329 lines
40 KiB
XML
329 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="D17B38B62C61DD8BBF578BA43566A590" ID-CLB-Dataset="8160" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4545052" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0540f87c-c902-4df5-acd4-51801c9531bd" ID-Handle="2246/1634/B237-0004" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545052" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613519208580" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Simmons, Nancy B. & Voss, Robert S." docDate="1998" docId="4F19FC10FF1DFF31FF3E2414FC9D8C86" docLanguage="en" docName="B237-0004.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 237" docStyle="DocumentStyle:25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4.1:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleId="25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Myotis nigricans" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="145" masterDocId="B3208468FF93FFA0FFF22212FF8B893B" masterDocTitle="The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats" masterLastPageNumber="219" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="142" updateTime="1698929808253" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="70169531A910B398D5158466311E4138">
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<mods:title id="2B0166994037E826AB6191A14A93B36E">The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="14C20C33ED152F000AB46D524FE5B627" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="162A790554DFEC1654165A0F9E6FAFE8">Simmons, Nancy B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AA3034DD4BC2F474CA1E768A4D83035B">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="753658E0DAE6A48338580B5E8BB23E6C">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E1834A9F94E174BAFCBBDB44100BBA71">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FE003E0C30B02377171F204ECCBCC5BB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="38909FF5BE99AD204F25829CC3404F42">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="985E67B940C484D552C822D73AF3AD10">
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<mods:date id="28FE74B5E8C0EE49A0B1182FD568D7E7">1998</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="FA08486F110CF049D49511BC40929215" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="8A1C77498E254B06244D1AFA8087F97F">1998-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="8827169B6FDA2D9783C3B2C0D8979AC8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E8889C75F20178AA87FDCAC341C097C6">237</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="C4F78C39E7C84CC37B93D98328D32991">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="45519538F29E83620B0CD5501ACF7DC7" type="CLB-Dataset">8160</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="73C0726A75BD4F51C463B44D53D33FD5" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4545052</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4F19FC10FF1DFF31FF3E2414FC9D8C86" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4618158" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177422429" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4618158" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F19FC10FF1DFF31FF3E2414FC9D8C86" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F19FC10FF1DFF31FF3E2414FC9D8C86" lastPageId="145" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFF1DFF2EFF3E2414FE748F26" box="[204,511,1542,1565]" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF1DFF2EFF3E2414FE748F26" blockId="142.[204,511,1542,1593]" box="[204,511,1542,1565]" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">
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<heading id="9C47FA6AFF1DFF2EFF3E2414FE748F26" box="[204,511,1542,1565]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1DFF2EFF3E2414FE748F26" ID-CoL="8LZKK" authority="(Schinz)" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[204,511,1542,1565]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFF3E2414FE188F26" box="[204,403,1542,1565]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">Myotis nigricans</emphasis>
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(Schinz)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFF1DFF2EFED32434FE218F02" box="[289,426,1574,1593]" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF1DFF2EFED32434FE218F02" blockId="142.[204,511,1542,1593]" box="[289,426,1574,1593]" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">
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<figureCitation id="5F8B5183FF1DFF2EFED32434FE0C8F02" box="[289,391,1574,1593]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="143.[154,192,1651,1672]" captionTargetBox="[196,1168,210,1629]" captionTargetId="figure-12@143.[188,1172,208,1629]" captionTargetPageId="143" captionText="Fig. 57. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the skull of Myotis nigricans (AMNH 267228; female) from Paracou. Dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views of the skull of M. riparius (AMNH 268591; female) from Paracou. Note differences in structure of the anterior braincase, palate, and auditory region. Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545174/files/figure.png" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">Figures 57</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="5F8B5183FF1DFF2EFE612434FE218F02" box="[403,426,1574,1593]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="144.[120,158,1443,1464]" captionTargetBox="[295,1001,213,1414]" captionTargetId="figure-16@144.[287,1005,208,1421]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="Fig. 58. Lateral views of the skull and lower jaw of (A) Myotis nigricans (AMNH 267228; female) and (B) M. riparius (AMNH 268591; female). Scale bars = 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545176/files/figure.png" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">58</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFF1DFF2EFF892444FB9B8858" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF1DFF2EFF892444FB9B8858" blockId="142.[94,622,1622,1763]" lastBlockId="142.[670,1199,214,1763]" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">
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VOUCHER MATERIAL:
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<materialsCitation id="77D8475BFF1DFF2EFE8F2444FB9B8858" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3037467345" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">27 females (AMNH *267223, *267225, *267227, *267228, *267229, 267230, *267231, *267509, *267510, *267511, *267512, *267514, *267516, *267517, *267519, *267520, *267522, *268539; MNHN *1995.937, *1995.938, *1995.939, *1995.940, *1995.941, *1995.942, *1995.943, *1995.944, *1995.945) and 2 males (AMNH *267221, *267513); see table 57 for measurements.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFF1DFF31FD49237BFC8E8D7B" lastPageId="145" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF1DFF2EFD49237BFBCF8A48" blockId="142.[670,1199,214,1763]" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">
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IDENTIFICATION: LaVal’s (1973) revision is still the standard reference for Neotropical
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1DFF2EFD6C23B6FD668880" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[670,749,420,443]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFD6C23B6FD668880" box="[670,749,420,443]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">Myotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but descriptions and measurements useful for identifying
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1DFF2EFC5A23D3FBCA88E3" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[936,1089,449,472]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFC5A23D3FC4B88E3" box="[936,960,449,472]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">M</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFC2123D3FBCA88E3" box="[979,1089,449,472]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">nigricans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can also be found in
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF1DFF2EFCC023CCFB2288CE" author="Goodwin, G. G. & A. M. Greenhall" box="[818,1193,478,501]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist." pageId="142" pageNumber="142" pagination="191 - 301" part="122" refId="ref94360" refString="Goodwin, G. G., and A. M. Greenhall 1961. A review of the bats of Trinidad and Tobago: descriptions, rabies infection, and ecology. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 122: 191 - 301." title="A review of the bats of Trinidad and Tobago: descriptions, rabies infection, and ecology" type="journal article" year="1961">Goodwin and Greenhall (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF1DFF2EFD6C23EEFCC48B28" author="Husson, A. M." bookContentInfo="282 pp." box="[670,847,508,531]" journalOrPublisher="Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" refId="ref95767" refString="Husson, A. M. 1962. The bats of Suriname. Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52: 282 pp. 1 30 pls." title="The bats of Suriname" type="book" year="1962">Husson (1962</bibRefCitation>
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||
, 1978),
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF1DFF2EFC3723EEFD658B0B" author="Wilson, D. E. & R. K. LaVal" bookContentInfo="3 pp." journalOrPublisher="Mamm. Species 39" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" refId="ref102861" refString="Wilson, D. E., and R. K. LaVal 1974. Myotis nigricans. Mamm. Species 39: 3 pp." title="Myotis nigricans" type="book" year="1974">Wilson and LaVal (1974)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF1DFF2EFCC0200BFD648B76" author="Brosset, A. & P. Charles-Dominique" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" pagination="509 - 559" part="54" refId="ref91807" refString="Brosset, A., and P. Charles-Dominique 1990. The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509 - 559." title="The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach" type="journal article" year="1990">Brosset and CharlesDominique (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1DFF2EFD0F2025FC4F8B75" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[765,964,567,590]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">
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||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFD0F2025FC4F8B75" box="[765,964,567,590]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">Myotis nigricans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as currently recognized is a highly variable species. As noted by LaVal (1973: 6), ‘‘Any specimen [of Neotropical
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1DFF2EFCF2209DFCC48B9D" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[768,847,655,678]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFCF2209DFCC48B9D" box="[768,847,655,678]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">Myotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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] that does not seem to fit the diagnosis of another species is probably
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1DFF2EFB7F20BEFD7E8BDB" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFB7F20BEFD7E8BDB" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">nigricans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.’’ Four or five subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1DFF2EFBAD20DBFC878BC5" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFBAD20DBFC878BC5" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">Myotis nigricans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are currently recognized, of which the nominate form
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFC612116FC208A20" box="[915,939,772,795]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">M</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFC332116FC5B8A20" box="[961,976,772,795]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">n</emphasis>
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||
.
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1DFF2EFC142116FBDF8A20" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[998,1108,772,795]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFC142116FBDF8A20" box="[998,1108,772,795]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">nigricans</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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occurs throughout Central America and most of tropical South America (LaVal, 1973;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF1DFF2EFBA9212CFCEC8A48" author="Wilson, D. E. & R. K. LaVal" bookContentInfo="3 pp." journalOrPublisher="Mamm. Species 39" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" refId="ref102861" refString="Wilson, D. E., and R. K. LaVal 1974. Myotis nigricans. Mamm. Species 39: 3 pp." title="Myotis nigricans" type="book" year="1974">Wilson and LaVal, 1974</bibRefCitation>
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||
; Koopman, 1994).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF1DFF2EFD49216BFC9D8D8E" blockId="142.[670,1199,214,1763]" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">
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Despite confusion concerning the limits and diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1DFF2EFC912185FBA38A95" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[867,1064,919,942]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">
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||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFC912185FBA38A95" box="[867,1064,919,942]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">Myotis nigricans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, specimens from the Guianan region (presumably referable to the nominate subspecies) share a common craniodental morphology (described by
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF1DFF2EFCD5261EFC458D18" author="Husson, A. M." bookContentInfo="282 pp." box="[807,974,1036,1059]" journalOrPublisher="Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" refId="ref95767" refString="Husson, A. M. 1962. The bats of Suriname. Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52: 282 pp. 1 30 pls." title="The bats of Suriname" type="book" year="1962">Husson, 1962</bibRefCitation>
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, 1978). Given appropriate specimen preparations (see below), this species can be easily distinguished from
|
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1DFF2EFD6C2676FCAF8D40" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1960" box="[670,804,1124,1147]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riparius">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFD6C2676FD3D8D40" box="[670,694,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFD342676FCAF8D40" box="[710,804,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">riparius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1DFF2EFC922676FC728D40" box="[864,1017,1124,1147]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albescens">
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||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFC922676FCF38D40" box="[864,888,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">M</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFC7A2676FC728D40" box="[904,1017,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">albescens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, both of which also occur in the region (see below and appendix 1).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF1DFF2EFD4926AEFBEB8F93" blockId="142.[670,1199,214,1763]" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">
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We found that specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1DFF2EFBE926AEFBE18DE8" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[1051,1130,1212,1235]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFBE926AEFBE18DE8" box="[1051,1130,1212,1235]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">Myotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Paracou could not be identified unambigously without extracting and cleaning skulls. Although pelage characters (e.g., color, banding and/or frosting, degree of ‘‘silkiness’’ or ‘‘woolliness’’) and measurements (e.g., forearm length) have been cited previously as morphological criteria for identifying
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1DFF2EFBAD279BFB258C9B" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[1119,1198,1417,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFBAD279BFB258C9B" box="[1119,1198,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (e.g., by LaVal, 1973;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF1DFF2EFBED27B4FC5B8CE0" author="Brosset, A. & P. Charles-Dominique" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" pagination="509 - 559" part="54" refId="ref91807" refString="Brosset, A., and P. Charles-Dominique 1990. The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509 - 559." title="The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach" type="journal article" year="1990">Brosset and CharlesDominique, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we found considerable overlap between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1DFF2EFC4827F3FBD98CC3" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[954,1106,1505,1528]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFC4827F3FC598CC3" box="[954,978,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFC1627F3FBD98CC3" box="[996,1106,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1DFF2EFB7C27F3FD778F2D" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1960" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riparius">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFB7C27F3FB2D8CC3" box="[1166,1190,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFD6C27EDFD778F2D" box="[670,764,1535,1558]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">riparius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with respect to all of these features (see below). By contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1DFF2EFC2F240EFBFC8F08" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[989,1143,1564,1587]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFC2F240EFC7E8F08" box="[989,1013,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFBFB240EFBFC8F08" box="[1033,1143,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1DFF2EFD6C242BFCAC8F6B" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1960" box="[670,807,1593,1616]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riparius">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFD6C242BFD3D8F6B" box="[670,694,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFD3B242BFCAC8F6B" box="[713,807,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">riparius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are easily distinguished by craniodental morphology (figures 57, 58), and we found no species overlap in five of seven craniodental measurements (table 57).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF1DFF31FD4E24BDFEF18C86" blockId="142.[670,1199,214,1763]" lastBlockId="145.[128,657,889,1763]" lastPageId="145" lastPageNumber="145" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1DFF2EFD4E24BDFC1F8FFD" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[700,916,1711,1734]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFD4E24BDFC1F8FFD" box="[700,916,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">Myotis nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1DFF2EFD1324DEFCF68FD8" box="[737,893,1740,1763]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="142" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFD1324DEFD728FD8" box="[737,761,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1DFF2EFCFE24DEFCF68FD8" box="[780,893,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="142" pageNumber="142">albescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
throughout South Amer ica based on postorbital breadth and braincase breadth, both of which are greater in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF03FF30FDBC242BFF448F55" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF03FF30FDBC242BFDED8F6B" box="[590,614,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="144">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF03FF30FFAC2445FF448F55" box="[94,207,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="144">albescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
where these taxa occur in sympatry or nearsympatry (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF03FF30FE822466FD918FB0" author="Husson, A. M." bookContentInfo="282 pp." box="[368,538,1652,1675]" journalOrPublisher="Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52" pageId="144" pageNumber="144" refId="ref95767" refString="Husson, A. M. 1962. The bats of Suriname. Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52: 282 pp. 1 30 pls." title="The bats of Suriname" type="book" year="1962">Husson, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1978; LaVal, 1973;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF03FF30FF0E2483FD888F93" author="Baud, F. J. & H. Menu" box="[252,515,1681,1704]" journalOrPublisher="Rev. Suisse Zool." pageId="144" pageNumber="144" pagination="595 - 607" part="100" refId="ref91622" refString="Baud, F. J., and H. Menu 1993. Paraguayan bats of the genus Myotis, with a redefinition of M. simus (Thomas, 1901). Rev. Suisse Zool. 100: 595 - 607." title="Paraguayan bats of the genus Myotis, with a redefinition of M. simus (Thomas, 1901)" type="journal article" year="1993">Baud and Menu, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF03FF30FDE52483FF2F8FFE" author="Husson, A. M." bookContentInfo="282 pp." journalOrPublisher="Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52" pageId="144" pageNumber="144" refId="ref95767" refString="Husson, A. M. 1962. The bats of Suriname. Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52: 282 pp. 1 30 pls." title="The bats of Suriname" type="book" year="1962">Husson (1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1978) noted that Surinamese specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF03FF30FF2E24DEFE0B8FD8" box="[220,384,1740,1763]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF03FF30FF2E24DEFF7F8FD8" box="[220,244,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="144">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF03FF30FEFD24DEFE0B8FD8" box="[271,384,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="144">albescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a braincase breadth> 6.8 mm and a postorbital breadth> 3.6 mm, whereas these dimensions are smaller in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF03FF30FCEE2445FC388F55" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[796,947,1622,1646]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF03FF30FCEE2445FCBF8F55" box="[796,820,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="144">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF03FF30FCB72445FC388F55" box="[837,947,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="144">nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Surinam. None of our specimens from Paracou has a braincase breadth> 6.75 mm, and only one specimen has a postorbital breadth>3.50 mm (table 57). In our sample of 29 individuals, the specimen with the largest postorbital breadth (MNHN 1995.943, postorbital breadth 3.65 mm) has a braincase breadth identical to the sample mean (6.41 mm). Based on these data and comparisons of external morphology, we are confident that none of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF02FF31FEE3263BFEEB8D7B" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[273,352,1065,1088]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF02FF31FEE3263BFEEB8D7B" box="[273,352,1065,1088]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="145">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected at Paracou represents
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF02FF31FF2C2655FEF78D65" box="[222,380,1094,1118]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF02FF31FF2C2655FF7D8D65" box="[222,246,1095,1118]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="145">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF02FF31FEF92655FEF78D65" box="[267,380,1095,1118]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="145">albescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF02FF31FE622655FDD68D65" box="[400,605,1095,1118]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF02FF31FE622655FDD68D65" box="[400,605,1095,1118]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="145">Myotis albescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has yet to be reported in French Guiana despite its occurrence in Surinam and northeastern Brazil. However, we note that several specimens identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF02FF31FE9B26AEFD888DE8" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[361,515,1212,1235]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF02FF31FE9B26AEFE0A8DE8" box="[361,385,1212,1235]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="145">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF02FF31FE6726AEFD888DE8" box="[405,515,1212,1235]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="145">nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Brosset and CharlesDominique were reported to have postorbital breadth
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF02FF31FE5826E4FE4B8C35" bold="true" box="[426,448,1270,1294]" pageId="145" pageNumber="145">≥</emphasis>
|
||
3.7 mm, and it is possible that one or more of these specimens may represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF02FF31FEDF2723FE4E8C73" box="[301,453,1329,1352]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF02FF31FEDF2723FECE8C73" box="[301,325,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="145">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF02FF31FEA62723FE4E8C73" box="[340,453,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="145">albescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF02FF31FDBB2723FF518C5D" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF02FF31FDBB2723FDEA8C73" box="[585,609,1329,1352]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="145">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF02FF31FD822723FF518C5D" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="145">albescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
generally has a distinctively ‘‘frosted’’ pelage, LaVal (1973) noted that some specimens lack this feature and externally resemble
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF02FF31FF2E27B5FEF88C85" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[220,371,1446,1470]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF02FF31FF2E27B5FF7F8C85" box="[220,244,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="145">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF02FF31FEF727B5FEF88C85" box="[261,371,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="145">nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="93CF1D8EFF1CFF2FFF682461FE938FE3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545174" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545174/files/figure.png" pageId="143" pageNumber="143" startId="143.[154,192,1651,1672]" targetBox="[196,1168,210,1629]" targetPageId="143">
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF1CFF2FFF682461FE938FE3" blockId="143.[128,1233,1650,1752]" pageId="143" pageNumber="143">
|
||
Fig. 57. Dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1CFF2FFEAE2460FEE48FBC" bold="true" box="[348,367,1650,1671]" pageId="143" pageNumber="143">A</emphasis>
|
||
) and ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1CFF2FFDF42460FD9C8FBC" bold="true" box="[518,535,1650,1671]" pageId="143" pageNumber="143">B</emphasis>
|
||
) views of the skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1CFF2FFCF82461FC378FB3" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[778,956,1651,1672]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1CFF2FFCF82461FC378FB3" box="[778,956,1651,1672]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="143">Myotis nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 267228; female) from Paracou. Dorsal (
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1CFF2FFE8B249FFE078F99" bold="true" box="[377,396,1677,1698]" pageId="143" pageNumber="143">C</emphasis>
|
||
) and ventral (
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1CFF2FFDDB249FFDB78F99" bold="true" box="[553,572,1677,1698]" pageId="143" pageNumber="143">D</emphasis>
|
||
) views of the skull of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF1CFF2FFCC9249CFC3E8F98" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1960" box="[827,949,1677,1699]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="143" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riparius">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1CFF2FFCC9249CFCDA8F98" box="[827,849,1678,1699]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="143">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF1CFF2FFC93249CFC3E8F98" box="[865,949,1678,1699]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="143">riparius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 268591; female) from Paracou. Note differences in structure of the anterior braincase, palate, and auditory region. Scale bars = 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="93CF1D8EFF03FF30FF8A27B1FCB88CE9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545176" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545176/files/figure.png" pageId="144" pageNumber="144" startId="144.[120,158,1443,1464]" targetBox="[295,1001,213,1414]" targetPageId="144">
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF03FF30FF8A27B1FCB88CE9" blockId="144.[94,1198,1442,1491]" pageId="144" pageNumber="144">
|
||
Fig. 58. Lateral views of the skull and lower jaw of (
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF03FF30FD3127B0FD5D8C8C" bold="true" box="[707,726,1442,1463]" pageId="144" pageNumber="144">A</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF03FF30FD1427B1FC128C83" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[742,921,1443,1464]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF03FF30FD1427B1FC128C83" box="[742,921,1443,1464]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="144">Myotis nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 267228; female) and (
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF03FF30FF6727AFFF2D8CE9" bold="true" box="[149,166,1469,1490]" pageId="144" pageNumber="144">B</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF03FF30FF4A27ACFEBA8CE8" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1960" box="[184,305,1469,1491]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="144" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riparius">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF03FF30FF4A27ACFF458CE8" box="[184,206,1470,1491]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="144">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF03FF30FF2F27ACFEBA8CE8" box="[221,305,1470,1491]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="144">riparius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(AMNH 268591; female). Scale bars = 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF02FF31FF6F27D6FC8E8D7B" blockId="145.[128,657,889,1763]" lastBlockId="145.[704,1233,889,1470]" pageId="145" pageNumber="145">
|
||
Our voucher material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF02FF31FE3B27D6FD1A8CE0" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[457,657,1476,1499]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF02FF31FE3B27D6FD1A8CE0" box="[457,657,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="145">Myotis nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
falls within the lower range of size variation previously reported for this species (e.g., by LaVal, 1973;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF02FF31FED3240EFDC88F08" author="Wilson, D. E. & R. K. LaVal" bookContentInfo="3 pp." box="[289,579,1564,1587]" journalOrPublisher="Mamm. Species 39" pageId="145" pageNumber="145" refId="ref102861" refString="Wilson, D. E., and R. K. LaVal 1974. Myotis nigricans. Mamm. Species 39: 3 pp." title="Myotis nigricans" type="book" year="1974">Wilson and LaVal, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). With the exception of postorbital breadth (noted above), the Paracou specimens are similar in all dimensions to specimens reported from other localities in French Guiana and Surinam (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF02FF31FF3C24BCFE038FFE" author="Husson, A. M." bookContentInfo="282 pp." box="[206,392,1710,1733]" journalOrPublisher="Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52" pageId="145" pageNumber="145" refId="ref95767" refString="Husson, A. M. 1962. The bats of Suriname. Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52: 282 pp. 1 30 pls." title="The bats of Suriname" type="book" year="1962">Husson, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1978;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF02FF31FE0424BCFE488FD8" author="Brosset, A. & P. Charles-Dominique" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="145" pageNumber="145" pagination="509 - 559" part="54" refId="ref91807" refString="Brosset, A., and P. Charles-Dominique 1990. The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509 - 559." title="The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach" type="journal article" year="1990">Brosset and CharlesDominique, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Most of our specimens have long, silky, brownish dorsal fur. However, several have fur that is brownish but woollier in texture, and one individual (a male) has almost black fur. The ventral fur is always slightly lighter in color than the dorsal fur, appearing frosted in many specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFF02FF31FD2F2654FC9D8C86" pageId="145" pageNumber="145" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF02FF31FD2F2654FBE78C73" blockId="145.[704,1233,889,1470]" pageId="145" pageNumber="145">
|
||
FIELD OBSERVATIONS: We made 29 vouchered captures of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF02FF31FC712676FBC38D40" baseAuthorityName="Schinz" baseAuthorityYear="1821" box="[899,1096,1124,1147]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigricans">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF02FF31FC712676FBC38D40" box="[899,1096,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="145">Myotis nigricans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Paracou, 25 of which were in groundlevel mistnets and 4 of which were in elevated nets. Of the 25 groundlevel captures, 3 were in creekside primary forest, 9 were in manmade clearings, and 13 were over roadside puddles. The elevated net captures were made between 4 and 13 m above a narrow dirt road.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF02FF31FD2F275CFC9D8C86" blockId="145.[704,1233,889,1470]" pageId="145" pageNumber="145">
|
||
See the following species account for habitat comparisons with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF02FF31FC30277EFBFC8CB8" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1960" box="[962,1143,1388,1411]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="riparius">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF02FF31FC30277EFBFC8CB8" box="[962,1143,1388,1411]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="145">Myotis riparius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and for information about captures of unidentified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF02FF31FD3227B5FC848C85" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" box="[704,783,1447,1470]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="145" pageNumber="145" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF02FF31FD3227B5FC848C85" box="[704,783,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="145">Myotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |