treatments-xml/data/C6/84/DE/C684DE11795354FD817AB22640146935.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.222.98139" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-222-153" ID-Pensoft-UUID="317CB0C428445513B3C6CA8910EA61A7" ModsDocID="1314-2003-222-153" checkinTime="1679703474838" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Perez, Alvaro J., Tobar, Francisco, Burgess, Kevin S. &amp; Henning, Tilo" docDate="2023" docId="C684DE11795354FD817AB22640146935" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 222: 153-171" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 222" docPubDate="2023-03-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.222.98139" docTitle="Pinguicula jimburensis A. J. Perez, Tobar &amp; T. Henning 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="317CB0C428445513B3C6CA8910EA61A7" lastPageNumber="153" masterDocId="317CB0C428445513B3C6CA8910EA61A7" masterDocTitle="Contributions to Ecuadorian butterworts (Lentibulariaceae, Pinguicula): two new species and a re-evaluation of Pinguicula calyptrata" masterLastPageNumber="171" masterPageNumber="153" pageNumber="153" updateTime="1679703474838" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>Contributions to Ecuadorian butterworts (Lentibulariaceae, Pinguicula): two new species and a re-evaluation of Pinguicula calyptrata</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Perez, Alvaro J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Herbario QCA, Escuela de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Apartado 17 - 01 - 2184, Quito, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Tobar, Francisco</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8172-673X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Area de Investigacion y Monitoreo de Avifauna, Aves y Conservacion-BirdLife en Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador &amp; Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Pasaje Rumipamba 341 y Av. de los Shyris, 170135, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Burgess, Kevin S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, College of Letters &amp; Sciences, Columbus State University, University System of Georgia, 4225 University Ave, Columbus, GA 31907, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Henning, Tilo</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1929-3264</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Muencheberg, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">henningtilo@web.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-03-24</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>222</mods:number>
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<mods:start>153</mods:start>
<mods:end>171</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.222.98139</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.222.98139</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-222-153</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<taxonomicName LSID="C684DE11-7953-54FD-817A-B22640146935" authority="Á. J. Pérez, Tobar &amp; T. Henning" authorityName="A. J. Perez, Tobar &amp; T. Henning" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lentibulariaceae" genus="Pinguicula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinguicula jimburensis" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jimburensis" status="sp. nov.">
Pinguicula jimburensis 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Á.J.Pérez">A.J.Perez</normalizedToken>
, Tobar &amp; T.Henning
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="153">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Pinguicula jimburensis A flowering plant of in lateral view B stands of P. jimburensis at the Lagunas Negras de Jimbura C upper view of the rosette D flower, frontal view E ditto, lateral view F ditto, with yellow spur G young capsule H plant with developing flower bud. (A-H from A. J. Perez et al. 11891). Photos by Kabir Montesinos." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.222.98139.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/829264" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-10-09" collectorName="A. J. Perez" country="Ecuador" county="Canton Espindola" elevation="3400" latitude="-4.7127776" location="Parque Nacional Yacuri" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.43055" municipality="Parroquia Jimbura" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loja" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Loja">Loja</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cantón">Canton</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espíndola">Espindola</normalizedToken>
</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Parroquia Jimbura</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C684DE11795354FD817AB22640146935:D57DBA29F87C91480AF578A53677B912" country="Ecuador" county="Canton Espindola" latitude="-4.7127776" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.43055" municipality="Parroquia Jimbura" name="Parque Nacional Yacuri" stateProvince="Loja">Parque Nacional Yacuri</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C684DE11795354FD817AB22640146935:67E69BDFE7D4BD8D92B80FF5DDBD3A11" country="Ecuador" county="Canton Espindola" latitude="-4.7127776" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.43055" municipality="Parroquia Jimbura" name="Lagunas Negras de Jimbura" stateProvince="Loja">Lagunas Negras de Jimbura</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="04" direction="south" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="46" value="-4.7127776">04°42'46&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="50" value="-79.43055">79°25'50&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="m" value="3400.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="m" value="3400.0">3400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="2022-10-09">9 Oct 2022</collectingDate>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<collectorName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Á">A</normalizedToken>
.J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
et al. 11891
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
QCA (fl, fr, spirit collection) barcode: 245581; isotype 
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Loja">LOJA</collectingRegion>
(fl) barcode: 43489)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. J. Perez, Tobar &amp; T. Henning" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lentibulariaceae" genus="Pinguicula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinguicula jimburensis" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jimburensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Pinguicula jimburensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lentibulariaceae" genus="Pinguicula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinguicula subsp. sect." order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Ampullipalatum">Pinguicula sect. Ampullipalatum</taxonomicName>
and is closely allied to the other North Andean species of the section (
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. calyptrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="calyptrata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. calyptrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ombrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="ombrophila">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. ombrophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. rosmarieae" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="rosmarieae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. rosmarieae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). With the latter two it shares the lack of involute leaf margins, but clearly differs from them in its terrestrial habit (vs. litho-/epiphytic) and morphologically by the oblong leaves (vs. widely ovate to rounded). The flowers of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jimburensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="jimburensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. jimburensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lack a distinct yellow palate, a character shared with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. involuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="involuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. involuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the Peruvian endemic 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. rosmarieae" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="rosmarieae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. rosmarieae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the evenly bent, tooth-like spur is unique among related species. First and foremost, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jimburensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="jimburensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. jimburensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by erect leaves that are shallow and irregularly lobed. This character is, despite a terminological similarity with the leaves of only distantly related 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, unique among all South American taxa.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.222.98139.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/829264" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="A. J. Perez, Tobar &amp; T. Henning" authorityYear="2023" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lentibulariaceae" genus="Pinguicula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinguicula jimburensis" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jimburensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Pinguicula jimburensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">A</emphasis>
flowering plant of in lateral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">B</emphasis>
stands of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jimburensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="jimburensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. jimburensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the Lagunas Negras de Jimbura 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">C</emphasis>
upper view of the rosette 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">D</emphasis>
flower, frontal view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">E</emphasis>
ditto, lateral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">F</emphasis>
ditto, with yellow spur 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">G</emphasis>
young capsule 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">H</emphasis>
plant with developing flower bud. (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">A-H</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Á">A</normalizedToken>
.J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
et al. 11891
</emphasis>
). Photos by Kabir Montesinos.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
Terrestrial, perennial rosette leaved herb with 1 (-2) flowering scapes. Rhizome ~5 mm long, with numerous fibrous roots 1.5-6 cm long. Leaves (4-) 5-7, erect from the ground, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
succulent, red and fussed with green along the medvein, drying dark purple, (15-) 18-52 (-60) mm long 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
(2-) 3-8 (-9) mm width, the blades oblong, rounded at the tip, slightly attenuated to the base into a enveloping petiole, the margins are irregularly shallowly lobed, upper surface of lamina covered with stalked glandular hairs. Hibernacula (winter buds, dormant buds) absent. Scapes 1-2 (-3), erect, (30-) 40-60 (-85) mm tall, terete, filiform (0.5-1 mm thick), one-flowered, red, scattered with stalked glandular hairs. Flowers small, 10-12 (-15) mm long (including tube-spur-complex). Calyx two-lipped, red, upper surface of sepals scattered with stalked glandular hairs; upper lip divided into three nearly equal-sized oblong lobes, at apex pointed; lower lip up to 
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
divided into two lobes, but appearing to be entire. Corolla two-lipped, purple-whitish with white lobes; upper lip two-lobed, lobes obovate, ~4-6 mm long and ~3-4.2 mm wide, shallowly notched at the apex; lower lip larger and longer than the upper lip, with three obovate-oblong lobes (the median lobe somewhat larger than the two lateral ones), ~4.5-6 mm wide, each distinctly (up to 1/3 of its length) notched. Tube (tube-spur-complex) at the throat funnel-shaped, on both sides broader than the spur, on the back side higher than the spur, proximally cylindrical (nearly as long as wide), on the ventral side merging without any sharp angle into the cylindrical to cone-like stubby, carnassial tooth-like, at apex tapered white to yellow spur, ~6 mm long; the tube-spur-complex externally whitish -blue to purple lengthwise-striped by parallel veins. Palate simple, weakly developed (not clapper-like), inserted immediately behind (~1-2 mm) the 
<normalizedToken originalValue="corollas´">corollas'</normalizedToken>
lower-lip middle lobe, blue, set with short-stalked glandular hairs, proximally elongated into a short ventral hair strip; each of the two lateral corolla lobes with short-stalked glandular hairs, stretching proximally along on each side of the inner tube wall. Stamens 2, filaments 1.2-2 mm long, anthers dorsifixed, 1 mm, oval, transverse dehiscing. Ovary 1.2 mm, rounded, slightly covered with short-stalked glandular hairs to glabrescent, style 0.5 mm long, stigma 0.5 mm long, campanulate, glabrous. Capsule 3-4 mm, rounded, slightly covered with short-stalked glandular hairs to glabrescent, splitting in 2 valves. Seed numerous, alveolate, ellipsoid, 0.5-0.8 mm long, yellow. Chromosome number unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">The specific epithet refers to the type locality, Lagunas Negras de Jimbura, which is part of the Yacuri National Park in the Ecuadorian provinces of Loja and Zamora-Chinchipe.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Distribution, habitat and associated vegetation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
Specimens of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jimburensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="jimburensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. jimburensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have so far only been collected around the Lagunas Negras de Jimbura in the Yacuri National Park in the province of Loja. As a result, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jimburensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="jimburensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. jimburensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic and thus far only known growing between the grass and shrubby paramo vegetation around the lagoon complex, especially in swampy areas (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Habitats of the new species and associated P. calyptrata A-C Lagunas Negras de Jimbura A swampy areas between rocks next to the Lagoons where P. jimburensis is found B neighboring stand of P. calyptrata C flower of P. calyptrata, frontal view D-G Reserva Biologica Cerro Plateado D small stand of P. ombrophila growing on a vertical rock face E single plant on top of a rock overhang F rosette of sympatric P. calyptrata G ditto, flower in frontal view. Photos: A-C by Kabir Montesinos; D-G by Alvaro J. Perez." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.222.98139.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/829265" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Map showing the distribution of Pinguicula spp. in Ecuador and illustrating the morphological spectrum of P. calyptrata observed from north to south. The yellow circles mark the respective localities sampled (locality name in italics). The two new species (P. jimburensis = red star, P. ombrophila = green star) are both found at the southern end of Ecuador near the border to Peru and well within the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone (dashed line)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.222.98139.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/829266" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">3</figureCitation>
). According to the 
<bibRefCitation author="Majesky, Ľ" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" refId="B27" refString="Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador (2013) Sistema de Clasificacion de los Ecosistemas del Ecuador Continental.Subsecretaria de Patrimonio Natural, Quito, Ecuador, 232 pp." year="2022">Ministerio del Ambiente del Ecuador (2013)</bibRefCitation>
, this locality lies within a much larger zone dominated by the ecosystem named arbustal siempreverde montano alto del 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
del sur. Inhabitants of this area call this type of vegetation 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“paramillo”">&quot;paramillo&quot;</normalizedToken>
and the environment is characterized by a constant cloudiness and drizzle with strong winds. The vegetation is dominated by the herbs 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Oritrophium" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Oritrophium" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Oritrophium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus lodiculoides" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lodiculoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Paepalanthus lodiculoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Moldenke, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1822" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chusquea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chusquea" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Chusquea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. and 
<taxonomicName class="Lycopodiopsida" family="Lycopodiaceae" genus="Phlegmariurus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phlegmariurus" order="Lycopodiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Phlegmariurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp., between the shrubby vegetation dominated by 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chuquiraga" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chuquiraga jussieui" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jussieui">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Chuquiraga jussieui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
J.F. Gmel., 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Monticalia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Monticalia peruviana" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Monticalia peruviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Pers.) C. Jeffrey and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Miconia" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Miconia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. Additionally, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lentibulariaceae" genus="Pinguicula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinguicula calyptrata" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calyptrata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Pinguicula calyptrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been collected in this locality (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
et al. 8690
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">8755</emphasis>
, QCA; Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Habitats of the new species and associated P. calyptrata A-C Lagunas Negras de Jimbura A swampy areas between rocks next to the Lagoons where P. jimburensis is found B neighboring stand of P. calyptrata C flower of P. calyptrata, frontal view D-G Reserva Biologica Cerro Plateado D small stand of P. ombrophila growing on a vertical rock face E single plant on top of a rock overhang F rosette of sympatric P. calyptrata G ditto, flower in frontal view. Photos: A-C by Kabir Montesinos; D-G by Alvaro J. Perez." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.222.98139.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/829265" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Map showing the distribution of Pinguicula spp. in Ecuador and illustrating the morphological spectrum of P. calyptrata observed from north to south. The yellow circles mark the respective localities sampled (locality name in italics). The two new species (P. jimburensis = red star, P. ombrophila = green star) are both found at the southern end of Ecuador near the border to Peru and well within the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone (dashed line)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.222.98139.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/829266" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">3</figureCitation>
). The border between Ecuador and Peru is only about 3 km in a straight line from the type locality, hence 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jimburensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="jimburensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. jimburensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could also occur in Peru.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.222.98139.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/829265" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Habitats of the new species and associated 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. calyptrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="calyptrata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. calyptrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">A-C</emphasis>
Lagunas Negras de Jimbura 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">A</emphasis>
swampy areas between rocks next to the Lagoons where 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jimburensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="jimburensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. jimburensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">B</emphasis>
neighboring stand of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. calyptrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="calyptrata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. calyptrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">C</emphasis>
flower of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. calyptrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="calyptrata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. calyptrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, frontal view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">D-G</emphasis>
Reserva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
Cerro Plateado 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">D</emphasis>
small stand of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ombrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="ombrophila">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. ombrophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
growing on a vertical rock face 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">E</emphasis>
single plant on top of a rock overhang 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">F</emphasis>
rosette of sympatric 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. calyptrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="calyptrata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. calyptrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">G</emphasis>
ditto, flower in frontal view. Photos: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">A-C</emphasis>
by Kabir Montesinos; 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">D-G</emphasis>
by 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Álvaro">Alvaro</normalizedToken>
J. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.222.98139.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/829266" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Map showing the distribution of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lentibulariaceae" genus="Pinguicula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinguicula" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Pinguicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. in Ecuador and illustrating the morphological spectrum of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. calyptrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="calyptrata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. calyptrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
observed from north to south. The yellow circles mark the respective localities sampled (locality name in italics). The two new species (
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jimburensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="jimburensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. jimburensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
= red star, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ombrophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="ombrophila">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. ombrophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
= green star) are both found at the southern end of Ecuador near the border to Peru and well within the Amotape-Huancabamba Zone (dashed line).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
Only one population of approximately 50 mature individuals of this species was discovered at the type locality at the Yacuri National Park. The habitat is very close to the shore of the Laguna Negra and exposed to human activities related to spiritual rituals. Additionally, the trail that connects the lagoon complex closely passes by the population of this new species. According to the IUCN Red List criteria (
<bibRefCitation author="Humboldt, FWHA" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B21" refString="2022. . https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2022">IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2022</bibRefCitation>
) this species is assessed as Vulnerable (VU, Criterion D2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="affinities">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Affinities.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jimburensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="jimburensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. jimburensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
apparently is a close ally of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. calyptrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="calyptrata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. calyptrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as are all Ecuadorian and Andean taxa. A similar atypical leaf orientation, with erect, elongated leaves can only be found in 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Benj. from Colombia and Venezuela. This strange species is, contrary to traditional placements (
<bibRefCitation author="Ernst, A" journalOrPublisher="Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" pagination="145 - 194" refId="B13" refString="Ernst, A, 1961. Revision der Gattung Pinguicula. Botanische Jahrbuecher fuer Systematik 80: 145 - 194" title="Revision der Gattung Pinguicula." volume="80" year="1961">Ernst 1961</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Casper, SJ" journalOrPublisher="127 / 128, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" refId="B6" refString="Casper, SJ, 1966. Monographie der Gattung Pinguicula L. Bibliotheca Botanica. 127/128, Schweizerbart, Stuttgart" title="Monographie der Gattung Pinguicula L. Bibliotheca Botanica." year="1966">Casper 1966</bibRefCitation>
), not closely related to the other Southern American taxa, but represents an isolated lineage with affinities to Mexican and European clades, as a recent molecular phylogenetic analysis has shown (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252581" author="Shimai, H" journalOrPublisher="Conservation International, Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" refId="B32" refString="Shimai, H, Setoguchi, H, Roberts, DL, Sun, M, 2021. Biogeographical patterns and speciation of the genus Pinguicula (Lentibulariaceae) inferred by phylogenetic analyses. PLoS ONE 16(6): e0252581. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252581" title="Biogeographical patterns and speciation of the genus Pinguicula (Lentibulariaceae) inferred by phylogenetic analyses. PLoS ONE 16 (6): e 0252581." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252581" year="2021">Shimai et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover, the leaves of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jimburensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="jimburensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. jimburensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are only slightly elongated and otherwise flat with a distinct abaxial and adaxial leaf lamina and not involute as the almost filiform leaves of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. elongata" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with the abaxial leaf surface sometimes completely hidden. Furthermore, the leaf margins of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jimburensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="jimburensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. jimburensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are irregularly, shallowly lobed, a unique character among 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lentibulariaceae" genus="Pinguicula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinguicula" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Pinguicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from South America so far. With the lack of a yellow palate and the evenly narrowed spur that resembles the ripper tooth of a predatory mammal in shape, the flowers appear more similar to those of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. involuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="involuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. involuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than to typical flowers of 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. calyptrata" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="calyptrata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. calyptrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The latter is characterized by the presence of a yellow palate and the spur, although very variable, usually has a stubby apex preceded by a narrower or at least straight section that is rather abruptly angled downwards after the throat. Both 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jimburensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="jimburensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. jimburensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. involuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="involuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. involuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lack a yellow palate and the thorn-shaped, regular curved spurs in both taxa are evenly narrowed towards the apex. However, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. involuta" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="involuta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. involuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a very different leaf morphology and is overall a much smaller taxon distributed much further south. 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. jimburensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="jimburensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. jimburensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot be confused with any other American 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lentibulariaceae" genus="Pinguicula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinguicula" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Pinguicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species based on the exceptional leaf morphology and orientation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Additional specimens examined</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
(
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<typeStatus>paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
).
</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2001-09-10" collectingDateMax="2018-10-15" collectingDateMin="2001-09-10" collectorName="P. Lozano, R. Bussmann, G. Salazar" country="Ecuador" county="Canton Espindola" elevation="3550" latitude="-4.7127776" location="Parque Nacional Yacuri" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.43055" municipality="Parroquia Jimbura" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loja">
<collectingCountry name="Ecuador">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Loja">Loja</collectingRegion>
. 
<collectingCounty>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cantón">Canton</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Espíndola">Espindola</normalizedToken>
</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Parroquia Jimbura</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C684DE11795354FD817AB22640146935:B14BC7BE6025015EAE404EDDA1C545CC" country="Ecuador" county="Canton Espindola" latitude="-4.7127776" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.43055" municipality="Parroquia Jimbura" name="Parque Nacional Yacuri" stateProvince="Loja">Parque Nacional Yacuri</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C684DE11795354FD817AB22640146935:FDF1A4D0A693667B3B44F4A4205E4C02" country="Ecuador" county="Canton Espindola" latitude="-4.7127776" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-79.43055" municipality="Parroquia Jimbura" name="Lagunas Negras de Jimbura" stateProvince="Loja">Lagunas Negras de Jimbura</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="04" direction="south" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.7">04°42'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-79.416664">79°25'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" unit="m" value="3550.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" unit="m" value="3550.0">3550 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="2001-09-10">10 Sept 2001</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<collectorName>P. Lozano</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>R. Bussmann</collectorName>
7
</emphasis>
(
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Loja">LOJA</collectingRegion>
, barcode: 31115); ibid, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="04" direction="south" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="46" value="-4.7127776">04°42'46&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="79" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="50" value="-79.43055">79°25'50&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="3.1" unit="m" value="3150.0" valueMax="3200.0" valueMin="3100.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="3.1" unit="m" value="3150.0" valueMax="3200.0" valueMin="3100.0">3100-3200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<collectingDate value="2018-10-15">15 Oct 2018</collectingDate>
(fl), 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<collectorName>G. Salazar</collectorName>
et al. 10191
</emphasis>
(QCNE, barcode: 263036)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="photographic evidence">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Photographic evidence.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/138176370.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>