337 lines
42 KiB
XML
337 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="F88C8C6B1FA39DD80D068EDA94DED939" ID-CLB-Dataset="7631" ID-DOI="10.1206/0003-0090-423.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2e886aea-b59a-45a6-aeaa-2427d584a894" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4613008" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615995240537" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Grimaldi, David A." docDate="2018" docId="03B187A8FFA3FFD6FC8B39B17E20FC04" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2018.423.1-97.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2018 (423)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/0003-0090-423.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310.5:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Platypezidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="97" masterDocId="FF88FFD0FF86FFFEFFAA39537F49FFF7" masterDocTitle="Basal Cyclorrhapha In Amber From The Cretaceous And Tertiary (Insecta: Diptera), And Their Relationships: Brachycera In Cretaceous Amber Part Ix David A. Grimaldi" masterLastPageNumber="97" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1698933720305" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="9D42097AD59C96BAB36C8CB24AF19567">Basal Cyclorrhapha In Amber From The Cretaceous And Tertiary (Insecta: Diptera), And Their Relationships: Brachycera In Cretaceous Amber Part Ix David A. Grimaldi</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A491162F5FADD209EF46C250B7BB420E">Grimaldi, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="10DC8D8835EF6B1C3000DD535EDD3735">Division of Invertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History, New York</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="AE5FA3B712DFD3B3FD7F4ABF415989F0">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7EB8835CBE349994F9797B0CADEB3A53">423</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="041186C0E01025AB793DF7C67250E977" type="DOI">10.1206/0003-0090-423.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B187A8FFA3FFD6FC8B39B17E20FC04" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4631075" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180670792" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4631075" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B187A8FFA3FFD6FC8B39B17E20FC04" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B187A8FFA3FFD6FC8B39B17E20FC04" lastPageId="40" pageId="37">
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<subSubSection id="C3026535FFA3FFDBFC8B39B17B0FFF0D" box="[801,1094,226,250]" pageId="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA3FFDBFC8B39B17B0FFF0D" blockId="37.[801,1094,226,250]" box="[801,1094,226,250]" pageId="37">
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<heading id="D0EF81D2FFA3FFDBFC8B39B17B0FFF0D" box="[801,1094,226,250]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="37" reason="4">
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FAMILY
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA3FFDBFC2D39B17B0FFF0D" ID-CoL="6262W" ID-ENA="43827" box="[903,1094,226,250]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">PLATYPEZIDAE</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3026535FFA3FFD9FD6638477D88FF01" lastPageId="39" pageId="37" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA3FFDBFD6638477CBDFB44" blockId="37.[684,1215,276,1738]" pageId="37">
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA3FFDBFD6638477C1EFEDB" ID-CoL="6262W" box="[716,855,276,300]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platypezidae</taxonomicName>
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is a small family of only about 250 Recent species worldwide, most of which are quite rare, represented in museum collections by only a few specimens. In an intensive survey of a montane tropical forest in
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<collectingCountry id="F30F762EFFA3FFDBFC6538C97B0EFE46" box="[975,1095,409,434]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="37">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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, for example, among the 100,000 or so specimens processed and more than 4200 fly species found, none were
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA3FFDBFC9E38AD7C88FDE1" ID-CoL="6262W" box="[820,961,510,534]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platypezidae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF894B4FFFA3FFDBFC7C38AD7BF1FDE1" author="Amorim, D. S. & V. C. Silva & B. V. Brown" box="[982,1208,510,534]" pageId="37" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref37801" refString="Amorim, D. S., V. C. Silva, and B. V. Brown. 2018. Puyehuemyia chandleri, gen. nov., sp. nov. (Diptera: Opetiidae): remnant of a Cretaceous biota in Chile. American Museum Novitates 3892: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2018">Brown et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF894B4FFFA3FFDBFD063B4C7CCFFDC0" author="Borkent, A." box="[684,902,543,567]" pageId="37" pagination="53 - 90" refId="ref37997" refString="Borkent, A., et al. 2018. Remarkable fly (Diptera) diversity in a patch of Costa Rican cloud forest: why inventory is a vital science. Zootaxa 4402 (1): 53 - 90." type="journal article" year="2018">Borkent et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). Systematics of the group is well established, with major contributions to the world fauna by E.L. Kessel and by P.J. Chandler (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF894B4FFFA3FFDBFD443BD77CD7FD6B" author="Chandler, P. J." box="[750,926,644,668]" pageId="37" pagination="351 - 434" refId="ref38631" refString="Chandler, P. J. 1994. The Oriental and Australasian species of Platypezidae (Diptera). Invertebrate Systematics 8: 351 - 434." type="journal article" year="1994">Chandler, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF894B4FFFA3FFDBFC043BD77CA1FD6B" author="Chandler, P. J." box="[942,1000,644,668]" pageId="37" pagination="1 - 276" refId="ref38658" refString="Chandler, P. J. 2001. The flat-footed flies (Diptera: Opetiidae and Platypezidae) of Europe. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 36: 1 - 276. Leiden: Brill." type="journal article" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="EF894B4FFFA3FFDBFC553BD77BF5FD6B" author="Chandler, P. J." box="[1023,1212,644,668]" pageId="37" pagination="1 - 276" refId="ref38658" refString="Chandler, P. J. 2001. The flat-footed flies (Diptera: Opetiidae and Platypezidae) of Europe. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 36: 1 - 276. Leiden: Brill." type="journal article" year="2001">Chandler (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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presented a comprehensive phylogenetic scheme for the genera based on adult and larval morphology and reviewed the biology and natural history of
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA3FFDBFC8E3A5A7CE6FCD6" ID-CoL="6262W" box="[804,943,777,801]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platypezidae</taxonomicName>
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in detail. Those genera whose hosts are known mostly breed in fleshy macrofungi, especially mushrooms;
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA3FFDBFB913A1F7BF5FC93" ID-CoL="QMD" box="[1083,1212,844,868]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" genus="Agathomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96CEAACFFA3FFDBFB913A1F7BF5FC93" box="[1083,1212,844,868]" italics="true" pageId="37">Agathomyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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forms galls in bracket fungi. Larvae are stout, broad, somewhat flattened, with each segment usually having pairs of tubercles (lateral pairs can be annulated, fringed, or otherwise elaborate in some taxa). Males are holoptic, have a larger anal lobe, and they swarm, which is how many species are found. The striking color patterns—com-monly with iridescent, reflective patches on a velvety black or brown cuticle—are clearly used for signaling while swarming.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA3FFD8FD663DEE7D77F992" blockId="37.[684,1215,276,1738]" lastBlockId="38.[108,638,1414,1736]" lastPageId="38" pageId="37">
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As presently recognized (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF894B4FFFA3FFDBFC543DEF7BFDFB23" author="Chandler, P. J." box="[1022,1204,1212,1236]" pageId="37" pagination="1 - 276" refId="ref38658" refString="Chandler, P. J. 2001. The flat-footed flies (Diptera: Opetiidae and Platypezidae) of Europe. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 36: 1 - 276. Leiden: Brill." type="journal article" year="2001">Chandler, 2001</bibRefCitation>
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) there are four subfamilies: the basal
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA3FFDBFBF23D8D7DB8FAE0" ID-CoL="89NZR" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Microsaniinae">Microsaniinae</taxonomicName>
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plus
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA3FFDBFC9C3DAC7B40FAE0" box="[822,1033,1279,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Melanderomyiinae">Melanderomyiinae</taxonomicName>
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, and two sister groups that comprise most of the species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA3FFDBFB273C727C50FAAD" ID-CoL="89NWN" authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1841" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Callomyiinae">Callomyiinae</taxonomicName>
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+
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA3FFDBFC913C117C80FAAD" ID-CoL="89P2X" authorityName="Fallén" authorityYear="1815" box="[827,969,1346,1370]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Platypezinae">Platypezinae</taxonomicName>
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. The Palearctic genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA3FFDBFD063C377C03FA8B" ID-CoL="68NW" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1830" box="[684,842,1380,1404]" class="Insecta" family="Opetiidae" genus="Opetia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96CEAACFFA3FFDBFD063C377DBDFA8C" box="[684,756,1380,1403]" italics="true" pageId="37">Opetia</emphasis>
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Meigen
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</taxonomicName>
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is now placed in a separate family,
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA3FFDBFD063CD67C55FA6A" ID-CoL="DMC" box="[684,796,1413,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Opetiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Opetiidae</taxonomicName>
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, along with the recently discovered Chilean genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA3FFDBFCCC3CF57DB1FA17" ID-CoL="89RC3" authority="Amorim et al. (2018)" authorityName="Amorim" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Opetiidae" genus="Puyehuemyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96CEAACFFA3FFDBFCCC3CF57CB2FA49" box="[870,1019,1446,1470]" italics="true" pageId="37">Puyehuemyia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF894B4FFFA3FFDBFBA63CF57DB1FA17" author="Amorim, D. S. & V. C. Silva & B. V. Brown" pageId="37" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref37801" refString="Amorim, D. S., V. C. Silva, and B. V. Brown. 2018. Puyehuemyia chandleri, gen. nov., sp. nov. (Diptera: Opetiidae): remnant of a Cretaceous biota in Chile. American Museum Novitates 3892: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2018">Amorim et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Within
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA3FFDBFCCE3C9B7B4FFA17" ID-CoL="89NZR" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1936" box="[868,1030,1480,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Microsaniinae">Microsaniinae</taxonomicName>
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, the worldwide genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA3FFDBFD5F3CB97CA7F9F6" ID-CoL="5SDF" authority="Zetterstedt" authorityName="Zetterstedt" authorityYear="1837" box="[757,1006,1513,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" genus="Microsania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96CEAACFFA3FFDBFD5F3CB97C24F9F6" box="[757,877,1514,1537]" italics="true" pageId="37">Microsania</emphasis>
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Zetterstedt
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</taxonomicName>
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is well known for being attracted to smoke (reviewed in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF894B4FFFA3FFDBFBFB3F587DAAF9B3" author="Chandler, P. J." pageId="37" pagination="1 - 276" refId="ref38658" refString="Chandler, P. J. 2001. The flat-footed flies (Diptera: Opetiidae and Platypezidae) of Europe. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 36: 1 - 276. Leiden: Brill." type="journal article" year="2001">Chandler, 2001</bibRefCitation>
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; see also
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<bibRefCitation id="EF894B4FFFA3FFDBFCE73F7F7B54F9B3" author="Klocke, D. & A. Schmitz & H. Schmitz" box="[845,1053,1580,1604]" pageId="37" pagination="10 - 14" refId="ref39743" refString="Klocke, D., A. Schmitz, and H. Schmitz. 2011. Fireadaptation in Hypocerides nearcticus Borgmeier and Anabarhynchus hyalipennis hyalipennis Macquart and new notes about the Australian " smoke fly " Microsania australis Collart (Diptera: Phoridae, Therevidae and Platypezidae). Open Entomology Journal 5: 10 - 14." type="journal article" year="2011">Klocke et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
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), although the breeding sites of these flies remain unknown.
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA3FFDBFD063F3C7C35F970" box="[684,892,1647,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Melanderomyiinae">Melanderomyiinae</taxonomicName>
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is monotypic, consisting of
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA3FFDBFD063FC27C94F95E" ID-CoL="3Z6HD" authority="Kessel" authorityName="Kessel" authorityYear="1960" box="[684,989,1681,1705]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" genus="Melanderomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kahli">
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<emphasis id="B96CEAACFFA3FFDBFD063FC27CD8F95E" box="[684,913,1681,1705]" italics="true" pageId="37">Melanderomyia kahli</emphasis>
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Kessel
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</taxonomicName>
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from eastern North America, which breeds in stinkhorn fungi (Phal- lales).
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<bibRefCitation id="EF894B4FFFA0FFD8FF1D3CD57E3BFA68" author="Chandler, P. J." box="[183,370,1414,1439]" pageId="38" pagination="1 - 276" refId="ref38658" refString="Chandler, P. J. 2001. The flat-footed flies (Diptera: Opetiidae and Platypezidae) of Europe. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 36: 1 - 276. Leiden: Brill." type="journal article" year="2001">Chandler (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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proposed six morphological characters to link
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA0FFD8FE6A3CFB7D77FA48" ID-CoL="5SDF" authorityName="Zetterstedt" authorityYear="1837" box="[448,574,1448,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" genus="Microsania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B96CEAACFFA0FFD8FE6A3CFB7D77FA48" box="[448,574,1448,1471]" italics="true" pageId="38">Microsania</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA0FFD8FFC63C9B7E50FA17" ID-CoL="5NCX" authorityName="Kessel" authorityYear="1960" box="[108,281,1480,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" genus="Melanderomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96CEAACFFA0FFD8FFC63C9B7E50FA17" box="[108,281,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="38">Melanderomyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; the molecular phylogeny of
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<bibRefCitation id="EF894B4FFFA0FFD8FFC63CB97E64F9F5" author="Tkoc, M. & A. Tothova & G. Stahls & P. J. Chandler & J. Vanhara" box="[108,301,1514,1538]" pageId="38" pagination="429 - 444" refId="ref41294" refString="Tkoc, M., A. Tothova, G. Stahls, P. J. Chandler, and J. Vanhara. 2017. Molecular phylogeny of flat-footed flies (Diptera: Platypezidae): main clades supported by new morphological evidence. Zoologica Scripta 46: 429 - 444." type="journal article" year="2017">Tkoč et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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proposed that
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<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA0FFD8FE7C3CB97D37F9F5" ID-CoL="5NCX" authorityName="Kessel" authorityYear="1960" box="[470,638,1514,1538]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" genus="Melanderomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96CEAACFFA0FFD8FE7C3CB97D37F9F5" box="[470,638,1514,1538]" italics="true" pageId="38">Melanderomyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the sister group to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA0FFD8FEFF3F587EAFF9D4" ID-CoL="89NWN" authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1841" box="[341,486,1547,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Callomyiinae">Callomyiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
plus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA0FFD8FD883F587FE1F9B3" ID-CoL="89P2X" authorityName="Fallén" authorityYear="1815" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Platypezinae">Platypezinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In most other respects, though, the phylogenetic relationships in both studies agree.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF676636FFA0FFD8FFC13C487C3AFAB8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4613078" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4613078" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4613078/files/figure.png" pageId="38" startId="38.[107,148,1307,1328]" targetBox="[141,1177,227,1278]" targetPageId="38">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA0FFD8FFC13C487C3AFAB8" blockId="38.[107,1209,1305,1359]" pageId="38">
|
||
FIG. 27. Cladogram of fossil and some Recent taxa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA0FFD8FD2F3C4A7C4EFAC6" ID-CoL="6262W" box="[645,775,1305,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platypezidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Numbers refer to synapomorphies in table 2. For characters within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA0FFD8FECE3C647EA2FAB8" ID-CoL="89NWN" authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1841" box="[356,491,1335,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Callomyiinae">Callomyiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA0FFD8FDB53C647DE8FAB8" ID-CoL="89P2X" authorityName="Fallén" authorityYear="1815" box="[543,673,1335,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Platypezinae">Platypezinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B4FFFA0FFD8FD783C647C26FAB8" author="Chandler, P. J." box="[722,879,1335,1359]" pageId="38" pagination="1 - 276" refId="ref38658" refString="Chandler, P. J. 2001. The flat-footed flies (Diptera: Opetiidae and Platypezidae) of Europe. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 36: 1 - 276. Leiden: Brill." type="journal article" year="2001">Chandler, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA0FFD8FF263F3D7BF4F93F" blockId="38.[108,638,1414,1736]" lastBlockId="38.[684,1213,1414,1736]" pageId="38">
|
||
Although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA0FFD8FF503F3D7EC9F971" ID-CoL="6262W" box="[250,384,1646,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platypezidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are uncommon as fossils, there appears to be a significant, extinct phylogenetic diversity of these flies, especially from the Cretaceous. In fact,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B4FFFA0FFD8FC483CD57BF5FA69" author="Mostovski, M." box="[994,1212,1414,1438]" pageId="38" pagination="106 - 118" refId="ref40396" refString="Mostovski, M., 1995 a. New representatives of Platypezidae (Diptera) from the Mesozoic, and main directions in the evolution of the family. Paleontologischeskii Zhurnal 2: 106 - 118." type="journal article" year="1995">Mostovski (1995a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported a surprising diversity and abundance of compression-fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA0FFD8FCD33C9B7CB6FA17" ID-CoL="6262W" box="[889,1023,1480,1504]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platypezidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from several Cretaceous sites in Eurasia, most specimens of which I have restudied (these are housed in the Paleontological Institute, Moscow).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B4FFFA0FFD8FBB23F7F7BF5F9B3" author="Zhang, J-F." box="[1048,1212,1580,1604]" pageId="38" pagination="595 - 603" refId="ref41763" refString="Zhang, J-F. 1987. Four new genera of Platypezidae. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 26: 595 - 603." type="journal article" year="1987">Zhang (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described compression-fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA0FFD8FC5E3F1E7B34F992" ID-CoL="6262W" box="[1012,1149,1613,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platypezidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30F762EFFA0FFD8FD063F3D7DA4F971" box="[684,749,1646,1670]" name="China" pageId="38">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(originally reported as Jurassic, now known to be Early Cretaceous). As
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B4FFFA0FFD8FC473FDC7BF5F950" author="Mostovski, M. B." box="[1005,1212,1679,1703]" pageId="38" pagination="86 - 103" refId="ref40433" refString="Mostovski, M. B. 1995 b. New taxa of ironomyiid flies (Diptera, Phoromorpha, Ironomyiidae) from Cretaceous deposits of Siberia and Mongolia. Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal 4: 86 - 103." type="journal article" year="1995">Mostovski (1995b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned—which I can confirm here for several
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FDC339B27D88FF01" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[617,705,225,246]" pageId="39">TABLE 2</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3026535FFA1FFD6FE2B39AD7E20FC04" lastPageId="40" pageId="39" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FE2B39AD7CEEFEE3" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[385,935,254,276]" pageId="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CEAACFFA1FFD9FE2B39AD7CEEFEE3" bold="true" box="[385,935,254,276]" pageId="39">
|
||
Characters in the cladogram for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA1FFD9FD7B39AD7C18FEE3" box="[721,849,254,276]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platypezidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 27)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC038787D36FEC9" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,639,299,318]" pageId="39">1. Wing shapes sexually dimorphic, male with large anal lobe.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC038157EA8FEAE" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,481,326,345]" pageId="39">2. Sc vein short, less than 0.3× wing length.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC038337DC2FE84" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,651,352,372]" pageId="39">3. Cell cup very small, barely extended beyond apex of cell bm.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC038287ED3FE79" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,410,379,398]" pageId="39">4. Anal lobe of female very narrow.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC038C67EE0FE5E" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,425,405,425]" pageId="39">5. Crossvein dm-cu (cell dm) absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC038E37EBDFE34" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,500,432,452]" pageId="39">6. Aristal portion of antenna thick, 3-articled.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC038987D5EFE29" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,535,459,478]" pageId="39">7. Terminal segment of female abdomen piercing.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC038B57FBCFE0E" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,245,486,505]" pageId="39">8. Eyes setulose.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03B537D5CFDE3" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,533,512,534]" pageId="39">
|
||
9. Vein C not circumambient, ends at apex of M
|
||
<subScript id="179C34FBFFA1FFD9FDA33B597D59FDE1" attach="left" box="[521,528,522,534]" fontSize="5" pageId="39">1</subScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03B487DD1FDD9" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,664,539,561]" pageId="39">
|
||
10. Length of fork of M
|
||
<subScript id="179C34FBFFA1FFD9FE9F3B767E75FDC6" attach="left" box="[309,316,549,561]" fontSize="5" pageId="39">1</subScript>
|
||
-M
|
||
<subScript id="179C34FBFFA1FFD9FEFC3B767E14FDC6" attach="left" box="[342,349,549,561]" fontSize="5" pageId="39">2</subScript>
|
||
less than or equal to length of stem.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03B657E93FDBE" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,474,566,585]" pageId="39">11. Acrostichals reduced to 0, 1, or 2 rows.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03B037E6CFD94" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,293,592,611]" pageId="39">12. Proscutellum lost.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03B387CDCFD89" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,917,619,638]" pageId="39">13. Acrostichals reduced to uniserial row or lost entirely, dorsocentrals in pair of graded rows.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03BD57E1AFD6E" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,339,646,668]" pageId="39">
|
||
14. Vein R
|
||
<subScript id="179C34FBFFA1FFD9FF6E3BC37F82FD6B" attach="none" box="[196,203,656,668]" fontSize="5" pageId="39">1</subScript>
|
||
relatively short.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03BF37DE3FD44" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,682,672,692]" pageId="39">15. M veins reduced (bases or branches lost, or weakly developed).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03BE87D2FFD39" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,614,699,718]" pageId="39">16. Basal flagellomere short, stout, subcircular or reniform.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03B857EA2FD1E" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,491,726,745]" pageId="39">17. Clypeus inflated, face bulging in females.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03BA37E99FCF4" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,464,752,772]" pageId="39">18. Setae on anal lobe and alula flattened.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03A587E34FCE9" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,381,779,801]" pageId="39">
|
||
19. M not forked (vein M
|
||
<subScript id="179C34FBFFA1FFD9FEEC3A467E04FCD6" attach="left" box="[326,333,789,801]" fontSize="5" pageId="39">2</subScript>
|
||
lost).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03A757C43FCCE" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,778,806,828]" pageId="39">
|
||
20. Sclerotized portion of vein C ends at apex of R
|
||
<subScript id="179C34FBFFA1FFD9FDB63A637D6AFCCB" attach="left" box="[540,547,816,828]" fontSize="5" pageId="39">1</subScript>
|
||
, thick, with large spinules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03A137E07FCA4" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,334,832,854]" pageId="39">
|
||
21. M
|
||
<subScript id="179C34FBFFA1FFD9FF363A197FEAFCA1" attach="left" box="[156,163,842,854]" fontSize="5" pageId="39">1</subScript>
|
||
basally incomplete.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03A087DABFC86" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,738,859,881]" pageId="39">
|
||
22. Pterostigma present, large, between Sc and R
|
||
<subScript id="179C34FBFFA1FFD9FDA63A367D5AFC86" attach="left" box="[524,531,869,881]" fontSize="5" pageId="39">1</subScript>
|
||
and distal to apex of R
|
||
<subScript id="179C34FBFFA1FFD9FD713A367DABFC86" attach="right" box="[731,738,869,881]" fontSize="5" pageId="39">1</subScript>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03A257D88FC7E" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,705,886,905]" pageId="39">23. Metabasitarsomere 1-2 or 3 expanded, tarsomere 1 longest on leg.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03AC37D2AFC53" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,611,912,932]" pageId="39">24. More than one metatarsomere expanded in both sexes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03AF87EFEFC2E" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" pageId="39">
|
||
25. Small, dark, sclerotized, bifid scales on tarsi and portions of tibiae (first reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B4FFFA1FFD9FCF73AF87B22FC49" author="Comstock, J. H. & A. B. Comstock" box="[861,1131,939,958]" pageId="39" refId="ref38782" refString="Comstock, J. H., and A. B. Comstock. 1904. A manual for the study of insects. Ithaca NY: Comstock Publishing Company, 4 th ed." type="book" year="1904">Comstock and Comstock, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[p. 474: fig. 579], contra Tkoč et al., 2016).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03AB37BF9FC04" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,1200,992,1012]" pageId="39">26. Crossvein dm-cu close to wing margin, separated by distance ≤2× length of dm-cu, often much closer) (cell dm-cu very long).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03AA87DFFFBF9" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,694,1019,1038]" pageId="39">27. CuA2 straight, forming side of slender, acute triangle of cell cup.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03D457D61FBDE" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,552,1046,1065]" pageId="39">28. Male profemur with posteroventral oxhorn seta.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03D637D3EFBB4" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,631,1072,1092]" pageId="39">29. Male metafemur with large posteroventral seta near base.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03D187D00FBA9" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,585,1099,1118]" pageId="39">30. Metabasitarsomere short, less than length of 2+3+4.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03D357E7CFB8E" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,309,1126,1145]" pageId="39">31. Acrostichals absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03DD37D09FB63" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,576,1152,1172]" pageId="39">32. Female without fronto-orbital or interfrontal setae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03DC87E9DFB59" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,468,1179,1198]" pageId="39">33. Third metatarsomere longer than first.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC03DE57E3FFB3E" blockId="39.[106,1202,225,1225]" box="[106,374,1206,1225]" pageId="39">34. Gena, parafacial areas bare.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD9FFC63C537B25F9B5" blockId="39.[108,637,1280,1734]" lastBlockId="39.[684,1213,1280,1734]" pageId="39">
|
||
in amber (i.e.,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CEAACFFA1FFD9FE873C537ED7FAEF" box="[301,414,1280,1304]" italics="true" pageId="39">Paleopetia</emphasis>
|
||
Zhang)—some of Zhang’s genera are in fact
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA1FFD9FED13C727D45FACE" authorityName="McAlpine & Martin" authorityYear="1966" box="[379,524,1313,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Ironomyiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ironomyiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA1FFD9FD943C727F88FAAD" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platypezidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The typical preservation in these compression fossils is of isolated wings, so venation is the primary source of characters, but in exceptional circumstances there are also preserved wing microtrichia and some body features (e.g., flattened hind tarsomeres, personal obs.). Unfortunately, critical details are never preserved of acrostichals, dorsocentrals, genitalia, bifid scales and other small structures of the legs, etc., so interpretation of these compression fossils is quite limited. Until now the only platypezid in amber from the Cretaceous (Turonian:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49DCF85CFFA1FFD9FE643FFD7D00F931" box="[462,585,1710,1734]" country="United States of America" name="New Jersey" pageId="39">New Jersey</collectingRegion>
|
||
) has been
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA1FFD9FD4C3C537DBCFACE" authority="Grimaldi and Cumming (1999)" authorityName="Grimaldi and Cumming" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" genus="Electrosania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cretica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CEAACFFA1FFD9FD4C3C537CF9FAEF" box="[742,944,1280,1304]" italics="true" pageId="39">Electrosania cretica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B4FFFA1FFD9FC1D3C537DBCFACE" author="Grimaldi, D. A. & J. M. Cumming" pageId="39" pagination="1 - 124" refId="ref39017" refString="Grimaldi, D. A., and J. M. Cumming. 1999. Brachyceran Diptera in Cretaceous ambers and Mesozoic diversification of the Eremoneura. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 239: 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1999">Grimaldi and Cumming (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B4FFFA1FFD9FCAA3C727CF8FACE" author="Chandler, P. J." box="[768,945,1313,1337]" pageId="39" pagination="1 - 276" refId="ref38658" refString="Chandler, P. J. 2001. The flat-footed flies (Diptera: Opetiidae and Platypezidae) of Europe. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica 36: 1 - 276. Leiden: Brill." type="journal article" year="2001">Chandler (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA1FFD9FBFD3C727D87FAAD" authorityName="Grimaldi & Cumming" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" genus="Electrosania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CEAACFFA1FFD9FBFD3C727D87FAAD" italics="true" pageId="39">Electrosania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be an opetiid based on the numerous acrostichals (its single basal aristomere is also unique for the family), but in the cladogram of basal platypezids presented here (fig. 27),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA1FFD9FB223CF67C4BFA29" authorityName="Grimaldi & Cumming" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" genus="Electrosania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CEAACFFA1FFD9FB223CF67C4BFA29" italics="true" pageId="39">Electrosania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of two basalmost stem group genera for the family. In the present work I am reporting four additional platypezid genera and species from the Cretaceous, all in amber.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFA1FFD6FD663F187EF4FDF5" blockId="39.[684,1213,1280,1734]" lastBlockId="40.[108,638,226,1011]" lastPageId="40" pageId="39">
|
||
Surprisingly, fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFA1FFD9FC073F187B73F994" box="[941,1082,1611,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platypezidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been even rarer in the Tertiary, despite the richer deposits from this geological era.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B4FFFA1FFD9FBFB3FDE7DA5F931" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." pageId="39" pagination="53 - 58" refId="ref38692" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. 1909. Descriptions of Tertiary insects. Part V. Some new Diptera. American Journal of Science 27: 53 - 58." type="journal article" year="1909">Cockerell (1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF894B4FFFA1FFD9FD5D3FFD7C64F931" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[759,813,1710,1734]" pageId="39" pagination="71 - 82" refId="ref38724" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. 1911. Fossil insects from Florissant, Colorado [3]. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 30 (6): 71 - 82." type="journal article" year="1911">1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) described two platypezids from the late Eocene shales of Green River and Florissant, and the only platypezid described from the vast deposits of Baltic amber is the controversial
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFAEFFD6FFC638167EACFEAA" authority="(Meunier)" baseAuthorityName="Meunier" box="[108,485,325,349]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" genus="Oppenheimiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baltica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CEAACFFAEFFD6FFC638167E2EFEAA" box="[108,359,325,349]" italics="true" pageId="40">Oppenheimiella baltica</emphasis>
|
||
(Meunier)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, of uncertain family placement since the original description is ambiguous and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A3881CFFAEFFD6FEEA38D47E26FE68" box="[320,367,391,415]" pageId="40">type</typeStatus>
|
||
lost.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFAEFFD6FE0D38DB7D57FE68" authorityName="Zetterstedt" authorityYear="1837" box="[423,542,392,415]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" genus="Microsania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CEAACFFAEFFD6FE0D38DB7D57FE68" box="[423,542,392,415]" italics="true" pageId="40">Microsania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is newly reported herein from Baltic amber, along with two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFAEFFD6FEBB389A7EEEFE16" authorityName="Kessel" authorityYear="1965" box="[273,423,457,481]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" genus="Lindneromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CEAACFFAEFFD6FEBB389A7EEEFE16" box="[273,423,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="40">Lindneromyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Miocene amber from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30F762EFFAEFFD6FF0338B97E06FDF5" box="[169,335,490,514]" name="Dominican Republic" pageId="40">the Dominican</collectingCountry>
|
||
Republic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA736BEFFAEFFD6FF273B587E20FC04" blockId="40.[108,638,226,1011]" pageId="40">
|
||
A phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships for some extinct and basal extant genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFAEFFD6FD883B7F7FECFD92" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Platypezidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is presented in figure 27, based on 54 morphological characters (see table 2). Fossils in the phylogeny are represented only by genera preserved in amber. There is a grade of Cretaceous genera basal to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFAEFFD6FE8A3B817EFBFD1D" authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1841" box="[288,434,722,746]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Callomyiinae">Callomyiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFAEFFD6FE443B817D33FD1D" authorityName="Fallén" authorityYear="1815" box="[494,634,722,746]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Platypezinae">Platypezinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as three Cenozoic fossils in living genera (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFAEFFD6FFDF3A477FA4FCDC" authorityName="Zetterstedt" authorityYear="1837" box="[117,237,788,811]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" genus="Microsania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CEAACFFAEFFD6FFDF3A477FA4FCDC" box="[117,237,788,811]" italics="true" pageId="40">Microsania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Baltic amber, and two species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFAEFFD6FFC63A667E4BFCBA" authorityName="Kessel" authorityYear="1965" box="[108,258,821,845]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" genus="Lindneromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CEAACFFAEFFD6FFC63A667E4BFCBA" box="[108,258,821,845]" italics="true" pageId="40">Lindneromyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Dominican amber). Further, a stem-group genus to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFAEFFD6FEF23A057D49FC99" authorityName="Kessel" authorityYear="1960" box="[344,512,854,878]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" genus="Melanderomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CEAACFFAEFFD6FEF23A057D49FC99" box="[344,512,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="40">Melanderomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFAEFFD6FDB53A047FC7FC78" authorityName="Zetterstedt" authorityYear="1837" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" genus="Microsania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CEAACFFAEFFD6FDB53A047FC7FC78" italics="true" pageId="40">Microsania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in Early Cretaceous amber from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30F762EFFAEFFD6FD953A247FD5FC47" name="Lebanon" pageId="40">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The most surprising discovery is a crown-group platypezine in Burmese amber,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C184D3DFFAEFFD6FFC63A897E58FC05" authority="Grimaldi, 2018" authorityName="Grimaldi" authorityYear="2018" box="[108,273,986,1010]" class="Insecta" family="Platypezidae" genus="Chandleromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96CEAACFFAEFFD6FFC63A897E58FC05" box="[108,273,986,1010]" italics="true" pageId="40">Chandleromyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25F57D7FFAEFFD6FEB53A887E20FC04" box="[287,361,987,1011]" pageId="40" rank="genus">n. gen.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |