392 lines
55 KiB
XML
392 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document id="FE21D0BCD568707D9D69EA13D04E1A64" ID-CLB-Dataset="4261" ID-DOI="10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0028" ID-GBIF-Dataset="69cf944a-43de-4eeb-bdd7-3dee10cde70c" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5512220" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1631798300768" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Oliveira, Aline Machado, Powell, Scott & Feitosa, Rodrigo Machado" docDate="2021" docId="038587E5FFE5FFD2FFDFF89FD197FAEB" docLanguage="en" docName="RevBrasilEntomol.65.3.e20210028.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 65 (3), No. e 20210028" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9665-rbent-2021-0028" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0303D37C566E4E2A42C6591146119864.1:RevBrasEntomol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="0303D37C566E4E2A42C6591146119864" docStyleName="RevBrasEntomol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Cephalotes atratus" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFBCFF9DFFF4FFC0FF8CFF91D476FFAA" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic study of the Brazilian turtle ants (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Cephalotes)" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1699449320468" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-ND-4.0">
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<mods:title id="BEB4604DFA8B83D72D5CD3F082F88759">A taxonomic study of the Brazilian turtle ants (Formicidae: Myrmicinae: Cephalotes)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0959C04BCB6DB88A041258C74F85E161">Oliveira, Aline Machado</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="88E50FD8537F38DE18328AA632754993">Powell, Scott</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BEAFA24D624C944A22B22DB44AEE23AE">Feitosa, Rodrigo Machado</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="4DFDAECFE89029330C2787833744838D">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038587E5FFE5FFD2FFDFF89FD197FAEB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512269" ID-GBIF-Taxon="187975353" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5512269" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038587E5FFE5FFD2FFDFF89FD197FAEB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038587E5FFE5FFD2FFDFF89FD197FAEB" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<subSubSection id="C3366578FFE5FFD1FFDFF89FD52EF88B" box="[83,344,1806,1825]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE5FFD1FFDFF89FD52EF88B" blockId="17.[82,756,1806,1985]" box="[83,344,1806,1825]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<heading id="D0DB819FFFE5FFD1FFDFF89FD52EF88B" bold="true" box="[83,344,1806,1825]" fontSize="8" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="6">
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<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFE5FFD1FFDFF89FD52EF88B" bold="true" box="[83,344,1806,1825]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE5FFD1FFDFF89FD4B1F88B" ID-CoL="5XK2K" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[83,199,1806,1825]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">Theatratus</taxonomicName>
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speciesgroup
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3366578FFE5FFD1FFDFF8B8D4BCF896" box="[83,202,1833,1852]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE5FFD1FFDFF8B8D4BCF896" blockId="17.[82,756,1806,1985]" box="[83,202,1833,1852]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13172A76FFE5FFD1FFD7F8B8D4D4F896" box="[91,162,1833,1852]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="18.[113,166,1968,1985]" captionTargetBox="[257,1362,1395,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-760@18.[257,1362,1395,1952]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 17 Workers of atratus group. A and D: C. atratus [CASENT0178627].B and C: C. opacus [CASENT0217839].E: C.serraticeps. F: C. oculatus. G: C.placidus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512271/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 17</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13172A76FFE5FFD1FF27F8B8D4B4F896" box="[171,194,1833,1852]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="19.[83,136,1928,1945]" captionTargetBox="[101,1451,170,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-68@19.[84,1473,151,1897]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 18 Distribution maps ofatratus group in Brazil.White stars:type locality.Black circles:material examined.Red squares:new records.Blue triangles:records not examined from literature. (Literature source: 1, 4, 5, 8, 11, 13, 22, 23, 34, 36, 37, 42, 43, 49, 51, 52, 54, 57, 61, 63, 68, 69, 71, 72, 75)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512273/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">18</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3366578FFE5FFD2FFF5F8D2D765FE1D" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE5FFD2FFF5F8D2D765FE1D" blockId="17.[82,756,1806,1985]" lastBlockId="18.[112,788,153,573]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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The
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE5FFD1FF2FF8D5D49EF8FD" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[163,232,1860,1879]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">atratus</taxonomicName>
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group was proposed for the first time by De Andrade and Baroni Urbani (1999). Before that, the species
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE5FFD1FDB5F8CFD6F8F8DB" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[569,654,1886,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfaroi">C. alfaroi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE5FFD1FD14F8CFD682F8DB" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[664,756,1886,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">C. atratus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE5FFD1FFF0F8E8D48BF826" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[124,253,1913,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serraticeps">C. serraticeps</taxonomicName>
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belonged tothe genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE5FFD1FE54F8E8D635F826" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[472,579,1913,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cephalotes</taxonomicName>
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, while the species
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE5FFD1FFDEF802D4C2F80C" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Spinola" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[82,180,1939,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">C.oculatus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE5FFD1FF32F802D53EF80C" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1920" box="[190,328,1939,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacus">C.opacusandC</taxonomicName>
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.placidus belongedto thegenusEucryptocerus. The species
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE5FFD1FF46F83FD556F86B" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[202,288,1966,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfaroi">C. alfaroi</taxonomicName>
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was not included in this study since it does not occur in
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<collectingCountry id="F33B7663FFE5FFD1FCF6F89FD7C2F88B" box="[890,948,1806,1825]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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. In the morphological phylogeny by De Andrade and Baroni Urbani (1999, see their
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<figureCitation id="13172A76FFE5FFD1FBCBF8B9D0F0F891" box="[1095,1158,1832,1851]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="23.[83,136,1695,1712]" captionTargetBox="[93,737,1092,1669]" captionTargetId="figure-711@23.[80,758,1076,1672]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 24 Distribution map of coffeae group in Brazil.Black circle:material examined. Red square: new record." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512293/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
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), the Central American hamulus group is the sister group of all other groups in
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE5FFD1FB7BF8D2D117F8FC" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1271,1377,1859,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cephalotes</taxonomicName>
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, followed by
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE5FFD1FCB3F8CFD7D1F8DB" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[831,935,1886,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">theatratus</taxonomicName>
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group. In the recent molecular phylogenies (Price et al., 2014, 2016, see their
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<figureCitation id="13172A76FFE5FFD1FC69F8E9D055F821" box="[997,1059,1912,1931]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[113,166,1905,1922]" captionTargetBox="[264,1353,1048,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-111@6.[264,1353,1048,1889]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3 Soldiers of Cephalotes. A: C. decoloratus (pallens group) [CASENT0909299]. B: C. angustus (angustus group) [CASENT0909276]. C: C. basalis (basalis group). D and I: C. minutus (pusillus group) [CASENT0173691]. E: C. quadratus (fiebrigi group) [CASENT0173705]. F and P: C. umbraculatus (umbraculatus group) [CASENT0922582]. G and O: C. targionii (angustus group) [CASENT0173708]. H: C. nilpiei (pinelii group). J: C. borgmeieri (depressus group) [CASENT0173664]. K: C. grandinosus (grandinosus group). L: C.pinelii (pinelii group). M: C. jheringi (fiebrigi group). N: C.clypeatus (clypeatus group) [CASENT0173669]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512226/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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Fig.
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<collectionCode id="ED3DAE36FFE5FFD1FB80F8E9D06EF821" box="[1036,1048,1912,1931]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S</collectionCode>
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3
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</figureCitation>
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) this relationship isinverse, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE5FFD1FAD6F8E9D1B7F826" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1370,1473,1912,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">theatratus</taxonomicName>
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group is the sister-mostgroup in the topology (
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<figureCitation id="13172A76FFE5FFD1FB53F802D168F80C" box="[1247,1310,1939,1958]" captionStart="Figure54" captionStartId="45.[82,133,1642,1659]" captionTargetBox="[84,1473,151,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-167@45.[83,1473,151,1625]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="Figure54 Themaximum cladecredibility treefrom phylogenetic analysesperformed byPriceet al.(2016) basedonmorphologicalandmoleculardata.The tree has beentrimmedtoinclude onlythose species knownfromBrazil.Thelabelsforthespecies groupsfollowour proposals,including thesynonymies,andtheprevious namesforthesynonymized groupsareshown ingrey." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512379/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 54</figureCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE5FFD1FAA2F802D1EEF80C" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1326,1432,1939,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">Theatratus</taxonomicName>
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and hamulus groups share the absenceof the soldier caste in some species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FF06FF0BD4B9FF07" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[138,207,154,173]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">atratus</taxonomicName>
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and all species of hamulus. The species
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FDDEFF0BD6D1FF06" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1890" box="[594,679,153,173]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfaroi">C. alfaroi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FD3EFF0BD77BFF07" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1920" box="[690,781,154,173]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacus">C. opacus</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FF11FF25D556FF6D" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[157,288,180,199]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serraticeps">C. serraticeps</taxonomicName>
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have known soldiers, while the species
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FD3DFF25D77BFF62" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[689,781,180,200]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">C. atratus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FFFDFF5ED4ABFF48" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Spinola" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[113,221,207,226]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">C. oculatus</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FE9AFF5ED5F7FF48" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[278,385,207,226]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placidus">C. placidus</taxonomicName>
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do not have soldiers, as far as we know. Of these, large colony series ofC.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FE3CFF7BD583FF57" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[432,501,234,253]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">atratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
have revealed that while this species certainly lacks morphologically differentiated soldiers and any pronounced allometric morphological scaling, the worker caste is highly variable insize within mature colonies (Corn, 1980). This species is broadly distributed, and frequently collected (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFE6FFD2FDD4FEC5D6EEFECD" box="[600,664,340,359]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="19.[83,136,1928,1945]" captionTargetBox="[101,1451,170,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-68@19.[84,1473,151,1897]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 18 Distribution maps ofatratus group in Brazil.White stars:type locality.Black circles:material examined.Red squares:new records.Blue triangles:records not examined from literature. (Literature source: 1, 4, 5, 8, 11, 13, 22, 23, 34, 36, 37, 42, 43, 49, 51, 52, 54, 57, 61, 63, 68, 69, 71, 72, 75)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512273/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
), and is the second most common species of the genus in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B7663FFE6FFD2FDBFFEFED61AFE28" box="[563,620,367,386]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, after
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FD25FEFED77BFE28" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Klug" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[681,781,367,386]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">C. pusillus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The other species without soldiers are not highly variable in size, and their distribution is more restricted (Amazon/Atlantic Forest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFE6FFD2FD4DFE35D68BFE1D" box="[705,765,420,439]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="19.[83,136,1928,1945]" captionTargetBox="[101,1451,170,1894]" captionTargetId="figure-68@19.[84,1473,151,1897]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 18 Distribution maps ofatratus group in Brazil.White stars:type locality.Black circles:material examined.Red squares:new records.Blue triangles:records not examined from literature. (Literature source: 1, 4, 5, 8, 11, 13, 22, 23, 34, 36, 37, 42, 43, 49, 51, 52, 54, 57, 61, 63, 68, 69, 71, 72, 75)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512273/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig.18</figureCitation>
|
||
)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3366578FFE6FFD2FF1BFE2ED654FD97" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE6FFD2FF1BFE2ED654FD97" blockId="18.[112,788,153,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFE6FFD2FF1BFE2ED577FE78" bold="true" box="[151,257,447,466]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
In workers and soldiers vertexal corners of head, in lateral view, with a pair of spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFE6FFD2FE40FE48D67AFE47" box="[460,524,473,493]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[83,136,1881,1898]" captionTargetBox="[335,1222,538,1865]" captionTargetId="figure-152@5.[335,1222,538,1865]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2 Workers of Cephalotes. A: C. atratus (atratus group) [CASENT0178627]. B: C. depressus (depressus group) [CASENT0173671]. C and F: C. pusillus (pusillus group) [CASENT0173703].D and I:C.pellans (pallens group) [CASENT0173697].E:C.solidus (solidus group).G:C.cordatus (depressus group) [CASENT0922596].H:C.frigidus (angustus group) [UFV-LABECOL-004442]. J: C. basalis (basalis group). K: C. grandinosus (grandinosus group) [CASENT0922544]. L: C. maculatus (pinelii group) [CASENT0909295]. M: C. trichophorus (coffeae group). N and R: C. conspersus (angustus group) [R: CASENT0922530]. O: C. clypeatus (clypeatus group) [CASENT0173669]. P: C. umbraculatus (umbraculatus group) [CASENT0922582]. Q: C. jheringi (fiebrigi group). fle: femoral lamellar expansions. ge: gastral expansions. pd: posterodorsal spine. ple: propodeal lamellar expansions. ps: propodeal spine. pv: posteroventral spine.vle: vertexal lamellar expansions." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512224/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotum always with a pair of long dorsolateral spines; a pair of short median spines can be present in some species, sometimes weakly developed. Postoccipital carinae with ventral expansions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFE6FFD2FE3BFDB8D582FD96" box="[439,500,553,572]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="18.[113,166,1968,1985]" captionTargetBox="[257,1362,1395,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-760@18.[257,1362,1395,1952]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 17 Workers of atratus group. A and D: C. atratus [CASENT0178627].B and C: C. opacus [CASENT0217839].E: C.serraticeps. F: C. oculatus. G: C.placidus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512271/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
a-b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3366578FFE6FFD2FFFDFDE8D1ECFD77" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE6FFD2FFFDFDE8D5B1FD26" blockId="18.[113,786,633,1346]" box="[113,455,633,652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<heading id="D0DB819FFFE6FFD2FFFDFDE8D5B1FD26" bold="true" box="[113,455,633,652]" fontSize="8" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFE6FFD2FFFDFDE8D5B1FD26" bold="true" box="[113,455,633,652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Brazilian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FEB0FDE8D5F3FD26" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[316,389,633,652]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">atratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
group
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE6FFD2FF1BFD05D675FD0C" blockId="18.[113,786,633,1346]" box="[151,515,659,679]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<heading id="D0DB819FFFE6FFD2FF1BFD05D675FD0C" bold="true" box="[151,515,659,679]" fontSize="8" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FF1BFD05D675FD0C" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[151,515,659,679]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFE6FFD2FF1BFD05D675FD0C" bold="true" box="[151,515,659,679]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cephalotes atratus (Linnaeus, 1758)</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE6FFD2FF5DFD3FD6D7FBAB" blockId="18.[113,786,633,1346]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Obsolete combinations:Cryptocerus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FDBAFD3ED60DFD68" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[566,635,687,706]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">atratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FD0AFD3FD6A3FD6B" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[646,725,686,705]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Formica</taxonomicName>
|
||
atrata =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FF6EFD58D6EDFD76" authority="Santschi, 1920" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1920" box="[226,667,713,732]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atratus" subSpecies="crassispina">Cephalotes atratus crassispina Santschi, 1920</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FF6EFD75D5EEFD5D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[226,408,740,759]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">Cephalotes atratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
erectus Kempf, 1951 =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FF6EFD6FD6D1FCB8" authority="Santschi, 1920" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1920" box="[226,679,766,786]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="atratus" subSpecies="nitidiventris">Cephalotes atratus nitidiventris Santschi, 1920</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FF6EFC88D5EEFC86" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[226,408,793,812]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">Cephalotes atratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
quadridens (De Geer, 1773) Obsolete combinations:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FE47FCA5D64FFCED" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[459,569,820,839]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cephalotes</taxonomicName>
|
||
quadridens,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FD4CFCA5D767FCED" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[704,785,820,839]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Formica</taxonomicName>
|
||
quadridens =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FF6EFCF8D5EEFCD6" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[226,408,873,892]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">Cephalotes atratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
rufiventris (Emery, 1894) Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FDBDFC15D600FC3D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[561,630,900,919]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">atratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
rufiventris =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FF6EFC0FD53BFC1B" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[226,333,926,945]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cephalotes</taxonomicName>
|
||
dubitatus (Smith, 1853) Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus dubitatus =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FF6EFC45D61CFC4D" authority="(Fabricius, 1804)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[226,618,980,999]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatus">Cephalotes marginatus (Fabricius, 1804)</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFE6FFD2FDE3FC45D688FC4D" bold="true" box="[623,766,980,999]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26B579AFFE6FFD2FDE3FC45D688FC4D" box="[623,766,980,999]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">new synonym</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FDBDFC7FD6D7FBAB" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[561,673,1006,1025]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatus">marginatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE6FFD2FF1BFB98D6F3FBC6" blockId="18.[113,786,633,1346]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FF1BFB98D551FB9D" authority="(Spinola, 1851) Obsolete" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Spinola" baseAuthorityYear="1851" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFE6FFD2FF1BFB98D676FBB6" bold="true" box="[151,512,1033,1052]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cephalotes oculatus (Spinola, 1851)</emphasis>
|
||
Obsolete
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
combination: Cryptocerus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FDBDFBB5D6F2FB9D" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Spinola" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[561,644,1060,1079]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">oculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FF6EFBAFD53BFBFB" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[226,333,1086,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cephalotes</taxonomicName>
|
||
aethiops (Smith, 1853) Obsolete combination: Cryptocerus aethiops
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE6FFD2FF1BFBE5D62BFB08" blockId="18.[113,786,633,1346]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FF1BFBE5D59DFB2D" authority="Santschi, 1920" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,491,1140,1159]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFE6FFD2FF1BFBE5D59DFB2D" bold="true" box="[151,491,1140,1159]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cephalotes opacus Santschi, 1920</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FF6EFB1FD62BFB08" authority="Santschi, 1929" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1929" box="[226,605,1166,1186]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abdominalis">Cephalotes abdominalis Santschi, 1929</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE6FFD2FF1BFB38D6EDFAA6" blockId="18.[113,786,633,1346]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FF1BFB38D551FB7D" authority="(Smith, 1860) Obsolete" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFE6FFD2FF1BFB38D587FB16" bold="true" box="[151,497,1193,1212]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cephalotes placidus (Smith, 1860)</emphasis>
|
||
Obsolete
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
combination: Cryptocerus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FDBDFB55D6F5FB7D" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[561,643,1220,1239]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placidus">placidus</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FF6EFB4FD53BFB5B" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[226,333,1246,1265]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cephalotes</taxonomicName>
|
||
fenestralis (Smith, 1876) Obsoletecombination: Cryptocerus fenestralis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE6FFD2FF1BFA85D6EAFAEB" blockId="18.[113,786,633,1346]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FF1BFA85D551FAEB" authority="(Smith, 1858) Obsolete" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serraticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFE6FFD2FF1BFA85D67DFA8C" bold="true" box="[151,523,1299,1319]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cephalotes serraticeps (Smith, 1858)</emphasis>
|
||
Obsolete
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
combination: Cryptocerus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FDBDFABFD6EAFAEB" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[561,668,1326,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serraticeps">serraticeps</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE6FFD2FCE9FF0BD0CEFEB7" blockId="18.[830,1506,154,733]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFE6FFD2FCE9FF0BD7ECFF07" bold="true" box="[869,922,154,173]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Note:</emphasis>
|
||
The synapomorphiesso far accepted for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FA9FFF0BD1E2FF07" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[1299,1428,154,173]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatus">C.marginatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
include abundant suberect pilosity onthefirst gastral sternite, instead of sparse as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FCFCFF43D7BAFF4F" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[880,972,210,229]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">C. atratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and median pronotal spines at least with ¼ of the size of the dorsolateral ones, instead of minute or absent as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FA08FF7FD0C2FEB7" authority="(De Andradeand Baroni Urbani, 1999)" baseAuthorityName="De Andradeand Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">C. atratus (De Andradeand Baroni Urbani, 1999)</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE6FFD2FCE9FEB7D0A1FE4B" blockId="18.[830,1506,154,733]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FCE9FEB7D02AFE93" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[869,1116,294,313]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatus">Cephalotes marginatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by Fabricius (1804), synonymized under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FB82FED3D01BFEFF" baseAuthorityName="De Andradeand Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[1038,1133,322,341]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">C. atratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by Klug (1824), and then revived by De Andrade and Baroni Urbani (1999). In the latter study, the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FCCCFEEBD019FE27" authority="Santschi, 1920" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1920" box="[832,1135,378,397]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decemspinosus">C. decemspinosus Santschi, 1920</taxonomicName>
|
||
was synonymizedunder
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FAD5FEEBD1ACFE27" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[1369,1498,378,397]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatus">C.marginatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Kempf (1951) has already argued that the status of this species should be changed, as there were individuals in series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FAA7FE23D1F1FE6F" baseAuthorityName="De Andradeand Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[1323,1415,434,453]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">C. atratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the same characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FBA8FE5FD0A4FE4B" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1920" box="[1060,1234,462,481]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decemspinosus">C. decemspinosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE6FFD2FCE9FE7BD063FD0F" blockId="18.[830,1506,154,733]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
After a careful examination of both species based on specimens from a wide range of distribution, we found great variation of the putative synapomorphic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FB36FDB3D134FD9F" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[1210,1346,546,565]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatus">C. marginatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
among samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FCD4FDAFD7C5FDFB" baseAuthorityName="De Andradeand Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[856,947,574,593]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">C. atratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FC30FDAFD0EAFDFB" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[956,1180,574,593]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatus">Cephalotes marginatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only for the Amazonian arch in South America, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FBE3FDCBD0B8FDC7" baseAuthorityName="De Andradeand Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[1135,1230,602,621]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">C. atratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely distributed from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B7663FFE6FFD2FCB3FDE7D7F3FD23" box="[831,901,630,649]" name="Mexico" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
to north of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33B7663FFE6FFD2FC7DFDE7D039FD23" box="[1009,1103,630,649]" name="Argentina" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
and isone of the most commonly sampled species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FC29FD03D066FD0F" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[933,1040,658,677]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cephalotes</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE6FFD2FCE9FD3FD1ECFD77" blockId="18.[830,1506,154,733]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Therefore, consideringmorphological and geographic evidence, we here propose the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FBE2FD5BD083FD77" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" box="[1134,1269,714,733]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginatus">C. marginatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FAB5FD5BD1E0FD77" baseAuthorityName="De Andradeand Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[1337,1430,714,733]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">C. atratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3366578FFE6FFD2FCB3FC8AD17EFCE3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE6FFD2FCB3FC8AD17EFCE3" blockId="18.[831,1506,794,1346]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFE6FFD2FCB3FC8AD17EFCE3" bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Key to the identification of Brazilian species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FAC7FC8AD1E2FC84" ID-CoL="5XK2K" baseAuthorityName="De Andradeand Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[1355,1428,795,814]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">atratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FCD6FCA7D7BCFCE3" ID-CoL="3KHW" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[858,970,822,841]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cephalotes</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on workers and soldiers
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3366578FFE6FFD2FCB3FCC2D7C0FCCC" box="[831,950,850,870]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE6FFD2FCB3FCC2D7C0FCCC" blockId="18.[831,1506,794,1346]" box="[831,950,850,870]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFE6FFD2FCCBFCC3D7F8FCCC" box="[839,910,850,870]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="18.[113,166,1968,1985]" captionTargetBox="[257,1362,1395,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-760@18.[257,1362,1395,1952]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 17 Workers of atratus group. A and D: C. atratus [CASENT0178627].B and C: C. opacus [CASENT0217839].E: C.serraticeps. F: C. oculatus. G: C.placidus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512271/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
a-g)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3366578FFE6FFD2FCB3FCFED197FAEB" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="key">
|
||
<key id="FFBD61C2FFE6FFD2FCB3FCFED197FAEB" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyStep id="30D82E56FFE6FFD2FCB3FCFED1AAFC7C" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE6FFD2FCB3FCFED1ADFC34" blockId="18.[831,1506,794,1346]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFE6FFD2FCB3FCFED1ADFC34" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
1 In lateral view, eyes positioned ventrally to the antennal scrobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFE6FFD2FCCBFC1BD7E6FC34" box="[839,912,906,926]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="18.[113,166,1968,1985]" captionTargetBox="[257,1362,1395,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-760@18.[257,1362,1395,1952]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 17 Workers of atratus group. A and D: C. atratus [CASENT0178627].B and C: C. opacus [CASENT0217839].E: C.serraticeps. F: C. oculatus. G: C.placidus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512271/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 17a</figureCitation>
|
||
)...................................................................................................................2
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE6FFD2FCB3FC36D1AAFC7C" blockId="18.[831,1506,794,1346]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFE6FFD2FCB3FC36D1AAFC7C" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
1’ In lateral view, eyes positioned posteriorly the antennal scrobes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFE6FFD2FCCBFC53D7E7FC7F" box="[839,913,962,981]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="18.[113,166,1968,1985]" captionTargetBox="[257,1362,1395,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-760@18.[257,1362,1395,1952]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 17 Workers of atratus group. A and D: C. atratus [CASENT0178627].B and C: C. opacus [CASENT0217839].E: C.serraticeps. F: C. oculatus. G: C.placidus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512271/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 17b</figureCitation>
|
||
)..................................................................................................................3
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D82E56FFE6FFD2FCB3FC4ED197FBEF" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE6FFD2FCB3FC4ED197FBA4" blockId="18.[831,1506,794,1346]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFE6FFD2FCB3FC4ED197FBA4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
2 Body shiny. In lateral view, postpetiolar dorsal spines shorter than the subpostpetiolar process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFE6FFD2FBD7FC6BD0D5FBA7" box="[1115,1187,1018,1037]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="18.[113,166,1968,1985]" captionTargetBox="[257,1362,1395,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-760@18.[257,1362,1395,1952]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 17 Workers of atratus group. A and D: C. atratus [CASENT0178627].B and C: C. opacus [CASENT0217839].E: C.serraticeps. F: C. oculatus. G: C.placidus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512271/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 17d</figureCitation>
|
||
).............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FA02FC6BD197FBA4" ID-CoL="5XK2K" baseAuthorityName="De Andradeand Baroni Urbani" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[1422,1505,1018,1038]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFE6FFD2FA02FC6BD197FBA4" bold="true" box="[1422,1505,1018,1038]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C.atratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE6FFD2FCB3FB86D197FBEF" blockId="18.[831,1506,794,1346]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFE6FFD2FCB3FB86D197FBEF" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
2’ Body opaque. In lateral view, postpetiolar dorsal spines longer than the subpostpetiolar process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFE6FFD2FBD7FBA3D0D5FBEC" box="[1115,1187,1074,1094]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="18.[113,166,1968,1985]" captionTargetBox="[257,1362,1395,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-760@18.[257,1362,1395,1952]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 17 Workers of atratus group. A and D: C. atratus [CASENT0178627].B and C: C. opacus [CASENT0217839].E: C.serraticeps. F: C. oculatus. G: C.placidus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512271/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 17e</figureCitation>
|
||
)…............................….
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FAEBFBA3D197FBEF" ID-CoL="69K3M" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[1383,1505,1074,1093]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="serraticeps">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFE6FFD2FAEBFBA3D197FBEF" bold="true" box="[1383,1505,1074,1093]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. serraticeps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D82E56FFE6FFD2FCB3FBDED1AFFB78" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE6FFD2FCB3FBDED196FB30" blockId="18.[831,1506,794,1346]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFE6FFD2FCB3FBDED196FB30" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
3 In dorso-oblique view, dorsal and lateral faces of mesonotum and propodeum meeting in a carina, not necessarily extending to the propodeal spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFE6FFD2FC78FB17D04FFB33" box="[1012,1081,1158,1177]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="18.[113,166,1968,1985]" captionTargetBox="[257,1362,1395,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-760@18.[257,1362,1395,1952]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 17 Workers of atratus group. A and D: C. atratus [CASENT0178627].B and C: C. opacus [CASENT0217839].E: C.serraticeps. F: C. oculatus. G: C.placidus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512271/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 17f</figureCitation>
|
||
)...............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FAF8FB17D196FB30" ID-CoL="69JSC" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Spinola" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[1396,1504,1158,1178]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFE6FFD2FAF8FB17D196FB30" bold="true" box="[1396,1504,1158,1178]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. oculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE6FFD2FCB3FB32D1AFFB78" blockId="18.[831,1506,794,1346]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFE6FFD2FCB3FB32D1AFFB78" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
3’ In dorso-oblique view, dorsal and lateral faces of mesonotum and propodeum continuous, without carina (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFE6FFD2FB41FB2FD160FB78" box="[1229,1302,1214,1234]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="18.[113,166,1968,1985]" captionTargetBox="[257,1362,1395,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-760@18.[257,1362,1395,1952]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 17 Workers of atratus group. A and D: C. atratus [CASENT0178627].B and C: C. opacus [CASENT0217839].E: C.serraticeps. F: C. oculatus. G: C.placidus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512271/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CD49B16FFE6FFD2FB78FB2ED160FB78" box="[1268,1302,1215,1234]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="g" value="17.0">17g</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
)....................................4
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30D82E56FFE6FFD2FCB3FB4AD197FAEB" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE6FFD2FCB3FB4AD197FAA0" blockId="18.[831,1506,794,1346]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFE6FFD2FCB3FB4AD197FAA0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
4 Propodeal spines shorter than the declivous face of propodeum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFE6FFD2FCCBFB67D7F8FAA0" box="[839,910,1270,1290]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="18.[113,166,1968,1985]" captionTargetBox="[257,1362,1395,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-760@18.[257,1362,1395,1952]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 17 Workers of atratus group. A and D: C. atratus [CASENT0178627].B and C: C. opacus [CASENT0217839].E: C.serraticeps. F: C. oculatus. G: C.placidus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512271/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 17c</figureCitation>
|
||
)....................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FA00FB67D197FAA0" ID-CoL="5XJSB" authorityName="Santschi" authorityYear="1920" box="[1420,1505,1270,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="opacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFE6FFD2FA00FB67D197FAA0" bold="true" box="[1420,1505,1270,1290]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C.opacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9336F3FFE6FFD2FCB3FA82D197FAEB" blockId="18.[831,1506,794,1346]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<keyLead id="30DD95C6FFE6FFD2FCB3FA82D197FAEB" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
4’ Propodeal spines longer than the declivous face of propodeum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13172A76FFE6FFD2FCCBFABFD7D1FAE8" box="[839,935,1326,1346]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="18.[113,166,1968,1985]" captionTargetBox="[257,1362,1395,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-760@18.[257,1362,1395,1952]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 17 Workers of atratus group. A and D: C. atratus [CASENT0178627].B and C: C. opacus [CASENT0217839].E: C.serraticeps. F: C. oculatus. G: C.placidus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5512271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5512271/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 17d, e</figureCitation>
|
||
)............................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2C4D70FFE6FFD2FAF0FABFD197FAEB" ID-CoL="5XJSJ" authorityName="Obsolete" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1860" box="[1404,1505,1326,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Cephalotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="placidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B958EAE1FFE6FFD2FAF0FABFD197FAEB" bold="true" box="[1404,1505,1326,1345]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C. placidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</key>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |