245 lines
30 KiB
XML
245 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="CD967C19FBFB40CD2A2E681F529EA048">Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5B28B4C1A6B603542FDFA93F0677556A">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="32944694FE343F9589CA124CDE32CEB8">Diškus, Arūnas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="22C78A57EFB7BAC9D0C07054DC9B0FD1">Remeikis, Andrius</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3B6DD94EE5DC0109FB5F70BE1A6E2568">Gerulaitis, Virginijus</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CEAA6572C1E305D481718A9CCA390BE6">Karsholt, Ole</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D7D512A241F72D8B3442F8FF794B8F0C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4253997574AF7814E6F799EFD5551B00">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4730D0D454793FF94BFC46480D9DA293">4181</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E487C7FF97D241FF4626DEF157F93B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3503286" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124560982" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3503286" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487C7FF97D241FF4626DEF157F93B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487C7FF97D241FF4626DEF157F93B" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<subSubSection id="C357655AFF97D241FF4626DEF1DEFDF9" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF97D241FF4626DEF2FCFE18" blockId="35.[151,657,460,519]" box="[151,657,460,486]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<heading id="D0BA81BDFF97D241FF4626DEF2FCFE18" bold="true" box="[151,657,460,486]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF97D241FF4626DEF2FCFE18" ID-CoL="6ZSRH" authority="Diskus & Stonis, 2016" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis" authorityYear="2016" box="[151,657,460,486]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripartita">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF97D241FF4626DEF2FCFE18" bold="true" box="[151,657,460,486]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF97D241FF4626DEF117FE18" bold="true" box="[151,378,460,486]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Stigmella tripartita</emphasis>
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Diškus & Stonis, 2016
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF97D241FF4626FCF1DEFDF9" blockId="35.[151,657,460,519]" box="[151,435,494,519]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13762A54FF97D241FF4E26FCF16EFDF9" box="[159,259,494,519]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,368,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,301,1904]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Habitats: grass páramo near volcano Chimborazo (Ecuador: Chimborazo Province) at altitudes about 3980 – 4000 m. 1, 2, habitat of Stigmella gynoxyphaga sp. n. and S. tripartita Diškus & Stonis, 1 ° 31 ' 20 " S, 78 ° 50 ' 27 " W; 3 – 5, habitat of S. lachemillae sp. n. and S. calceolariae sp. n., 1 ° 45 ' 41 " S, 78 ° 48 ' 51 " W." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164244/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13762A54FF97D241FEDE26FDF140FDF9" box="[271,301,495,519]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 17" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,221,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1914]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 17. Distribution of high altitude Stigmella species in the Ecuadorian Andes. 16, habitat of Stigmella paramica sp. nov. and S. confertae Diškus & Stonis, 3700 – 3800 m, 0 ° 21 ' 45 " S, 78 ° 11 ' 35 " W; 17, distribution map." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164247/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">17</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13762A54FF97D241FEE826FDF135FDF9" box="[313,344,495,519]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="16.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[163,1429,193,1982]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1430,193,1983]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 27. Distribution map of the high-Andean Nepticulidae with height records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266413/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">27</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13762A54FF97D241FEB226FDF1C6FDF9" box="[355,427,495,519]" captionStart="FIGURES 88 – 92" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[162,1415,193,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 88 – 92. Stigmella tripartita Diškus & Stonis. 88, host-plant Baccharis buxifolia (Lam.) Pers. (Asteraceae); 89, male forewing, reconstructed from adult still enclosed within the pupa shell; 90, male genitalia, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 624; 91, same, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD 622, capsule without phallus, dorsal view; 92, same, ventral view (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164265/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">88–92</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C357655AFF97D241FF462526F339FDB4" box="[151,852,564,586]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF97D241FF462526F339FDB4" blockId="35.[151,852,564,586]" box="[151,852,564,586]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5D11FFFF97D241FF462526F339FDB4" box="[151,852,564,586]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF97D241FF462526F371FDB4" ID-CoL="6ZSRH" authority="Diskus & Stonis, in Stonis et al. 2016b: 110" authorityName="Diskus & Stonis, in Stonis et al." authorityPageNumber="110" authorityYear="2016" box="[151,796,564,586]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripartita">
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF97D241FF462526F134FDB4" box="[151,345,564,586]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Stigmella tripartita</emphasis>
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Diškus & Stonis, in
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<treatmentCitation id="0AEC10C0FF97D241FDFA2526F371FDB4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6070507" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6070507" author="Stonis" box="[555,796,564,586]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B47A7DFFF0A123D7C143B8A8A4F864" page="110" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" year="2016">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B20FF97D241FDFA2526F281FDB4" author="Stonis" box="[555,748,564,586]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" refString="Stonis, J. R., Diskus, A., Remeikis, A., Davis, D. R., Solis, M. A. & Cumbicus Torres, N. (2016 b) The first record of Baccharis L. (Asteraceae) as a host-plant genus for Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera), with description of new Stigmella species from South America. Zootaxa, 4136 (1), 101 - 128. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4136.1.4" type="journal article" year="2016" yearSuffix="b">
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Stonis
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF97D241FDA12527F2F0FDB4" box="[624,669,564,586]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">et al</emphasis>
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. 2016b
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 110
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–112.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF97D241FF462566F161FD06" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF97D241FF462566F161FD06" blockId="35.[151,1437,628,1733]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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<materialsCitation id="3B253C8CFF97D241FF462566F4C5FD51" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324487229" country="Ecuador" elevation="3870" latitude="-1.7613889" location="Cajabamba" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.81417" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Chimborazo Province" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF97D241FF462566F110FD73" bold="true" box="[151,381,628,653]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Material examined</emphasis>
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. 2 Ƌ (
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<typeStatus id="54F68873FF97D241FE1F2566F25FFD73" box="[462,562,628,653]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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and
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<typeStatus id="54F68873FF97D241FDBE2566F2B9FD72" box="[623,724,628,652]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="F35A7641FF97D241FD3A2566F318FD72" box="[747,885,628,652]" name="Ecuador" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
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,
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<quantity id="4CB59B34FF97D241FC552566F3A3FD73" box="[900,974,628,653]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
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SW
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<location id="8E92600AFF97D241FBDC2566F4E3FD73" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487C7FF97D241FF4626DEF157F93B:8E92600AFF97D241FBDC2566F4E3FD73" box="[1037,1166,628,653]" country="Ecuador" latitude="-1.7613889" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-78.81417" name="Cajabamba" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" stateProvince="Chimborazo Province">Cajabamba</location>
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,
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||
<collectingRegion id="4989F833FF97D241FB4C2566F5FAFD73" box="[1181,1431,628,653]" country="Ecuador" name="Chimborazo" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Chimborazo Province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE795016FF97D241FF462585F167FD4E" box="[151,266,663,688]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="15" value="-1.7613889">1°45'41"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE795016FF97D241FEC72585F1CDFD4E" box="[278,416,663,688]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" precision="15" value="-78.81417">78°48'51"W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<elevation id="0060D1E2FF97D241FE7A2585F202FD51" box="[427,623,663,688]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.87" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="3870.0">
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elevation
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<quantity id="4CB59B34FF97D241FDC9258AF202FD51" box="[536,623,664,688]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.87" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="3870.0">3870 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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||
, mining larvae on
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF97D241FCEF258AF4C5FD51" authority="(Lam.) Pers." authorityName="(Lam.) Pers." box="[830,1192,664,688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buxifolia">
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF97D241FCEF258AF477FD4E" box="[830,1050,664,688]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Baccharis buxifolia</emphasis>
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(Lam.) Pers
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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<date id="FFF31011FF97D241FB632585F54BFD4E" box="[1202,1318,663,688]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" value="2007-02-19">19.ii.2007</date>
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, field card no. 4874, A. Diškus & J. R. Stonis, genitalia slide nos AD622Ƌ holotype, AD624Ƌ paratype (ZMUC) (see Remarks).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF97D241FF162416F4EEFCBE" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF97D241FF162416F4EEFCBE" blockId="35.[151,1437,628,1733]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF97D241FF162416F12CFCE3" bold="true" box="[199,321,772,797]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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In the male genitalia, the set of three very large cornuti distinguishes
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF97D241FBBF2416F499FCE2" box="[1134,1268,772,796]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripartita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF97D241FBBF2416F499FCE2" box="[1134,1268,772,796]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">S. tripartita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
from all other
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF97D241FF46243AF16DFCBE" box="[151,256,808,832]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF97D241FF46243AF16DFCBE" box="[151,256,808,832]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Stigmella</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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species; the host-plant (
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF97D241FDC1243AF281FCBE" box="[528,748,808,832]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buxifolia">
|
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<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF97D241FDC1243AF281FCBE" box="[528,748,808,832]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Baccharis buxifolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) also makes this species distinctive.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF97D241FF16245EF508FA36" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF97D241FF16245EF309FC0B" blockId="35.[151,1437,628,1733]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF97D241FF16245EF169FC9B" bold="true" box="[199,260,844,869]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF97D241FEC2245EF10BFC9A" box="[275,358,844,869]" captionStart="FIGURES 88 – 92" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[162,1415,193,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 88 – 92. Stigmella tripartita Diškus & Stonis. 88, host-plant Baccharis buxifolia (Lam.) Pers. (Asteraceae); 89, male forewing, reconstructed from adult still enclosed within the pupa shell; 90, male genitalia, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 624; 91, same, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD 622, capsule without phallus, dorsal view; 92, same, ventral view (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164265/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 89</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing length about 3.0 mm; wingspan about
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF97D241FC49245EF39DFC9A" box="[920,1008,844,869]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Head: palpi cream; frontal tuft brown to brown cream; scape cream to yellowish cream; antenna longer than half the length of forewing; flagellum with approx. 26 segments, grey.Thorax and tegula dark grey-brown to fuscous. Forewing dark brown-grey to fuscous, with slightly postmedian fascia; fascia wide to narrow, whitish grey or grey cream; terminal and tornal cilia pale grey-brown. Abdomen dark grey to fuscous (also see Remarks).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF97D241FF1624EDF1CFFBE6" blockId="35.[151,1437,628,1733]" box="[199,418,1023,1048]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF97D241FF1624EDF148FBE6" bold="true" box="[199,293,1023,1048]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF97D241FF162336F52CFAC6" blockId="35.[151,1437,628,1733]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF97D241FF162336F11FFBC3" bold="true" box="[199,370,1060,1085]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF97D241FE512336F192FBC2" box="[384,511,1060,1085]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 43" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1862,1885]" captionTargetBox="[166,1382,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[162,1429,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 43. Genitalia of Stigmella paramica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 39, male genitalia, uncus and gnathos, holotype, temporary mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 40, same, phallus, paratype, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 612; 41, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, permanent genitalia slide no. AD 611, ventral view; 42, same, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 43, female genitalia, paratype, slide no. AD 619 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164257/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Figs 39–43</figureCitation>
|
||
). Capsule short (230–295 µm) but wide (235–240 µm). Vinculum with very small (25–30 µm), triangularly shaped lateral (anterior) lobes; ventral plate of vinculum short. Uncus 85–90 µm wide, with two small lobes, each bearing one or two papillae. Gnathos stout, with two caudal processes widening basally; central plate of gnathos large to very large, 85 µm wide, in the form of a trapezium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF97D241FB87239DF4C7FB56" box="[1110,1194,1167,1192]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 43" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1862,1885]" captionTargetBox="[166,1382,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[162,1429,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 43. Genitalia of Stigmella paramica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 39, male genitalia, uncus and gnathos, holotype, temporary mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 40, same, phallus, paratype, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 612; 41, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, permanent genitalia slide no. AD 611, ventral view; 42, same, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 43, female genitalia, paratype, slide no. AD 619 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164257/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
|
||
). Valva (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF97D241FAC1239DF50FFB56" box="[1296,1378,1167,1192]" captionStart="FIGURES 39 – 43" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1862,1885]" captionTargetBox="[166,1382,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[162,1429,193,1839]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 39 – 43. Genitalia of Stigmella paramica Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 39, male genitalia, uncus and gnathos, holotype, temporary mount in glycerol no. AD 611; 40, same, phallus, paratype, permanent genitalia slide in Euparal no. AD 612; 41, same, capsule without phallus, holotype, permanent genitalia slide no. AD 611, ventral view; 42, same, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 620; 43, female genitalia, paratype, slide no. AD 619 (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164257/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
|
||
) 180 µm long, 80–85 µm wide, with two apical processes (ventral process short and pointed); inner lobe almost straight or slightly bulged; transtilla with rounded sublateral processes or without processes, rounded at corners. Juxta membranous, distinctly triangular, widening caudally. Phallus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF97D241FCBA23EEF3D2FAEA" box="[875,959,1276,1301]" captionStart="FIGURES 88 – 92" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[162,1415,193,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 88 – 92. Stigmella tripartita Diškus & Stonis. 88, host-plant Baccharis buxifolia (Lam.) Pers. (Asteraceae); 89, male forewing, reconstructed from adult still enclosed within the pupa shell; 90, male genitalia, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 624; 91, same, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD 622, capsule without phallus, dorsal view; 92, same, ventral view (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164265/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 90</figureCitation>
|
||
) very short (145–200 µm) but wide (120 µm); vesica with a set of three very large (up to 100 µm long) cornuti; no small spinose cornuti developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF97D241FF162256F508FA36" blockId="35.[151,1437,628,1733]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF97D241FF162256F127FAA3" bold="true" box="[199,330,1348,1373]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Bionomics.</emphasis>
|
||
Larva mines in leaves. Host-plant:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF97D241FD0C2256F48CFAA2" authority="(Lam.) Pers." authorityName="(Lam.) Pers." box="[733,1249,1348,1372]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buxifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF97D241FD0C2256F3D7FAA2" box="[733,954,1348,1372]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Baccharis buxifolia</emphasis>
|
||
(Lam.) Pers. (Asteraceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF97D241FB232256F52BFAA2" box="[1266,1350,1348,1373]" captionStart="FIGURES 88 – 92" captionStartId="36.[151,264,1798,1821]" captionTargetBox="[162,1415,193,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@36.[162,1429,193,1773]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURES 88 – 92. Stigmella tripartita Diškus & Stonis. 88, host-plant Baccharis buxifolia (Lam.) Pers. (Asteraceae); 89, male forewing, reconstructed from adult still enclosed within the pupa shell; 90, male genitalia, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD 624; 91, same, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD 622, capsule without phallus, dorsal view; 92, same, ventral view (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164265/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 88</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larva yellow to pale yellow; mines in February. Contorted gallery of mine with central line of dark brown to black frass (approximately resembling the mines of the European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF97D241FD2B229EF3A2FA5A" authority="Stt." authorityName="Stt." box="[762,975,1420,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="myrtilella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF97D241FD2B229EF3EEFA5A" box="[762,899,1420,1444]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">S. myrtilella</emphasis>
|
||
(Stt.))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Larval exit slit on upper side of the leaf. Cocoon grey-beige to grey-ochre; length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF97D241FDB722BDF283FA39" box="[614,750,1455,1480]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="2.9" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.6">2.6–3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, maximal width
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF97D241FC7B22A2F459FA39" box="[938,1076,1456,1480]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Adults emerged in March.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF97D241FF1622C6F3CEF9EE" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF97D241FF1622C6F3CEF9EE" blockId="35.[151,1437,628,1733]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF97D241FF1622C6F134FA13" bold="true" box="[199,345,1492,1517]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF97D241FEBC22C6F1BBFA12" box="[365,470,1492,1517]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 5" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1924,1947]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,368,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,301,1904]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 5. Habitats: grass páramo near volcano Chimborazo (Ecuador: Chimborazo Province) at altitudes about 3980 – 4000 m. 1, 2, habitat of Stigmella gynoxyphaga sp. n. and S. tripartita Diškus & Stonis, 1 ° 31 ' 20 " S, 78 ° 50 ' 27 " W; 3 – 5, habitat of S. lachemillae sp. n. and S. calceolariae sp. n., 1 ° 45 ' 41 " S, 78 ° 48 ' 51 " W." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164244/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Fig. 1, 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF97D241FE3622C6F268FA12" box="[487,517,1492,1516]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 17" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,221,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1914]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 17. Distribution of high altitude Stigmella species in the Ecuadorian Andes. 16, habitat of Stigmella paramica sp. nov. and S. confertae Diškus & Stonis, 3700 – 3800 m, 0 ° 21 ' 45 " S, 78 ° 11 ' 35 " W; 17, distribution map." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164247/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">17</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF97D241FDC722C6F25BFA12" box="[534,566,1492,1516]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="16.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[163,1429,193,1982]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1430,193,1983]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 27. Distribution map of the high-Andean Nepticulidae with height records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266413/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">27</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species occurs high in the equatorial Andes (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A7641FF97D241FB4E22C6F56FFA13" box="[1183,1282,1492,1517]" name="Ecuador" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4989F833FF97D241FAC322C6F091F9EE" country="Ecuador" name="Chimborazo" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Chimborazo Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
) at altitudes between
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF97D241FE2122EAF2E0F9F1" box="[496,653,1528,1552]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.835" metricValueMax="3.87" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" unit="m" value="3835.0" valueMax="3870.0" valueMin="3800.0">3800–3870 m</quantity>
|
||
, mostly along roadsides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF97D241FF16210EF245F9A6" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF97D241FF16210EF245F9A6" blockId="35.[151,1437,628,1733]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF97D241FF16210EF123F9CB" bold="true" box="[199,334,1564,1589]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name is derived from Latin
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF97D241FCC6210FF313F9CA" box="[791,894,1565,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tripartita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF97D241FCC6210FF313F9CA" box="[791,894,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">tripartita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(consisting of three parts) in reference to the set of tree cornuti in the male genitalia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF97D241FF162176F157F93B" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF97D241FF162176F157F93B" blockId="35.[151,1437,628,1733]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF97D241FF162176F159F983" bold="true" box="[199,308,1636,1661]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. This distinctive species, associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF97D241FCC62176F39BF982" box="[791,1014,1636,1660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buxifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF97D241FCC62176F39BF982" box="[791,1014,1636,1660]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Baccharis buxifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a host-plant and possessing three large cornuti in the male genitalia was described from the genitalia slides dissected from adults still enclosed within the pupa shell.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |