283 lines
40 KiB
XML
283 lines
40 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C89C0B1B693734D302F7B732A6FA11F9">Cricetidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FF60E286509F92C279290B709367A5D0">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BF472FCF1F825E4B9F96868248E55834">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A0FBD6B98572546973F4E1D6EE523657">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E5B4B58E0073C4E64AA454232BED9230">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F06D13FFB8207008471D830AF9F370" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6706660" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196220952" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6706660" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F06D13FFB8207008471D830AF9F370" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F06D13FFB8207008471D830AF9F370" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="302" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB8207108471D830D9EF5D6" box="[1392,1449,2527,2573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB8207108471D830D9EF5D6" blockId="22.[1390,2462,2527,2694]" box="[1392,1449,2527,2573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFB8207108471D830D9EF5D6" box="[1392,1449,2527,2573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
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<figureCitation id="1362C080FFB8207108471D830D9EF5D6" box="[1392,1449,2527,2573]" captionStart="Plate 11: Cricetidae" captionStartId="18.[107,137,3099,3124]" captionTargetBox="[25,2753,22,3645]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="34. Nearctic Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus), 35. Ungava Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx hudsonius), 36. Nelson's Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx nelsoni), 37. Ogilvie Mountains Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx nunatakensis), 38. Richardson’s Collared Lemming (Ducrostonyx richardsoni), 39. Palearctic Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx torquatus), 40. Unalaska Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx unalascensis), 41. Gray Red-backed Vole (Craseomys rufocanus), 42. Hokkaido Red-backed Vole (Craseomys rex), 43. Korean Red-backed Vole (Craseomys regulus), 44. Shanxi Red-backed Vole (Craseomys shanseius), 45. Anderson’s Red-backed Vole (Craseomys andersoni), 46. Smith’s Red-backed Vole (Craseomys smith), 47. Western Red-backed Vole (Myodes californicus), 48. Southern Red-backed Vole (Myodes gapperi), 49. Bank Vole (Mpyodes glareolus), 50. Tian Shan Red-backed Vole (Myodes centralis), 51. Large-eared Vole (Myodes macrotis), 52. Northern Red-backed Vole (Myodes rutilus), 53. Silver Mountain Vole (Alticola argentatus), 54. White-tailed Mountain Vole (Alticola albicauda), 55. Kashmir Mountain Vole (Alticola montosus), 56. Royle’s Mountain Vole (Alticola roylei), 57. Strelzov’s Mountain Vole (Alticola strelzouvi), 58. Tuva Mountain Vole (Alticola tuvinicus), 59. Gobi Altai Mountain Vole (Alticola barakshin), 60. null (null), 60. null (null), 61. Mongolian Mountain Vole (Alticola semicanus), 61. Mongolian Mountain Vole (Alticola semicanus), 62. Stoliczka’s Mountain Vole (Alticola stoliczkanus), 62. Stoliczka’s Mountain Vole (Alticola stoliczkanus), 63. Lemming Mountain Vole (Aschizomys lemminus), 63. Lemming Mountain Vole (Aschizomys lemminus), 64. Gansu Red-backed Vole (Caryomys eva), 64. Gansu Red-backed Vole (Caryomys eva), 65. Kolan Red-backed Vole (Caryomys inez), 65. Kolan Red-backed Vole (Caryomys inez), 66. Pere David's Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys melanogaster), 66. Pere David’s Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys melanogaster), 67. Yunnan Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys miletus), 68. Sichuan Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys chinensis), 69. Southwest China Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys custos), 70. Black-eared Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys olitor), 71. Yulongxuen Red-backed Vole (FEothenomys proditor), 72. Ward’s Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys wardi), 73. Hinton’s Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys hintoni), 74. Tarquinius Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys tarquinius), 75. Burrowing Vole (Hyperacrius fertilis), 76. Murree Vole (Hyperacrius wynnei)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6709261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6709261/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">48.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB82071088C1D830FD1F5D6" box="[1467,2022,2527,2573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB82071088C1D830FD1F5D6" blockId="22.[1390,2462,2527,2694]" box="[1467,2022,2527,2573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFB82071088C1D830FD1F5D6" box="[1467,2022,2527,2573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
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||
<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFB82071088C1D830FD1F5D6" ID-CoL="454Q3" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1830" box="[1467,2022,2527,2573]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gapperi">Southern Red-backed Vole</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB8207105181D83010CF5D6" box="[2095,2363,2527,2573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB8207105181D83010CF5D6" blockId="22.[1390,2462,2527,2694]" box="[2095,2363,2527,2573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFB8207105181D83010CF5D6" box="[2095,2363,2527,2573]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB8207105181D83010CF5D6" ID-CoL="454Q3" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1830" box="[2095,2363,2527,2573]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gapperi">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB8207105181D83010CF5D6" box="[2095,2363,2527,2573]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">Myodes gapperi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB8207108581E420EE8F559" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB8207108581E420114F5E8" blockId="22.[1390,2462,2527,2694]" box="[1391,2339,2590,2611]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
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||
<heading id="D0AE6B69FFB8207108581E420114F5E8" box="[1391,2339,2590,2611]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
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||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB8207108581E420D8CF5E8" bold="true" box="[1391,1467,2590,2611]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFB8207108F31E420E93F5E8" ID-CoL="454Q3" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1830" box="[1476,1700,2590,2611]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gapperi">Campagnol de Gapper</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB820710B8F1E420F24F5E8" bold="true" box="[1720,1811,2590,2611]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFB820710A2B1E420FE3F5E8" ID-CoL="454Q3" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1830" box="[1820,2004,2590,2611]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gapperi">GapperRotelmaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB820710ADF1E420073F5E8" bold="true" box="[2024,2116,2590,2611]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFB82071057E1E420114F5E8" ID-CoL="454Q3" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1830" box="[2121,2339,2590,2611]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gapperi">Topillo rojo de Gapper</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB8207108581E1A0EE8F559" blockId="22.[1390,2462,2527,2694]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFB8207108581E1A0EE8F559" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB8207108581E1A0E51F580" bold="true" box="[1391,1638,2630,2651]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFB820710B471E1A0F6DF580" ID-CoL="454Q3" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1830" box="[1648,1882,2630,2651]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gapperi">Boreal Red-backed Vole</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFB820710A501E1A00BFF580" ID-CoL="454Q3" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1830" box="[1895,2184,2630,2651]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gapperi">Gapper’s Red-backed Mouse</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFB8207105A11E1A01ADF580" ID-CoL="454Q3" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1830" box="[2198,2458,2630,2651]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gapperi">Gapper's Red-backed Vole</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFB8207108471E310EE8F559" ID-CoL="454Q3" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1830" box="[1392,1759,2669,2690]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gapperi">Revillagigedo Island Red-backed Vole</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB820710AE41EE80130F4FB" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB820710AE41EE80130F4FB" blockId="22.[2003,2595,2740,3163]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB820710AE41EE80059F50A" bold="true" box="[2003,2158,2740,2769]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB8207105B21EE8022BF50A" ID-CoL="454Q3" authority="Vigors, 1830" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1830" box="[2181,2588,2740,2769]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gapperi">Myodes gapperi Vigors, 1830</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B31D658FFB820710AE31E870130F4FB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3818814986" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
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between York [= Toronto] and Lake Simcoe,
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<collectingRegion id="499D12E7FFB8207105211F5B00B1F4FB" box="[2070,2182,2823,2848]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">Ontario</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34E9C95FFB8207105A01F5B0134F4FB" box="[2199,2307,2823,2848]" name="Canada" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">Canada</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB820710AE31F76007EF44D" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" type="discussion">
|
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB820710AE31F76007EF44D" blockId="22.[2003,2595,2740,3163]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB820710AE31F760006F49C" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1811" box="[2004,2097,2858,2887]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Myodes</taxonomicName>
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gapper: might represent more than one species. Twenty-nine subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB820700AE41FFD0C43F9D6" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="302" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" type="synonymic_list">
|
||
<caption id="DF268C8DFFB820700AE41FFD0C43F9D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760329" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6760329/files/figure.png" inLine="true" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="302" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" startId="22.[2003,2157,2977,3006]" targetBox="[1388,1980,2745,3158]" targetPageId="22">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB820710AE41FFD0153F465" blockId="22.[2003,2595,2740,3163]" box="[2003,2404,2977,3006]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB820710AE41FFD0153F465" bold="true" box="[2003,2404,2977,3006]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB820710AE21F9F01CBF3E8" blockId="22.[2003,2595,2740,3163]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB820710AE21F9F01CBF3E8" authority="Vigors, 1830" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1830" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="gapperi">M.g.gapperiVigors,1830—SEManitoba,SOntario,NMinnesota,andWisconsinEacrossGreatLakesregiontoEQuebec.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB820710AE3181E0F30F359" blockId="22.[2003,2595,2740,3163]" lastBlockId="22.[1390,2595,3177,3477]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB820710AE3181E0214F380" authority="Cockrum & Fitch, 1952" authorityName="Cockrum & Fitch" authorityYear="1952" box="[2004,2595,3138,3163]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="arizonensis">M.g.arizonensisCockrum&Fitch,1952—</taxonomicName>
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WhiteMts,CEArizona,USA.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB82071084718CC023CF372" blockId="22.[1390,2595,3177,3477]" box="[1392,2571,3216,3241]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB82071084718CC023CF372" authority="Preble, 1908" authorityName="Preble" authorityYear="1908" box="[1392,2571,3216,3241]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="athabascae">M.g.athabascaePreble,1908—fromNEBritishColumbiaEtoWManitoba,Canada.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB82071084718EF0E35F323" blockId="22.[1390,2595,3177,3477]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB82071084718EF0E35F323" authority="Merriam, 1891" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1891" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="brevicaudus">M.g.brevicaudusMerriam,1891—isolatedrangeinNEWyomingandCWSouthDakota,USA.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB82071084718A20E01F29D" blockId="22.[1390,2595,3177,3477]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB82071084718A20E01F29D" authority="Merriam, 1888" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1888" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="carolinensis">M.g.carolinensisMerriam,1888—SAppalachianMtsfromVirginiaStoextremeNGeorgia,USA.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB82071084619090177F2B5" blockId="22.[1390,2595,3177,3477]" box="[1393,2368,3413,3438]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB82071084619090177F2B5" authority="Booth, 1945" authorityName="Booth" authorityYear="1945" box="[1393,2368,3413,3438]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="cascadensis">M.g.cascadensisBooth,1945—CascadeRangeofCWashington,USA.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB820710846192400E0F24E" blockId="22.[1390,2595,3177,3477]" box="[1393,2263,3448,3477]" pageId="22" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB82071084619240EEDF24E" authority="Bailey, 1898" authorityName="Bailey" authorityYear="1898" box="[1393,1754,3448,3477]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="22" pageNumber="301" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="caurinus">M. g. caurinus Bailey, 1898</taxonomicName>
|
||
— coastal British Columbia, Canada.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D82157B0D3FFE93" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" box="[181,1288,295,328]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700D82157B0D3FFE93" authority="Merriam, 1890" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1890" box="[181,1288,295,328]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="galei">M.g.galeiMerriam,1890—fromextremeSAlberta,Canada,StoCUtah,USA.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D8215120A3BFE4C" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700D8215120A3BFE4C" authority="R. M. Anderson, 1943" authorityName="R. M. Anderson" authorityYear="1943" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="gaspeanus">M.g.gaspeanusR.M.Anderson,1943—GaspéPeninsulaofEQuebecandextremeNNewBrunswick,Canada.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D8215F90D3BFE65" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" box="[181,1292,421,446]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700D8215F90D3BFE65" authority="Cockrum & Fitch, 1952" authorityName="Cockrum & Fitch" authorityYear="1952" box="[181,1292,421,446]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="gauti">M.g.gautiCockrum&Fitch,1952—fromSColoradoStoCNewMexico,USA.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D8215910994FDD6" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700D8215910994FDD6" authority="R. M. Anderson, 1940" authorityName="R. M. Anderson" authorityYear="1940" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="hudsonius">M.g.hudsoniusR.M.Anderson,1940—SofHudsonBayinManitoba,Ontario,andQuebec,Canada.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D8216400D52FDEE" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" box="[181,1381,540,565]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700D8216400D52FDEE" authority="Merriam, 1891" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1891" box="[181,1381,540,565]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="idahoensis">M.g.idahoensisMerriam,1891—WOregon,Idaho,WMontana,andWWyoming,USA.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D82161F0C13FD87" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" box="[181,1060,579,604]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700D82161F0C13FD87" authority="Bailey, 1913" authorityName="Bailey" authorityYear="1913" box="[181,1060,579,604]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="limitis">M.g.limitisBailey,1913—mountainsofCWNewMexico,USA.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D82163608CEFD09" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700D82163608CEFD09" authority="Bailey, 1897" authorityName="Bailey" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="loringi">M.g.loringiBailey,1897—SEAlberta,SSaskatchewan,andSManitoba,Canada,andNMontana,NorthDakota,extremeNSouthDakota,mostofMinnesota,andNCIowa,USA.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D8216850CFCFD21" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" box="[181,1227,729,762]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700D8216850CFCFD21" authority="Kellogg, 1939" authorityName="Kellogg" authorityYear="1939" box="[181,1227,729,762]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="maurus">M.g.maurusKellogg,1939—smallrangeinEKentuckyandVirginia,USA.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D8217580C2BFCFA" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" box="[181,1052,772,801]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700D8217580C2BFCFA" authority="Bailey, 1897" authorityName="Bailey" authorityYear="1897" box="[181,1052,772,801]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="nivarius">M.g.nivariusBailey,1897—OlympicMtsofWashington,USA.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D8217730A11FCAB" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700D8217730A11FCAB" authority="Merriam, 1890" authorityName="Merriam" authorityYear="1890" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="occidentalis">M.g.occidentalisMerriam,1890—extremeScoastalBritishColumbia,Canada,andNWcoastofWashington,USA.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D8217220C6CFC65" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700D8217220C6CFC65" authority="G. S. Miller, 1894" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1894" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="ochraceus">M.g.ochraceusG.S.Miller,1894—PrinceEdwardI,NewBrunswick,andextremeSEQuebec,Canada,SalongtheAtlanticcoasttoMassachusetts,USA.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D8217990C3EFC3D" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" box="[181,1033,965,998]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700D8217990C3EFC3D" authority="Hall & Cockrum, 1952" authorityName="Hall & Cockrum" authorityYear="1952" box="[181,1033,965,998]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="pallescens">M.g.pallescensHall&Cockrum,1952—NovaScotia,Canada.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D8217A80C51FBD6" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" box="[181,1126,1012,1037]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700D8217A80C51FBD6" authority="Doutt, 1941" authorityName="Doutt" authorityYear="1941" box="[181,1126,1012,1037]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="paludicola">M.g.paludicolaDoutt,1941—NEOhioandNWPennsylvania,USA.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D82104709F7FB87" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700D82104709F7FB87" authority="Swarth, 1911" authorityName="Swarth" authorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="phaeus">M.g.phaeusSwarth,1911—ScoastalSEAlaska,USA,toFortSimpson,CEBritishColumbia,Canada.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D8210360C2DFB58" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" box="[181,1050,1130,1155]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700D8210360C2DFB58" authority="Bangs, 1897" authorityName="Bangs" authorityYear="1897" box="[181,1050,1130,1155]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="proteus">M.g.proteusBangs,1897—NEQuebecandLabrador,Canada.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D8310D208CEFB09" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700D8310D208CEFB09" authority="Stone, 1893" authorityName="Stone" authorityYear="1893" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="rhoadsii">M.g.rhoadsiiStone,1893—restrictedrangeinSENewYorkandadjacentNewJersey,USA.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D8310800D67FB22" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" box="[180,1360,1244,1273]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700D8310800D67FB22" authority="Poole, 1949" authorityName="Poole" authorityYear="1949" box="[180,1360,1244,1273]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="rupicola">M.g.rupicolaPoole,1949—knownonlyfromKittatinnyRidge,EPennsylvania,USA.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D8211540A7AFA93" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700D8211540A7AFA93" authority="Rhoads, 1894" authorityName="Rhoads" authorityYear="1894" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="saturatus">M.g.saturatusRhoads,1894—NBritishColumbia,Canada,StoNWashington,NIdaho,andNMontana,USA.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D8211120D2EFAB4" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" box="[181,1305,1358,1391]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700D8211120D2EFAB4" authority="Hall & Cockrum, 1952" authorityName="Hall & Cockrum" authorityYear="1952" box="[181,1305,1358,1391]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="solus">M.g.solusHall&Cockrum,1952—restrictedtoRevillagigedoI,SEAlaska,USA.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D82112209A0FA65" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700D82112209A0FA65" authority="Hall & Cockrum, 1952" authorityName="Hall & Cockrum" authorityYear="1952" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="stikinensis">M.g.stikinensisHall&Cockrum,1952—NcoastalSEAlaska,USA,andWBritishColumbia,Canada.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D8211980B73FA3E" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" box="[181,836,1476,1509]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700D8211980B73FA3E" authority="Bailey, 1897" authorityName="Bailey" authorityYear="1897" box="[181,836,1476,1509]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="ungava">M.g.ungavaBailey,1897—NQuebec,Canada.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D8211A80C43F9D6" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" box="[181,1140,1524,1549]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700D8211A80A2CF9D6" authority="Bailey, 1897" authorityName="Bailey" authorityYear="1897" box="[181,539,1524,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="gapperi" subSpecies="wrangeli">M. g. wrangeli Bailey, 1897</taxonomicName>
|
||
— Sergief and Wrangell Is, SE Alaska, USA.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB920700D83124F0B0BF8FA" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D83124F0B0BF8FA" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB920700D83124F0984F9EF" bold="true" box="[180,435,1555,1588]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 100-114 mm, tail 30-44 mm, hindfoot 19-21 mm; weight 16-42 g. Dorsal pelage of Gapper’s Red-backed Vole has well-defined stripe and varies from bright red to dark rufous. Sides and belly are grayish, with tips of guard hairs on belly ranging from white to buff. Tail is short, thick, and bicolored, with bristly reddish or blackish hairs dorsally and lighter hairs below. Post-palatal bridge is usually complete, and M? and M, have more complex enamel patterns than those of the Western Red-backed Vole (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700F5113580B18F8FA" box="[614,815,1796,1825]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Myodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californicus">M. californicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB920700D84136C0A21F709" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D84136C0A21F709" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB920700D84136C0912F892" bold="true" box="[179,293,1840,1865]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Mesic coniferous, deciduous, or mixed forests. Southern Red-backed Voles are most common in habitats with structural habitat complexity such as high density of rotting stumps, logs, or other downed debris, or exposed roots that can be used for nesting. Eastern forests and forest edges, woodlots, old fields with rock walls, and sedge meadows are suitable habitat. In the Midwest, mixed deciduous forest or coniferous forests are common habitat, and in western North America, forests of ponderosa pine (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700CE01C440A12F7EE" authorityName="Perry" authorityYear="1811" box="[471,549,2072,2101]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
ponderosa), Douglas fir (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700EBE1C440C1BF7EE" box="[905,1068,2072,2101]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pseudotsuga</taxonomicName>
|
||
menziesii), spruce (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB9207008751C4408D5F787" authorityName="D.Don ex Loudon" authorityYear="1838" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Picea</taxonomicName>
|
||
), hemlock (7suga, all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700F1D1C630A98F787" box="[554,687,2111,2140]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), cedar (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700E011C630BBDF787" box="[822,906,2111,2140]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Thuja" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Thuja</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700EA81C630C50F787" box="[927,1127,2111,2140]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cupressaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and other trees are used. Nearby mesic or ecotonal habitats with high vegetation structure also commonly support this species. At northern edge of the distribution, it occurs across vast boreal forests of Canada.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB920700D841C850C49F692" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D841C850C49F692" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB920700D841C850988F721" bold="true" box="[179,447,2265,2298]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Southern Red-backed Voles frequently shift their diets to match food availabilities by feeding on plants (including nuts, seeds, berries, leaves, roots, and bark), fungi, arthropods, mosses, ferns, lichens, and other foods.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB920700D841D0F0B18F5D6" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D841D0F0B18F5D6" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB920700D841D0F090EF6AB" bold="true" box="[179,313,2387,2416]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Southern Red-backed Voles are promiscuous. Females are polyestrous and have postpartum estrus. They usually breed from March to late September. Litters have 2-8 young, with largerlitters found in high latitudes and high-elevation populations. Sexual maturity is reached at 2—4 months. Nests are 75-100 mm in diameter and lined with grass, leaves, moss, and sphagnum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB920700D851E480BFDF4FA" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D851E480BFDF4FA" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB920700D851E480997F5EE" bold="true" box="[178,416,2580,2613]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Latitude and seasonality impact activity patterns of Southern Redbacked Voles. At high latitudes, some populations were active nocturnally in winter when nights were long but were more diurnal or crepuscular in summer when days are long. In other high-latitude populations, the opposite activity pattern was noted. More southern populations tend to be diurnally active year-round, but variation also has been reported, including some populations that have up to seven bouts of activity throughout the 24hour cycle averaging 1-1 hours/bout.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB920700D841F7B0A97F3D6" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D841F7B0A97F3D6" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB920700D841F7B0B46F493" bold="true" box="[179,881,2855,2888]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Densities range from nearly 0 ind/ ha to 65 ind/ha and generally increase through summer until September and then decline over winter. A 3—4year population oscillation is typically reported, but sixand ten-year intervals have also been seen. Maximum life span is 20 months, but 10-12 months is much more common. Mean home ranges are 0-01-0-5 ha. Southern Redbacked Voles do not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB920700CEE1FB00AABF3D6" box="[473,668,3052,3085]" form="colonies" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" rank="form">form colonies</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB920700D83184F0CFAF3EF" box="[180,1229,3091,3124]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D83184F0CFAF3EF" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" box="[180,1229,3091,3124]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB920700D83184F0A27F3EF" bold="true" box="[180,528,3091,3124]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB920700D8318180AF9F370" pageId="23" pageNumber="302" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB920700D8318180AF9F370" blockId="23.[177,1387,295,3243]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB920700D831818097AF386" bold="true" box="[180,333,3140,3165]" pageId="23" pageNumber="302">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bradley, Ammerman et al. (2014), Cook & Kirkland (1998), Gillis & Nams (1998), Hafner et al. (1998), Hall (1981), MacDonald & Cook (2009), Merritt (1981), Merritt & Merritt (1978), Musser & Carleton (2005), Runck & Cook (2005), Runck et al. (2009).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |