179 lines
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179 lines
16 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.181.2984" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e549c776-377b-4d97-b0dc-7e8c849a0f0e" ID-PMC="PMC3332019" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-181-23" ID-PubMed="22539909" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-181-23" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 181" ModsDocTitle="A synopsis of the genus Cypholoba Chaudoir (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Anthiini) known to occur in the Republic of South Africa" checkinTime="1451249164407" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mawdsley, Jonathan R., Erwin, Terry L., Sithole, Hendrik & Mawdsley, Alice S." docDate="2012" docId="BF06C1BA09E6130E16B964B83F073014" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 181: 23-43" docOrigin="ZooKeys 181" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.181.2984" docTitle="Cypholoba graphipteroides subsp. graphipteroides Guerin-Meneville 1845" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="30" masterDocId="FFF7FF9CFFC1BE0AFFE1750A9522FF9C" masterDocTitle="A synopsis of the genus Cypholoba Chaudoir (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Anthiini) known to occur in the Republic of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1668153620510" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A synopsis of the genus Cypholoba Chaudoir (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Anthiini) known to occur in the Republic of South Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mawdsley, Jonathan R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Erwin, Terry L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sithole, Hendrik</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mawdsley, Alice S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>181</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>23</mods:start>
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<mods:end>43</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.181.2984</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.181.2984</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-181-23</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152034484" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BF06C1BA09E6130E16B964B83F073014" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF06C1BA09E6130E16B964B83F073014" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Cypholoba_graphipteroides_graphipteroides" authority="Guerin-Meneville, 1845" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1845" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cypholoba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cypholoba graphipteroides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graphipteroides">
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Cypholoba graphipteroides graphipteroides (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guérin-Méneville">Guerin-Meneville</normalizedToken>
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, 1845)
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</taxonomicName>
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Figs 1 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 26 31 33
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Anthia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anthia graphipteroides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graphipteroides">Anthia graphipteroides</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Guerin-Meneville, FE" journalOrPublisher="Revue Zoologique, par la Societe Cuvierienne" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="283 - 286" title="Description de quelques-uns des Insectes les plus remarquable decouverts par M. A. Delegorgue dans les pays des Boschimans, des Ama Zoulous, des Massilicatzi et au Port Natal, pendant les annees 1838, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 et 44." volume="18" year="1845">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guérin-Méneville">Guerin-Meneville</normalizedToken>
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(1845
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</bibRefCitation>
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:285, type locality "in regione Massilicatzi," holotype in Museum National
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
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Naturelle, Paris)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Polyhirma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyhirma graphipteroides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graphipteroides">Polyhirma graphipteroides</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guérin-Méneville">Guerin-Meneville</normalizedToken>
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)
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<bibRefCitation author="Peringuey, L" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society" pageId="13" pageNumber="36" pagination="99 - 623" title="Descriptive catalogue of the Coleoptera of South Africa, part II." volume="7" year="1896">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Péringuey">Peringuey</normalizedToken>
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(1896
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</bibRefCitation>
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:346)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cypholoba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cypholoba graphipteroides subsp. graphipteroides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="graphipteroides" subSpecies="graphipteroides">Cypholoba graphipteroides graphipteroides</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guérin-Méneville">Guerin-Meneville</normalizedToken>
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)
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<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Strohmeyer (1928</bibRefCitation>
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:343)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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Apparent body length (ABL) 24-27 mm; this species is easily separated from most of the other sympatric species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cypholoba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cypholoba" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cypholoba</taxonomicName>
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by the distinctive pattern of pubescence and setae on the elytra (Fig. 11). Adults could potentially be confused with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cypholoba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cypholoba leucospilota" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucospilota">Cypholoba leucospilota</taxonomicName>
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, but in that species the pubescence on the pronotum and elytral suture is yellowish and the patches of setae at apical third are brilliant white (Fig. 16).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="materials examined">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Materials examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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77 specimens from the following localities: RSA: Gauteng Province: Pretoria, Rosslyn. KwaZulu/Natal Province: Hluhluwe, Mkuze Game Reserve, Ndumu, St. Lucia Bay. Limpopo Province: Alma, Koedoesrivier, Letaba Rest Camp in the Kruger National Park, 9-14 miles E Louis Trichardt, 75 km W Messina, Nylstroom, Nylsvley, Pietersburg, 9 miles N Pietersburg, 20-26 miles NE Pietersburg, Potgietersrus, Punda Maria Rest Camp in the Kruger National Park, Rust de Winter, Shilouvane, Thabina, Warmbath. Mpumalanga Province: Kaapmuiden, 20 km SW Kaapmuiden, Louws Creek, Lydenburg,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="N’waswitshaka">N'waswitshaka</normalizedToken>
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Research Camp, Pretoriuskop, Sabie river banks west of Paul Kruger Gate, Skukuza. Province uncertain: Lebombo Mountains.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" type="notes on biology">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Notes on biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="6" pageNumber="29">
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This is easily the most abundant and frequently encountered species of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" rank="tribe" tribe="Anthiini">Anthiini</taxonomicName>
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in the Kruger National Park, RSA. Adults (Fig. 1) emerge in the early rainy season (November-December) and can be locally abundant. Adults are active both nocturnally and diurnally and are typically found in riverine or riparian areas near flowing water. The charactistic behavior observed in this species, as with most
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" rank="tribe" tribe="Anthiini">Anthiini</taxonomicName>
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, is a rapid walking behavior which appears to be associated primarily with foraging but also is likely involved in searching for conspecifics and prospective larval habitats. We have observed adults of this species in several distinct vegetation communities (riverine gallery forest, open
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Combretum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Combretum apiculatum" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="apiculatum">Combretum apiculatum</taxonomicName>
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-
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia nigrescens" order="Fabales" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrescens">Acacia nigrescens</taxonomicName>
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savanna,
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phragmites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phragmites" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Phragmites</taxonomicName>
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reed beds) and microhabitats (sand or dirt roads adjacent to riverine communities, dry sand wash, and riverine sand bars). This species also occasionally enters human-inhabited areas; we have found individuals in the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="N’waswitshaka">N'waswitshaka</normalizedToken>
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Research Camp at Skukuza and also in the main tourist areas at the Skukuza tourist camp.
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<bibRefCitation pageId="6" pageNumber="29">Marshall and Poulton (1902)</bibRefCitation>
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suggest that this species may be a mimic of
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<taxonomicName family="Mutillidae" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" rank="family">Mutillidae</taxonomicName>
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and other stinging
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hymenoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hymenoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
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. Our observations suggest that, while there are certainly similarities in color pattern and behavior between adults of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cypholoba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cypholoba graphipteroides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graphipteroides">Cypholoba graphipteroides</taxonomicName>
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and sympatric
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<taxonomicName family="Mutillidae" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" rank="family">Mutillidae</taxonomicName>
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, adults of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cypholoba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cypholoba graphipteroides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graphipteroides">Cypholoba graphipteroides</taxonomicName>
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are actually significantly larger in size than most of the sympatric black-and-white mutillid wasps, rendering the resemblance less than exact. We infer from these observations that selection pressures may not be operating as intensely
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="30" start="start">on</pageBreakToken>
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this species as on other
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<taxonomicName family="Carabidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
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(for examples of carabid beetles which are much more convincing mimics of
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<taxonomicName family="Mutillidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" rank="family">Mutillidae</taxonomicName>
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, see
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<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Marshall and Poulton 1902</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
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Figure 33. Riverine/riparian area along the south bank of the Sabie River west of Paul Kruger Gate in the Kruger National Park, RSA. A collecting site for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cypholoba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cypholoba graphipteroides subsp. graphipteroides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="graphipteroides" subSpecies="graphipteroides">Cypholoba graphipteroides graphipteroides</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
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Figure 34. Upland
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia nigrescens" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nigrescens">Acacia nigrescens</taxonomicName>
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-
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Combretum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Combretum apiculatum" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="apiculatum">Combretum apiculatum</taxonomicName>
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savanna near Skukuza in the Kruger National Park, RSA. A collecting site for
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cypholoba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cypholoba alveolata" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alveolata">Cypholoba alveolata</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="30" type="notes on taxonomy">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Notes on taxonomy.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="30">
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<bibRefCitation pageId="7" pageNumber="30">Strohmeyer (1928)</bibRefCitation>
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recognized 20 subspecies in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cypholoba" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cypholoba graphipteroides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graphipteroides">Cypholoba graphipteroides</taxonomicName>
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, many of which were separated on the basis of differences in the setal patterns of the elytra. Many of these taxa are doubtfully distinct from the nominate form and the whole group is in need of a careful revision. Such a revision should include examination of extensive series in order to determine the extent of intrapopulational variation in the elytral setal patterns. Figures 12-15 illustrate the variation in elytral setal patterns within a single population of this species, located west of Paul Kruger Gate along the Sabie River in the Kruger National Park.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |