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<mods:title id="1E2065BD163CA642B8ACD9A51BD27EA2">Catalogue of the Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="48D2477F9C29800C579A1354CAC04B1C">Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, GPO Box 4646, Darwin, NT 0801, Australia. &amp; Visiting Scientist, CSIRO Land and Water, Private Mail Bag 44, Winnellie, NT 0822, Australia. &amp; University Fellow, Research Institute for Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. thynnini @ outlook. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4101 - 3823</mods:affiliation>
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<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13BFF98D3CF565C6591C31B" box="[151,243,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">vulgaris</emphasis>
(Linnaeus)
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<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13BFF98D3AF563867E2C327" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3922704" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3922704" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C0809A1F-87C2-431C-BA14-548F00D954F9" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[247,640,1878,1905]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F2C052C22133B3FF0594A8D80B7052B6" page="572" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" year="1758">
<taxonomicName id="4CC54D75B13BFF98D3AF563867E2C327" authority="Linnaeus, 1758: 572" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityPageNumber="572" authorityYear="1758" box="[247,640,1878,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13BFF98D3AF563864F8C327" box="[247,410,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Vespa vulgaris</emphasis>
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- “in Europa” (
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female, Linnean Society, London). -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13BFF98D67D563864AEC3C3" author="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargau, A. L. M." page="516" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" year="1836">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13BFF98D67D563864AEC3C3" author="Lepeletier" firstAuthor="Lepeletier" page="516" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" refId="ref41930" refString="Lepeletier de Saint-Fargau, A. L. M. (1836) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes - Hymenopteres. Vol. 1. Roret, Paris, 547 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / t. 173542" type="book" year="1836">Lepeletier, 1836: 516</bibRefCitation>
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(redescription). - de Saussure, 1854: 113. -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13BFF98D08D561461BCC3C3" author="Dalla Torre, K. W." box="[981,1246,1914,1941]" page="157" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" year="1894">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13BFF98D08D561461BCC3C3" author="Dalla Torre" box="[981,1246,1914,1941]" firstAuthor="Dalla Torre" page="157" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" refId="ref30910" refString="Dalla Torre, K. W. (1894) Catalogus Hymenopterorum. Vol. 9. Vespidae (Diploptera). G. Engelmann, Leipzig, 181 pp." type="book" year="1894">Dalla Torre, 1894: 157</bibRefCitation>
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(cat.); 1904: 66 (cat.). -
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13BFF98D2F756F0671BC3EF" author="Buysson, R. du" box="[431,633,1950,1977]" firstAuthor="du Buysson" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" pagination="565 - 634" refId="ref27687" refString="Buysson, R. du (1905 [&quot; 1904 &quot;]) Monographie des guepes ou Vespa. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 73 (3), 565 - 634." type="journal article" year="1905">du Buysson, 1905</bibRefCitation>
[1904]: 603 (resdescription; Europe; Asia;
<collectingCountry id="F3D27666B13BFF98D70656F061D5C3EF" box="[1118,1207,1951,1977]" name="Canada" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Canada</collectingCountry>
). -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13BFF98D78256F060FFC3EF" author="Day, M. C." box="[1242,1437,1950,1977]" page="45" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13BFF98D78256F060FFC3EF" author="Day" box="[1242,1437,1950,1977]" firstAuthor="Day" page="45 - 84" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" pagination="45 - 84" refId="ref31083" refString="Day, M. C. (1979) The species of Hymenoptera described by Linnaeus in the genera Sphex, Chrysis, Vespa, Apis and Mutilla. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 12 (1), 45 - 84. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8312.1979. tb 00049. x" type="journal article" year="1979">Day, 1979: 45-84</bibRefCitation>
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(designation of
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).
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<paragraph id="8B7A36F6B13AFF99D3AF51F86103C4E7" blockId="21.[247,1437,151,1257]" box="[247,1121,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABD511D8B13AFF99D3AF51F86103C4E7" box="[247,1121,151,177]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D3AF51F8670FC4E7" author="Panzer, G. W. F." box="[247,621,151,177]" page="63" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="1799">
<taxonomicName id="4CC54D75B13AFF99D3AF51F8670FC4E7" ID-CoL="5B9ZX" authority="Panzer, 1799: 63" authorityName="Panzer" authorityPageNumber="63" authorityYear="1799" box="[247,621,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexcincta">
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D3AF51F864CAC4E6" box="[247,424,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Vespa sexcincta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D2F751F8670FC4E7" author="Panzer" box="[431,621,151,177]" firstAuthor="Panzer" page="63" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" refId="ref45596" refString="Panzer, G. W. F. (1799) Faunae Insectorum Germaniae initia. oder Deutschlands Insecten. Vol. 6. In den Felseckerschen Buchhandlung, Nurnberg, 63 pp., pl. 2, fig. 1." type="book" year="1799">Panzer, 1799: 63</bibRefCitation>
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, Fig. 1, male - “Viennae Austr.” (destroyed).
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABD511D8B13AFF99D3AF51D466DFC4AF" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D3AF51D46629C483" author="Stolfa, E." box="[247,843,187,213]" page="26" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="1932">
<taxonomicName id="4CC54D75B13AFF99D3AF51D46629C483" ID-CoL="5B9YR" authority="Stolfa, 1932: 26" authorityName="Stolfa" authorityPageNumber="26" authorityYear="1932" box="[247,843,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="vulgaris" variety="pseudogermanica">
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D3AF51D464F8C483" box="[247,410,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Vespa vulgaris</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D29651D467F7C483" box="[462,661,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">pseudogermanica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D1C251D46629C483" author="Stolfa" box="[666,843,187,213]" firstAuthor="Stolfa" page="26" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="24 - 29" refId="ref50822" refString="Stolfa, E. (1932) Il genere Vespa nella Venezia Giulia. Memorie della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 9 (1), 24 - 29." type="journal article" year="1932">Stolfa, 1932: 26</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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(key), female - [
<collectingCountry id="F3D27666B13AFF99D0A751D46155C483" box="[1023,1079,187,213]" name="Italy" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Italy</collectingCountry>
] “Lago superiore di Weissenfels (Tarvisio) ... Senosecchia” (
<typeStatus id="547E8854B13AFF99D1D651B067A2C4AF" box="[654,704,223,249]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">type</typeStatus>
depository unknown).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7A36F6B13AFF99D3AF506C66FEC54B" blockId="21.[247,1437,151,1257]" box="[247,924,259,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABD511D8B13AFF99D3AF506C66FEC54B" box="[247,924,259,285]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<taxonomicName id="4CC54D75B13AFF99D3AF506C6491C54B" ID-CoL="5B9XC" authority="&quot; Schenck" authorityName="Schenck" box="[247,499,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mixta">
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D3AF506C641CC54A" box="[247,382,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Vespa mixta</emphasis>
“Schenck
</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D15B506C6785C54B" author="Edwards, R." box="[515,743,259,285]" page="363" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="1980">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D15B506C6785C54B" author="Edwards" box="[515,743,259,285]" firstAuthor="Edwards" page="363" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" refId="ref31938" refString="Edwards, R. (1980) Social Wasps. Rentokil Ltd., East Grinstead, 398 pp." type="book" year="1980">Edwards, 1980: 363</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D1AA506C66F6C54B" box="[754,916,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Nomen nudum</emphasis>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7A36F6B13AFF99D3AF50486620C76F" blockId="21.[247,1437,151,1257]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABD511D8B13AFF99D3AF50486620C76F" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<taxonomicName id="4CC54D75B13AFF99D3AF504864D2C517" ID-CoL="7G35Z" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[247,432,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D3AF504864D2C517" box="[247,432,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Vespula vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D2E6504867F3C517" author="Bequaert, J." box="[446,657,295,321]" page="68" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="1930">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D2E6504867F3C517" author="Bequaert" box="[446,657,295,321]" firstAuthor="Bequaert" page="68" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="59 - 70" refId="ref26100" refString="Bequaert, J. (1930) On the generic and subgeneric divisions of the Vespinae (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, 25, 59 - 70." type="journal article" year="1930">Bequaert, 1930: 68</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4CC54D75B13AFF99D073504866E0C517" ID-CoL="86KD" authority="Thomson" box="[811,898,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D073504866E0C517" box="[811,898,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Vespula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D0FF504861E5C517" author="Johnston, C. J. R." box="[935,1159,294,321]" page="157" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="1960">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D0FF504861E5C517" author="Johnston" box="[935,1159,294,321]" firstAuthor="Johnston" page="157" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="157" refId="ref38309" refString="Johnston, C. J. R. (1960) A new wasp pest. Householders asked to report its presence. Journal of the Department of Agriculture Victoria, 58, 157." type="journal article" year="1960">Johnston, 1960: 157</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Vic.). - Anon., 1962: 44 (Vic.). -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D2E950246713C533" author="Guiglia, D." box="[433,625,331,357]" page="98" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D2E950246713C533" author="Guiglia" box="[433,625,331,357]" firstAuthor="Guiglia" page="98" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" refId="ref35707" refString="Guiglia, D. (1972) Les guepes sociales (Hymenoptera Vespidae) d'Europe occidentale et septentrionale. Faune de l'Europe et du Bassin Mediterraneen. Vol. 6. Masson et Cie, Paris, viii + 181 pp." type="book" year="1972">Guiglia, 1972: 98</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(key), 112 (in subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4CC54D75B13AFF99D0235024616BC533" ID-CoL="63LF7" authority="Blüthgen, 1938" box="[891,1033,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Paravespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D0235024616BC533" box="[891,1033,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Paravespula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; ethology), Figs XXX 3, 5B, XXXV, pl. I. -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D2FA50006705C5DF" author="Richards, O. W." box="[418,615,367,393]" page="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D2FA50006705C5DF" author="Richards" box="[418,615,367,393]" firstAuthor="Richards" page="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="1 - 132" refId="ref46880" refString="Richards, O. W. (1978) The Australian social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 61, 1 - 132. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 061" type="journal article" year="1978">Richards, 1978: 4</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(key), 6 (Vic.). -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D071501F6145C5DF" author="Olafsson, E." box="[809,1063,367,395]" page="27" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D071501F6145C5DF" author="Olafsson" box="[809,1063,367,395]" firstAuthor="Olafsson" page="27 - 40" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="27 - 40" refId="ref45426" refString="Olafsson, E. (1979) Um geitunga (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) og skyldar gaddvespur a Islandi. Natturufraedingurinn, 49, 27 - 40." type="journal article" year="1979">Ólafsson, 1979: 2740</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(introduced
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). -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D67750006763C5FB" author="Donovan, B. J." page="417" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D67750006763C5FB" author="Donovan" firstAuthor="Donovan" page="417 - 427" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="417 - 427" refId="ref31348" refString="Donovan, B. J. (1984) Occurrence of the common wasp, Vespula vulgaris (L.) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 11, 417 - 427. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1984.10428256" type="journal article" year="1984">Donovan, 1984: 417427</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(introduced
<collectingCountry id="F3D27666B13AFF99D1C950FC664FC5FB" box="[657,813,403,429]" name="New Zealand" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
). -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D00950FC614BC5FB" author="Cardale, J. C." box="[849,1065,402,429]" page="209" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D00950FC614BC5FB" author="Cardale" box="[849,1065,402,429]" firstAuthor="Cardale" page="209" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="150 - 303" refId="ref28558" refString="Cardale, J. C. (1985) Vespoidea and Sphecoidea. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, 2, 150 - 303." type="journal article" year="1985">Cardale, 1985: 209</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4CC54D75B13AFF99D79F50FC6037C5FB" ID-CoL="63LF7" authority="Blüthgen, 1938" box="[1223,1365,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Paravespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D79F50FC6037C5FB" box="[1223,1365,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Paravespula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; cat.). -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D23450D8678EC587" author="Clapperton, B. K. &amp; Moller, H. &amp; Sandlant, G. R." box="[364,748,438,465]" page="315" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D23450D8678EC587" author="Clapperton" box="[364,748,438,465]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Clapperton" page="315 - 323" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="315 - 323" refId="ref30265" refString="Clapperton, B. K., Moller, H. &amp; Sandlant, G. R. (1989) Distribution of social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in New Zealand in 1987. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 16 (3), 315 - 323. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1989.10422896" type="journal article" year="1989">
Clapperton
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D2AC50D86753C587" box="[500,561,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
, 1989: 315-323
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(distr. in
<collectingCountry id="F3D27666B13AFF99D03D50D86166C587" box="[869,1028,439,465]" name="New Zealand" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
), -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D76850D8607FC587" author="Crosland, M. W. J." box="[1072,1309,438,465]" page="375" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D76850D8607FC587" author="Crosland" box="[1072,1309,438,465]" firstAuthor="Crosland" page="375" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="375 - 387" refId="ref30617" refString="Crosland, M. W. J. (1991) The spread of the social wasp, Vespula germanica, in Australia. N ew Zealand Journal of Zoology, 18, 375 - 387. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1991.10422843" type="journal article" year="1991">Crosland, 1991: 375</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(spread in Vic.). -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D2E850B46672C5A3" author="Field, R. P. &amp; Darby, S. M." box="[432,784,475,501]" page="193" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D2E850B46672C5A3" author="Field &amp; Darby" box="[432,784,475,501]" firstAuthor="Field" page="193 - 197" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="193 - 197" refId="ref32169" refString="Field, R. P. &amp; Darby, S. M. (1991) Host specificity of the parasitoid, Sphecophaga vesparum (Curtis) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a potential biological control agent of the social wasps, Vespula germanica (Fabricius) and V. vulgaris (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Australia. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 18 (2), 193 - 197. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1991.10757966" type="journal article" year="1991">Field &amp; Darby, 1991: 193197</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(biocontrol with
<taxonomicName id="4CC54D75B13AFF99D08050B46186C5A2" ID-CoL="6YXPM" baseAuthorityName="Curtis" baseAuthorityYear="1828" box="[984,1252,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Sphecophaga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vesparum">
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D08050B46186C5A2" box="[984,1252,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Sphecophaga vesparum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D65750B46742C64F" author="Carpenter, J. M. &amp; Kojima, J." page="81" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="1997">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D65750B46742C64F" author="Carpenter &amp; Kojima" firstAuthor="Carpenter" page="81" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="51 - 92" refId="ref28939" refString="Carpenter, J. M. &amp; Kojima, J. (1997) Checklist of the species in the subfamily Vespinae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Natural History Bulletin of Ibaraki University, 1, 51 - 92." type="journal article" year="1997">Carpenter &amp; Kojima, 1997: 81</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(list). -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D1D950906638C64F" author="Kojima, J." box="[641,858,511,537]" page="196" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D1D950906638C64F" author="Kojima" box="[641,858,511,537]" firstAuthor="Kojima" page="196" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="7 - 227" refId="ref39791" refString="Kojima, J. (1998) Larvae of social wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera; Vespidae). Natural History Bulletin of Ibaraki University, 2, 7 - 227." type="journal article" year="1998">Kojima, 1998: 196</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, 224, Figs 12881289 (larva). -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D788509064FEC66B" author="Clapperton, B. K." page="11" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D788509064FEC66B" author="Clapperton" firstAuthor="Clapperton" page="11 - 19" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="11 - 19" refId="ref30071" refString="Clapperton, B. K. (1999) Abundance of wasps and prey consumption of paper wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Polistinae) in Northland, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 23 (1), 11 - 19. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1996.9518062" type="journal article" year="1999">Clapperton, 1999: 1119</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(ecology in
<collectingCountry id="F3D27666B13AFF99D171534C67A6C66B" box="[553,708,547,573]" name="New Zealand" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
). -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D1BE534C6126C66B" author="Matthews, R. W. &amp; Goodisman, M. A. D. &amp; Austin, A. D. &amp; Bashford, R." box="[742,1092,547,573]" page="177" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D1BE534C6126C66B" author="Matthews" box="[742,1092,547,573]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Matthews" page="177 - 179" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="177 - 179" refId="ref43023" refString="Matthews, R. W., Goodisman, M. A. D., Austin, A. D. &amp; Bashford, R. (2000) The introduced English wasp Vespula vulgaris (L.) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) newly recorded invading native forests in Tasmania. Australian Journal of Entomology, 39, 177 - 179. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1440 - 6055.2000.00173. x" type="journal article" year="2000">
Matthews
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D004534C66F6C66B" box="[860,916,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
, 2000:177179
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Tas.). -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D7F1534C60FEC66B" author="Bashford, R." box="[1193,1436,547,573]" page="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="2001">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D7F1534C60FEC66B" author="Bashford" box="[1193,1436,547,573]" firstAuthor="Bashford" page="1 - 12" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref25667" refString="Bashford, R. (2001) The spread and impact of the introduced Vespinae wasps Vespula germanica (F.) and Vespula vulgaris (L.) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespinae) in Tasmania. Australian Entomologist, 28, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="2001">Bashford, 2001: 112</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(Tas.). -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D2E553286621C637" author="Masciocchi, M. &amp; Beggs, J. R. &amp; Carpenter, J. M. &amp; Corley, J. C." box="[445,835,583,609]" page="267" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D2E553286621C637" author="Masciocchi" box="[445,835,583,609]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Masciocchi" page="267 - 270" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="267 - 270" refId="ref42899" refString="Masciocchi, M., Beggs, J. R., Carpenter, J. M. &amp; Corley, J. C. (2010) Primer registro de Vespula vulgaris (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) en la Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 69 (3 - 4), 267 - 270." type="journal article" year="2010">
Masciocchi
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D111532867E7C637" box="[585,645,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
, 2010: 267270
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(introduced
<collectingCountry id="F3D27666B13AFF99D0805328612FC637" box="[984,1101,583,609]" name="Argentina" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Argentina</collectingCountry>
). -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D72F532860FFC637" author="Bashford, R." box="[1143,1437,583,609]" page="163" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D72F532860FFC637" author="Bashford" box="[1143,1437,583,609]" firstAuthor="Bashford" page="163 - 169" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="163 - 169" refId="ref25715" refString="Bashford, R. (2010) Development of an insecticide baiting system applicable for the control of exotic ' Vespula' (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) wasp species in Tasmanian forestry operation sites. Australian Entomologist, 37 (4), 163 - 169." type="journal article" year="2010">Bashford, 2010: 163169</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(baiting). -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D280530467C5C6D3" author="Archer, M. E." box="[472,679,619,645]" page="241" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D280530467C5C6D3" author="Archer" box="[472,679,619,645]" firstAuthor="Archer" page="241" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" refId="ref25204" refString="Archer, M. E. (2012) Vespine Wasps of the World. Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, 352 pp." type="book" year="2012">Archer, 2012: 241</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(key), 285, Figs 9.64B, 9.66B, 9.70, 9.71B, 9.72B, 9.73B, 9.74B, 9.75-76, 10.127. -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D17E53E067AFC6FF" author="Vallas, B." box="[550,717,655,681]" page="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D17E53E067AFC6FF" author="Vallas" box="[550,717,655,681]" firstAuthor="Vallas" page="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="1" refId="ref51650" refString="Vallas, B. (2012) Statut et dynamique de Vespula vulgaris (Hymenopteres), une guepe introduite en phase d'invasion sur les hauts sommets de l'ile de Tahiti (Polynesie francaise). Soundbites, July 2012, 1." type="journal article" year="2012">Vallas, 2012: 1</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(introduced Tahiti). -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D09B53E060FFC6FF" author="Barrera Medina, R. &amp; Munoz, C. V." box="[963,1437,655,681]" page="277" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="2013">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D09B53E060FFC6FF" author="Barrera Medina &amp; Munoz" box="[963,1437,655,681]" firstAuthor="Barrera Medina" page="277 - 278" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="277 - 278" refId="ref25761" refString="Barrera Medina, R. &amp; Munoz, C. V. (2013) Primer reporte de Vespula vulgaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) en Chile. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 52, 277 - 278." type="journal article" year="2013">Barrera Medina &amp; Muñoz, 2013: 277278</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(introduced
<collectingCountry id="F3D27666B13AFF99D28753DC6743C69B" box="[479,545,691,717]" name="Chile" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Chile</collectingCountry>
). -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D11B53DC6627C69B" author="Lester, P. J. &amp; Gruber, M. A. M. &amp; Brenton-Rule, E. C. &amp; Archer, M. E. &amp; Corley, J. C. &amp; Dvorak, L. &amp; Masciocchi, M. &amp; Van Oystaeyen, A." box="[579,837,691,717]" page="966" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D11B53DC6627C69B" author="Lester" box="[579,837,691,717]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lester" page="966" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="964 - 974" refId="ref42023" refString="Lester, P. J., Gruber, M. A. M., Brenton-Rule, E. C., Archer, M. E., Corley, J. C., Dvorak, L., Masciocchi, M. &amp; Van Oystaeyen, A. (2014) Determining the origin of invasions and demonstrating a lack of enemy release from microsporidian pathogens in common wasps (Vespula vulgaris). Diversity and Distributions, 20 (8), 964 - 974. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / ddi. 12223" type="journal article" year="2014">
Lester
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D1D753DC67A5C69B" box="[655,711,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
, 2014: 966
</bibRefCitation>
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(possible supercession by
<taxonomicName id="4CC54D75B13AFF99D72953DC6066C69A" ID-CoL="4DHQP" authority="(Fabricius, 1793)" box="[1137,1284,691,716]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Paravespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="germanica">
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D72953DC6066C69A" box="[1137,1284,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">V. germanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingCountry id="F3D27666B13AFF99D67D53DC60F3C69B" box="[1317,1425,691,717]" name="Australia" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Australia</collectingCountry>
). -
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D23353B86732C6A7" author="Perrard" box="[363,592,727,753]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Perrard" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="406 - 425" refId="ref45731" refString="Perrard, A., Lopez-Osorio, F. &amp; Carpenter, J. M. (2016) Phylogeny, landmark analysis and the use of wing venation to study the evolution of social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Vespinae). Cladistics, 32, 406 - 425. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12138" type="journal article" year="2016">
Perrard
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D29F53B86761C6A7" box="[455,515,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
, 2016
</bibRefCitation>
: Figs 23, 78 (phylogenetic relationships). -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D73153B864DBC743" author="Potter-Craven, J. &amp; Kirkpatrick, J. B. &amp; McQuillan, P. B. &amp; Bell, P." page="521" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="2018">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D73153B864DBC743" author="Potter-Craven" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Potter-Craven" page="521 - 532" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="521 - 532" refId="ref46129" refString="Potter-Craven, J., Kirkpatrick, J. B., McQuillan, P. B. &amp; Bell, P. (2018) The effects of introduced vespid wasps (Vespula germanica and V. vulgaris) on threatened native butterfly (Oreixenica ptunarra) populations in Tasmania. Journal of Insect Conservation, 22, 521 - 532. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10841 - 018 - 0081 - 9" type="journal article" year="2018">
Potter-Craven
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D64853B8602EC6A7" box="[1296,1356,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018: 521532
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(conservation impact). -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D18A53946176C743" author="Lester, P. J. &amp; Beggs, J. R." box="[722,1044,762,789]" page="51" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D18A53946176C743" author="Lester &amp; Beggs" box="[722,1044,762,789]" firstAuthor="Lester" page="51 - 71" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="51 - 71" refId="ref41973" refString="Lester, P. J. &amp; Beggs, J. R. (2019) Invasion success and management strategies for social Vespula wasps. Annual Review of Entomology, 64, 51 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev-ento- 011118 - 111812" type="journal article" year="2019">Lester &amp; Beggs, 2019:5171</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(invasion history, impact, control). -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D230527067AAC76F" author="Harrop, T. W. R. &amp; Guhlin, J. &amp; McLaughlin, G. M. &amp; Permina, E. &amp; Stockwell, P. &amp; Gilligan, J. &amp; Le Lec, M. F. &amp; Gruber, M. A. M. &amp; Quinn, O. &amp; Lovegrove, M. &amp; Duncan, E. J. &amp; Remnant, E. J. &amp; Van Eeckhoven, J. &amp; Graham, B. &amp; Knapp, R. A. &amp; Langford, K. W. &amp; Kronenberg, Z. &amp; Press, M. O. &amp; Eacker, S. M. &amp; Wilson-Rankin, E. E. &amp; Purcell, J. &amp; Lester, P. J. &amp; Dearden, P. K." box="[360,712,799,825]" page="3479" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="2020">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D230527067AAC76F" author="Harrop" box="[360,712,799,825]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Harrop" page="3479 - 3488" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="3479 - 3488" refId="ref35989" refString="Harrop, T. W. R., Guhlin, J., McLaughlin, G. M., Permina, E., Stockwell, P., Gilligan, J., Le Lec, M. F., Gruber, M. A. M., Quinn, O., Lovegrove, M., Duncan, E. J., Remnant, E. J., Van Eeckhoven, J., Graham, B., Knapp, R. A., Langford, K. W., Kronenberg, Z., Press, M. O., Eacker, S. M., Wilson-Rankin, E. E., Purcell, J., Lester, P. J. &amp; Dearden, P. K. (2020) High-quality assemblies for three invasive social wasps from the Vespula genus. Genes Genomes Genetics, 10, 3479 - 3488. https: // doi. org / 10.1534 / g 3.120.401579" type="journal article" year="2020">
Harrop
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D2E652706494C76F" box="[446,502,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
, 2020: 34793488
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(genome).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7A36F6B13AFF99D3AF522C61A5C7D7" blockId="21.[247,1437,151,1257]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABD511D8B13AFF99D3AF522C61A5C7D7" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<taxonomicName id="4CC54D75B13AFF99D3AF522C648AC70B" ID-CoL="4DHQR" authorityName="Linnaeus, 1758" box="[247,488,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Paravespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D3AF522C648AC70B" box="[247,488,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Paravespula vulgaris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
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<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D2AE522C678FC70B" author="Bluthgen" box="[502,749,835,861]" firstAuthor="Bluthgen" page="149" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="149 - 158" refId="ref26770" refString="Bluthgen, P. (1943 b) Taxonomische und biologische Notizen uber palaarktische Faltenwespen (Hym. Vespidae). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 104, 149 - 158." type="journal article" year="1943" yearSuffix="b">Blüthgen, 1943b: 149</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D1A1522C663CC70B" author="Bluthgen, P." box="[761,862,835,861]" page="43" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D1A1522C663CC70B" author="Bluthgen" box="[761,862,835,861]" firstAuthor="Bluthgen" page="43" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="1 - 252" refId="ref26801" refString="Bluthgen, P. (1961) Die Faltenwespen Mitteleuropas (Hymenoptera, Diploptera). Abhandlungen der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Klasse fur Chemie, Geologie und Biologie, 1961 (2), 1 - 252. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / 9783112537084" type="journal article" year="1961">1961: 43</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, Fig. 19. -
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D08E522C61F6C70B" author="Archer, M. E." box="[982,1172,835,861]" page="27" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D08E522C61F6C70B" author="Archer" box="[982,1172,835,861]" firstAuthor="Archer" page="27" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="1 - 41" refId="ref25012" refString="Archer, M. E. (1989) A key to the world species of the Vespinae (Hymenoptera). Research Monographs of the College of Ripon &amp; York St. John, 2, 1 - 41, 71" type="journal article" year="1989">Archer, 1989: 27</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(key), 37, Figs 8C, 9C, 10C, 17B, 64B, 66B, 70A, 71B, 72B; 1998: 280 (distr.); 2008: 5-29 (ecology).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7A36F6B13AFF99D3AF52E46726C7BB" blockId="21.[247,1437,151,1257]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABD511D8B13AFF99D3AF52E46726C7BB" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D3AF52E467EDC7F3" author="Eck, R." box="[247,655,907,933]" page="299" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="1998">
<taxonomicName id="4CC54D75B13AFF99D3AF52E467EDC7F3" ID-CoL="7G37J" authority="Eck, 1998: 299" authorityName="Eck" authorityPageNumber="299" authorityYear="1998" box="[247,655,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufosignata">
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D3AF52E464B5C7F3" box="[247,471,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Vespula rufosignata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D2B852E467EDC7F3" author="Eck" box="[480,655,907,933]" firstAuthor="Eck" page="299" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="299 - 302" refId="ref31859" refString="Eck, R. (1998) Eine neue Art der Vespula vulgaris - Gruppe aus Asien (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Reichenbachia, 32 (43), 299 - 302." type="journal article" year="1998">Eck, 1998: 299</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, female,
<location id="8E1A602DB13AFF99D1AF52E46645C7F3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:036C87E0B13BFF99D3CF565C617DC0BF:8E1A602DB13AFF99D1AF52E46645C7F3" box="[759,807,907,933]" country="India" name="Figs" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Figs</location>
1A, C, 2 - “
<collectingCountry id="F3D27666B13AFF99D0ED52E46697C7F3" box="[949,1013,907,933]" name="India" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">India</collectingCountry>
: Kashmir ... Gulmarg,
<quantity id="4C3D9B13B13AFF99D7A052E46032C7F3" box="[1272,1360,907,933]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="2900.0">
<elevation id="00E8D1C5B13AFF99D7A052E46032C7F3" box="[1272,1360,907,933]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="2900.0">2900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
” (
<typeStatus id="547E8854B13AFF99D63252E460FEC7F3" box="[1386,1436,907,933]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">type</typeStatus>
depository not stated; London); also from two other localities. -
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D71E52C0605BC79F" author="Carpenter, J. M." box="[1094,1337,943,969]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="292" refId="ref28786" refString="Carpenter, J. M. (2009) Vespula rufosignata Eck, a synonym of Vespula vulgaris (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Vespinae). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 45, 292." type="journal article" year="2009">Carpenter, 2009: 292</bibRefCitation>
(syn. of
<taxonomicName id="4CC54D75B13AFF99D20F52BC6722C7BB" ID-CoL="4DHQR" authority="(Linnaeus))" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" box="[343,576,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Paravespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D20F52BC64D1C7BB" box="[343,435,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">vulgaris</emphasis>
(Linnaeus))
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7A36F6B13AFF99D3AF5298649FC00F" blockId="21.[247,1437,151,1257]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="ABD511D8B13AFF99D3AF5298649FC00F" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<treatmentCitation id="0A6410E7B13AFF99D3AF529867DFC047" author="Eck, R." box="[247,701,1015,1041]" page="309" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" year="1999">
<taxonomicName id="4CC54D75B13AFF99D3AF529867DFC047" authority="Eck, 1999: 309" authorityName="Eck" authorityPageNumber="309" authorityYear="1999" box="[247,701,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="vulgaris" subSpecies="vetus">
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D3AF52986499C046" box="[247,507,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Vespula vulgaris vetus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D15E529867DFC047" author="Eck" box="[518,701,1015,1041]" firstAuthor="Eck" page="309" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="309 - 342" refId="ref31895" refString="Eck, R. (1999) Zur Populationsgliederung und Zoogeographie von Vespula vulgaris Faktoren der intraspezifschen Merkmalsanderungen (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Entomologische Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde Dresden, 58 (17), 309 - 342." type="journal article" year="1999">Eck, 1999: 309</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 329, female, male - “
<collectingCountry id="F3D27666B13AFF99D09152986173C047" box="[969,1041,1015,1041]" name="China" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">China</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8E1A602DB13AFF99D778529861B3C047" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:036C87E0B13BFF99D3CF565C617DC0BF:8E1A602DB13AFF99D778529861B3C047" box="[1056,1233,1015,1041]" country="China" municipality="Datong-Tal" name="Quinghai Prov." pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Quinghai Prov.</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B1EAC8CB13AFF99D7B852986000C047" box="[1248,1378,1015,1041]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Datong-Tal</collectingMunicipality>
,
<locationDeviation id="9AC82FD4B13AFF99D62A5298677BC063" location="Xinging" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<quantity id="4C3D9B13B13AFF99D62A52986419C063" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" unit="km" value="120.0">120 km</quantity>
NE Xinging
</locationDeviation>
,
<quantity id="4C3D9B13B13AFF99D171557467E4C063" box="[553,646,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.36" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="2360.0">
<elevation id="00E8D1C5B13AFF99D171557467E4C063" box="[553,646,1051,1077]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.36" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" unit="m" value="2360.0">2360 m</elevation>
</quantity>
” (
<typeStatus id="547E8854B13AFF99D1FC5574666AC063" box="[676,776,1051,1077]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
female Dresden); also from five other localities. NEW SYNONYMY.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B7A36F6B13AFF99D3AF550C6179C0F7" blockId="21.[247,1437,151,1257]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
<taxonomicName id="4CC54D75B13AFF99D3AF550C6788C02B" ID-CoL="7FQTR" authority="Dong and Wang, 2003" authorityName="Dong and Wang" authorityYear="2003" box="[247,746,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yunlongensis">
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D3AF550C6485C02B" box="[247,487,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Vespula yunlongensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D2B6550C6788C02B" author="Dong and Wang" box="[494,746,1123,1149]" firstAuthor="Dong" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" pagination="212 - 213" refId="ref31293" refString="Dong, D., He, Y., Wang, Y. &amp; Wang, R. (2003) A new species of Vespula (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) from Yunnan China. Journal of Southwest Agricultural University, 25 (3), 212 - 213. [in Chinese]" type="journal article" year="2003">Dong and Wang, 2003</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D1AD550C6669C02A" box="[757,779,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">in</emphasis>
Dong
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D00E550C66ECC02B" box="[854,910,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
: 212, Fig. 1, female [?] - “
<collectingRegion id="4901F814B13AFF99D7EC550C6052C02B" box="[1204,1328,1123,1149]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">YUNNAN</collectingRegion>
<collectingCountry id="F3D27666B13AFF99D66F550C60F0C02B" box="[1335,1426,1123,1149]" name="China" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">CHINA</collectingCountry>
” (Kunming). -
<bibRefCitation id="EF544B07B13AFF99D2A955E867A9C0F7" author="Tan" box="[497,715,1158,1185]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tan" page="52" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" refId="ref51213" refString="Tan, J. - L., C. van Achterberg &amp; Chen, X. - X. 2015. Potentially Lethal Social Wasps, Fauna of the Chinese Vespinae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Science Press, Beijing, 164 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book" year="2015">
Tan
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D17A55E86738C0F7" box="[546,602,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">et al.</emphasis>
, 2015: 52
</bibRefCitation>
(syn. of
<taxonomicName id="4CC54D75B13AFF99D07655E86175C0F7" ID-CoL="7G35Z" authority="(Linnaeus))" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[814,1047,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="B9B1EAE4B13AFF99D07655E866E8C0F7" box="[814,906,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">vulgaris</emphasis>
(Linnaeus))
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C3DF657DB13AFF99D3AF55C4617DC0BF" pageId="21" pageNumber="472" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B7A36F6B13AFF99D3AF55C4617DC0BF" blockId="21.[247,1437,151,1257]" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">
Distribution: SE coastal; Vic., Tas.; introduced into
<collectingCountry id="F3D27666B13AFF99D06C55C466F9C093" box="[820,923,1195,1221]" name="Australia" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Australia</collectingCountry>
(Vic. 1958, Tas. 1995); native to Eurasia, also introduced into
<collectingCountry id="F3D27666B13AFF99D15155A067C0C0BF" box="[521,674,1231,1257]" name="New Zealand" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3D27666B13AFF99D1F555A06661C0BF" box="[685,771,1231,1257]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Iceland</collectingCountry>
; Tahiti;
<collectingCountry id="F3D27666B13AFF99D00655A066FCC0BF" box="[862,926,1231,1257]" name="Chile" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Chile</collectingCountry>
;
<collectingCountry id="F3D27666B13AFF99D0F055A06179C0BF" box="[936,1051,1231,1257]" name="Argentina" pageId="21" pageNumber="472">Argentina</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>