311 lines
27 KiB
XML
311 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910" ID-GBIF-Dataset="45221874-7fe5-4bd5-a3da-3b318b7dd9a8" ID-PMC="PMC3253626" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-158-1" ID-PubMed="22303109" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-158-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 158" ModsDocTitle="A Revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and Adjacent Waters" checkinTime="1451249442870" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cairns, Stephen D. & Lindner, Alberto" docDate="2011" docId="463AF94DD913F5640006F8A4D88B479A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 158: 1-88" docOrigin="ZooKeys 158" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910" docTitle="Distichopora borealis Fisher 1938" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="CD06FFFFD917034E2D15FFB73E6BFFD7" masterDocTitle="A Revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and Adjacent Waters" masterLastPageNumber="88" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1668153073747" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A Revision of the Stylasteridae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Filifera) from Alaska and Adjacent Waters</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lindner, Alberto</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>158</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>88</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.158.1910</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-158-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032744" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:463AF94DD913F5640006F8A4D88B479A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/463AF94DD913F5640006F8A4D88B479A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Distichopora_borealis" authority="Fisher, 1938" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1938" class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Distichopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Distichopora borealis" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="borealis">Distichopora borealis Fisher, 1938</taxonomicName>
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Figs 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C2A–K">A-C2A-K</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Distichopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Distichopora borealis" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="borealis">Distichopora borealis</taxonomicName>
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Fisher, 1938: 543-545, pl. 70, fig. 3, pl. 71-73.-
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<bibRefCitation author="Broch, H" journalOrPublisher="Matematisk-Naturvidenskapelig Klasse" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 113" title="Investigations of Stylasteridae (Hydrocorals). Skrifter utgitt av Norske Videnskaps-Akaddemi I Oslo. 1." volume="3" year="1942">Broch 1942</bibRefCitation>
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: 20.-
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<bibRefCitation author="Boschma, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 72" title="List of the described species of the order Stylasterina." volume="33" year="1957">Boschma 1957</bibRefCitation>
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: 41 (listed).-
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<bibRefCitation author="Naumov, DV" journalOrPublisher="Keys to the fauna of the USSR published by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 660" title="Hydroids and Hydromedusae of the USSR." volume="70" year="1960">Naumov 1960</bibRefCitation>
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: 562, text-fig. 407.-
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<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Wing and Barnard 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 10, 27, fig. 26.-
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<bibRefCitation author="Heifetz, J" journalOrPublisher="Fisheries Oceanography" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="131 - 138" title="Corals of the Aleutian Islands." url="doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00371.x" volume="14" year="2005">Heifetz et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 133, 137 (listed).-
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<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Jamieson et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 224 (listed).-
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<bibRefCitation author="Brooke, S" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="519 - 532" title="Reproduction of deep-water hydrocorals (family Stylasteridae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska." volume="81" year="2007">Brooke and Stone 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 529, fig. 2I.-
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<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Stone and Shotwell 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 107 (listed).-
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<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lindner et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 3, and supplemental Table S1: 3 (phylogeny and DNA sequences).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Distichopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Distichopora" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Distichopora</taxonomicName>
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sp. Heifetz, 2002: 22 (listed).-
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<bibRefCitation author="Heifetz, J" journalOrPublisher="Fisheries Oceanography" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="131 - 138" title="Corals of the Aleutian Islands." url="doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2005.00371.x" volume="14" year="2005">Heifetz et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 133 (listed).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Holotype, Alb-3480, a female colony (dry) of 9 cm length (USNM 43274, Fig. 1B). Paratypes, Alb-3480, include 3 male, 4 female, 1 indeterminate dry colonies, and SEM stubs 1489-1494 (USNM 76810) and 2 dry female colonies from
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">Alb-</pageBreakToken>
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4781 (USNM 76375).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Alb-3480:
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.1">52°06'00"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-171.75">171°45'00"W</geoCoordinate>
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(Amukta Pass, Aleutian Islands), 518 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Alaskan Leader 40,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.155003">52°09'18"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-175.67834">175°40'42"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 174 m, 8 Jun 2002, 1 female and 1 male, USNM 1122542; Alaskan Leader 54-14,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="51.74">51°44.4'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-178.27834">178°16.7'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 567-680 m, 11 Jun 2002, 6 indet., AB02-29; Alaska Trojan,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="51.413055">51°24'47"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-178.83388">178°50'02"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 640 m, 2 Feb 2000, 1 female, USNM1122447; Ballyhoo,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="54.831112">54°49'52"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="178.72055">178°43'14"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 236, 7 June 2000, 1 female, USNM 1122565; Delta 5600,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.563053">52°33'47"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-179.44583">179°26'45"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 225 m, 15 Jul 2002, 1 male, USNM 1122543; Dominator 971-181,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="51.461945">51°27'43"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="178.58888">178°35'20"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 384 m, 27 Jul 1997, 1 female and 1 male, USNM 1123357; Dominator 971-219,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="53.00083">53°00'03"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="172.31433">172°18.86'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 223 m, 4 Aug 1997, 1 female, 2 male, USNM 1123358; Jason2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–2103–">-2103-</normalizedToken>
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7-4,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="51.7983">51°47.898'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="179.95282">179°57.169'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1267 m, 1 female, AB08-0036; MF 70,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.056667">52°03'24"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="179.41833">179°25'06"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 174 m, 1 male, USNM 77047; Ocean Olympic,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="52.079666">52°04.78'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="177.22316">177°13.39'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 256 m, 1 male, AB00-57; Ocean Olympic,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="52.1445">52°08.67'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="176.591">176°35.46'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 292 m, 1 female, AB00-21; Ommaney 8,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="56.195">56°11'42"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-135.10861">135°06'31"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 53 m, 17 Aug 2006, 1 female in alcohol, USNM 1086324; Patricia Lee,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="51.890667">51°53.44'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="179.795">179°47.7'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 298 m, 1 indet., AB00-41; Sea Storm 36,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="53.095833">53°05'45"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="171.69888">171°41'56"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 458 m, 19 Jun 2002, 1 female and 1 male in alcohol, USNM 1076507 and 1122770; Sea Strom 92,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="51.559444">51°33'34"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-177.6164">177°36'59"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 367 m, 4 Jul 2002, 7 males, USNM 1137601, 1123541, 1122874-76; Sea Storm 93,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="51.84972">51°50'59"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="178.43388">178°26'02"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 390 m, 5 Jul 2002, 2 male, USNM 1122877 and 1123287; Sea Storm 105,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.149723">52°08'59"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="176.03806">176°02'17"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 201 m, 8 Jul 2002, 2 female in alcohol, USNM 1122884; Sea Storm 106,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.179447">52°10'46"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="175.17612">175°10'34"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 165 m, 8 Jul 2002, 1 female and 1 male in alcohol, USNM 1122885 and 1123288; Sea Storm 107,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.174446">52°10'28"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="175.23723">175°14'14"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 214 m, 8 Jul 2002,4 female and 2 males in alcohol, USNM 1122866-70; Sea Storm 108,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.192223">52°11'32"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="175.28334">175°17'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 208 m, 8 Jul 2002, 1 female and 3 males, USNM 1122862-65; Sea Storm 109,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.287777">52°17'16"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="175.34888">175°20'56"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 238 m, 8 Jul 2002, 6 female, 8 male, 3 indet. in alcohol, USNM 1122886 and 1123289; Sea Storm 122,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.046944">52°02'49"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="175.28166">175°16'54"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 143 m, 13 Jul 2002, 2 female and 7 males, USNM 1122858-61; Sea Storm 132,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.200558">52°12'02"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="176.09888">176°05'56"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 150 m, 15 Jul 2002, 1 female in alcohol, USNM 1122854; Sea Storm 133,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.22778">52°13'40"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="176.03696">176°02'13"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 148 m, 15 Jul 2002, 1 male, 2 females in alcohol, USNM 1122855-57; Sea Storm 149,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.504166">52°30'15"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-173.55084">173°33'03"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 239 m, 21 Jul 2002, 1 male in alcohol, USNM 1122883; Sea Storm 151,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="52.56111">52°33'40"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-173.55084">173°33'03"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 203 m, 21 Jul 2002, 1 female and 2 male, USNM 1122878-80; Sea Storm 155, 52°38'43'N,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-173.57527">173°34'31"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 393-401 m, 22 Jul 2002, 1 male and 1 indet., USNM 1122881-82; Shishaldin,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="53.940002">53°56'24"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="179.82527">179°49'31"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 318 m, 14 Mar 2000, 1 female and 1 male, USNM 1122549; Shishaldin,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="54.116665">54°07'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="179.75">179°45'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 366 m, 20 Feb 2000, 1 female and 1 male, USNM 1122544-455; Shishaldin,
|
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="54.39139">54°23'29"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="179.32944">179°19'46"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 413 m, 12 Feb 2000, 1 male, USNM 1122548; Vesteraalen 941-165,
|
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="51.566666">51°34'N</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="178.31667">178°19'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 470 m, 18 Jul 1994, 1 female and 1 male, USNM 96247; Slear, coll.,
|
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="51.99778">51°59'52"N</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="176.78473">176°47'05"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 241 m, 13 Nov 2000, 1 male, USNM 1122458; University of Washington,
|
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="51.533333">51°32'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-179.25">179°15'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 278-289 m, 1 Sep 1968, 1 female, USNM 76377;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="54.337498">54°20'15"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-133.05528">133°03'19"W</geoCoordinate>
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||
, 457-466 m, 1 Sep 2002,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">1</pageBreakToken>
|
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female, USNM 1123535;
|
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="51.22861">51°13'43"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="179.82527">179°49'31"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 465-529 m, 13 Jun 2000, 1 male, USNM 1137421.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Colonies usually uniplanar (Fig. 1B), but occasionally multiplanar or arborescent (Fig. 1A, C). Largest specimen examined (USNM 1122542, Fig. 1C) 11 cm tall and 20 cm broad, having a basal diameter of 3 cm, colonies broader than tall not uncommon. Base of colony broadly encrusting. Branching irregularly dichotomous, occasionally anastomotic. Large basal branches circular to elliptical in cross section, but terminal branches have flattened faces, thus rectangular in cross section. Branch tips blunt and rounded. Coenosteum white to light orange, the latter usually having branches with a white core. Coenosteum reticulate-granular in texture, the strips being 0.10-0.14 mm in width, each strip covered with tall (22
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
tall, 9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter), slender granules arranged 8-10 across the width of a strip. Faces of distal branches often bear longitudinal ridges (Fig. 2A, D, K), some ridges up to 4 mm in length, sometimes ending distally in what appears to be a dactylopore opening (Fig. 2D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Pore rows well defined (Fig. 2B), 1.0-1.3 mm in width, and restricted to lateral branch edges, although isolated rows and some irregularities may occur proximally on large colonies. Gastropores linearly arranged in a shallow sulcus, closely spaced (approximately 12-16 per cm), and circular in shape, measuring 0.33-0.41 mm in diameter. Gastropore tubes long and slightly curved, a diffuse ring palisade present near gastrostyle tip, the elements globular and about 30
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter; tabulae absent. Gastrostyles long, slender, and fragile, up to 1 mm in length and 0.09 mm in diameter, having high H:W ratios up to 8-10. Gastrostyles longitudinally ridged and bear numerous long slender spines up to 0.07 mm in length and 10-12
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter. U-shaped dactylopore spines arranged on both sides of gastropore row, but often more common on one side than the other, e.g., 18-20 dactylopore spines on one side opposite 28-40 spines on other side. Dactylopore spines up to 0.4 mm tall and 0.25-0.30 mm in width, with a dactylotome width of 0.07-0.08 mm, always directed toward or slightly obliquely to the adjacent gastropore. Dactylostyles absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Female ampullae (Fig. 2J) prominent, superficial, hemispherical mounds clustered on branch faces, 1.0-1.5 mm in diameter. Ampullae usually covered by low ridges, either radiating from the central apex or arranged in parallel, longitudinal rows aligned with branch axis. Lateral efferent pores 0.25-0.30 mm in diameter. Male ampullae (Fig. 2K) also superficial mounds, but mostly embedded in coenosteum (internal), also occurring in clusters on branch faces. Male ampullae irregular in shape, often with an apical tip, and smaller than female ampullae (0.35-0.45 mm in diameter).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Among the 26 Recent species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Distichopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Distichopora" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Distichopora</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Atoll Research Bulletin" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="13 - 46" title="Appendix: list of extant stony corals." volume="459" year="1999">Cairns et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, SD" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Science" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" pagination="439 - 451" title="Revision of the Hawaiian Stylasteridae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Athecata)." url="doi: 10.1353/psc.2005.0034" volume="59" year="2005">Cairns 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Appeltans, W" pageId="60" pageNumber="61" title="World Register of Marine Species." url="www.marinespecies.org" year="2001">Appeltans et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: WoRMS database - www.marinespecies.org), the most similar is
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Distichopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Distichopora borealis subsp. japonica" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="borealis" subSpecies="japonica">Distichopora borealis japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
Broch, 1942, described from Sagami Bay, Japan (110 m). Although similar in gross morphology, subspecies japonica differs in coenosteal texture (porcellaneous), and in ampulla shape, each female ampulla having more than one efferent pore and the male ampullae clustered densely in a continuous mat. Also, the dactylotomes of the dactylopore spines are oriented upward to outward (away from the gastropores), not inward toward the gastropores. These differences would argue for an elevation to the specie
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">s</pageBreakToken>
|
||
level of this putative subspecies. The observations are based on examination of a fragment of a syntype of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Distichopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Distichopora borealis subsp. japonica" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subSpecies" species="borealis" subSpecies="japonica">Distichopora borealis japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM 76868) and additional Japanese material deposited at the NMNH (USNM 44198, 44199, 44202, and 44217). Of the 111 specimens examined, 45 are female, 53 male, and 13 indeterminate in gender.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Common in the Aleutian Islands from the Near Islands to Amukta Pass, including Bowers Bank; off Cape Ommaney, Alexander Archipelago, and Dixon Entrance, Queen Charlotte Islands; 53-1267 m, the shallowest record being from Cape Ommaney.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Figure 1. Color figures of skeleton of various Alaskan stylasterids:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Distichopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Distichopora borealis" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="borealis">Distichopora borealis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–I">D-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Cyclohelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclohelia lamellata" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lamellata">Cyclohelia lamellata</taxonomicName>
|
||
A arborescent colony, USNM 1122878 B holotype, USNM 43274 C largest known colony, USNM 1122542 D holotype, USNM 85077 E digitate form, USNM 1122492 F intermediate form between lamellar and digitate, USNM 96236 G juvenile corallum
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="H–I">H-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
side and apical views of fully developed lamellar colony.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Figure 2. Paratypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Hydrozoa" family="Stylasteridae" genus="Distichopora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Distichopora borealis" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="borealis">Distichopora borealis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, USNM 76810: A stereo view of carinate branch face
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
pore row, B being a stereo view D branch face with longitudinal ridges
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
coenosteal texture G gastropore H dactylopore spine I stereo view of two gastrostyles J stereo view of pore row and female ampullae K stereo view of branch face and male ampullae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |