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60 KiB
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508 lines
60 KiB
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<mods:title id="F6377CD47C1B915EDD7EAB0524315B76">Lost and Found: Taxonomic revision of the speckled skink (Oligosoma infrapunctatum; Reptilia; Scincidae) species complex from New Zealand reveals a potential cryptic extinction, resurrection of two species, and description of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="615468F7F15FECF35B434084FC627024">Melzer, Sabine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="97A107AAD52DD5B2CD19057B79F5C680">Hitchmough, Rod A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2E1B80765257DB4947E9ED2D6602FC43">Bell, Trent</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3D71FEE91839E6EA0FCD47905DDD36A1">Chapple, David G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5FB26FF80970BC7B865FB2D2736A44A0">Patterson, Geoff B.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0390B574CB052B33FF2EE3DBFC3FFEAF" ID-GBIF-Taxon="158407622" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:246CD250-5A98-4F55-8E0B-1280D5C8681D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0390B574CB052B33FF2EE3DBFC3FFEAF" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="470" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FF2EE3DBFE06F953" bold="true" box="[151,462,1701,1728]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">
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<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB052B37FF2EE3DBFEA1F92C" authority="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson, 2019" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,361,1701,1728]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FF2EE3DBFEA1F92C" bold="true" box="[151,361,1701,1728]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">Oligosoma salmo</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E650BCB052B37FEC9E3DBFE06F953" box="[368,462,1701,1727]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32357E9CB052B37FF2EE3B7FB1AF810" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB052B37FF2EE3B7FEE1F90F" blockId="26.[151,462,1701,1763]" box="[151,297,1737,1763]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">
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<figureCitation id="130218E7CB052B37FF2EE3B7FEE1F90F" box="[151,297,1737,1763]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1970,1995]" captionTargetBox="[169,1362,182,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1417,162,1950]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 7. a) O. salmo holotype, Chesterfield, West Coast of South Island (photo: Jean-Claude Stahl). b), c) Live specimen of O. salmo, Chesterfield, South Island (photo: Dylan van Winkel)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258604/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">Figures 7a, b</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB052B37FF2EE273FECAF8C9" blockId="26.[151,1436,1805,2044]" box="[151,258,1805,1829]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">Synonyms</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB052B37FF2EE252FE28F8A8" blockId="26.[151,1436,1805,2044]" box="[151,480,1835,1860]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">
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<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB052B37FF2EE252FEDCF8A8" box="[151,276,1836,1860]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Leiolopisma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FF2EE252FEDCF8A8" box="[151,276,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">Leiolopisma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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“
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<collectingRegion id="49FDCA80CB052B37FE9DE252FE50F8A8" box="[292,408,1836,1860]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">West Coast</collectingRegion>
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skink”
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB052B37FF7EE235FE7CF88F" blockId="26.[151,1436,1805,2044]" box="[199,436,1866,1891]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FF7EE235FE7CF88F" author="Aviss, M. & Lyall, J." box="[199,436,1866,1891]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" refId="ref24660" refString="Aviss, M. & Lyall, J. (1995) Survey for the " Chesterfield " skink (Leiolopisma sp.) near Hokitika on the West Coast, 7 - 9 March 1995. Threatened Species Occasional Publication No. 8. Threatened Species Unit, Department of Conservation, Wellington, 8 pp." type="book" year="1995">AVISS & LYALL 1995</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB052B37FF2EE217FE61F86D" blockId="26.[151,1436,1805,2044]" box="[151,425,1897,1921]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">
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<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB052B37FF2EE217FE61F86D" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,425,1897,1921]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrapunctatum">
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FF2EE217FE61F86D" box="[151,425,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">Oligosoma infrapunctatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB052B37FF7EE2F6FD5DF84C" blockId="26.[151,1436,1805,2044]" box="[199,661,1928,1952]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FF7EE2F6FE66F84C" author="Greaves, S. N. J. & Chapple, D. G. & Daugherty, C. H. & Gleeson, D. M. & Ritchie, P. A." box="[199,430,1928,1952]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" pagination="853 - 864" refId="ref26147" refString="Greaves, S. N. J., Chapple, D. G., Daugherty, C. H., Gleeson, D. M. & Ritchie, P. A. (2008) Genetic divergences pre-date Pleistocene glacial cycles in the New Zealand speckled skink, Oligosoma infrapunctatum. Journal of Biogeography, 35, 853 - 864. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2007.01848. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
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GREAVES
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FE86E2F7FEBAF84C" box="[319,370,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
; CHAPPLE
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FD96E2F7FD94F84C" box="[559,604,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">et al</emphasis>
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2009
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB052B37FF2EE2D9FDACF853" blockId="26.[151,1436,1805,2044]" box="[151,612,1958,1983]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">
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<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB052B37FF2EE2D9FE19F853" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,465,1958,1983]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrapunctatum">
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FF2EE2D9FECEF853" box="[151,262,1959,1983]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">Oligosoma</emphasis>
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aff.
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FE8CE2D9FE19F853" box="[309,465,1959,1983]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">infrapunctatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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‘Chesterfield’
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB052B37FF7EE2BBFB1AF810" blockId="26.[151,1436,1805,2044]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">
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HITCHMOUGH, R., BULL, L. & CROMARTY, P. 2007;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FC8AE2BBFB97F831" author="Hitchmough, R. A. & Hoare, J. M. & Jamieson, H. & Newman, D. & Tocher, M. D. & Anderson, P. J. & Lettink, M. & Whitaker, A. H." box="[819,1119,1989,2013]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" pagination="203 - 224" refId="ref26527" refString="Hitchmough, R. A., Hoare, J. M., Jamieson, H., Newman, D. Tocher, M. D., Anderson, P. J., Lettink, M. & Whitaker, A. H. (2010) Conservation status of New Zealand reptiles, 2009. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 37 (3), 203 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.2010.496487" type="journal article" year="2010">
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HITCHMOUGH
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FC53E2B8FBE8F831" box="[1002,1056,1989,2013]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">et al.</emphasis>
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2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FBD5E2BBFA51F831" author="Hitchmough, R. & Anderson, P. & Barr, B. & Monks, J. & Lettink, M. & Reardon, J. & Tocher, M. & Whitaker, T." box="[1132,1433,1989,2013]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref26612" refString="Hitchmough, R., Anderson, P., Barr, B., Monks, J., Lettink, M., Reardon, J., Tocher, M. & Whitaker, T. (2013) Conservation status of New Zealand reptiles, 2012. In: New Zealand Threat Classification Series 2. Department of Conservation, Wellington, pp. 1 - 16." type="book chapter" year="2013">
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HITCHMOUGH
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FA9AE2B8FA92F831" box="[1315,1370,1989,2013]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">et al.</emphasis>
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2013
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FF7EE29AFE8AF810" author="Bell, T." box="[199,322,2020,2044]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" pagination="8 - 11" refId="ref24718" refString="Bell, T. (2014) Standardized common names for New Zealand reptiles. BioGecko, 2, 8 - 11." type="journal article" year="2014">BELL 2014</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FEF5E29AFDB1F810" author="Hitchmough, R. A. & Patterson, G. B. & Chapple, D. G." box="[332,633,2019,2044]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" pagination="87 - 108" refId="ref26684" refString="Hitchmough, R. A., Patterson, G. B. & Chapple, D. G. (2016 a) Putting a name to diversity: taxonomy of the New Zealand lizard fauna. In: Chapple, D. G. (Ed.), New Zealand lizards. Springer International Publishing, pp. 87 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 41674 - 8" type="book chapter" year="2016">
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HITCHMOUGH
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FE46E29BFDFBF810" box="[511,563,2020,2044]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">et al.</emphasis>
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2016a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FD3DE29AFC7BF810" author="Hitchmough, R. & Barr, B. & Lettink, M. & Monks, J. & Reardon, J. & Tocher, M. & van Winkel, D. & Rolfe, J." box="[644,947,2019,2044]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref26767" refString="Hitchmough, R., Barr, B., Lettink, M., Monks, J., Reardon, J., Tocher, M., van Winkel, D. & Rolfe, J. (2016 b) Conservation status of New Zealand reptiles, 2015. In: New Zealand Threat Classification Series 17. Department of Conservation, Wellington, pp. 1 - 14." type="book chapter" year="2016">
|
||
HITCHMOUGH
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FC8EE29BFCA2F810" box="[823,874,2020,2044]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2016b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB052B37FC05E29AFB06F810" author="van Winkel, D. & Baling, M. & Hitchmough, R." box="[956,1230,2020,2044]" pageId="26" pageNumber="467" refId="ref29319" refString="van Winkel, D., Baling, M. & Hitchmough, R. (2018) Reptiles and Amphibians of New Zealand: A Field Guide. Auckland University Press, Auckland, 376 pp." type="book" year="2018">
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VAN WINKEL
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB052B37FBE6E29BFB5AF810" box="[1119,1170,2020,2044]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="467">et al.</emphasis>
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||
2018
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF4654EACB042B36FF2EE2CCFC88F807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258604/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="468" startId="27.[151,250,1970,1995]" targetBox="[169,1362,182,1908]" targetPageId="27">
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<paragraph id="8B860462CB042B36FF2EE2CCFC88F807" blockId="27.[151,1437,1970,2027]" pageId="27" pageNumber="468">
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<emphasis id="B94DD870CB042B36FF2EE2CCFEDCF826" bold="true" box="[151,276,1970,1995]" pageId="27" pageNumber="468">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
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a)
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<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB042B36FE84E2CDFE51F826" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[317,409,1970,1994]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo">
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||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB042B36FE84E2CDFE51F826" box="[317,409,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="468">O. salmo</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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holotype, Chesterfield, West Coast of South Island (photo: Jean-Claude Stahl). b), c) Live specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB042B36FF0AE2ADFE52F807" authority=", Chesterfield" authorityName="Chesterfield" box="[179,410,2002,2027]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="27" pageNumber="468" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB042B36FF0AE2ADFEC7F806" box="[179,271,2002,2026]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="468">O. salmo</emphasis>
|
||
, Chesterfield
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, South Island (photo: Dylan van Winkel).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4654EACB032B31FF2EE1C0FDF7FABB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258606/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" startId="28.[151,250,1214,1239]" targetBox="[151,1416,162,1182]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB032B31FF2EE1C0FDF7FABB" blockId="28.[151,1436,1214,1367]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FF2EE1C0FEDAFB3B" bold="true" box="[151,274,1214,1239]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
a) Tail prehensility in subadult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FDE9E1C1FCCAFB3B" authority="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson, 2019" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[592,770,1215,1239]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FDE9E1C1FCCAFB3B" box="[592,770,1215,1239]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">Oligosoma salmo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E650BCB032B31FCBEE1C1FC9FFB3B" box="[775,855,1215,1239]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FCBEE1C1FC9FFB3B" bold="true" box="[775,855,1215,1239]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(61 mm snout-vent; 4.05 g) (photo: Sabine Bernert). This has been observed in many individuals of this species - all those with intact or largely intact tails which have been tested. The grip of the tail on the finger was felt as very firm. b) In this individual (subadult male; 67 mm snout-vent, 6.19 g) the strength of the muscle contraction is shown by the formation of longitudinal ridges in the dorsal scales of the tail, which are normally completely smooth (photo: Lynn Adams).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32357E9CB032B31FF2EE0FFFB78F9EB" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB032B31FF2EE0FFFAF1FA77" blockId="28.[151,1437,1408,2012]" box="[151,1337,1408,1436]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510E3FCB032B31FF2EE0FFFAF1FA77" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2270823845" box="[151,1337,1408,1436]" collectingDate="1994-03-23" collectionCode="NMNZ" collectorName="G. Patterson" latitude="-42.616665" longLatPrecision="1149" longitude="171.08333" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FF2EE0FFFEC3FA77" bold="true" box="[151,267,1409,1435]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BAC0CB032B31FF2EE0FFFECEFA77" box="[151,262,1409,1435]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Chesterfield (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB032B31FE13E0FFFDC5FA77" box="[426,525,1409,1435]" degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" precision="925" value="-42.616665">42º 37’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB032B31FDA3E0FFFD44FA77" box="[538,652,1408,1435]" degrees="171" direction="east" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" precision="925" value="171.08333">171º 05’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB032B31FD18E0FCFD3BFA70" box="[673,755,1410,1436]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE005444, male (coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CC61B4CB032B31FC46E0FFFB44FA70" box="[1023,1164,1409,1436]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">G. Patterson</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC3DB4ACB032B31FB21E0FFFAE4FA77" box="[1176,1324,1409,1436]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" value="1994-03-23">
|
||
<date id="FF8722A2CB032B31FB21E0FFFAE4FA77" box="[1176,1324,1409,1436]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" value="1994-03-23">23 Mar 1994</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB032B31FF7EE0DBFB63F9EB" blockId="28.[151,1437,1408,2012]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510E3FCB032B31FF7EE0DBFD39FA0F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2413160194" collectingDate="1994-03-23" collectionCode="NMNZ" latitude="-42.616665" longitude="171.08333" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FF7EE0DBFE20FA53" bold="true" box="[199,488,1444,1471]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BAC0CB032B31FF7EE0DBFEF7FA53" box="[199,319,1445,1471]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3FCFEBCB032B31FEF6E0DAFE29FA53" box="[335,481,1444,1471]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Chesterfield (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB032B31FD36E0DBFD3BFA53" box="[655,755,1445,1471]" degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" precision="925" value="-42.616665">42º 37’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB032B31FCB8E0DBFCBCFA53" box="[769,884,1444,1471]" degrees="171" direction="east" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" precision="925" value="171.08333">171º 05’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3FCFEBCB032B31FC30E0DBFBD0FA53" box="[905,1048,1445,1471]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB032B31FB9AE0D8FBBDFA2C" box="[1059,1141,1446,1472]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE005445, male;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB032B31FAF3E0D8FA54FA2C" box="[1354,1436,1446,1472]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE005446, male (coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CC61B4CB032B31FE13E0B7FDF3FA08" box="[426,571,1481,1508]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">G. Patterson</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC3DB4ACB032B31FDF2E0B7FD21FA0F" box="[587,745,1481,1508]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" value="1994-03-23">
|
||
<date id="FF8722A2CB032B31FDF2E0B7FD21FA0F" box="[587,745,1481,1508]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" value="1994-03-23">23 Mar 1994</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B510E3FCB032B31FCBBE0B7FB63F9EB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2413160277" collectingDate="1998-01-09" collectionCode="NMNZ" latitude="-42.616665" longitude="171.08333" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">
|
||
<collectorName id="26CC61B4CB032B31FCBBE0B7FC43FA0F" box="[770,907,1481,1507]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">Chesterfield</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB032B31FC27E0B7FBCEFA0F" box="[926,1030,1481,1507]" degrees="42" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" precision="925" value="-42.616665">42º 37’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE0D62A5CB032B31FBAEE0B7FB46FA0F" box="[1047,1166,1480,1507]" degrees="171" direction="east" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" precision="925" value="171.08333">171º 05’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3FCFEBCB032B31FB11E0B7FAF3FA0F" box="[1192,1339,1481,1507]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB032B31FAF3E0B4FA54FA08" box="[1354,1436,1482,1508]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE005364, male;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB032B31FEDBE090FE7CF9E4" box="[354,436,1518,1544]" country="New Zealand" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fg7h-t7tk" name="Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" type="Museum">NMNZ</collectionCode>
|
||
RE005365, female (coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="26CC61B4CB032B31FD6FE090FCBDF9EB" box="[726,885,1517,1544]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">R. van Mierlo</collectorName>
|
||
, P. van Klink,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFC3DB4ACB032B31FBA1E093FB6BF9EB" box="[1048,1187,1517,1544]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" value="1998-01-09">
|
||
<date id="FF8722A2CB032B31FBA1E093FB6BF9EB" box="[1048,1187,1517,1544]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" value="1998-01-09">09 Jan 1998</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB032B31FB15E093FB78F9EB" blockId="28.[151,1437,1408,2012]" box="[1196,1200,1517,1543]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32357E9CB032B31FF7EE36EFEC9F830" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB032B31FF7EE36EFEC9F830" blockId="28.[151,1437,1408,2012]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FF7EE36EFE8AF9C7" bold="true" box="[199,322,1552,1579]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FEF3E36CFE79F9C7" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[330,433,1553,1580]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FEF3E36CFE79F9C7" box="[330,433,1553,1580]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. salmo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from other species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FC76E36CFB68F9C7" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[975,1184,1553,1580]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="infrapunctatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FC76E36CFB68F9C7" box="[975,1184,1553,1580]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. infrapunctatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex by a combination of characters (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130218E7CB032B31FE7EE34BFDEFF9BC" box="[455,551,1589,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1653,1678]" captionTargetBox="[158,1395,227,1555]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[152,1435,194,1632]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. a–j. Notched boxplots comparing the morphological characteristics of the species in the Oligosoma infrapunctatum species group (O. albornense, n=4; O. auroraensis, n=6; O. newmani, n=50; O. robinsoni, n=14; O. salmo, n=5). a) snout-ear (SE)/ear-axilla (EF), b) midbody scales, c) ventral scales, d) upper ciliaries, e) supraciliaries, f) supralabials, g) snout-vent length (SVL)/ hindlimb length (HLL), h) subdigital lamellae, i) axilla-groin (AG)/snout-forelimb (SF), j) head-length (HL)/ head-width (HW). If there is no overlap between two medians, then the medians are significantly different at a 95% confidence interval." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258590/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
a–j). There are statistical differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FB9CE348FB63F9A3" box="[1061,1195,1590,1616]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FB9CE348FB63F9A3" box="[1061,1195,1590,1616]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. newmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FB59E348FA8DF9A3" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[1248,1349,1589,1616]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FB59E348FA8DF9A3" box="[1248,1349,1589,1616]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. salmo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(S-Ear/ EF, VS, upper ciliaries). Compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FDDDE324FD24F99F" box="[612,748,1626,1652]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="newmani">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FDDDE324FD24F99F" box="[612,748,1626,1652]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. newmani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
MS is usually 33 or below whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FB31E324FB26F99F" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[1160,1262,1625,1652]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FB31E324FB26F99F" box="[1160,1262,1625,1652]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. salmo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 33 or above. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FF0FE300FE8BF97B" box="[182,323,1661,1688]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FF0FE300FE8BF97B" box="[182,323,1661,1688]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
SVL/HW is usually 11 or below, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FCFBE300FC60F97B" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[834,936,1661,1688]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FCFBE300FC60F97B" box="[834,936,1661,1688]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. salmo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is 11 or above. There are statistical differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FE86E3DCFE02F957" box="[319,458,1697,1724]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FE86E3DCFE02F957" box="[319,458,1697,1724]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FE46E3DCFDABF957" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[511,611,1697,1724]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FE46E3DCFDABF957" box="[511,611,1697,1724]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. salmo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(VS, subdigital lamellae). The VS count is 69 or below in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FB53E3DCFA87F957" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[1258,1359,1697,1724]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FB53E3DCFA87F957" box="[1258,1359,1697,1724]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. salmo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
versus usually 69 or greater in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FE15E3B8FDF2F933" box="[428,570,1733,1760]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FE15E3B8FDF2F933" box="[428,570,1733,1760]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; supraciliaries 5 only (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FCFCE3B8FC64F933" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[837,940,1733,1760]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FCFCE3B8FC64F933" box="[837,940,1733,1760]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. salmo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) versus usually>
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB032B31FBC3E3BAFB6EF933" box="[1146,1190,1732,1759]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FB16E3B8FAF5F933" box="[1199,1341,1733,1760]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FB16E3B8FAF5F933" box="[1199,1341,1733,1760]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; ventral speckling much more pronounced in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FD8AE394FD77F8EF" box="[563,703,1769,1796]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FD8AE394FD77F8EF" box="[563,703,1769,1796]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FD42E394FCA8F8EF" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[763,864,1769,1796]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FD42E394FCA8F8EF" box="[763,864,1769,1796]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. salmo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There are statistical differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FA81E394FA54F8EF" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[1336,1436,1769,1796]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FA81E394FA54F8EF" box="[1336,1436,1769,1796]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. salmo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FF7EE270FEADF8CB" authority="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson, 2019" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[199,357,1805,1832]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albornense" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FF7EE270FEADF8CB" box="[199,357,1805,1832]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. albornense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E650BCB032B31FED5E273FE0EF8CB" box="[364,454,1805,1831]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FED5E273FE0EF8CB" bold="true" box="[364,454,1805,1831]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(upper ciliaries, HL/HW, S-Ear/EF, VS).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FC20E270FC37F8CB" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[921,1023,1805,1832]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FC20E270FC37F8CB" box="[921,1023,1805,1832]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. salmo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 5 supraciliaries only, versus 6 or more in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FF4FE24CFE5DF8A7" authority="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson, 2019" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[246,405,1841,1868]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albornense" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FF4FE24CFE5DF8A7" box="[246,405,1841,1868]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. albornense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E650BCB032B31FE24E24FFE3FF8A7" box="[413,503,1841,1867]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FE24E24FFE3FF8A7" bold="true" box="[413,503,1841,1867]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FDBFE24CFDA4F8A7" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[518,620,1841,1868]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FDBFE24CFDA4F8A7" box="[518,620,1841,1868]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. salmo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 3 or fewer nuchal scale pairs, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FB80E24CFB10F8A7" authority="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson, 2019" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[1081,1240,1841,1868]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albornense" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FB80E24CFB10F8A7" box="[1081,1240,1841,1868]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. albornense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E650BCB032B31FB59E24FFAF3F8A7" box="[1248,1339,1841,1867]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FB59E24FFAF3F8A7" bold="true" box="[1248,1339,1841,1867]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
has 3 or more nuchal scale pairs. There are statistical differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FCC8E228FC1EF883" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[881,982,1877,1904]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salmo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FCC8E228FC1EF883" box="[881,982,1877,1904]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. salmo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FBB5E228FB7AF883" authority="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson, 2019" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[1036,1202,1878,1904]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FBB5E228FB7AF883" box="[1036,1202,1878,1904]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E650BCB032B31FB00E22BFADAF883" box="[1209,1298,1877,1903]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FB00E22BFADAF883" bold="true" box="[1209,1298,1877,1903]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(VS). It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FEBDE204FE62F87F" authority="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson, 2019" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[260,426,1914,1940]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FEBDE204FE62F87F" box="[260,426,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E650BCB032B31FE09E207FDC1F87F" box="[432,521,1913,1939]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FE09E207FDC1F87F" bold="true" box="[432,521,1913,1939]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FDB6E204FDDFF87F" box="[527,535,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">i</emphasis>
|
||
n having subdigital lamellae usually 21 or above (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FBF9E204FB2FF87F" authority="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson, 2019" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[1088,1255,1914,1940]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FBF9E204FB2FF87F" box="[1088,1255,1914,1940]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E650BCB032B31FB54E207FA8DF87F" box="[1261,1349,1913,1939]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FB54E207FA8DF87F" bold="true" box="[1261,1349,1913,1939]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
) versus usually 20 or below. It appears to have a shorter tail (1.25 TL/SVL versus mean TL/SVL of
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB032B31FB19E2E3FB26F85B" box="[1184,1262,1949,1975]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5052" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" unit="in" value="1.38">1.38 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C397FE1CB032B31FB4CE2E0FA54F85B" authority="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson, 2019" authorityName="Melzer & Hitchmough & Bell & Chapple & Patterson" authorityYear="2019" box="[1269,1436,1950,1976]" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Oligosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroraensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FB4CE2E0FA54F85B" box="[1269,1436,1950,1976]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">O. auroraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27E650BCB032B31FF2EE2BFFF39F837" box="[151,241,1985,2011]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB032B31FF2EE2BFFF39F837" bold="true" box="[151,241,1985,2011]" pageId="28" pageNumber="469">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32357E9CB022B30FF7EE5E6FC2FFD23" pageId="29" pageNumber="470" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB022B30FF7EE5E6FC2FFD23" blockId="29.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB022B30FF7EE5E6FE25FF5F" bold="true" box="[199,493,152,179]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BAC0CB022B30FEC0E5E7FE20FF5F" box="[377,488,153,179]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Habit lacertiform, body elongate, oval in cross-section; limbs well developed, pentadactyl. Lower eyelid with a transparent palpebral disc, bordered on sides and below by small, oblong granules. Snout moderately blunt. Nostril centred in lower middle of nasal, not touching bottom edge of nasal, pointing up and back. Supranasals absent. Rostral broader than deep. Frontonasal broader than long, not separated from frontal by prefrontals meeting in midline. Frontal longer than broad, shorter than frontoparietal and interparietal together, in contact with 2 anteriormost supraoculars. Supraoculars 4, 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB022B30FC91E435FCF0FEB5" attach="left" box="[808,824,331,345]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">nd</superScript>
|
||
largest. Preoculars, 2, upper one larger. Frontoparietals distinct, larger than the interparietal. A pair of parietals meeting behind interparietal and bordered posteriorly by a pair of nuchals and temporals, also in contact with interparietal, frontoparietal, 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB022B30FB90E4EDFBFEFE4D" attach="left" box="[1065,1078,403,417]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">th</superScript>
|
||
supraocular, and 2 postoculars. Loreals 2, anterior one the larger; anterior loreal in contact with 1
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB022B30FCC2E4C6FC4EFE2A" attach="left" box="[891,902,440,454]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">st</superScript>
|
||
and 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB022B30FC75E4C9FC14FE29" attach="left" box="[972,988,439,453]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">nd</superScript>
|
||
supralabial, posterior loreal, prefrontal, frontonasal, and nasal; posterior loreal in contact with 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB022B30FCAFE4A5FCEEFE05" attach="left" box="[790,806,475,489]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">nd</superScript>
|
||
and 3
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB022B30FCD7E4A5FCB4FE05" attach="left" box="[878,892,475,489]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">rd</superScript>
|
||
supralabial, 1
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB022B30FBA7E4A2FBE1FE06" attach="left" box="[1054,1065,476,490]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">st</superScript>
|
||
subocular, upper and lower preocular, prefrontal, and anterior loreal. Supralabials 7, 6
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB022B30FD47E481FCC3FDE1" attach="left" box="[766,779,511,525]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">th</superScript>
|
||
and 7
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB022B30FCF6E481FC94FDE1" attach="left" box="[847,860,511,525]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">th</superScript>
|
||
largest. Infralabials 6, several equally largest. Fifth supralabial below centre of the eye. Temporals: 1 primary; 2 secondary. Ear opening round, moderately large (1.8% as percentage of SVL), with several small projecting granules on anterior margin. Suboculars 8, 3rd and 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB022B30FA99E739FAE5FDB9" attach="left" box="[1312,1325,583,597]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">th</superScript>
|
||
separated by 5
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB022B30FF71E715FF1DFD95" attach="left" box="[200,213,619,633]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">th</superScript>
|
||
supralabial. Mental broader but shallower than rostral. Postmental similar size to mental. Chinshields 3 pairs. Dorsal scales largest, weakly striate. Ventral scales and subdigital lamellae smooth. Adpressed limbs not meeting. Digits moderately long, subcylindrical. Third front digit shorter than the 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C4CA92ACB022B30FC6DE7CDFC29FD2D" attach="none" box="[980,993,691,705]" fontSize="6" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">th</superScript>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32357E9CB022B30FF7EE7A7FBA4F99A" pageId="29" pageNumber="470" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB022B30FF7EE7A7FF34FC6F" blockId="29.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB022B30FF7EE7A7FA54FD1F" bold="true" box="[199,1436,728,755]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">
|
||
Measurements (in mm;
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BAC0CB022B30FE53E7A7FD99FD1F" box="[490,593,729,755]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with the variation shown in the specimens examined in parentheses).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB022B30FF2EE783FF03FCFB" box="[151,203,765,791]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
60.0 (mean 62.2, range 53.8–76.2), HL 8.5 (mean 9.6, range 8.1–12.5), HW 7.8 (mean 6.0, range 4.7–7.8), AG 29.6 (mean 32.4, range 28.1–39.9), SF 23.6 (mean 24.0, range 21.0–20.0), S-Ear 12.2 (mean 12.5, range 10.7– 14.7), EF 11.3 (mean 11.9, range 10.6–15.5), HLL 19.9 (mean 18.7, range 17.0–20.5), D-Ear 1.1 (mean 1.2, range 0.8–1.5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB022B30FF7EE6F2FC69FB07" blockId="29.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB022B30FF7EE6F2FAA1FC4B" bold="true" box="[199,1385,908,935]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">
|
||
Variation (
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BAC0CB022B30FEFEE6F2FE67FC4B" box="[327,431,908,935]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with the variation shown in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5482BAC0CB022B30FC8DE6F2FC61FC4B" box="[820,937,908,935]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
/specimens examined in parentheses).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Upper ciliaries 8 (mean 7, range 5–8); lower ciliaries 10 (mean 9, range 8–10); nuchals 3 pair (mean 2 pairs, range 1–3 pairs); midbody scale rows 35 (mean 33, range 32–35); ventral scale rows 69 (mean 63, range 59–69); subdigital lamellae 19 (mean 19, range 17–22); supraciliaries 5 (mean 5, range 5–5); suboculars 6 (mean 6, range 6–6). Frontonasal usually not separated from frontal by prefrontals meeting in midline. Anterior loreal usually in contact with first and second supralabial, posterior loreal usually in contact with second and third supralabial. Supralabials 7, the sixth the largest. Infralabials 5 or 6 (usual). Projecting scales usually present in ear opening. Maximum
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB022B30FAF3E11BFAB6FB93" box="[1354,1406,1125,1151]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
of preserved specimen
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB022B30FEC7E1F6FE2EFB4F" box="[382,486,1160,1187]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="29" pageNumber="470" unit="mm" value="76.2">76.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; largest measured in field study
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB022B30FCEEE1F7FC63FB4F" box="[855,939,1161,1187]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.3" pageId="29" pageNumber="470" unit="mm" value="83.0">83 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Only 1 of the specimens examined had an intact tail, tail length of intact specimen
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB022B30FDD9E1D2FD7BFB2B" box="[608,691,1196,1223]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="470" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 mm</quantity>
|
||
. TL/
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED289CA7CB022B30FD51E1D3FCD3FB2B" box="[744,795,1197,1223]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">SVL</collectionCode>
|
||
= 1.25. Ratios for morphological measurements (+ SD): AG/SF 1.35 + 0.06; S-Ear/EF 1.06 + 0.1; HL/HW 1.66 + 0.34 (N=5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB022B30FF7EE18AFBA4F99A" blockId="29.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB022B30FF7EE18AFE97FAE3" bold="true" box="[199,351,1268,1295]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">Colouration.</emphasis>
|
||
This is variable among specimens, but the most common colouration is as follows: Mid-dorsal stripe where present not continuous. Dorsal surface mid brown, usually with light and dark flecking, 6 scale rows wide, grading into pale dorsolateral stripe extending from behind ear to base of tail, often becoming indistinct along body. This pale stripe is bordered below by a ½ scale row wide dark brown band, below that a 2-scale wide lighter brown row, notched on upper and lower edges, running from behind nostril through eye towards base of tail and becoming indistinct towards tip of tail. This band may have lighter speckling. Then a darker brown band 1 half-scales wide. This lower dark brown band is bordered below by a pale stripe, 1 to 2 half-scale rows wide running from below the eye, through the ear, above the limbs to become indistinct after the hindlimbs. This band is notched above and below. Soles of feet black. Belly bright yellow, sometimes speckled with darker flecks. Throat pale, speckled. Outer surface of forelimbs brown, speckled with light and dark. Dorsal surface of head with few dark markings. Under surface of tail blotched with pink-orange and black scales on a grey background.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32357E9CB022B30FF7EE3FFFB72F953" pageId="29" pageNumber="470" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB022B30FF7EE3FFFB72F953" blockId="29.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB022B30FF7EE3FFFE86F977" bold="true" box="[199,334,1665,1691]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The scientific name is derived from the Latin for “salmon”, referring to the distinctive colouration on the underside of the tail. The accepted vernacular name is “Chesterfield skink” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB022B30FB83E3DAFB66F953" author="Bell, T." box="[1082,1198,1700,1727]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470" pagination="8 - 11" refId="ref24718" refString="Bell, T. (2014) Standardized common names for New Zealand reptiles. BioGecko, 2, 8 - 11." type="journal article" year="2014">Bell 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32357E9CB022B33FF7EE3B6FC3FFEAF" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="471" pageId="29" pageNumber="470" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB022B30FF7EE3B6FE13F87A" blockId="29.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB022B30FF7EE3B6FEA9F90F" bold="true" box="[199,353,1736,1763]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is recorded from the West Coast of the South Island, in one coastal location only at c.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB022B30FF0AE393FECCF8EB" box="[179,260,1773,1799]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="470" unit="m" value="20.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="0.0">0-40 m</quantity>
|
||
ASL in the 50.01 Hokitika Ecological District. This is a mild, flat to rolling coastal lowland region that was formerly extensively forested and experiences high rainfall. It is currently known to be restricted to exotic grasslands between coastal sand dunes and managed pasture, in which it lives amongst the vegetation and takes refuge underneath logs, driftwood and discarded inorganic material (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB022B30FC1DE227FB66F89F" author="van Winkel, D. & Baling, M. & Hitchmough, R." box="[932,1198,1880,1907]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470" refId="ref29319" refString="van Winkel, D., Baling, M. & Hitchmough, R. (2018) Reptiles and Amphibians of New Zealand: A Field Guide. Auckland University Press, Auckland, 376 pp." type="book" year="2018">
|
||
van Winkel
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB022B30FB96E227FBA1F89E" box="[1071,1129,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Historically, it may have occupied coastal forest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B860462CB022B33FF7EE2DFFC3FFEAF" blockId="29.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1436,153,324]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="471" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB022B30FF7EE2DFFE46F857" bold="true" box="[199,398,1952,1979]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470">Natural History.</emphasis>
|
||
Diurnal, heliothermic but cryptic sun-basker, terrestrial, may also be arboreal. A mediumsized (up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB022B30FE9DE2BAFEBCF833" box="[292,372,1988,2015]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="470" unit="mm" value="85.0">85 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL, usually <
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB022B30FD91E2BAFDB4F833" box="[552,636,1988,2015]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="470" unit="mm" value="75.0">75 mm</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CC1A987CB022B30FD31E2BAFD18F833" box="[648,720,1988,2015]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.05" pageId="29" pageNumber="470" unit="g" value="10.5">10.5 g</quantity>
|
||
) species.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB022B30FC86E2BAFBE7F833" author="Aviss, M. & Lyall, J." box="[831,1071,1988,2015]" pageId="29" pageNumber="470" refId="ref24660" refString="Aviss, M. & Lyall, J. (1995) Survey for the " Chesterfield " skink (Leiolopisma sp.) near Hokitika on the West Coast, 7 - 9 March 1995. Threatened Species Occasional Publication No. 8. Threatened Species Unit, Department of Conservation, Wellington, 8 pp." type="book" year="1995">Aviss & Lyall (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
undertook some surveys for the Chesterfield skink on the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FDCA80CB012B33FE05E5E7FDF7FF5F" box="[444,575,153,179]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="30" pageNumber="471">West Coast</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and R. Hitchmough, L. Moran and L. Adams have undertaken more recent intensive surveys and population studies on this species since c. 2015 (R. Hitchmough, unpub. data). This species is unique in the known
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32E44F2CB012B33FEC7E59FFDDBFF17" box="[382,531,225,251]" name="New Zealand" pageId="30" pageNumber="471">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
skink fauna in having a prehensile tail (R. Hitchmough & L. Moran, pers. comm.;
|
||
<figureCitation id="130218E7CB012B33FF2EE47BFF30FEF3" box="[151,248,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1214,1239]" captionTargetBox="[151,1416,162,1182]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1422,162,1195]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 8. a) Tail prehensility in subadult Oligosoma salmo sp. nov. (61 mm snout-vent; 4.05 g) (photo: Sabine Bernert). This has been observed in many individuals of this species - all those with intact or largely intact tails which have been tested. The grip of the tail on the finger was felt as very firm. b) In this individual (subadult male; 67 mm snout-vent, 6.19 g) the strength of the muscle contraction is shown by the formation of longitudinal ridges in the dorsal scales of the tail, which are normally completely smooth (photo: Lynn Adams)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3258606/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="471">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). The species has relatively slow growth, with first reproduction of females usually at 4 years old. Births have been reported in late summer (early February) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA87993CB012B33FD5FE457FC23FEAF" author="van Winkel, D. & Baling, M. & Hitchmough, R." box="[742,1003,297,323]" pageId="30" pageNumber="471" refId="ref29319" refString="van Winkel, D., Baling, M. & Hitchmough, R. (2018) Reptiles and Amphibians of New Zealand: A Field Guide. Auckland University Press, Auckland, 376 pp." type="book" year="2018">
|
||
van Winkel
|
||
<emphasis id="B94DD870CB012B33FCD6E454FC6FFEAF" box="[879,935,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="471">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |