379 lines
44 KiB
XML
379 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document id="D8F29A2FE1EAB7E62FA62967AA2B0990" ID-CLB-Dataset="3681" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0082(2005)483[0001:AAAACF]2.0.CO;2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d0912529-3de7-4704-92b2-7714623d8222" ID-ISSN="0003-0082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4735171" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620068430804" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="WANG, XIAOMING, McKENNA, MALCOLM C. & DASHZEVEG, DEMBERELYIN" docDate="2005" docId="03F85E56FFEAE85FFF03FC6540146E74" docLanguage="en" docName="AmMusNovit.2005.3483.1-57.pdf" docOrigin="American Museum Novitates 3483" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1206/0003-0082%282005%29483%5B0001%3AAAAACF%5D2.0.CO%3B2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001.3:AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="70DDF1BDF6846024993F05262BAE3001" docStyleName="AmMusNovit.2000-2010.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Amphicticeps makhchinus Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg 2005, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="FFC1262EFFF2E845FFB8FF99442D6B47" masterDocTitle="Amphicticeps and Amphicynodon (Arctoidea, Carnivora) from Hsanda Gol Formation, Central Mongolia and Phylogeny of Basal Arctoids with Comments on Zoogeography" masterLastPageNumber="58" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1698938162769" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="A9E8C968E5356AAFC6E562600B9A548C">Amphicticeps and Amphicynodon (Arctoidea, Carnivora) from Hsanda Gol Formation, Central Mongolia and Phylogeny of Basal Arctoids with Comments on Zoogeography</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A8210E8D039935E99E38CBD4A9E0BC79">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FA9A2249F309FE8E0D16CECEE1895D13">WANG, XIAOMING</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="25E5518CC150E08349CC19A0C8D3FB63">McKENNA, MALCOLM C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C6D85BFF09E88BF2FA3791033ED8AEBE">DASHZEVEG, DEMBERELYIN</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="164379502E534C561A989084696285D6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="CB5548DF48F9D24A50470742C4B9BA9D">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6A7D65392F60C941630FBE4C2E214535">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4AE725D6B544D7426B2163A382CFC104">2005-07-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="11DADA933896D197AA753C1CB6564B1C">3483</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="36F651DB58B1902718C9B30FBE7F460F" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0082(2005)483[0001:AAAACF]2.0.CO;2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F85E56FFEAE85FFF03FC6540146E74" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5647925" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190002710" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5647925" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F85E56FFEAE85FFF03FC6540146E74" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F85E56FFEAE85FFF03FC6540146E74" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<subSubSection id="C34BBCCBFFEAE85DFF03FC6546466F76" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFEAE85DFF03FC6546466F76" blockId="24.[148,619,1020,1102]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFEAE85DFF03FC6545E36F76" authority="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityName="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityYear="2005" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makhchinus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFEAE85DFF03FC6545D76F53" bold="true" box="[187,506,1020,1044]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Amphicticeps makhchinus</emphasis>
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Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2168E29FFEAE85DFE64FB8346466F76" box="[476,619,1050,1073]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34BBCCBFFEAE85DFEA5FBAE45C16F09" box="[285,492,1079,1102]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFEAE85DFEA5FBAE45C16F09" blockId="24.[148,619,1020,1102]" box="[285,492,1079,1102]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<figureCitation id="136AF3C5FFEAE85DFEA5FBAE45A96F09" box="[285,388,1079,1102]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[149,187,1189,1210]" captionTargetBox="[157,1194,187,1168]" captionTargetId="figure-13@25.[157,1194,187,1168]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 9. Amphicticeps makhchinus, n.sp, MAE 93–213, holotype, photographs of a polyester cast (AMNH 129862). A, occlusal view of upper teeth, stereophotos; B, lateral view of upper teeth and maxillary; and C, lingual view of upper teeth and maxillary. Scale 5 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4735189" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4735189/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figure 9</figureCitation>
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; Table 3
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34BBCCBFFEAE85DFF21FBFD47CC684C" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFEAE85DFF21FBFD46506F94" blockId="24.[124,653,1124,1499]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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<materialsCitation id="3B39E51DFFEAE85DFF21FBFD46506F94" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3398403317" collectingDate="1993-08-16" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="James M. Clark" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="MAE 93-213" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54EA51E2FFEAE85DFF21FBFD45226F3D" box="[153,271,1124,1147]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DBF7473BFFEAE85DFE93FBFD45FA6F3C" box="[299,471,1124,1147]" collectionCode="MAE" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">MAE 93–213</specimenCode>
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(
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<collectionCode id="ED407785FFEAE85DFE49FBFD46616F3C" box="[497,588,1124,1147]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">AMNH</collectionCode>
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cast 129862), right maxillary fragment with P4– M1, partial P3, and alveolus of M2. Collected by
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<collectorName id="26A48A96FFEAE85DFF71FB2545AB6F94" box="[201,390,1212,1235]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">James M. Clark</collectorName>
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on
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<date id="FFEFC980FFEAE85DFE0EFB2546546F94" box="[438,633,1212,1235]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1993-08-16">
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<collectingDate id="EFAB3068FFEAE85DFE0EFB2546546F94" box="[438,633,1212,1235]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="1993-08-16">16 August 1993</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFEAE85DFF21FB4045006EC4" blockId="24.[124,653,1124,1499]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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TYPE LOCALITY:
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<collectionCode id="ED407785FFEAE85DFEDAFB40458E6FB7" box="[354,419,1241,1264]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">MAE</collectionCode>
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93–213 was found in the Tatal Gol (Ulaan Khongil or ‘‘Grand Canyon’’) locality, 458179500N, 1018379160E, Tsagan Nor Basin, eastern Valley of Lakes, OborKhangay Province, Mongolian People’s Republic.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFEAE85DFF21FA1047CC684C" blockId="24.[124,653,1124,1499]" lastBlockId="24.[700,1229,726,1499]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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GEOLOGY AND AGE:
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<collectionCode id="ED407785FFEAE85DFE3CFA1045E86EE7" box="[388,453,1417,1440]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">MAE</collectionCode>
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93–213 was collected from the main exposure of the Tatal Gol locality, below the level of the lava, in the Tatal Member of the Hsanda Gol Formation, early Oligocene.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34BBCCBFFEAE85DFD61FC8B40BC686E" box="[729,1169,786,809]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFEAE85DFD61FC8B40BC686E" blockId="24.[700,1229,726,1499]" box="[729,1169,786,809]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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REFERRED SPECIMENS:
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<typeStatus id="54EA51E2FFEAE85DFC58FC8B4061686E" box="[992,1100,786,809]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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only.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34BBCCBFFEAE85DFD61FCA947926F13" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFEAE85DFD61FCA947926F13" blockId="24.[700,1229,726,1499]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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DIAGNOSIS: As the largest and possibly the most derived species of the genus,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFEAE85DFBD2FCD747BB68C4" authorityName="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityYear="2005" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makhchinus">
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFEAE85DFBD2FCD747BB68C4" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Amphicticeps makhchinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from the other two species of the genus,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFEAE85DFBFFFC1346D868F8" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shackelfordi">
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFEAE85DFBFFFC1346D868F8" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. shackelfordi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFEAE85DFC96FC3147B968F8" authorityName="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityYear="2005" box="[814,916,936,959]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorog">
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFEAE85DFC96FC3147B968F8" box="[814,916,936,959]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A. dorog</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, in its larger size, a broadened P3 with an extra lingual root, a low and lingually expanded P4 protocone crest, a slightly more reduced M1 parastyle, an enlarged M1 metaconule, and a more expanded M1 lingual cingulum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34BBCCBFFEAE85DFD61FBC247966FC8" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFEAE85DFD61FBC247966FC8" blockId="24.[700,1229,726,1499]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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ETYMOLOGY: Mongolian:
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<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFEAE85DFB88FBC240E86F35" authorityName="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityYear="2005" box="[1072,1221,1115,1138]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makhchinus">
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFEAE85DFB88FBC240E86F35" box="[1072,1221,1115,1138]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">makhchinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, meat eater, carnivore.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34BBCCBFFEAE85FFD61FB0F40146E74" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFEAE85CFD61FB0F44EB6ECC" blockId="24.[700,1229,726,1499]" lastBlockId="25.[123,651,1337,1741]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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DESCRIPTION:
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<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFEAE85DFCC5FB0E40826FE9" authorityName="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityYear="2005" box="[893,1199,1175,1198]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makhchinus">
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFEAE85DFCC5FB0E40826FE9" box="[893,1199,1175,1198]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Amphicticeps makhchinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the least known of the three Hsanda Gol species of the genus. We are limited to two and a half teeth on the fragmentary right maxillary of the
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<typeStatus id="54EA51E2FFEAE85DFCF5FA96479A6E61" box="[845,951,1295,1318]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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. The maxillary clearly shows a shortened infraorbital canal, implying a shortened rostrum. Attached to this maxillary fragment is the anteriormost part of the jugal. The welldelineated jugalmaxillary suture indicates that the anterior jugal process stops at the antorbital rim and is probably not in contact with the lacrimal or frontal as in other species referred to this genus.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF2EBFC8FFEAE85DFF2EF9D444EC6D8A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5647915" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5647915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5647915/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" startId="24.[150,188,1613,1634]" targetBox="[126,1225,188,1715]" targetPageId="23">
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<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFEAE85DFF2EF9D444EC6D8A" blockId="24.[124,1229,1613,1741]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
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Fig. 8.
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<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFEAE85DFF4DF9D745E56D24" authority="WANG & McKENNA & DASHZEVEG, 2005" authorityName="WANG & McKENNA & DASHZEVEG" authorityYear="2005" box="[245,456,1614,1635]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorog" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFEAE85DFF4DF9D745E56D24" box="[245,456,1614,1635]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Amphicticeps dorog</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2168E29FFEAE85DFE6FF9D446256D25" box="[471,520,1613,1634]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFEAE85DFDA8F9D446046D25" bold="true" box="[528,553,1613,1634]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A,</emphasis>
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lateral view of upper teeth, MAE SG.9194, holotype;
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFEAE85DFBD4F9D440A96D25" bold="true" box="[1132,1156,1613,1634]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">B,</emphasis>
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lateral view of anterior ramal fragment, MAE SG.91.9192;
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFEAE85DFD04F9F146FB6D3A" bold="true" box="[700,726,1640,1661]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C,</emphasis>
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occlusal view of upper teeth, MAE SG.9194, holotype, stereophotos;
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFEAE85DFE38F91B45B46DD0" bold="true" box="[384,409,1666,1687]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">D,</emphasis>
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occlusal (stereophoto),
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFEAE85DFD1BF91B46976DD0" bold="true" box="[675,698,1666,1687]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">E,</emphasis>
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lingual,
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFEAE85DFC98F91B471A6DD0" bold="true" box="[800,823,1666,1687]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">F,</emphasis>
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labial views of lower jaw fragment, AMNH 21672. Scales 5 10 mm; top scale is for
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFEAE85DFD26F904469B6DF5" bold="true" box="[670,694,1693,1714]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">B,</emphasis>
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middle scale for
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFEAE85DFCC1F90447F86DF5" bold="true" box="[889,981,1693,1714]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">A, C–D,</emphasis>
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and lower scale for
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<emphasis id="B9253352FFEAE85DFB03F90440E16DF5" bold="true" box="[1211,1228,1693,1714]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
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and F.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF2EBFC8FFEBE85CFF2DFB3C47986FB7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4735189" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4735189" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4735189/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[149,187,1189,1210]" targetBox="[157,1194,187,1168]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFEBE85CFF2DFB3C47986FB7" blockId="25.[123,1227,1189,1264]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Fig. 9.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFEBE85CFF40FB3C46206FFD" authorityName="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityYear="2005" box="[248,525,1189,1210]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makhchinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFEBE85CFF40FB3C46206FFD" box="[248,525,1189,1210]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Amphicticeps makhchinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, n.sp, MAE 93–213, holotype, photographs of a polyester cast (AMNH 129862).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFEBE85CFEF0FB59454C6F92" bold="true" box="[328,353,1216,1237]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A,</emphasis>
|
||
occlusal view of upper teeth, stereophotos;
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFEBE85CFCE8FB5947456F92" bold="true" box="[848,872,1216,1237]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">B,</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of upper teeth and maxillary; and
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFEBE85CFEA7FB4345146FA8" bold="true" box="[287,313,1242,1263]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C,</emphasis>
|
||
lingual view of upper teeth and maxillary. Scale 5 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFEBE85CFF20FA08471D6D7C" blockId="25.[123,651,1337,1741]" lastBlockId="25.[699,1227,1337,1742]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Only the posterior half of the P3 is preserved, which has a welldeveloped cingulum. The P3 has a significantly broadened lingual side and appears to have an extra lingual (third) root, in contrast to the doublerooted condition in other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFEBE85CFD91F9BD44926D1F" authorityName="Matthew and Granger" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFEBE85CFD91F9BD44926D1F" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Amphicticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The P4 is typical of the genus, with a complete cingulum surrounding the entire tooth. The anterolabial corner of the cingulum is the strongest, but it does not elevate to form a parastyle. Like that of other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFEBE85CFD58FAA047506E17" authorityName="Matthew and Granger" authorityYear="1924" box="[736,893,1337,1360]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFEBE85CFD58FAA047506E17" box="[736,893,1337,1360]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Amphicticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the P4 protocone is composed of a raised lingual cingulum. However, the protocone is more expanded toward the lingual side than in the other species of the genus. As in the other two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFEBE85CFB22FA36471C6EA4" authorityName="Matthew and Granger" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFEBE85CFB22FA36471C6EA4" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Amphicticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, there is a low crest on the labial side of the protocone. The broadbased paracone has an anterior ridge leading up to the cingulum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFEBE85FFD60F9D845A468DF" blockId="25.[699,1227,1337,1742]" lastBlockId="26.[124,653,193,1741]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
|
||
Overall proportions of the M1 have an anteroposteriorly broadened appearance for a basal ursoid. The parastyle is large and rises above the paracone, but does not reach to the same degree of expansion as seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFEBE85FFB0AF92E45216B9F" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" order="Carnivora" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shackelfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFEBE85FFB0AF92E45216B9F" italics="true" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">A. shackelfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is more similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFDCBFF5844EC6BB1" authorityName="WANG & McKENNA & DASHZEVEG" authorityYear="2005" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorog">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFDCBFF5844EC6BB1" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. dorog</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Likewise, the cingulum adjacent to the metacone shows no sign of reduction as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFF18FE80457B6A77" box="[160,342,281,304]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shackelfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFF18FE80457B6A77" box="[160,342,281,304]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. shackelfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Consequently, the angle between the labial borders of the P4 and M1 remains a relatively large 1248, 158 greater than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFF65FEE845BE6ACF" box="[221,403,369,392]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shackelfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFF65FEE845BE6ACF" box="[221,403,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. shackelfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but almost identical to that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFF4AFE1645746AE1" authorityName="WANG & McKENNA & DASHZEVEG" authorityYear="2005" box="[242,345,399,422]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorog">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFF4AFE1645746AE1" box="[242,345,399,422]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. dorog</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A distinct pre and postprotocrista are present, the latter being slightly more posteriorly directed than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFD99FE5044E76AB9" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shackelfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFD99FE5044E76AB9" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. shackelfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFEBBFE7E45456AB9" authorityName="WANG & McKENNA & DASHZEVEG" authorityYear="2005" box="[259,360,487,510]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorog">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFEBBFE7E45456AB9" box="[259,360,487,510]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. dorog</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There is no protoconule (paraconule) and the metaconule is only indicated by a vague platform (probably suffered from some wear) slightly raised above the surrounding areas. The M1 internal cingulum is broad and thick, much more expanded than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFE84FD0E45DC69E9" box="[316,497,663,686]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shackelfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFE84FD0E45DC69E9" box="[316,497,663,686]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. shackelfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. An anterior spur of this cingulum is present near the base of the preprotocrista. M2 is missing. Its partial roots, however, indicate a transversely broadened M2 whose lingual border is more internal than that in the M1. Its labial border is flush with that of M1, similar to that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFDCBFCDE44EC683C" authorityName="WANG & McKENNA & DASHZEVEG" authorityYear="2005" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorog">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFDCBFCDE44EC683C" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. dorog</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but in contrast to a lingually shifted M
|
||
<quantity id="4CA942A5FFE8E85FFF2FFC1844EB68DF" box="[151,198,897,920]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFF77FC1845AF68DF" box="[207,386,897,920]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shackelfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFF77FC1845AF68DF" box="[207,386,897,920]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. shackelfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFE8E85FFF21FC0745126E74" blockId="26.[124,653,193,1741]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
COMPARISON:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFE85FC06464268F1" authorityName="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityYear="2005" box="[317,623,927,950]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makhchinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFE85FC06464268F1" box="[317,623,927,950]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Amphicticeps makhchinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the largest species of the genus so far known. It is 16% larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFECFFC4045F068B7" authorityName="WANG & McKENNA & DASHZEVEG" authorityYear="2005" box="[375,477,985,1008]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorog">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFECFFC4045F068B7" box="[375,477,985,1008]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. dorog</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 32% larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFF66FC6E45B96F49" box="[222,404,1015,1038]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shackelfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFF66FC6E45B96F49" box="[222,404,1015,1038]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. shackelfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(based on measurements of P4 labial length). It is 62% larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFF7AFBA845C56F0F" baseAuthorityName="Matthew and Granger" baseAuthorityYear="1924" box="[194,488,1073,1096]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Amphicynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="teilhardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFF7AFBA845C56F0F" box="[194,488,1073,1096]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Amphicynodon teilhardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Besides its large size,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFEBEFBD645956F21" authorityName="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityYear="2005" box="[262,440,1103,1126]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makhchinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFEBEFBD645956F21" box="[262,440,1103,1126]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. makhchinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also the most hypocarnivorous species in the genus. Dental features that indicate such hypocarnivory include an enlarged but lowcrowned P4 protocone, a reduction of M1 parastyle, expansion of M1 lingual cingulum, a reduced angle between lingual borders of P4 and M1, and an enlarged M2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFE8E85FFF21FAA040A8683C" blockId="26.[124,653,193,1741]" lastBlockId="26.[700,1229,193,1331]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Dental morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFE5DFAA0452A6E29" authorityName="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityYear="2005" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makhchinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFE5DFAA0452A6E29" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Amphicticeps makhchinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reminiscent of certain ursids, particularly a basal ursid such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFD98FAED44836EEF" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Cephalogale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFD98FAED44836EEF" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cephalogale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, so far known mostly in the Oligo Miocene of Eurasia and North America. In particular, the French early Oligocene Quercy fissure fills produced some of the most primitive forms (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFE2BF99E46566D59" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[403,635,1543,1566]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Cephalogale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFE2BF99E46566D59" box="[403,635,1543,1566]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cephalogale minor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Similarities between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFECFF9BD46086D7C" authorityName="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityYear="2005" box="[375,549,1572,1595]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makhchinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFECFF9BD46086D7C" box="[375,549,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. makhchinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFDDBF9BD44DD6D1F" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Cephalogale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFDDBF9BD44DD6D1F" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cephalogale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include an enlarged grinding part of the dentition (M1–2) at the expense of the shearing part (P4). More specifically,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFDCBF9E5452A6DF7" authorityName="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityYear="2005" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makhchinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFDCBF9E5452A6DF7" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. makhchinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a low, shelflike P4 protocone and a quadrate outline on M1, features often seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFCAFFF5847816B9F" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[791,940,193,216]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Cephalogale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFCAFFF5847816B9F" box="[791,940,193,216]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cephalogale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, structural details of these features tend to argue against a true homology in the hypocarnivorous dentitions shared between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFC58FE8040B96A77" authorityName="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityYear="2005" box="[992,1172,281,304]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makhchinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFC58FE8040B96A77" box="[992,1172,281,304]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. makhchinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFD04FEAE477C6A09" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[700,849,311,334]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Cephalogale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFD04FEAE477C6A09" box="[700,849,311,334]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cephalogale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For example, the P4 protocone in all ursids (including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFC47FECD40B36A2C" authorityName="Jourdan" authorityYear="1862" box="[1023,1182,340,363]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Cephalogale" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFC47FECD40B36A2C" box="[1023,1182,340,363]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cephalogale</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is formed by a swollen lingual cingulum, often in the form of a crest instead of a conical cusp, that has receded far back from the anterior border of the tooth, in contrast to an essentially conical protocone located on the anterolingual corner of P
|
||
<quantity id="4CA942A5FFE8E85FFC5BFD9D403C695C" box="[995,1041,516,539]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFBA1FD9D40EB695C" authorityName="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityYear="2005" box="[1049,1222,516,539]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makhchinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFBA1FD9D40EB695C" box="[1049,1222,516,539]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. makhchinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Another derived character for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFBEDFDB84082697F" box="[1109,1199,545,568]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ursidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a posteriorly oriented postprotocrista of M1. This is a highly consistent feature among all known ursids. Such a condition is lacking in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFD04FD0E474769E9" authorityName="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityYear="2005" box="[700,874,663,686]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makhchinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFD04FD0E474769E9" box="[700,874,663,686]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. makhchinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(although wear in this region in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EA51E2FFE8E85FFCBFFD2D4740698C" box="[775,877,692,715]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFC2DFD2D406C698C" authorityName="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityYear="2005" box="[917,1089,692,715]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makhchinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFC2DFD2D406C698C" box="[917,1089,692,715]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. makhchinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
renders our observation less certain). Finally, all ursoids, including the commonly acknowledged basal ursoids such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFCCCFC95400F6864" baseAuthorityName="Janovskaja" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[884,1058,780,803]" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Amphicynodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFCCCFC95400F6864" box="[884,1058,780,803]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Amphicynodon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have a highly reduced parastyle and lingual cingulum on M1, in sharp contrast to a still relatively prominent parastyle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFC69FCFD4052683C" authorityName="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityYear="2005" box="[977,1151,868,891]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makhchinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFC69FCFD4052683C" box="[977,1151,868,891]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. makhchinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BEEEF40FFE8E85FFD61FC1840146E74" blockId="26.[700,1229,193,1331]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
Conversely, everything about
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFBE2FC1847AF68F1" authorityName="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityYear="2005" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makhchinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFBE2FC1847AF68F1" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Amphicticeps makhchinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is consistent with other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFCAFFC2547996894" authorityName="Matthew and Granger" authorityYear="1924" box="[791,948,956,979]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFCAFFC2547996894" box="[791,948,956,979]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Amphicticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, despite its modest deviations toward the direction of hypocarnivory. Our inclination to assign it to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFBD2FC6E472D6F6C" authorityName="Matthew and Granger" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFBD2FC6E472D6F6C" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Amphicticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is further helped by the transitional nature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFC8DFBA847B26F0F" authorityName="WANG & McKENNA & DASHZEVEG" authorityYear="2005" box="[821,927,1073,1096]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorog">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFC8DFBA847B26F0F" box="[821,927,1073,1096]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. dorog</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFBA0FBA840E06F0F" box="[1048,1229,1073,1096]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shackelfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFBA0FBA840E06F0F" box="[1048,1229,1073,1096]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. shackelfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFD49FBD6478D6F21" authorityName="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityYear="2005" box="[753,928,1103,1126]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makhchinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFD49FBD6478D6F21" box="[753,928,1103,1126]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. makhchinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—in just about every aspect of its dental morphology
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFBA1FBF540536FC4" authorityName="WANG & McKENNA & DASHZEVEG" authorityYear="2005" box="[1049,1150,1132,1155]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dorog">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFBA1FBF540536FC4" box="[1049,1150,1132,1155]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. dorog</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bridges the gap between the extremes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFBD8FB1047276FF9" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shackelfordi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFBD8FB1047276FF9" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. shackelfordi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFCF0FB3E47DB6FF9" authorityName="Wang, McKenna, and Dashzeveg" authorityYear="2005" box="[840,1014,1191,1214]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makhchinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFCF0FB3E47DB6FF9" box="[840,1014,1191,1214]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A. makhchinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the final analysis, given what we know, it is easily conceivable that a series of three endemic species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5194C3FFE8E85FFC86FB6647F66E51" authorityName="Matthew and Granger" authorityYear="1924" box="[830,987,1279,1302]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Amphicticeps" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9253352FFE8E85FFC86FB6647F66E51" box="[830,987,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Amphicticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
form a clade in the early Oligocene of central Asia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |