203 lines
19 KiB
XML
203 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.37520/fi.2022.009" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7167867" approvalRequired="108" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="33" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="71" approvalRequired_for_treatments="4" checkinTime="1665263286735" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Denk, Thomas, Sami, Marco, Teodoridis, Vasilis & Martinetto, Edoardo" docDate="2022" docId="03B187ADFFBAFFF5CCB1FA69FB264D63" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.78.1.217-262.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 78 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.009" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.2:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Berberis auriolensis DENK et SAMI 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="223" masterDocId="FF88FFD5FFBCFFF3CC67FFC0FF854812" masterDocTitle="The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome" masterLastPageNumber="262" masterPageNumber="217" pageNumber="223" updateTime="1665275026667" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Denk, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sami, Marco</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Teodoridis, Vasilis</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Martinetto, Edoardo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-08-26</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>78</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>217</mods:start>
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<mods:end>262</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.009</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.37520/fi.2022.009</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2533-4069</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7167867</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B187ADFFBAFFF5CCB1FA69FB264D63" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187ADFFBAFFF5CCB1FA69FB264D63" lastPageNumber="223" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">
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<subSubSection box="[214,682,1449,1474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[214,682,1449,1474]" box="[214,682,1449,1474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">
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<heading box="[214,682,1449,1474]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[214,682,1449,1474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">
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<taxonomicName authority="DENK et SAMI" authorityName="DENK et SAMI" authorityYear="2022" box="[214,589,1449,1474]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Berberis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="auriolensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[214,436,1449,1473]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">Berberis auriolensis</emphasis>
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DENK et SAMI
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[596,682,1450,1474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="223" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[374,522,1482,1506]" box="[374,522,1482,1506]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">
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<figureCitation box="[374,522,1482,1506]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[125,206,1958,1979]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-2@7.[125,1440,151,1942]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 3. a–e: Berberis auriolensis sp. nov. a: Oriolo MSF 644, Holotype. b: Oriolo MSF 794, asterisks indicate position of teeth. c: Oriolo MSF 784. d: Oriolo MSF 789. e: Oriolo MSF 790. f–h: Modern leaves of Berberis. f: Berberis amurensis var. japonica modern leaf (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen T 0454). g: Berberis koreana modern leaf (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen T 1646). h: Berberis canadensis modern leaf (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen T 1670). i: Epimedium cf. praeaspera Oriolo MSF 778, asterisk indicates position of tooth. j: Clematis aff. vitalba Oriolo MSF 630. Scale bars 10 mm (a–j)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167873/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">Text-fig. 3a–e</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[129,714,1528,1550]" box="[129,714,1528,1550]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">
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2001
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<taxonomicName box="[204,323,1528,1550]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Berberis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis box="[204,287,1528,1549]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">Berberis</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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; Martinetto and Sami, p. 20, text-fig. 12.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[129,768,1574,1662]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">
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M a t e r i a l. Oriolo MSF 644, 784, 788, 789, 790-1, 791, 792, 793, 794, 795?;
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<collectingCountry box="[417,545,1606,1630]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">Santa Lucia</collectingCountry>
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delle Spianate MSF n.n., Tebano MSF n.n.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[129,767,1685,1742]" box="[166,767,1685,1710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">
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H o l o t y p e. Here designated
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<materialsCitation box="[531,644,1685,1710]" collectionCode="MSF" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" specimenCode="MSF 644" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode box="[531,644,1685,1710]" collectionCode="MSF" country="Switzerland" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7f85-3xtv" name="Sauriermuseum Frick" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">MSF 644</specimenCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<typeStatus box="[665,767,1686,1710]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">paratypes</typeStatus>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[129,767,1685,1742]" box="[129,631,1718,1742]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">MSF 784, 788, 789, 790-1, 791, 792, 793, 794.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[129,765,1765,1821]" box="[166,765,1765,1789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">P l a n t F o s s i l N a m e s R e g i s t r y N u m b e r.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[129,765,1765,1821]" box="[129,265,1797,1821]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">PFN002946.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[128,768,1844,1965]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">D i a g n o s i s. Leaf, petiolate, lamina obovate or elliptical, micro to notophyll, base long cuneate, apex rounded, secondary venation brochidodromous, three distinct loops and secondary loops, margin subentire or dentate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[128,768,1988,2045]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">E t y m o l o g y. The species name derives from the village Oriolo, the medieval name of which was Auriolus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[166,767,2068,2093]" lastBlockId="6.[843,1482,151,207]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">
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T y p e l o c a l i t y. Oriolo, Salita di Oriolo quarry,
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<collectingCountry box="[713,762,2068,2092]" name="Italy" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">Italy</collectingCountry>
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. T y p e s t r a t u m a n d a g e. “Sabbie gialle” cycle I, latest Calabrian.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[843,1482,231,512]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">
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D e s c r i p t i o n. Leaf, petiolate, petiole
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<quantity box="[1374,1477,231,255]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
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, lamina obovate or elliptical,
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<quantity box="[1167,1285,263,287]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="56.0" valueMax="66.0" valueMin="46.0">46–66 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity box="[1362,1481,263,287]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="43.0" valueMin="27.0">27–43 mm</quantity>
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||
wide, base acute, cuneate, apex rounded or bluntly acute, secondary venation distinctly brochidodromous, 3 main loops followed by secondary loops towards lamina margin, small veins entering teeth or forming marginal loops, margin appearing bent downward in some specimens and hence teeth obscured, ca. 5 teeth per
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<quantity box="[1190,1268,456,480]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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margin, teeth with long basal and short apical side.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[843,1482,535,1393]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">
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R e m a r k s. The leaves from Oriolo superficially resemble the European extant species
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<taxonomicName box="[1257,1375,567,591]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Berberis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
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<emphasis box="[1257,1273,568,591]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">B</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[1288,1375,567,591]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">vulgaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L., 1753. However, in the latter, the lobing of the secondary veins is steeper and the brochidodromous venation is generally less conspicuous. Dentition is variable in
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<taxonomicName box="[1306,1426,663,687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Berberis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
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<emphasis box="[1306,1322,664,687]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">B</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[1339,1426,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">vulgaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and the condition as found in the leaves from Oriolo is also met in living plants. In terms of leaf size, shape, and secondary venation, the northeastern Asian
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<taxonomicName authority="RUPR., 1857" authorityName="RUPR." authorityYear="1857" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Berberis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amurensis">
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<emphasis box="[1244,1260,760,783]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">B</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[1286,1395,760,783]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">amurensis</emphasis>
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RUPR., 1857
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</taxonomicName>
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, is very similar to the fossil leaves (
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<figureCitation box="[1337,1469,792,816]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[125,206,1958,1979]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-2@7.[125,1440,151,1942]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 3. a–e: Berberis auriolensis sp. nov. a: Oriolo MSF 644, Holotype. b: Oriolo MSF 794, asterisks indicate position of teeth. c: Oriolo MSF 784. d: Oriolo MSF 789. e: Oriolo MSF 790. f–h: Modern leaves of Berberis. f: Berberis amurensis var. japonica modern leaf (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen T 0454). g: Berberis koreana modern leaf (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen T 1646). h: Berberis canadensis modern leaf (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen T 1670). i: Epimedium cf. praeaspera Oriolo MSF 778, asterisk indicates position of tooth. j: Clematis aff. vitalba Oriolo MSF 630. Scale bars 10 mm (a–j)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167873/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">Text-fig. 3f</figureCitation>
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), whereas
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<taxonomicName authority="PALIB., 1899" authorityName="PALIB." authorityYear="1899" box="[942,1281,824,848]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Berberis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koreana">
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<emphasis box="[942,1131,824,848]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">Berberis koreana</emphasis>
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PALIB., 1899
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</taxonomicName>
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, from
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<collectingCountry box="[1360,1428,824,847]" name="South Korea" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">Korea</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<taxonomicName authority="MILL., 1768" authorityName="MILL." authorityYear="1768" box="[843,1136,856,880]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Berberis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canadensis">
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<emphasis box="[843,859,857,880]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">B</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[876,995,856,880]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">canadensis</emphasis>
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MILL., 1768
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</taxonomicName>
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, from North America are more similar in features of the leaf margin (
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<figureCitation box="[1298,1469,888,912]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[125,206,1958,1979]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1942]" captionTargetId="figure-2@7.[125,1440,151,1942]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 3. a–e: Berberis auriolensis sp. nov. a: Oriolo MSF 644, Holotype. b: Oriolo MSF 794, asterisks indicate position of teeth. c: Oriolo MSF 784. d: Oriolo MSF 789. e: Oriolo MSF 790. f–h: Modern leaves of Berberis. f: Berberis amurensis var. japonica modern leaf (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen T 0454). g: Berberis koreana modern leaf (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen T 1646). h: Berberis canadensis modern leaf (NMNS Cleared Leaf Database specimen T 1670). i: Epimedium cf. praeaspera Oriolo MSF 778, asterisk indicates position of tooth. j: Clematis aff. vitalba Oriolo MSF 630. Scale bars 10 mm (a–j)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167873/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">
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Text-fig.
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<quantity box="[1405,1434,888,912]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" unit="g" value="3.0">3g</quantity>
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, h
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</figureCitation>
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). These extant species belong to a modern clade comprising European, Asian and North American species (clade 5 of
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<bibRefCitation author="Adhikari, B. & Milne, R. & Pennington, R. T. & Sarkinen, T. & Pendry, C. A." box="[843,1066,984,1008]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" pagination="39 - 48" refId="ref26672" refString="Adhikari, B., Milne, R., Pennington, R. T., Sarkinen, T., Pendry, C. A. (2015): Systematics and biogeography of Berberis s. l. inferred from nuclear ITS and chloroplast ndhF gene sequences. - Taxon, 64: 39 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / 641.21" type="journal article" year="2015">Adhikari et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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). Remarkably, this clade also contains several narrow endemic relic species in western Eurasia (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName authority="C. PRESL, 1826" authorityName="C. PRESL" authorityYear="1826" box="[913,1229,1048,1072]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Berberis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aetnensis">
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<emphasis box="[913,929,1049,1072]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
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<emphasis box="[951,1050,1049,1072]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">aetnensis</emphasis>
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C.PRESL, 1826
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[1249,1361,1049,1072]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Berberis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cretica">
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<emphasis box="[1249,1265,1049,1072]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">B</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis box="[1288,1361,1049,1072]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">cretica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L., 1753,
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<taxonomicName authority="LOWE, 1856" authorityName="LOWE" authorityYear="1856" box="[843,1150,1080,1104]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Berberis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maderensis">
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<emphasis box="[843,859,1081,1104]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">B</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis box="[879,999,1080,1104]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">maderensis</emphasis>
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LOWE, 1856
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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<bibRefCitation author="Givulescu, R. & Olos, E." box="[1174,1482,1080,1105]" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" pagination="7 - 61" refId="ref28756" refString="Givulescu, R., Olos, E. (1973): Palaobotanische Studien im Tertiar Siebenburgens. - Memorii Instutul Geologic, 19: 7 - 61." type="journal article" year="1973">Givulescu and Olos (1973)</bibRefCitation>
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||
described
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<taxonomicName authority="GIVUL. et OLOS, 1973" authorityName="GIVUL. et OLOS" authorityYear="1973" box="[954,1364,1112,1137]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Berberis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="goinai">
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||
<emphasis box="[954,1123,1112,1136]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">Berberis goinai</emphasis>
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||
GIVUL. et OLOS, 1973
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</taxonomicName>
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from Late Miocene strata of
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<collectingCountry box="[1040,1136,1145,1169]" name="Romania" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">Romania</collectingCountry>
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(Chiuzbaia). This fossil species is based on a single leaf that is similar to some specimens from Oriolo (obvate leaf, entire margin in basal part of the lamina, few teeth in apical part). However, as in
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<taxonomicName box="[1358,1474,1241,1265]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Berberidaceae" genus="Berberis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="6" pageNumber="223" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
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||
<emphasis box="[1358,1374,1242,1265]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
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<emphasis box="[1387,1474,1241,1265]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="223">vulgaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the loops formed by the secondary veins are steeper and do not reach close to the margin, as they do in the specimens from Oriolo. Consequently, the fossil taxon from Oriolo is here described as a new species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |