ACE" author="Johnson, D. S." box="[805,981,1411,1437]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refId="ref316687" refString="Johnson, D. S. (1964) An Introduction to the Natural History of Singapore. Rayirath (Raybooks) Publications, Singapore, x + 106 pp." type="book" year="1964">Johnson (1964)</bibRefCitation>
who described it as rare, but noted that some individuals were occasionally seen in the Jurong-Pandan area. Shortly thereafter is when
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDAB836FAB942FE784C0AB6" author="Chuang, S. H." pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref299032" refString="Chuang, S. H. (1973) Introduction. In: Chuang, S. H. (Ed.), Animal Life and Nature in Singapore. Singapore University Press, Singapore, pp. 1 - 6." type="book chapter" year="1973">Chuang (1973)</bibRefCitation>
classified
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDAB836FE4542927B3C0AB7" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[441,562,1483,1509]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Crocodylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDAB836FE4542927B3C0AB7" box="[441,562,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">C. porosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as extinct. Thereupon, wild individuals from the early 1990s were believed to be a mixture of escaped individuals from breeding farms and abandoned pets (Teo &amp; Rajathurai 1997; Ng &amp; Lim 2010). Sharma (1973) remarks that the
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDAB836FD1B414A7A57097E" box="[743,857,1555,1581]" name="Singapore" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Singapore</collectingCountry>
population may have been sustained by individuals swimming over from
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FFDAB836FE10416E7B240902" box="[492,554,1591,1617]" country="Malaysia" name="Johor" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Johor</collectingRegion>
Bahru,
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDAB836FD78416E7BE00902" box="[644,750,1591,1617]" name="Malaysia" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
. However, Pocklington (2021) discloses a conflicting reality, one where
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDAB836FE8E410278E40927" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[370,490,1627,1653]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Crocodylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDAB836FE8E410278E40927" box="[370,490,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">C. porosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was still frequently encountered. Thus, there appears to be no credible evidence that
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDAB836FF0B4126787E09CB" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[247,368,1663,1689]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Crocodylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDAB836FF0B4126787E09CB" box="[247,368,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">C. porosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was ever truly extinct in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDAB836FD7041267BF009CA" box="[652,766,1663,1689]" name="Singapore" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(Pocklington 2021).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDAB837FEAB41FA7D320FAA" blockId="64.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="65.[151,1437,151,1509]" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">
Although,
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDAB836FE3141FA7B4D09EF" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[461,579,1699,1725]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Crocodylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDAB836FE3141FA7B4D09EF" box="[461,579,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">C. porosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
once occupied much of
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDAB836FCB641FA7AB209EE" box="[842,956,1699,1725]" name="Singapore" pageId="64" pageNumber="65">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(Pocklington 2021), today the only resident population persists in SBWR. Yet, the first record from SBWR is only from
<date id="7447BCA5FFDAB836FBAF419E7C0709B2" box="[1107,1289,1735,1761]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="1990-11">November 1990</date>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDAB836FAE6419E7C9609B2" author="Lim, K." box="[1306,1432,1735,1761]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" pagination="6 - 12" refId="ref325200" refString="Lim, K. (1990 a) Reptiles. The Pangolin, 3 (1 - 4), 6 - 12." type="journal article" year="1990">Lim 1990a</bibRefCitation>
; Pocklington 2021). On occasion, some individuals will stray away from SBWR to explore new areas such as one sighted at LS in
<date id="7447BCA5FFDAB836FE0740567B65087A" box="[507,619,1807,1833]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="1989-07">July 1989</date>
, one seen at ECP in
<date id="7447BCA5FFDAB836FCB140567D0C087A" box="[845,1026,1807,1833]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="1992-12">December 1992</date>
, one seen swimming in the Straits of Johor off Admiralty Road in
<date id="7447BCA5FFDAB836FDBD406A7BB6081E" box="[577,696,1842,1869]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="1995-06">June 1995</date>
, one seen at Sungei Tampines in
<date id="7447BCA5FFDAB836FBCD406A7DCD081E" box="[1073,1219,1843,1869]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2008-08">August 2008</date>
(The Straits Times 2014), one photographed basking along Sungei Tampines on
<date id="7447BCA5FFDAB836FC4F400E7D540822" box="[947,1114,1879,1905]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2017-08-01">1 August 2017</date>
(Tan 2017), likely the same individual seen in a drain adjacent to the National Sailing Centre at ECP on
<date id="7447BCA5FFDAB836FBB440227C1B08C6" box="[1096,1301,1915,1941]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2017-11-08">8 November 2017</date>
, one seen at LSR on
<date id="7447BCA5FFDAB836FEA940C67B1308EA" box="[341,541,1951,1977]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2019-02-23">23 February 2019</date>
(Tee 2019b), one found in Sungei Kadut drain on
<date id="7447BCA5FFDAB836FBA940C67DE508EA" box="[1109,1259,1951,1977]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2019-06-21">21 June 2019</date>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FFDAB836FB0640C67C9E08EA" author="Begum, S." box="[1274,1424,1951,1977]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" refId="ref290999" refString="Begum, S. (2019) Crocodile found in Sungei Kadut drain: Concerns from the past and what next. The Straits Times, 6 July 2019. Available from: https: // www. straitstimes. com / singapore / croc-concerns-past-and-future (accessed 14 January 2021)" type="url" year="2019">Begum 2019</bibRefCitation>
), one filmed at ECP near Fort Road on
<date id="7447BCA5FFDAB836FD50409B7A50088E" box="[684,862,1986,2013]" pageId="64" pageNumber="65" value="2021-10-05">5 October 2021</date>
(Qing 2021), and one floating in Choa Chu Kang canal on
<date id="7447BCA5FFDBB837FEA347CE78F90FE2" box="[351,503,151,177]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2022-05-16">16 May 2022</date>
(Zheng 2022a). Given the extent of reclamation, urban development, and barriers such as dams, sluice gates, litter traps, and float booms restricting access inland along waterways, it seems unlikely that
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDBB837FE7747867B0A0FAB" authorityName="Schneider" authorityYear="1801" box="[395,516,223,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Crocodylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porosus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDBB837FE7747867B0A0FAB" box="[395,516,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">C. porosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
will establish populations elsewhere in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDBB837FC3F47867D360FAA" box="[963,1080,223,249]" name="Singapore" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Singapore</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDBB837FF6B465B7DFE0E4E" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1509]" box="[151,1264,258,285]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDBB837FF6B465B78240E4F" bold="true" box="[151,298,258,284]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Occurrence.</emphasis>
Restricted to a few confined locations. Uncommon. SBWR represents the stronghold.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFFDBB837FF6B467F7D2A0803" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDBB837FF6B467F7A070E12" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1509]" box="[151,777,294,321]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDBB837FF6B467F7B0A0E12" bold="true" box="[151,516,294,321]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDBB837FF6B467F781E0E13" box="[151,272,294,320]" name="Singapore" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Singapore</collectingCountry>
conservation status.
</emphasis>
Critically Endangered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDBB837FF6B46137B090E36" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1509]" box="[151,519,330,357]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDBB837FF6B461378AF0E37" bold="true" box="[151,417,330,356]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Conservation priority.</emphasis>
Highest.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDBB837FF6B46377BDB0EDA" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1509]" box="[151,725,366,393]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDBB837FF6B463778DC0EDA" bold="true" box="[151,466,366,393]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">IUCN conservation status.</emphasis>
Least Concern [2021].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDBB837FF6B46CB7D860EA6" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDBB837FF6B46CB7AFF0EFF" bold="true" box="[151,1009,402,429]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFDBB837FF6B46CB7AE20EFF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688397" box="[151,1004,402,429]" collectionCode="LKCNHM, NHMUK" collectorName="Museum" country="Singapore" location="Singapore" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFDBB837FF6B46CB78160EFF" box="[151,280,402,428]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">LKCNHM</collectionCode>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFDBB837FEB746CA78B70EFE" box="[331,441,403,429]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<collectorName id="AD0CFFB3FFDBB837FE3B46CA7B210EFE" box="[455,559,403,429]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Museum</collectorName>
specimens.
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDBB837FD3046CB7A4B0EFF" box="[716,837,402,428]" name="Singapore" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(no locality)
</materialsCitation>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFDBB837FC0346CA7D5D0EFE" box="[1023,1107,403,429]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">BMNH</collectionCode>
1883.11.28.3–12 (no date),
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFDBB837FF0B46EE78210E82" box="[247,303,439,465]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.304–
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFDBB837FE7E46EE78B40E82" box="[386,442,439,465]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">ZRC</collectionCode>
.
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFDBB837FE4246EE7D350E82" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120689301" box="[446,1083,438,465]" collectingDate="1897-08-22" collectionCode="USR" country="Singapore" location="Sungei Seletar Reservoir" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1">
2.306 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFDBB837FDE946EE7B810E82" box="[533,655,439,465]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1897-08-22">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFDBB837FDE946EE7B810E82" box="[533,655,439,465]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1897-08-22">8-22-1897</collectingDate>
</date>
);
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDBB837FD5646EF7D350E82" bold="true" box="[682,1083,438,465]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<location id="0526CCBEFFDBB837FD5646EF7AEE0E83" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FFA4B837FF6B46187D2A0803:0526CCBEFFDBB837FD5646EF7AEE0E83" box="[682,992,438,464]" country="Singapore" name="Sungei Seletar Reservoir" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Sungei Seletar Reservoir</location>
[
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFDBB837FC0446EF7D3E0E83" box="[1016,1072,438,464]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">USR</collectionCode>
]
</emphasis>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDBB837FBC746EE7D4D0E82" bold="true" box="[1083,1091,439,465]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFDBB837FBAD46EF7B1A0EA6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688938" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" location="Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFDBB837FBAD46EF7D870E82" box="[1105,1161,438,465]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.2556 (1988);
<location id="0526CCBEFFDBB837FAB746EF7B1A0EA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FFA4B837FF6B46187D2A0803:0526CCBEFFDBB837FAB746EF7B1A0EA6" country="Singapore" name="Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDBB837FAB746EF7B1A0EA6" bold="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve</emphasis>
</location>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDBB837FDE946827B140EA6" bold="true" box="[533,538,475,501]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="B0919038FFDBB837FDDD46827D8A0EA6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4120688341" box="[545,1156,475,501]" collectingDate="2009-04-08" collectionCode="ZRC" country="Singapore" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFDBB837FDDD46827B540EA6" box="[545,602,475,501]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.6841–
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFDBB837FD3C46827BF40EA6" box="[704,762,475,501]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.6843,
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFDBB837FCA446827A9E0EA6" box="[856,912,475,501]" country="Singapore" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/16z4-1tbx" name="Zoological Reference Collection, National University of Singapore" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">ZRC</collectionCode>
.2.6848 (
<date id="7447BCA5FFDBB837FC0E46827D750EA6" box="[1010,1147,475,501]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2009-04-08">
<collectingDate id="6403454DFFDBB837FC0E46827D750EA6" box="[1010,1147,475,501]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2009-04-08">8-Apr-2009</collectingDate>
</date>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDBB837FF6B46A77C5A0D4A" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1509]" box="[151,1364,510,537]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDBB837FF6B46A77AA60D4B" bold="true" box="[151,936,510,537]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Additional
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDBB837FEE246A778990D4B" box="[286,407,510,536]" name="Singapore" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Singapore</collectingCountry>
museum specimens.
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDBB837FD6D46A77A040D4B" box="[657,778,510,536]" name="Singapore" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(no locality):
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFDBB837FC4C46A67AFB0D4A" box="[944,1013,511,537]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c7yt-hh77" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">NMW</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFDBB837FBFF46A67D560D4A" box="[1027,1112,511,537]" country="Belgium" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35271" name="Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="Museum">RBINS</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FFDBB837FB9F46A67DA80D4A" box="[1123,1190,511,537]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34778" name="Royal Ontario Museum" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" type="Museum">ROM</collectionCode>
,
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDBB837FB4D46A67C5A0D4A" authority=", ZMB." authorityName="ZMB." box="[1201,1364,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Sama" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">SAMA, ZMB.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDBB837FF6B457B7B4A0AB6" blockId="65.[151,1437,151,1509]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDBB837FF6B457B78800D6F" bold="true" box="[151,398,546,572]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FFDBB837FF6B457B781E0D6F" box="[151,272,546,572]" name="Singapore" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Singapore</collectingCountry>
localities.
</emphasis>
Alkaff Quay*—Anson Road*—Arthur Road*—Asian Civilisations Museum Green*— Berlayer Creek*—Bendemeer*—Buangkok*—Bukit Chermin*—Bukit Sembawang*—Changi*— Changi Beach Park*—Changi Point Ferry Terminal*—Changi Road*—Changi South Ave 3*—Choa Chu Kang*—Chung Cheng Lake*—Collyer Quay*—Crescent Road*—East Coast Park*—Esplanade*—Fort Road*—Geylang*—Jalan Boon Lay*—Jalan Teck Whye*—Jurong*—Jurong Canal Drive*—Jurong Lake*—Jurong-Pandan Area*—Jurong Road*—Kallang*—Kampong Java Road*—Katong Park*— Keppel Harbour*—Khatib Bongsu Nature Park—Kranji—Kranji Coastal Nature Park—Kranji Dam— Kranji Reservoir*—Kranji Way—Labrador Nature Reserve*—Lim Chu Kang—Lim Chu Kang Fish Farm*—Lim Chu Kang Jetty—Lor Lada Hitam*—Lorong Gambas*—Lorong Halus*—Lower Seletar Reservoir*—MacRitchie Reservoir*—Marina East*—
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDBB837FC9D443E7D280CD2" authority="Reservoir" authorityName="Reservoir" box="[865,1062,871,897]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Marina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Marina Reservoir</taxonomicName>
*—Marsiling Park*—McPherson Road*—Mountbatten Road*—Park Road*—Pasir Laba*—Pasir Panjang*—Pasir Panjang Beach*— Pasir Panjang Road*—Pasir Panjang Terminal*—Pasir Ris Beach*—Pasir Ris Park*—Pekan Quarry*— Potong Pasir*—Pulau Blakang Mati*—Pulau Buloh—Pulau Sarimbun—Pulau Sekijang Bendera*— Pulau Seletar*—Pulau Semakau*—Pulau Tekong*—Pulau Tekong Besar*—Pulau Ubin*—Pulau Ubin Jetty*—Punggol*—Punggol Beach*—Punggol Estuary*—Punggol Road*—Raffles Country Club*— River Valley Road*—Robertson Quay*—Robinson Road*—Sarimbun Reservoir*—Seletar*—Seletar Reservoir*—Sembawang Park Fishing Pier—Serangoon*—Siglap*—Singapore Botanic Gardens*— Singapore Strait*—Sungei Buloh Besar—Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve—Sungei Geylang*—Sungei Jurong*—Sungei Kadut*—Sungei Kallang*—Sungei Kangkar*—Sungei Kechil*—Sungei Kranji*— Sungei Pandan*—Sungei Pang Sua*—Sungei Punggol*—Sungei Rochor*—Sungei Selarang*—Sungei Seletar*—Sungei Sembawang*—Sungei Serangoon*—Sungei Simpang Mak Wai*—Sungei Singapore*— Sungei Singapore Estuary*—Sungei Tampines*—Sungei Whampoa*—Straits of Johor—Tampines*— Tanglin Barracks*—Tanjong Katong*—Tanjong Kling*—Tanjong Pagar Terminal*—Tanjong Rhu*— Tengah Reservoir*—Thomson Ridge Forest*—Thomson Road*—Tuas*—Tuas Shipyard*—Upper Seletar Reservoir*—Vaughan Road*—West Coast Park*—West Coast Rise*—West Coast Road*—Wilkinson Road*—Windsor Nature Park*—Woodlands—Woodlands Causeway—Woodlands Town Park East*— Woodlands Waterfront Park*.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDBB837FDF441117D250931" blockId="65.[151,1067,1608,1675]" box="[520,1067,1608,1634]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDBB837FDF441117D250931" bold="true" box="[520,1067,1608,1634]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Order
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDBB837FDA141117A980931" authority="Batsch, 1788" authorityName="Batsch" authorityYear="1788" box="[605,918,1608,1634]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudinata" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Testudinata Batsch, 1788</taxonomicName>
(17 species)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDBB837FF6B41287B5A09D8" blockId="65.[151,1067,1608,1675]" box="[151,596,1649,1675]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDBB837FF6B412878EA09D8" authority="Batsch, 1788: 437" authorityName="Batsch" authorityPageNumber="437" authorityYear="1788" box="[151,484,1649,1675]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Testudines Batsch, 1788: 437</taxonomicName>
, footnote.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDBB837FDF241E97D280999" blockId="65.[526,1062,1712,1738]" box="[526,1062,1712,1738]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDBB837FDF241E97D280999" bold="true" box="[526,1062,1712,1738]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Family
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDBB837FD9141E97A910999" authority="Oppel, 1811" authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" box="[621,927,1712,1738]" class="Reptilia" family="Cheloniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cheloniidae Oppel, 1811</taxonomicName>
(4 species)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDBB837FF6B41A17A650841" blockId="65.[151,875,1784,1811]" box="[151,875,1784,1811]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Chelonii Oppel 1811: 8 (
<typeStatus id="DF4224C7FFDBB837FE5041A178D00841" box="[428,478,1784,1810]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">type</typeStatus>
genus
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDBB837FDD241A17A510841" authority="Brongniart, 1800" authorityName="Brongniart" authorityYear="1800" box="[558,863,1784,1810]" class="Reptilia" family="Cheloniidae" genus="Chelonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDBB837FDD241A17B9B0841" box="[558,661,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Chelonia</emphasis>
Brongniart, 1800
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FFDBB837FDF3406F7D2A0803" blockId="65.[527,1060,1846,1873]" box="[527,1060,1846,1873]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDBB837FDF3406F7D2A0803" bold="true" box="[527,1060,1846,1873]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FFDBB837FD9A406E7A930803" authority="Rafinesque, 1814" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1814" box="[614,925,1846,1873]" class="Reptilia" family="Cheloniidae" genus="Caretta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FFDBB837FD9A406E7BCE0802" bold="true" box="[614,704,1847,1873]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Caretta</emphasis>
Rafinesque, 1814
</taxonomicName>
(1 species)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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