193 lines
22 KiB
XML
193 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="5E5B5DB8E9F7B14C276B6174EF9F4689">Spiders (Araneae) Of Subotica Sandland (Serbia): Additional Arguments In Environmental Protection</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="96DDAC4D225B47C8B35BCF6463752468">Grbić, Gordana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C2B6804B041134728358416763CE46D9">Hänggi, Ambros</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="92FD1D4AE92490C44DBD060BF63BF5A3">Krnjajić, Slobodan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="757B562FDA809407CDFE2C4FB3AA672D">Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae</mods:title>
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<heading id="00355A17735EFFCA528D81A0FCBFFF6B" box="[408,817,190,217]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="9CC296F8735EFFCA528D81A0FCBFFF6B" ID-CoL="3GL3Z" authority="Simon, 1895" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1895" box="[408,817,190,217]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mongolica">
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<emphasis id="69B63169735EFFCA528D81A0FD03FF6A" box="[408,653,190,216]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Gnaphosa mongolica</emphasis>
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Simon, 1895
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5B7DED7B735EFFCA53D081E8FD53FEBE" blockId="10.[136,1091,246,528]" box="[197,733,246,268]" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">
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Material:
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<date id="2F7CCBBB735EFFCA523F81E8FE18FEBE" box="[298,406,246,268]" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" value="2014-05-30">30.05.2014</date>
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M1
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1f;
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<date id="2F7CCBBB735EFFCA510A81E8FD04FEBE" box="[543,650,246,268]" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" value="2014-06-27">27.06.2014</date>
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M1
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5B7DED7B735EFFCA53D0800DFB87FE9B" blockId="10.[136,1091,246,528]" box="[197,1033,275,297]" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">
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||
Determination:
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<bibRefCitation id="3F53908A735EFFCA527E800DFDC2FE9A" author="WEISS, I. & MARCU, A." box="[363,588,275,296]" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" pagination="113 - 115" refId="ref21898" refString="WEISS, I. & MARCU, A. (1988). Gnaphosa spinosa Kulczynski, eine unvollstandig beschriebene Spinne Sudosteuropas (Arachnida, Araneae, Gnaphosidae). - Reichenbachia 25: 113 - 115." type="journal article" year="1988">WEISS & MARCU 1988</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="3F53908A735EFFCA5143800DFCDBFE9A" author="OVTSHARENKO, V. I. & PLATNICK, N. I. & SONG, D. X." box="[598,853,275,297]" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref20362" refString="OVTSHARENKO, V. I., PLATNICK, N. I. & SONG, D. X. (1992): A review of the North Asian ground spiders of the genus Gnaphosa (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). - Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 212: 1 - 88." type="book chapter" year="1992">
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OVTSHARENKO
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<emphasis id="69B63169735EFFCA51FA800AFC90FE9A" box="[751,798,275,297]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
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||
1992
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="3F53908A735EFFCA504A800DFB8BFE9B" author="SZITA, E. & SAMU, F. & SZINETAR, C. & DUDAS, G. & BOTOS, E. & HORVATH, R. & SZALKOVSKI, O." box="[863,1029,275,297]" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" pagination="329 - 334" refId="ref21449" refString="SZITA, E., SAMU, F., SZINETAR, C., DUDAS, G., BOTOS, E., HORVATH, R. & SZALKOVSKI, O. (2005): New data on the occurrence of Gnaphosa rufula (L. Koch, 1866) and Gnaphosa mongolica Simon, 1895 in Hungary. Pp. 329 - 334. In: DELTSHEV, C. & STOEV, P. (eds): European Arachnology 2005. - Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 57 (Supplement 1)." type="journal article" year="2005">
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SZITA
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<emphasis id="69B63169735EFFCA508B800AFC48FE9A" box="[926,966,275,297]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
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. 2005
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5B7DED7B735EFFCA53D0802EFC82FEF7" blockId="10.[136,1091,246,528]" box="[197,780,304,326]" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Global distribution: Palearctic (not in Western Europe).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5B7DED7B735EFFCA53D08053FDB2FED0" blockId="10.[136,1091,246,528]" box="[197,572,333,355]" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Habitat: Under stones in the steppe</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5B7DED7B735EFFCB53D08074FBD0FEF5" blockId="10.[136,1091,246,528]" lastBlockId="11.[173,1127,190,587]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">
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Note: The determination of this species is not entirely clear. Our material fits quite well to the figures of
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<bibRefCitation id="3F53908A735EFFCA52618099FDEEFE2E" author="WEISS, I. & MARCU, A." box="[372,608,391,412]" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" pagination="113 - 115" refId="ref21898" refString="WEISS, I. & MARCU, A. (1988). Gnaphosa spinosa Kulczynski, eine unvollstandig beschriebene Spinne Sudosteuropas (Arachnida, Araneae, Gnaphosidae). - Reichenbachia 25: 113 - 115." type="journal article" year="1988">WEISS & MARCU (1988</bibRefCitation>
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||
, sub
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<taxonomicName id="9CC296F8735EFFCA518F8098FB82FE2E" authority="Kulczynski, 1897" authorityName="Kulczynski" authorityYear="1897" box="[666,1036,390,412]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosa">
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||
<emphasis id="69B63169735EFFCA518F8098FCC4FE2E" box="[666,842,390,412]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Gnaphosa spinosa</emphasis>
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Kulczyński, 1897
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</taxonomicName>
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), but less to the figures in the other cited literature. The base of the median apophysis looks somewhat like the one of
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<taxonomicName id="9CC296F8735EFFCA52B680DEFC95FE64" authority="(L. Koch, 1866)" baseAuthorityName="L. Koch" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[419,795,448,470]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muscorum">
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<emphasis id="69B63169735EFFCA52B680DEFDFCFE64" box="[419,626,448,470]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Gnaphosa muscorum</emphasis>
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(L. Koch, 1866)
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</taxonomicName>
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, but the median apophysis seems to be a little bit expanded (
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<figureCitation id="C3F9F1FE735EFFCA52FF80C3FDA9FE41" box="[490,551,477,499]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[136,172,1528,1550]" captionTargetBox="[136,1088,554,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-154@10.[136,1088,554,1507]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Gnaphosa mongolica, A–C = male left palp, A = retrolateral, B = ventral, C = prolateral, D = epigyne, ventral, E = vulva, dorsal. Scale bars: 1 mm for A–C, 0.5 mm for D–E" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12612080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12612080/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). The tibial apophysis is smoothly bent without an inclined tip as in
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<bibRefCitation id="3F53908A735EFFCA522A80E4FDCAFDBD" author="WEISS, I. & MARCU, A." box="[319,580,506,528]" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" pagination="113 - 115" refId="ref21898" refString="WEISS, I. & MARCU, A. (1988). Gnaphosa spinosa Kulczynski, eine unvollstandig beschriebene Spinne Sudosteuropas (Arachnida, Araneae, Gnaphosidae). - Reichenbachia 25: 113 - 115." type="journal article" year="1988">WEISS and MARCU (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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and not with a median thickening as in
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<bibRefCitation id="3F53908A735EFFCB50E480E4FE82FF66" author="SZITA, E. & SAMU, F. & SZINETAR, C. & DUDAS, G. & BOTOS, E. & HORVATH, R. & SZALKOVSKI, O." lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" pagination="329 - 334" refId="ref21449" refString="SZITA, E., SAMU, F., SZINETAR, C., DUDAS, G., BOTOS, E., HORVATH, R. & SZALKOVSKI, O. (2005): New data on the occurrence of Gnaphosa rufula (L. Koch, 1866) and Gnaphosa mongolica Simon, 1895 in Hungary. Pp. 329 - 334. In: DELTSHEV, C. & STOEV, P. (eds): European Arachnology 2005. - Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 57 (Supplement 1)." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
SZITA
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<emphasis id="69B63169735EFFCB573A80E4FF31FF61" italics="true" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">et al</emphasis>
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. (2005)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
or
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<bibRefCitation id="3F53908A735FFFCB523A81A0FDB1FF61" author="OVTSHARENKO, V. I. & PLATNICK, N. I. & SONG, D. X." box="[303,575,190,212]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref20362" refString="OVTSHARENKO, V. I., PLATNICK, N. I. & SONG, D. X. (1992): A review of the North Asian ground spiders of the genus Gnaphosa (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). - Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 212: 1 - 88." type="book chapter" year="1992">
|
||
OVTSHARENKO
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||
<emphasis id="69B63169735FFFCB52D281A1FE79FF61" box="[455,503,190,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1992)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
. Concerning the female, we think that the figures in
|
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<bibRefCitation id="3F53908A735FFFCB53BB81C5FE3EFF42" author="WEISS, I. & MARCU, A." box="[174,432,219,241]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" pagination="113 - 115" refId="ref21898" refString="WEISS, I. & MARCU, A. (1988). Gnaphosa spinosa Kulczynski, eine unvollstandig beschriebene Spinne Sudosteuropas (Arachnida, Araneae, Gnaphosidae). - Reichenbachia 25: 113 - 115." type="journal article" year="1988">WEISS and MARCU (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also correspond better to our material than those in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F53908A735FFFCB50C181C5FEA9FEBF" author="OVTSHARENKO, V. I. & PLATNICK, N. I. & SONG, D. X." pageId="11" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref20362" refString="OVTSHARENKO, V. I., PLATNICK, N. I. & SONG, D. X. (1992): A review of the North Asian ground spiders of the genus Gnaphosa (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). - Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 212: 1 - 88." type="book chapter" year="1992">
|
||
OVTSHARENKO
|
||
<emphasis id="69B63169735FFFCB53BB81E6FF6EFEBF" box="[174,224,248,269]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1992)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F53908A735FFFCB527481E6FD90FEBC" author="SZITA, E. & SAMU, F. & SZINETAR, C. & DUDAS, G. & BOTOS, E. & HORVATH, R. & SZALKOVSKI, O." box="[353,542,248,270]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" pagination="329 - 334" refId="ref21449" refString="SZITA, E., SAMU, F., SZINETAR, C., DUDAS, G., BOTOS, E., HORVATH, R. & SZALKOVSKI, O. (2005): New data on the occurrence of Gnaphosa rufula (L. Koch, 1866) and Gnaphosa mongolica Simon, 1895 in Hungary. Pp. 329 - 334. In: DELTSHEV, C. & STOEV, P. (eds): European Arachnology 2005. - Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 57 (Supplement 1)." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
SZITA
|
||
<emphasis id="69B63169735FFFCB52B481E6FE5DFEBF" box="[417,467,248,269]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2005)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CC296F8735FFFCB513C81E6FD57FEBF" authorityName="Kulczynski" authorityYear="1897" box="[553,729,248,269]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="69B63169735FFFCB513C81E6FD57FEBF" box="[553,729,248,269]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Gnaphosa spinosa</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
was synonymised with
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<taxonomicName id="9CC296F8735FFFCB50F181E6FBE8FEBF" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1895" box="[996,1126,248,269]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mongolica">
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||
<emphasis id="69B63169735FFFCB50F181E6FBE8FEBF" box="[996,1126,248,269]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">G. mongolica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
by
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||
<bibRefCitation id="3F53908A735FFFCB53DA800BFE6FFE98" author="OVTSHARENKO, V. I. & PLATNICK, N. I. & SONG, D. X." box="[207,481,277,298]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref20362" refString="OVTSHARENKO, V. I., PLATNICK, N. I. & SONG, D. X. (1992): A review of the North Asian ground spiders of the genus Gnaphosa (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). - Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 212: 1 - 88." type="book chapter" year="1992">
|
||
OVTSHARENKO
|
||
<emphasis id="69B63169735FFFCB527D800BFE17FE98" box="[360,409,277,298]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1992)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. At the moment, and without more material, we are not able to decide whether the small differences represent different species or even a new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="0FBDBDF3735EFFCA539D84E6FB9CF998" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12612080" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12612080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12612080/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" startId="10.[136,172,1528,1550]" targetBox="[136,1088,554,1507]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="5B7DED7B735EFFCA539D84E6FB9CF998" blockId="10.[136,1089,1528,1579]" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="69B63169735EFFCA539D84E6FF46F9BF" bold="true" box="[136,200,1528,1550]" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CC296F8735EFFCA53DB84E6FE18F9BF" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1895" box="[206,406,1528,1549]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mongolica">
|
||
<emphasis id="69B63169735EFFCA53DB84E6FE18F9BF" box="[206,406,1528,1549]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Gnaphosa mongolica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, A–C = male left palp, A = retrolateral, B = ventral, C = prolateral, D = epigyne, ventral, E = vulva, dorsal. Scale bars: 1 mm for A–C, 0.5 mm for D–E
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B7DED7B735FFFCB53FF8051FCCEFDF9" blockId="11.[173,1127,190,587]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="23D5ADEB735FFFCB521D8051FEE5FED6" box="[264,363,335,356]" name="Hungary" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the species is known since the late 19th century (sub
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CC296F8735FFFCB50BA8050FBD0FED6" authorityName="Kulczynski" authorityYear="1897" box="[943,1118,334,356]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Gnaphosa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="69B63169735FFFCB50BA8050FBD0FED6" box="[943,1118,334,356]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Gnaphosa spinosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and inhabits sandy meadows (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F53908A735FFFCB52E48075FD18FE33" author="SZITA, E. & SAMU, F. & SZINETAR, C. & DUDAS, G. & BOTOS, E. & HORVATH, R. & SZALKOVSKI, O." box="[497,662,363,385]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" pagination="329 - 334" refId="ref21449" refString="SZITA, E., SAMU, F., SZINETAR, C., DUDAS, G., BOTOS, E., HORVATH, R. & SZALKOVSKI, O. (2005): New data on the occurrence of Gnaphosa rufula (L. Koch, 1866) and Gnaphosa mongolica Simon, 1895 in Hungary. Pp. 329 - 334. In: DELTSHEV, C. & STOEV, P. (eds): European Arachnology 2005. - Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 57 (Supplement 1)." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
SZITA
|
||
<emphasis id="69B63169735FFFCB513B8072FDD0FE32" box="[558,606,363,385]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the Subotica Sandland it was also found in the similar sandy habitat (habitat M1) with dominant xerophilous steppe vegetation on brown sand. To our knowledge, no photos of the genital structures are available, so we added some (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3F9F1FE735FFFCB525580DFFEF2FE65" box="[320,380,449,471]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[136,172,1528,1550]" captionTargetBox="[136,1088,554,1507]" captionTargetId="figure-154@10.[136,1088,554,1507]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 5. Gnaphosa mongolica, A–C = male left palp, A = retrolateral, B = ventral, C = prolateral, D = epigyne, ventral, E = vulva, dorsal. Scale bars: 1 mm for A–C, 0.5 mm for D–E" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12612080" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12612080/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) to facilitate determination in future. In the countries where the species is present no Red List of species exists. The species may be very abundant in suitable habitats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F53908A735FFFCB520580E5FE37FDA3" author="SZITA, E. & SAMU, F. & SZINETAR, C. & DUDAS, G. & BOTOS, E. & HORVATH, R. & SZALKOVSKI, O." box="[272,441,507,529]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26" pagination="329 - 334" refId="ref21449" refString="SZITA, E., SAMU, F., SZINETAR, C., DUDAS, G., BOTOS, E., HORVATH, R. & SZALKOVSKI, O. (2005): New data on the occurrence of Gnaphosa rufula (L. Koch, 1866) and Gnaphosa mongolica Simon, 1895 in Hungary. Pp. 329 - 334. In: DELTSHEV, C. & STOEV, P. (eds): European Arachnology 2005. - Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 57 (Supplement 1)." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
SZITA
|
||
<emphasis id="69B63169735FFFCB525A80E2FEF1FDA2" box="[335,383,507,529]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, with the limited geographical distribution in Europe and the narrow ecological niche (sandy steppe, a habitat
|
||
<typeStatus id="847953D9735FFFCB500D8306FCC9FD9F" box="[792,839,536,557]" pageId="11" pageNumber="26">type</typeStatus>
|
||
under economic pressure) we think that it should be classified as an endangered species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |