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<document id="4922B3ABD4BFEEE3CE22D2F4EFE5B5A2" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.188448" ID-GBIF-Dataset="10d3b521-818c-44d2-af1b-df4281f82b80" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="188448" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461093309137" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Garzón-Orduña, Ivonne J. &amp; Penz, Carla M." docDate="2009" docId="4F1326670D2475516BD0B6C062F0A059" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02134p022.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2134" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Brassolis dinizi d'Almeida 1956, NEW STATUS" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="B32A5E1F0D2175546B47B2416662A72F" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny of Dynastor and Brassolis butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): a tough nut to crack" masterLastPageNumber="22" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698588535132" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="8FE86A6F187C5F4583BC85246F1F719C">Phylogeny of Dynastor and Brassolis butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae): a tough nut to crack</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AEBDE0D7950736617ED8C45F49FAF951">Garzón-Orduña, Ivonne J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="821CA40171FB4C79F11FE1A0E7674D7C">Penz, Carla M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="6EEB2E53F494D2C4193E3BB15AFE48B8">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="4F1326670D2475516BD0B6C062F0A059" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6221623" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119619944" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6221623" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F1326670D2475516BD0B6C062F0A059" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F1326670D2475516BD0B6C062F0A059" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<subSubSection id="8FA0C4FA0D2475516BD0B6C06711A391" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C70597710D2475516BD0B6C0648CA3B5" blockId="5.[151,750,1152,1214]" box="[151,750,1152,1179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="9C4D201D0D2475516BD0B6C0648CA3B5" bold="true" box="[151,750,1152,1179]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F5CE4B630D2475516BD0B6C0648CA3B5" bold="true" box="[151,750,1152,1179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="00BAECF20D2475516BD0B6C06447A3B5" authority="d'Almeida, 1956" authorityName="d'Almeida" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,549,1152,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dinizi" status="stat. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5CE4B630D2475516BD0B6C06732A3B4" bold="true" box="[151,336,1153,1179]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brassolis dinizi</emphasis>
d’Almeida, 1956
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EEFDF6180D2475516975B6C1648CA3B5" box="[562,750,1152,1178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">NEW STATUS</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C70597710D2475516BD0B6E56711A391" blockId="5.[151,750,1152,1214]" box="[151,371,1188,1214]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
(
<figureCitation id="5F818BF40D2475516BD8B6E56687A391" box="[159,229,1188,1214]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1301,1325]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,274,1275]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1430,264,1309]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Brassolis species in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. (A &amp; B) Male and female B. sophorae from French Guiana. (C &amp; D) Female and male B. sophorae from Ecuador. (E &amp; F) Male and female B. haenschi from Ecuador. (G) Male B. sophorae from Trinidad. (H) Male B. sophorae from Peru. (I &amp; J) Male and female B. dinizi from Paraiba and Ceará respectively (Brazil). (K) Male B. sophorae from Santa Catarina (Brazil). (L) Male B. sophorae from Paraguay." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188450/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Fig.
<date id="B304B1B10D2475516B91B6E56687A391" box="[214,229,1188,1214]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</date>
</figureCitation>
I–J, 7A, 9E)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FA0C4FA0D2475516BD0B6B1636AA2DC" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C70597710D2475516BD0B6B1636AA2DC" blockId="5.[151,1437,1264,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="F5CE4B630D2475516BD0B6B1677EA225" bold="true" box="[151,284,1264,1290]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Recognized by a combination of seven characters: (1) small size (male FW length 53.3 – 62.5 mm); (2) in both sexes, dorsal background coloration ashen brown; (3) in both sexes, ventral surface of both wings markedly pale and contrasting a diffuse dark area proximal to the FW postmedial band, below the discal cell; (4) in males, dorsal FW postmedial band completely white above Cu1, with a pale orange tinge posteriorly, usually below Cu1 (
<figureCitation id="5F818BF40D2475516950B7CD643DA289" box="[535,607,1420,1446]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,255,1907,1931]" captionTargetBox="[202,1408,195,1834]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,157,1880]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Wing characters. (A) Brassolis dizini. (B) B. astyra. (C) B. haenschi. (D) Dynastor darius." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188455/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A, character 12:0); (5) in females, dorsal FW postmedial band nearly bifurcated into two branches at the distal edge of the discal cell (
<figureCitation id="5F818BF40D2475516885B7F3626CA2E3" box="[962,1038,1458,1484]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1301,1325]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,274,1275]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1430,264,1309]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Brassolis species in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. (A &amp; B) Male and female B. sophorae from French Guiana. (C &amp; D) Female and male B. sophorae from Ecuador. (E &amp; F) Male and female B. haenschi from Ecuador. (G) Male B. sophorae from Trinidad. (H) Male B. sophorae from Peru. (I &amp; J) Male and female B. dinizi from Paraiba and Ceará respectively (Brazil). (K) Male B. sophorae from Santa Catarina (Brazil). (L) Male B. sophorae from Paraguay." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188450/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
J); (6) in both sexes, dorsal HW postmedial band pale orange and well defined; (7) in both sexes, abdomen faded orange dorsally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FA0C4FA0D2475516B82B7BE62F0A059" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C70597710D2475516B82B7BE6555A135" blockId="5.[151,1437,1264,1910]" box="[197,823,1535,1562]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="F5CE4B630D2475516B82B7BE670AA136" bold="true" box="[197,360,1535,1561]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution:</emphasis>
Northeastern
<collectingCountry id="BFADD7E10D247551694AB4416437A135" box="[525,597,1536,1562]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(d’Almeida 1956).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C70597710D2475516B82B46762F0A059" blockId="5.[151,1437,1264,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="F5CE4B630D2475516B82B4676457A16F" bold="true" box="[197,565,1574,1600]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Justification for new status:</emphasis>
It is likely that d’Almeida (1956) considered
<taxonomicName id="00BAECF20D2475516F37B46662D6A16F" box="[1136,1204,1575,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dinizi">
<emphasis id="F5CE4B630D2475516F37B46662D6A16F" box="[1136,1204,1575,1600]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">dinizi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="00BAECF20D2475516EC5B4666766A149" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophorae">
<emphasis id="F5CE4B630D2475516EC5B4666766A149" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. sophorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because it has a well-defined HW postmedial band. However, when compared to
<taxonomicName id="00BAECF20D2475516F8AB40C6339A149" box="[1229,1371,1613,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophorae">
<emphasis id="F5CE4B630D2475516F8AB40C6339A149" box="[1229,1371,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. sophorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from several localities across its range (Appendix 1,
<figureCitation id="5F818BF40D2475516981B435656CA1A1" box="[710,782,1652,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,257,1301,1325]" captionTargetBox="[169,1419,274,1275]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1430,264,1309]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Brassolis species in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. (A &amp; B) Male and female B. sophorae from French Guiana. (C &amp; D) Female and male B. sophorae from Ecuador. (E &amp; F) Male and female B. haenschi from Ecuador. (G) Male B. sophorae from Trinidad. (H) Male B. sophorae from Peru. (I &amp; J) Male and female B. dinizi from Paraiba and Ceará respectively (Brazil). (K) Male B. sophorae from Santa Catarina (Brazil). (L) Male B. sophorae from Paraguay." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188450/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="00BAECF20D2475516862B43565E5A1A2" box="[805,903,1652,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dinizi">
<emphasis id="F5CE4B630D2475516862B43565E5A1A2" box="[805,903,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B. dinizi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows a distinctively pale dorsal and ventral coloration, nearly completely white male FW postmedial band, and smaller wing-length. In combination, characters listed above provide a positive and reliable diagnosis for
<taxonomicName id="00BAECF20D247551688FB4806269A1F5" box="[968,1035,1729,1754]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dinizi">
<emphasis id="F5CE4B630D247551688FB4806269A1F5" box="[968,1035,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">dinizi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Furthermore, the tree in
<figureCitation id="5F818BF40D2475516E07B48063E4A1F4" box="[1344,1414,1729,1755]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,261,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[207,1385,425,1637]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[165,1425,391,1651]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. (A) Strict consensus tree from the analysis of 57 characters with K = 3. (B &amp; C) Two of the most parsimonious trees, the third tree had the same topology of the strict consensus. Relative Bremer support (on the left) and Jackknife values (on the right) are on the left hand of the branches." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188452/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A shows four character changes for this species; a number comparable to
<taxonomicName id="00BAECF20D24755168B3B4A9623CA02E" box="[1012,1118,1768,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haenschi">
<emphasis id="F5CE4B630D24755168B3B4A9623CA02E" box="[1012,1118,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">haenschi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and larger than what was found for other
<taxonomicName id="00BAECF20D2475516A09B54E67D9A007" box="[334,443,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5CE4B630D2475516A09B54E67D9A007" box="[334,443,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brassolis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. While
<taxonomicName id="00BAECF20D2475516950B54E643AA007" box="[535,600,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dinizi">
<emphasis id="F5CE4B630D2475516950B54E643AA007" box="[535,600,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">dinizi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be clearly distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="00BAECF20D24755168ACB54E623AA007" box="[1003,1112,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sophorae">
<emphasis id="F5CE4B630D24755168ACB54E623AA007" box="[1003,1112,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sophorae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, other
<taxonomicName id="00BAECF20D2475516FEEB54E6374A007" box="[1193,1302,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5CE4B630D2475516FEEB54E6374A007" box="[1193,1302,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Brassolis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are more difficult to separate (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="00BAECF20D247551694EB574643DA061" box="[521,607,1845,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isthmia">
<emphasis id="F5CE4B630D247551694EB574643DA061" box="[521,607,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">isthmia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="00BAECF20D24755169DEB574654AA061" box="[665,808,1845,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granadensis">
<emphasis id="F5CE4B630D24755169DEB574654AA061" box="[665,808,1845,1870]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">granadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Therefore, based on the diagnostic characters listed here, we propose a change in the taxonomic status of
<taxonomicName id="00BAECF20D247551684DB51D6529A05A" box="[778,843,1884,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Brassolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dinizi">
<emphasis id="F5CE4B630D247551684DB51D6529A05A" box="[778,843,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">dinizi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from subspecies to species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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