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<document id="D0BB32563DF5648DCDE8C9AF9C6AB456" ID-CLB-Dataset="53474" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="90d83153-c065-4771-9ac7-35dda67996b5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7960319" ID-ZooBank="78E23714-8973-4755-BC94-0A751D7D2B37" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1684793805841" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y. &amp; Lim, Kelvin K. P." docDate="2023" docId="88502B73FE85B956FF6B46D07DBD0E28" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5287.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5287 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5287.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.16:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="16" docTitle="Hydrophis lapemoides" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="289" masterDocId="7469530BFF9AB876FFFC4759790E0F53" masterDocTitle="Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution" masterLastPageNumber="378" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="288" updateTime="1716910345491" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="91140D256DF2F1B4C69154B2A69B818D">Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E69D2B2C57D9A2BB310D079929469C32">Figueroa, Alex</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9ED9087C392BB664F9FFE574CD4D0812">Low, Martyn E. Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F1545577C37FE511E2954AD7B2018DE5" type="email">martyn.low@nus.edu.sg</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0FB5F63C04ECD79CB6CE1129FECBC009">Lim, Kelvin K. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="93776F986BDC0BB4770C66CD83C7095C">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="88502B73FE85B956FF6B46D07DBD0E28" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7968384" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209661942" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7968384" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88502B73FE85B956FF6B46D07DBD0E28" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88502B73FE85B956FF6B46D07DBD0E28" lastPageId="288" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE85B969FF6B46D078900E94" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="00469A65FE85B969FF6B46D07BC10EF0" blockId="287.[151,1437,393,996]" box="[151,719,393,420]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<heading id="5B0E2D09FE85B969FF6B46D07BC10EF0" box="[151,719,393,420]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE85B969FF6B46D07B230EF0" ID-CoL="6MK3H" authority="(Gray, 1849)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[151,557,393,420]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lapemoides">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FF6B46D078970EF7" bold="true" box="[151,409,393,420]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Hydrophis lapemoides</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE85B969FE5546D07B2B0EF0" author="Gray, J. E." box="[425,549,393,419]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" refId="ref309100" refString="Gray, J. E. (1849) Catalogue of the Specimens of Snakes in the Collection of the British Museum. Trustees [of the British Museum], London. xv + 125 pp." type="book" year="1849">Gray, 1849</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FDB646D07BC10EF0" bold="true" box="[586,719,393,419]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Erroneous.</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FE85B969FF6B46F478900E94" blockId="287.[151,1437,393,996]" box="[151,414,429,455]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
Persian
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FE85B969FF0D46F4782A0E94" box="[241,292,429,455]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Gulf" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Gulf</collectingRegion>
Sea Snake
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE85B969FF6B468878760EB8" box="[151,376,465,491]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FE85B969FF6B468878760EB8" blockId="287.[151,1437,393,996]" box="[151,376,465,491]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FF6B468878760EB8" bold="true" box="[151,376,465,491]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE85B969FF6B4688781E0EB8" box="[151,272,465,491]" name="Singapore" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Singapore</collectingCountry>
records.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE85B969FF0B46AC7D510D04" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="00469A65FE85B969FF0B46AC7D730D60" blockId="287.[151,1437,393,996]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="20E9BD4BFE85B969FF0B46AC7D730D60" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE85B969FF0B46AC78FD0D5C" ID-CoL="6MK3H" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[247,499,501,527]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lapemoides">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FF0B46AC78FD0D5C" box="[247,499,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Hydrophis lapemoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Rasmussen, 1993: 97, 101, 102.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE85B969FC7746AC7DD80D43" author="Iskandar, D. T. &amp; Colijn, E." box="[907,1238,501,528]" page="135" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE85B969FC7746AC7DD80D43" author="Iskandar, D. T. &amp; Colijn, E." box="[907,1238,501,528]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" refId="ref315641" refString="Iskandar, D. T. &amp; Colijn, E. (2001) A Checklist of Southeast Asian and New Guinean Reptiles. Part I. Serpentes. Biodiversity Conservation Project (Indonesian Institute of Sciences - Japan International Cooperation Agency - The Ministry of Forestry). The Gibbon Foundation and Institute of Technology, Bandung, 195 pp." type="book" year="2001">Iskandar &amp; Colijn, 2001: 135</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—R. Somaweera &amp; N. Somaweera, 2009: 48.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE85B969FD5145407A580D60" author="Das, I." box="[685,854,537,563]" page="321" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE85B969FD5145407A580D60" author="Das, I." box="[685,854,537,563]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" refId="ref300845" refString="Das, I. (2010) A Field Guide to the Reptiles of Thailand and South-East Asia. New Holland, London, 376 pp." type="book" year="2010">Das, 2010: 321</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="8158BC74FE85B969FC8445407D770D60" author="Buzais, B. &amp; Farkas, B. &amp; Gulyais, E. &amp; Geiczy, C." box="[888,1145,537,564]" page="14" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="6468E794FE85B969FC8445407D770D60" author="Buzais, B. &amp; Farkas, B. &amp; Gulyais, E. &amp; Geiczy, C." box="[888,1145,537,564]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" pagination="4 - 31" refId="ref293963" refString="Buzais, B., Farkas, B., Gulyais, E. &amp; Geiczy, C. (2018) The sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae) of Fujairah. Tribulus, 26, 4 - 31." type="journal article" year="2018">
Buzaìs
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FC3145437D0B0D60" box="[973,1029,537,563]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018: 14
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FE85B969FF0B45647D510D04" blockId="287.[151,1437,393,996]" box="[247,1119,573,600]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE85B969FF0B456478D40D04" box="[247,474,573,599]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Chitulia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lapemoides">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FF0B456478D40D04" box="[247,474,573,599]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Chitulia lapemoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—Wallach
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FDA445677B9E0D04" box="[600,656,573,599]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014: 166.—Chan-ard
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FC5C45677AD70D04" box="[928,985,573,599]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015: 277.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE85B969FF6B45387A410CEC" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="00469A65FE85B969FF6B453878F30CC8" blockId="287.[151,1437,393,996]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FF6B453878050D28" bold="true" box="[151,267,609,635]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Remarks.</emphasis>
Rasmussen (1987) reported on a specimen of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE85B969FCE0453B7ACE0D28" box="[796,960,609,635]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Chitulia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lapemoides">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FCE0453B7ACE0D28" box="[796,960,609,635]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">H. lapemoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ZMUC-R661010) that was caught in the Straits of
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE85B969FE9F45DC78CC0DCC" box="[355,450,645,671]" name="Malaysia" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Malacca</collectingCountry>
during the
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE85B969FDBD45DC7BA70DCC" box="[577,681,645,671]" class="Malacostraca" family="Galatheidae" genus="Galathea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FDBD45DC7BA70DCC" box="[577,681,645,671]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Galathea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
expedition of 1952, and provided coordinates placing the specimen off the coast of Batu Pahat,
<collectingRegion id="C23D5487FE85B969FDD445F07B680D90" box="[552,614,681,707]" country="Malaysia" name="Johor" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Johor</collectingRegion>
Bahru, Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE85B969FCC645F07AAA0D90" box="[826,932,681,707]" name="Malaysia" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
. However, later he stated the locality as being
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE85B969FF0B459478670DB4" box="[247,361,717,743]" name="Singapore" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(Rasmussen 1993), but also mentioned that it was collected in the same location as a specimen of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE85B969FEE545AB78930C58" box="[281,413,753,779]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Chitulia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamberti">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FEE545AB78930C58" box="[281,413,753,779]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">H. lamberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(FMNH 31058), which was brought to the Kangkar Fish Market which operated out of Serangoon (see
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE85B969FE53444F7B3D0C7C" box="[431,563,789,815]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Chitulia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamberti">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FE53444F7B3D0C7C" box="[431,563,789,815]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">H. lamberti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
account; also refer to “A note on sea snakes in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE85B969FB9D444C7DDB0C7C" box="[1121,1237,789,815]" name="Singapore" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Singapore</collectingCountry>
” above). Thus, it appears the specimen was collected in Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE85B969FCCE44607A970C00" box="[818,921,825,851]" name="Malaysia" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
and not
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE85B969FC0344607D7A0C00" box="[1023,1140,825,851]" name="Singapore" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Singapore</collectingCountry>
. Although,
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE85B969FB0544637C930C00" box="[1273,1437,825,851]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Chitulia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lapemoides">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FB0544637C930C00" box="[1273,1437,825,851]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">H. lapemoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in the waters from the Arabian Peninsula to Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE85B969FC4644047D2F0C24" box="[954,1057,861,887]" name="Malaysia" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(Wallach
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FB6944077DC00C24" box="[1173,1230,861,887]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">et al.</emphasis>
2014), no records yet exist for
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE85B969FE7844D878F70CC8" box="[388,505,897,923]" name="Singapore" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Singapore</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FE85B969FF6B44FC7A410CEC" blockId="287.[151,1437,393,996]" box="[151,847,933,960]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FF6B44FC7BAD0CEC" bold="true" box="[151,675,933,959]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">LKCNHM &amp; NHMUK Museum specimens.</emphasis>
No specimens.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48E3C9EEFE85B956FF6B44907DBD0E28" lastPageId="288" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="00469A65FE85B969FF6B44907A390CB0" blockId="287.[151,1437,393,996]" box="[151,823,969,996]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FF6B44907B840CB0" bold="true" box="[151,650,969,995]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
Additional
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE85B969FEE2449078990CB0" box="[286,407,969,995]" name="Singapore" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Singapore</collectingCountry>
museum specimens.
</emphasis>
No specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FE85B969FF6B43517B390B71" blockId="287.[151,567,1032,1058]" box="[151,567,1032,1058]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FF6B43517B390B71" bold="true" box="[151,567,1032,1058]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">3c) Speculated Species (8 species)</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FE85B969FF6B43097A1C0B85" blockId="287.[151,1436,1104,1239]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
Eight reptiles consisting of one turtle and seven snakes were speculated to occur in
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE85B969FBC243097DBE0B39" box="[1086,1200,1104,1130]" name="Singapore" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Singapore</collectingCountry>
(
<tableCitation id="4D7BAFDEFE85B969FB4243097C1B0B39" box="[1214,1301,1104,1130]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="232.[152,254,1356,1382]" captionTargetBox="[163,1222,1505,1971]" captionTargetPageId="232" captionText="TABLE 3. Checklist of the 143 herpetofauna species excluded from the checklist of Singapore’s herpetofauna. The presence of each of the following species has not been confirmed in Singapore or the species has been introduced, but has not established viable populations. The list of excluded species comprises 13 frogs and 129 reptiles (three crocodilians, 21 turtles, 37 lizards, and 69 snakes)." pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Table 3</tableCitation>
). The seven snakes are all species of
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE85B969FE4F432D7B260BDD" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1801" box="[435,552,1140,1166]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FE4F432D7B260BDD" box="[435,552,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Hydrophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that Sworder (1923) suspected may inhabit Singapore’s waters given they’ve been recorded in nearby countries. Subsequent publications place these species as occupying
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE85B969FB4D43C17C2D0BE1" box="[1201,1315,1176,1202]" name="Singapore" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Singapore</collectingCountry>
despite no records. Thus, we omit them from Singapore’s checklist.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FE85B969FDDC42607D1A0A00" blockId="287.[544,1044,1337,1363]" box="[544,1044,1337,1363]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FDDC42607D1A0A00" bold="true" box="[544,1044,1337,1363]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
Class
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE85B969FD9642607A830A00" authority="Laurenti, 1768" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[618,909,1337,1363]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Reptilia Laurenti, 1768</taxonomicName>
(8 species)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FE85B969FDEB42D87D130AC8" blockId="287.[535,1053,1409,1435]" box="[535,1053,1409,1435]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FDEB42D87D130AC8" bold="true" box="[535,1053,1409,1435]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
Order
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE85B969FD9742D87A980AC8" authority="Batsch, 1788" authorityName="Batsch" authorityYear="1788" box="[619,918,1409,1435]" class="Reptilia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Testudines Batsch, 1788</taxonomicName>
(1 species)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FE85B969FE1142907D480AB0" blockId="287.[493,1094,1481,1507]" box="[493,1094,1481,1507]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FE1142907D480AB0" bold="true" box="[493,1094,1481,1507]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
Family
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE85B969FDB142907AB10AB0" authority="Theobald, 1868" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1868" box="[589,959,1481,1507]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Geoemydidae Theobald, 1868</taxonomicName>
(1 species)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FE85B969FDCD41517D0D0971" blockId="287.[561,1027,1543,1570]" box="[561,1027,1543,1570]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FDCD41517D0D0971" bold="true" box="[561,1027,1543,1570]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE85B969FD74415E7A720971" authority="Bell, 1834" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1834" box="[648,892,1543,1570]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Cyclemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FD74415E7BF40971" bold="true" box="[648,762,1543,1570]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Cyclemys</emphasis>
Bell, 1834
</taxonomicName>
(1 species)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FE85B969FF6B411F7DCB0932" blockId="287.[151,1437,1606,1921]" box="[151,1221,1606,1635]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE85B969FF6B411F7ABA0930" authority="Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer, Wink &amp; Hundsd" authorityName="Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer, Wink &amp; Hundsd" box="[151,948,1606,1635]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Cyclemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="enigmatica">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FF6B411F78850932" bold="true" box="[151,395,1606,1633]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Cyclemys enigmatica</emphasis>
Fritz, Guicking, Auer, Sommer, Wink &amp; Hundsd
</taxonomicName>
̂rfer, 2008—
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FBB4411E7DCB0932" bold="true" box="[1096,1221,1607,1633]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Erroneous</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FE85B969FF6B4132788009D6" blockId="287.[151,1437,1606,1921]" box="[151,398,1643,1669]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Enigmatic Leaf Turtle</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FE85B969FF6B41D7787609FA" blockId="287.[151,1437,1606,1921]" box="[151,376,1678,1705]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FF6B41D7787609FA" bold="true" box="[151,376,1678,1705]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE85B969FF6B41D7781E09FB" box="[151,272,1678,1704]" name="Singapore" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Singapore</collectingCountry>
records.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FE85B969FF0B41EA7BD7099E" blockId="287.[151,1437,1606,1921]" box="[247,729,1715,1741]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE85B969FF0B41EA78EB099F" box="[247,485,1715,1741]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Cyclemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="enigmatica">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FF0B41EA78EB099F" box="[247,485,1715,1741]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Cyclemys enigmatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—TTWG, 2021: 222.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FE85B969FF6B418E7C6B086A" blockId="287.[151,1437,1606,1921]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FF6B418E780609A2" bold="true" box="[151,264,1751,1777]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Remarks.</emphasis>
Given its distribution of southern
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE85B969FD77418E7BE009A2" box="[651,750,1751,1777]" name="Thailand" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, Peninsular
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE85B969FC8B418E7AD309A2" box="[887,989,1751,1777]" name="Malaysia" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo (Fritz
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FA98418E7C9309A2" box="[1380,1437,1751,1777]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">et al.</emphasis>
2008),
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE85B969FEBF41A278D40847" box="[323,474,1787,1813]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Cyclemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="enigmatica">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FEBF41A278D40847" box="[323,474,1787,1813]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">C. enigmatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is suspected to be native to Singapore (
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FE85B969FC8241A27AC00846" box="[894,974,1787,1813]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">TTWG</collectionCode>
2021). However, no records of this species are reported from Singapore. Thus, we exclude
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FE85B969FD0140467A9B086B" box="[765,917,1823,1849]" class="Reptilia" family="Geoemydidae" genus="Cyclemys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Testudines" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="enigmatica">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FD0140467A9B086B" box="[765,917,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">C. enigmatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Singapore’s native herpetofauna list.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FE85B969FF6B401B7A41080E" blockId="287.[151,1437,1606,1921]" box="[151,847,1858,1885]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FF6B401B7BAD080F" bold="true" box="[151,675,1858,1885]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FE85B969FF6B401B7816080F" box="[151,280,1858,1884]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">LKCNHM</collectionCode>
&amp;
<collectionCode id="66E802A0FE85B969FEC2401A78A2080E" box="[318,428,1859,1885]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="287" pageNumber="288" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
Museum specimens.
</emphasis>
No specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FE85B969FF6B403F7A3908D2" blockId="287.[151,1437,1606,1921]" box="[151,823,1894,1921]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
<emphasis id="328D4677FE85B969FF6B403F7B8408D3" bold="true" box="[151,650,1894,1921]" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">
Additional
<collectingCountry id="78EEDAF5FE85B969FEE2403F789908D3" box="[286,407,1894,1920]" name="Singapore" pageId="287" pageNumber="288">Singapore</collectingCountry>
museum specimens.
</emphasis>
No specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FEBAB956FDE247CE7D1B0FE2" blockId="288.[542,1045,151,177]" box="[542,1045,151,177]" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="328D4677FEBAB956FDE247CE7D1B0FE2" bold="true" box="[542,1045,151,177]" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">
Order
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FEBAB956FD8F47CE7A800FE2" authority="Oppel, 1811" authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" box="[627,910,151,177]" class="Squamata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="class">Squamata Oppel, 1811</taxonomicName>
(7 species)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FEBAB956FE0447847D320FA4" blockId="288.[504,1084,221,247]" box="[504,1084,221,247]" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="328D4677FEBAB956FE0447847D320FA4" bold="true" box="[504,1084,221,247]" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">
Suborder
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FEBAB956FD8A47847ABB0FA4" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[630,949,221,247]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Serpentes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Serpentes Linnaeus, 1758</taxonomicName>
(7 species)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FEBAB956FE26467D7D540E6E" blockId="288.[474,1114,291,318]" box="[474,1114,291,318]" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="328D4677FEBAB956FE26467D7D540E6E" bold="true" box="[474,1114,291,318]" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">
Family
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FEBAB956FDC5467D7A020E6D" authority="H. Boie" authorityName="H. Boie" box="[569,780,292,318]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Elapidae H. Boie</taxonomicName>
in F. Boie, 1827 (7 species)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00469A65FEBAB956FE7C46387DBD0E28" blockId="288.[384,1203,353,380]" box="[384,1203,353,380]" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">
<emphasis id="328D4677FEBAB956FE7C46387DBD0E28" bold="true" box="[384,1203,353,380]" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="C7F9E1E6FEBAB956FE2446387BC70E28" authority="Latreille" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1801" box="[472,713,353,380]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="288" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="328D4677FEBAB956FE2446387B590E2F" bold="true" box="[472,599,353,380]" italics="true" pageId="288" pageNumber="289">Hydrophis</emphasis>
Latreille
</taxonomicName>
in Sonnini &amp; Latreille, 1801 (6 species)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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