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<mods:title id="AF074689CDE646B61DAEDE20D61FB2C0">Transisthmian differentiation in the tree-climbing mangrove crab Aratus H. Milne Edwards, 1853 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Sesarmidae), with description of a new species from the tropical eastern Pacific</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B921EA9A365B046FFF4EFB17680DFB20" bold="true" box="[151,321,1208,1234]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">Aratus pisonii</emphasis>
(H. 
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(
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A, B, E, F, I, J, M, N; 4A, B, E, F, I, J; 6A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, 
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, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X; 7A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, 
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<emphasis id="B921EA9A365B046FFF4EFAE66851FAAC" box="[151,285,1353,1374]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">Aratu pinima</emphasis>
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: 185
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<emphasis id="B921EA9A365B046FFF4EFAC86875FA8F" box="[151,313,1383,1405]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">Sesarma pisonii</emphasis>
H. 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B79365B046FFE87FAC96B70FA8E" author="Milne" box="[350,572,1382,1404]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" refString="Milne Edwards, H. (1837) Histoire Naturelle des Crustaces Comprenant l'Anatomie, la Physiologie et la Classification de ces Animaux. Vol. 2. Libraries Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, 531 pp." type="book" year="1837">Milne Edwards, 1837</bibRefCitation>
: 76
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, pl. 19, figs. 4, 5
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<emphasis id="B921EA9A365B046FFF4EFA296853FA69" box="[151,287,1414,1435]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">Aratus pisoni</emphasis>
H. 
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: 187
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<taxonomicName id="4C554D0B365B046FFF4EFA0B6B48FA48" ID-CoL="G66B" authority="Rathbun 1918: 322" authorityName="Rathbun" authorityPageNumber="322" authorityYear="1918" box="[151,516,1444,1466]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Aratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisonii">
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365B046FFF4EFA0B6867FA48" box="[151,299,1444,1466]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">Aratus pisonii</emphasis>
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, pl. 96, figs. 1, 2.— 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B79365B046FFD3DFA0B6A26FA48" author="Boone" box="[740,874,1444,1466]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" refString="Boone, L. (1930) Crustacea: Stomatopoda and Brachyura. In: Scientific results of the cruises of the yachts &quot; Eagle &quot; and &quot; Ara &quot;, 1921 - 1928, William K. Vanderbilt commanding. Bulletin of the Vanderbilt Oceanographic Marine Museum, 2, 5 - 228. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4467" type="journal article" year="1930">Boone 1930</bibRefCitation>
: 207
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, pl. 70.— 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B79365B046FFBD2FA0B6DD6FA48" author="Warner" box="[1035,1178,1444,1466]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" refString="Warner, G. F. (1967) The life history of the mangrove crab, Aratus pisonii. Journal of the Zoological Society, London, 153, 321 - 335." type="journal article" year="1967">Warner 1967</bibRefCitation>
: 321
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.; 1968: 249, figs. 1–6.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF41099365B046FFED1FA6D68B6FA2A" author="Beever" box="[264,506,1474,1496]" page="317" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B79365B046FFED1FA6D6886FA2A" author="Beever" box="[264,458,1474,1496]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" refString="Beever, J. W., Simberloff, D. &amp; King, L. L. (1979) Herbivory and predation by the mangrove tree crab Aratus pisonii. Oecologia, 43, 317 - 329. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00344958" type="journal article" year="1979">
Beever 
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365B046FFE82FA6C68C4FA2A" box="[347,392,1474,1496]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">et al</emphasis>
. 1979
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: 317
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.— 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B79365B046FFDC1FA6D6BA5FA2A" author="Diaz" box="[536,745,1474,1496]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" refString="Diaz, H. &amp; Conde, J. E. (1989) Population dynamics and life history of the mangrove crab Aratus pisonii (Brachyura, Grapsoidea) in a marine environment. Bulletin of Marine Science, 45, 148 - 163." type="journal article" year="1989">Díaz &amp; Conde 1989</bibRefCitation>
: 148
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.— 
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Schubart 
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365B046FFC43FA6C6A8BFA2A" box="[922,967,1474,1496]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">et al</emphasis>
. 2000
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: 179
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.— 
<treatmentCitation id="0AF41099365B046FFB8FFA6D6DB2FA2A" author="Leme" box="[1110,1278,1474,1496]" page="553" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" year="2002">
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: 553
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.— 
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Fratini 
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365B046FFAB0FA6C6CDAFA2A" box="[1385,1430,1474,1496]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
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: 219
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.—Schubart 
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365B046FFE75FA4D6895FA05" box="[428,473,1505,1527]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">et al</emphasis>
. 2006: 193.
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material.
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Two dry specimens (male, 19.6 × 
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, female, 19.9 × 
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) from the 
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series in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (
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B3341, photographs) were recognised as 
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by N.K. Ng, T. Naruse, P.A. Rodriguez Moreno and D. Guinot (pers. comm., work in progress), of which one will be designated as the 
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. 
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locality: 
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<emphasis id="B921EA9A365B046FFF1EF91B68F5F93F" bold="true" box="[199,441,1716,1741]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">Material examined.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365B046FFE10F91A6B7CF93E" box="[457,560,1717,1740]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">
<collectingCountry id="F3427618365B046FFE10F91A6B67F93E" box="[457,555,1717,1740]" name="Jamaica" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
St. Ann Parish, Priory, 
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<geoCoordinate id="EE61504F365B046FFC06F91B6D15F93F" box="[991,1113,1716,1741]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" precision="92" value="-77.225">77°13.5'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D53FD01365B046FFBB4F91B6DECF93E" box="[1133,1184,1716,1740]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(22.46 × 
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) (
<collectionCode id="ED44AE4D365B046FFF46F97769B6F903" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" box="[159,250,1752,1777]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">RMNH</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED44AE4D365B046FFF24F9776806F903" box="[253,330,1752,1777]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">CRUS</collectionCode>
.D.55078), coll. C.D. Schubart 
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365B046FFD16F9766A5FF902" box="[719,787,1752,1776]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">et al.</emphasis>
, 
<date id="FFEB1048365B046FFCF5F9776AF6F902" box="[812,954,1752,1776]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" value="2011-03-08">8 Mar.2011</date>
; St. Ann Parish, Priory, New Seville, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE61504F365B046FFF4EF9536861F8E7" box="[151,301,1788,1813]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" precision="1" value="18.445934">18°26.756'N-</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE61504F365B046FFEF4F953688EF8E7" box="[301,450,1788,1813]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" precision="1" value="-77.21073">77°12.644'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D53FD01365B046FFE16F95368B7F8E6" box="[463,507,1788,1812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(26.5 × 
<quantity id="4CAD9B6D365B046FFDB9F9536BF2F8E6" box="[608,702,1788,1812]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.48" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" unit="mm" value="24.8">24.8mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED44AE4D365B046FFD0EF9536A78F8E6" box="[727,820,1788,1812]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">NHMW</collectionCode>
25475), coll. C.D. Schubart &amp; P. Koller, 
<date id="FFEB1048365B046FFACAF9536CD5F8E6" box="[1299,1433,1788,1812]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" value="2011-03-01">1 Mar.2011</date>
. 
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365B046FFF4EF88E68C0F8CA" box="[151,396,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">
<collectingCountry id="F3427618365B046FFF4EF88E68C4F8CA" box="[151,392,1824,1848]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">Dominican Republic</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
Bahía de Las Calderas, Las Salinas, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE61504F365B046FFC8EF88F6A90F8CB" box="[855,988,1824,1849]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" precision="9" value="18.2125">18°12.75'N-</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE61504F365B046FFC05F88F6D2AF8CB" box="[988,1126,1824,1849]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" precision="9" value="-70.541">70°32.46'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D53FD01365B046FFBAEF88F6DE4F8CA" box="[1143,1192,1824,1848]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(18.45 × 
<quantity id="4CAD9B6D365B046FFAF1F88F6CD8F8CB" box="[1320,1428,1824,1849]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.765" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" unit="mm" value="17.65">17.65mm</quantity>
) (MNHN-IU-2009-3094), coll. C.D. Schubart, R. Landstorfer, N. Rivera, 
<date id="FFEB1048365B046FFBCCF8EB6DE8F8AF" box="[1045,1188,1860,1885]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" value="2006-11-01">1 Nov.2006</date>
; Bahía de Luperón, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE61504F365B046FFF4EF8C76851F873" box="[151,285,1896,1921]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" precision="9" value="19.896">19°53.76'N-</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE61504F365B046FFEC4F8C768E9F873" box="[285,421,1896,1921]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" precision="9" value="-70.959335">70°57.56'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D53FD01365B046FFE69F8C76895F872" box="[432,473,1896,1920]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" type="generic">2 ♂</specimenCount>
(18.65 × 17.3, 20.2 × 
<quantity id="4CAD9B6D365B046FFD09F8C76A70F873" box="[720,828,1896,1921]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.935" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" unit="mm" value="19.35">19.35mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED44AE4D365B046FFC8BF8C76AC0F872" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[850,908,1896,1920]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">SMF</collectionCode>
43534), coll. C.D. Schubart, R. Landstorfer, N. Rivera, 
<date id="FFEB1048365B046FFF2BF82368CEF857" box="[242,386,1932,1957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" value="2006-10-25">25 Oct.2006</date>
. 
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365B046FFE56F8236B41F856" box="[399,525,1932,1956]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">
<collectingCountry id="F3427618365B046FFE56F8236B41F856" box="[399,525,1932,1956]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. Limón, Puerto Viejo de Talamanca, Punta Uva, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE61504F365B046FFB9FF8236D81F856" box="[1094,1229,1932,1956]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" precision="1" value="9.632167">9°37.930'N-</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE61504F365B046FFB14F8236C2EF856" box="[1229,1378,1932,1956]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" precision="1" value="-82.67">82°40.200'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D53FD01365B046FFAA9F8236CD0F856" box="[1392,1436,1932,1956]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(20.35 × 
<quantity id="4CAD9B6D365B046FFEDDF81F683DF83A" box="[260,369,1968,1992]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.01" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" unit="mm" value="20.1">20.10mm</quantity>
) (MNHN-IU-2009-5103), Coll. C.D. Schubart &amp; I. Wehrtmann, 
<date id="FFEB1048365B046FFBA9F81F6DB3F83B" box="[1136,1279,1968,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" value="2006-01-28">28 Jan.2006</date>
. 
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365B046FFAD4F81F6C1DF83A" box="[1293,1361,1968,1992]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">
<collectingCountry id="F3427618365B046FFAD4F81F6C1DF83A" box="[1293,1361,1968,1992]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">Brazil</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. Pará, Marapanim, Marudá,
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2A6600365C0468FF4EF80E6837F806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229918/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" targetBox="[428,1158,193,1931]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BEA3688365C0468FF4EF80E6837F806" blockId="4.[151,1436,1953,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365C0468FF4EF80E6858F844" bold="true" box="[151,276,1953,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
First male left gonopods of 
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0B365C0468FDE3F80D6B86F845" box="[570,714,1954,1975]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Aratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisonii">
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365C0468FDE3F80D6B86F845" box="[570,714,1954,1975]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">Aratus pisonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0B365C0468FD24F80D6AE8F845" box="[765,932,1953,1975]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Aratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365C0468FD24F80D6AE8F845" box="[765,932,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">Aratus pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365C0468FC72F80D6AA9F845" bold="true" box="[939,997,1954,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257E1365C0468FC72F80D6AA9F845" box="[939,997,1954,1975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in longitudinal mesial (A–D), dorsal (E–H), lateral (I–L) and ventral (M–P) views. CW × CL in mm. Abbreviations: s, suture; t, chitinous tip.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2A6600365D0469FF4EFA5D6C35F9D5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229919/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" targetBox="[286,1299,193,1500]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BEA3688365D0469FF4EFA5D6C35F9D5" blockId="5.[151,1436,1522,1575]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365D0469FF4EFA5D6858F9F5" bold="true" box="[151,276,1522,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
First male left gonopods of 
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0B365D0469FDE3FA5C6B86F9FA" box="[570,714,1523,1544]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Aratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisonii">
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365D0469FDE3FA5C6B86F9FA" box="[570,714,1523,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">Aratus pisonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0B365D0469FD24FA5C6AE8F9FA" box="[765,932,1522,1544]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Aratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365D0469FD24FA5C6AE8F9FA" box="[765,932,1522,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">Aratus pacificus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365D0469FC72FA5D6AA9F9F5" bold="true" box="[939,997,1522,1543]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257E1365D0469FC72FA5D6AA9F9F5" box="[939,997,1522,1543]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in apical view (A–D), detail of the endpiece in lateral view (E–H) and total view (I–L). Abbreviation: d, depression.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BEA3688365D0469FF4EF9FC6D1BF946" blockId="5.[151,1437,1619,2004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">
<geoCoordinate id="EE61504F365D0469FF4EF9FC6855F99E" box="[151,281,1619,1644]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" precision="1" value="-0.61705">0°37.023'S-</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE61504F365D0469FEC0F9FC68E2F99E" box="[281,430,1619,1644]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" precision="1" value="-47.632435">47°37.946'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D53FD01365D0469FE64F9FB68A7F999" box="[445,491,1620,1644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(16.65 × 
<quantity id="4CAD9B6D365D0469FDBBF9FC6B82F99E" box="[610,718,1619,1644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.625" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" unit="mm" value="16.25">16.25mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED44AE4D365D0469FD31F9FB6A6EF99E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[744,802,1620,1644]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">SMF</collectionCode>
43533), coll. C.D. Schubart &amp; N. Thiercelin, 
<date id="FFEB1048365D0469FA99F9FC699FF962" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" value="2010-11-15">15 Nov. 2010</date>
; Bahia, Itacaré, Rio de Contas, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE61504F365D0469FDB2F9D86BB6F97D" box="[619,762,1655,1679]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" precision="1" value="-14.2749">14°16.494'S-</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE61504F365D0469FD23F9D86ADDF97D" box="[762,913,1655,1679]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" precision="1" value="-38.997818">38°59.869'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<specimenCount id="9D53FD01365D0469FC7CF9D76A94F97D" box="[933,984,1656,1680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" type="generic">2 ♂</specimenCount>
(17.85 × 17.8, 17.05 × 
<quantity id="4CAD9B6D365D0469FAC1F9D86CD8F962" box="[1304,1428,1655,1680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.655" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" unit="mm" value="16.55">16.55 mm</quantity>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED44AE4D365D0469FF47F93469B2F946" box="[158,254,1691,1716]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">MZUSP</collectionCode>
28251 &amp; 
<collectionCode id="ED44AE4D365D0469FEBEF9346884F946" box="[359,456,1691,1716]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">MZUSP</collectionCode>
28255), coll. C.D. Schubart &amp; N. Thiercelin, 
<date id="FFEB1048365D0469FC19F9336D1FF946" box="[960,1107,1692,1716]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" value="2010-11-11">11 Nov.2010</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6503365D046AFF1EF9106B8BFEB2" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="551" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BEA3688365D046AFF1EF9106B8BFEB2" blockId="5.[151,1437,1619,2004]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,717]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="551" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365D0469FF1EF9106815F92A" bold="true" box="[199,345,1727,1752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">Description.</emphasis>
First male gonopod (
<figureCitation id="136E2A0D365D0469FD9EF9106BDFF92A" box="[583,659,1727,1752]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[428,1158,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[428,1158,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. First male left gonopods of Aratus pisonii and Aratus pacificus n. sp. observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in longitudinal mesial (A – D), dorsal (E – H), lateral (I – L) and ventral (M – P) views. CW × CL in mm. Abbreviations: s, suture; t, chitinous tip." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229918/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
A, B, E, F, I, J, M, N; 4A, B, E, F, I, J; 6A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, 
<collectingCountry id="F3427618365D0469FF26F94B6859F90E" box="[255,277,1764,1788]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">O</collectingCountry>
, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X; 7A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, 
<collectingCountry id="F3427618365D0469FBD5F94B6D6EF90E" box="[1036,1058,1764,1788]" name="Iceland" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">O</collectingCountry>
, P, Q, R; 8A, B, G, H, M, N, S, T; 9A, B, G, H, M, N) elongated. Stem triangular in cross section; basal diameter wider than medial diameter. Mesial, ventral faces flat; slanted suture (sperm channel) clearly marked on dorsal face with terminal section in strongly marked depression; endpiece larger than medial part, easily noticeable in mesial, lateral views, endpiece bulging in lateral view; dorsal part almost spoon-shaped in mesial view. Mesial endpiece of ventral part slightly higher than dorsal part (angle approx. 25° in mesial view); short, chitinous, tip strongly curved (U-shaped) in ventral position, with pore on dorsal margin; suture aligned with chitinous edge of tip on apex of gonopod, with mesial face of chitinous tip/dorsal suture angle of approx. 115°; mesial face of chitinous tip/mesial face of approx. 110°; small denticles on lateral face of chitinous process. Small depression in medial position near tip. Large number of long setae on apex around chitinous tip, as well as on lateral, dorsal sides of endpiece lateral bulge. One line of setae on endpiece at edge between mesial, dorsal faces. Few single short setae on gonopod. Presence of few plumodenticulate setae on dorsal part of endpiece bulge.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6503365E046AFF1EFEE36993FDCF" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BEA3688365E046AFF1EFEE36B40FE22" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365E046AFF1EFEE3686BFE97" bold="true" box="[199,295,332,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Biology.</emphasis>
There is an extensive body of scientific literature on 
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0B365E046AFC4FFEE36D7AFE96" box="[918,1078,332,356]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Aratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="pisonii">
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365E046AFC4FFEE36D7AFE96" box="[918,1078,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Aratus pisonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257E1365E046AFB99FEE26D9DFE97" box="[1088,1233,332,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
, as almost all the studies concerning this genus were conducted in the Atlantic Ocean. A detailed summary of this literature was given by Cuesta 
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365E046AFE8FFE3A68DCFE5E" box="[342,400,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">et al.</emphasis>
(2006), including life history aspects (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B79365E046AFC90FE3B6AADFE5F" author="Warner" box="[841,993,404,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" refString="Warner, G. F. (1967) The life history of the mangrove crab, Aratus pisonii. Journal of the Zoological Society, London, 153, 321 - 335." type="journal article" year="1967">Warner 1967</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B79365E046AFC34FE3B6D99FE5E" author="Diaz" box="[1005,1237,404,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" refString="Diaz, H. &amp; Conde, J. E. (1989) Population dynamics and life history of the mangrove crab Aratus pisonii (Brachyura, Grapsoidea) in a marine environment. Bulletin of Marine Science, 45, 148 - 163." type="journal article" year="1989">Díaz &amp; Conde 1989</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B79365E046AFB3BFE3A6C28FE5E" author="Leme" box="[1250,1380,404,428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" refString="Leme, M. H. A. (2002) A comparative analysis of the population biology of the mangrove crab Aratus pisonii and Sesarma rectum (Brachyura, Grapsidae) from the north coast of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 22, 553 - 557. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1651 / 0278 - 0372 (2002) 022 [0553: acaotp] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Leme 2002</bibRefCitation>
) and larval description (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B79365E046AFEB1FE1768B3FE22" author="Warner" box="[360,511,439,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" refString="Warner, G. F. (1968) The larval development of the mangrove tree crab, Aratus pisonii (H. Milne Edwards), reared in the laboratory (Brachyura, Grapsidae). Crustaceana Supplement, 2, 249 - 258." type="journal article" year="1968">Warner 1968</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BEA3688365E046AFF1EFE736993FDCF" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365E046AFF1EFE736B49FE07" bold="true" box="[199,517,476,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0B365E046AFDD4FE736BE0FE06" box="[525,684,476,500]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Aratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="pisonii">
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365E046AFDD4FE736BE0FE06" box="[525,684,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Aratus pisonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21257E1365E046AFD6DFE726A0DFE07" box="[692,833,476,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
is now restricted to the Atlantic Ocean, from Florida to south 
<collectingCountry id="F3427618365E046AFF25FE50680CFDEA" box="[252,320,511,536]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(Santa Catarina) including the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of 
<collectingCountry id="F3427618365E046AFBCDFE506D25FDEA" box="[1044,1129,511,536]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B79365E046AFBA2FDAF6C1FFDEA" author="Beever" box="[1147,1363,512,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" refString="Beever, J. W., Simberloff, D. &amp; King, L. L. (1979) Herbivory and predation by the mangrove tree crab Aratus pisonii. Oecologia, 43, 317 - 329. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 00344958" type="journal article" year="1979">
Beever 
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365E046AFB0CFDAE6C43FDEA" box="[1237,1295,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">et al.</emphasis>
1979
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B79365E046AFAB8FE50699FFDCF" author="Melo" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" refString="Melo, G. A. S. (1996) Manual de Identificacao dos Brachyura (Caranguejos e Siris) dos Litoral Brasileiro. Pleiade / FAPESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 604 pp." type="book" year="1996">Melo 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34F6503365E046AFF1EFDE86DBDFD3E" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BEA3688365E046AFF1EFDE86DBDFD3E" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365E046AFF1EFDE86877FD92" bold="true" box="[199,315,583,608]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Remarks.</emphasis>
The species was named in honour of Willem Piso, who made the first description and drawing of this species in 1648 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC44B79365E046AFE51FDC36BD3FD77" author="Piso" box="[392,671,620,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" refString="Piso, W. &amp; Marcgrave, G. (1648) Historia Naturalis Brasiliae. Apud Franciscum Hackium Lugdun, Batavorum; Apud Lud, Elzevirium, et Amstelodami, 293 pp." type="book" year="1648">Piso &amp; Marcgrave 1648</bibRefCitation>
). Piso, however, seems to have confused 
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0B365E046AFBA3FDC36DABFD76" box="[1146,1255,620,644]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Aratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pisonii">
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365E046AFBA3FDC36DABFD76" box="[1146,1255,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">A. pisonii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0B365E046AFAF3FDC36888FD5A" authority="Latreille, 1803" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1803" class="Malacostraca" family="Grapsidae" genus="Goniopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruentata">
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365E046AFAF3FDC3684FFD5A" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Goniopsis cruentata</emphasis>
(Latreille, 1803)
</taxonomicName>
, a grapsid crab living in the same habitat and also able to climb on mangrove roots and stems, as the colour pattern described in the text does not correspond to the one observed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C554D0B365E046AFB46FD1B6DA6FD39" box="[1183,1258,692,715]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sesarmidae" genus="Aratus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B921EA9A365E046AFB46FD1B6DA6FD39" box="[1183,1258,692,715]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Aratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>