504 lines
56 KiB
XML
504 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="20210" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7c9655fd-b9df-41bb-a862-e64cc2ed5d1b" ID-PMC="PMC8942965" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1089-37" ID-Pensoft-UUID="275ECAAA285E52C4BF3CCAB4D93C8DE9" ID-PubMed="35586606" ID-ZooBank="7AC63168D7624EB58118FD35110E6EE8" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1089-37" checkinTime="1647487770557" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Tu, Tzu-Hsuan & Dai, Chang-Feng" docDate="2022" docId="0CD547551DAB5D5285C8EEA3FB555287" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1089: 37-51" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1089" docPubDate="2022-03-16" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273" docTitle="Erythropodium taoyuanensis Tu & Dai 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="A83374ED-B308-4C8C-9708-531A5A32840C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" id="275ECAAA285E52C4BF3CCAB4D93C8DE9" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="275ECAAA285E52C4BF3CCAB4D93C8DE9" masterDocTitle="A new species of anthothelid octocoral (Cnidaria, Alcyonacea) discovered on an algal reef of Taiwan" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1732859543224" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="ED8AFB0BBD101E4942CD356B57ADFC10" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C1A1E4DD027891C3AE99F258A259BFC2">
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<mods:title id="ECAAFEF178B5B3F345610E1C97940C8C">A new species of anthothelid octocoral (Cnidaria, Alcyonacea) discovered on an algal reef of Taiwan</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="1A1B5F3D4C113642EE1F2C367DF84F38" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="81068BEE306C05E8EEC5F44C82FF7F09">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B717369311D72A3350006D596E726752">Tu, Tzu-Hsuan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="665FA6E906F0F4C4EAEE0D4F720D673A" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4421-3342</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="6E092B610AB2730758E7948EBF3352F1">Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E38A4BD04562D9CEE7EBF7787A2174E8" type="email">thtu@mail.nsysu.edu.tw</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="D627C797186E71957E027E8365AA4322" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="79F960DEE07E2763CBD7B1DD5643801D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DD61C30C24B72E6BE31C3E1F2C1FD8C9">Dai, Chang-Feng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="84B6901D8724C884D9565A74C2F172AF">Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5802392D94BEC10FD33192A32A657F1A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="82E9D4D598F3DFF27079646FCED371C9">
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<mods:title id="F0085690C77875137A7973DA27C5245B">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="125D9CA003F6214EE67ABBC13A996EFE">
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<mods:date id="7619E3E8BE21237B80178791A0EB4729">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6CBAC09A3D41EF2B30ED4E6F5C5D3E34" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="D50A27D0CD095B0B93A900BF913D28EB">2022-03-16</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="9AA86756EF36B41129B3E31F5FE23811" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="CA8939E9271F2EC05476B1B974D68A56">1089</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="D41FCA46A99A14F07E58555048779739">37</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="102FDAE8C58DEF0CA7A4BA5801DEF378">51</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="F22EDF1CAC60F6BCCFAFBB1A0718101A">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="01ADA85FC053BF06AB0A450F99929C8A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="54A9E1315BD366E8BC939051F9D1D2E6" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5A79D61E8B69A3B4C415642990F0B179" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1089-37</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5B5620382891D3DF1E1194D53DE3952D" type="ZooBank">7AC63168D7624EB58118FD35110E6EE8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FBD921AA5E7C187EEF51463728C087F2" type="Pensoft-UUID">275ECAAA285E52C4BF3CCAB4D93C8DE9</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0CD547551DAB5D5285C8EEA3FB555287" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194050995" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A83374ED-B308-4C8C-9708-531A5A32840C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0CD547551DAB5D5285C8EEA3FB555287" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" scope_class="Anthozoa" scope_family="Anthothelidae" scope_order="Alcyonacea" scope_phylum="Cnidaria" scope_subClass="Octocorallia">
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<subSubSection id="CFAD65DF72A145810974CFAFC1925075" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="26C8C9F30D4675FE2C8BF18E658B821E" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName id="7AA72495BCF79DB2AC251F7C5C74B86F" ID-CoL="8YKPK" LSID="http://zoobank.org/A83374ED-B308-4C8C-9708-531A5A32840C" authority="Tu & Dai, 2022" authorityName="Tu & Dai" authorityYear="2022" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Erythropodium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erythropodium taoyuanensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="taoyuanensis" status="sp. nov.">Erythropodium taoyuanensis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="DEC6F843268325259125FA0FE3391F16" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="6E68218C905EC804BDC0F0BB420EC843" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FBD83435597D4E02D35EF461C5E492B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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||
<figureCitation id="1A9279170CBCFD99B25089D77BF40C9C" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Erythropodium taoyuanensis sp. nov. a intertidal population in situ b close-up of a c, d contracted polyps in situ e holotype (NMMB-CR 000148) in preserved state f paratype (NMMB-CR 000149) in preserved state." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/659356" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="98723D3BE344DEEF32AE07F411C8ABBF" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Erythropodium taoyuanensis, holotype, NMMB-CR 000148 a sclerites of the polyp b sclerites of the polyp wall c sclerites of the cortex." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/659357" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">, 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="63155EDA60B35CF5E09E2EABEE5D76F3" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Erythropodium taoyuanensis, paratype, OCT 133 NMMB-CR 000149 a sclerites of the polyp b sclerites of the polyp wall c sclerites of the cortex." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/659358" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">, 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="C20DE874BD501CDC107B3705F8D04640" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Erythropodium taoyuanensis, NMMB-CR 000151 a sclerites of the polyp b sclerites of the polyp wall c sclerites of the cortex d fused sclerites in the cortex." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/659359" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">, 4</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="CF057F9E9954C73821F6CCFB4B01D773" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="91D96964C18B61CD141C35D477038B22" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E4013A6D4981A630F91443331596B1E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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<materialsCitation id="3F8A60480C5C26DC5AC96E6BF3E311F4" accessionNumber="OK480042, OK483343, OK482879" collectingDate="2021-06-24" collectorName="T. - H. Tu, E. - J. Lin, GenBank" country="Taiwan" latitude="25.035513" location="Datan Algal Reef" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="121.048904" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Taoyuan" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis id="4D7CE3F08BE6A99A4360832A4EDD6236" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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||
<emphasis id="76801ED44D2C948BA39031A52DF79E08" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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<typeStatus id="139DB6AE0115A61478E85F83603696D8">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="65DC09638D5A8588737F4BC343D38D26" name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="D8624FF813D1E99408EA111AE01467CC" country="Taiwan" name="Taoyuan">Taoyuan</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="5AB6809312F383B069724881A30E547B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0CD547551DAB5D5285C8EEA3FB555287:5AB6809312F383B069724881A30E547B" country="Taiwan" latitude="25.035513" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="121.048904" name="Datan Algal Reef" stateProvince="Taoyuan">Datan Algal Reef</location>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="E5975C5FD143811CEB90264EAB163F19" degrees="25" direction="north" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="7.849" value="25.035513">25°02'7.849"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EBCE8EB30A4AEE7CB111660E420B7AA6" degrees="121" direction="east" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="56.059" value="121.048904">121°02'56.059"E</geoCoordinate>
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; -
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<quantity id="5668383817616A91C1FBC7751C630051" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
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(below sea level);
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<collectingDate id="42796683732D1FEB3FA08C65B9687297" value="2021-06-24">24 Jun. 2021</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName id="D7AC9D9B1B5C66FD86A6D6B964C8D32B">T.-H. Tu</collectorName>
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and
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<collectorName id="5F98B6462FE6FCFB60A8B61C9FE80B54">E.-J. Lin</collectorName>
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leg.; tidal pool, hand collecting;
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<collectorName id="AF2D58AB8D79D3860B43AB1004C73D04">GenBank</collectorName>
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:
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<accessionNumber id="F5CF5CD493BF3910ED676F866E7439B8" isEnumeration="true">OK480042, OK483343</accessionNumber>
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, and
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<accessionNumber id="203F8F57C180F8F7DC746922C5D28915" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/OK482879">OK482879</accessionNumber>
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||
; NMMB-CR000148.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="A316D539A1DEE1583285CB7427CE2BF8" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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||
<materialsCitation id="37552A1D3D4F76AA7717B6342FA2759B" accessionNumber="OK480042, OK483343, OK482879" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="T. - H. Tu & E. - J. Lin & GenBank" country="Taiwan" latitude="25.035513" location="Taiwan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="121.048904" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Taoyuan" typeStatus="Paratype">
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||
<emphasis id="AFAD7C191A39785B2390F82D5DFBA46B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="DE0B00F1AFAF2CE54AC0F98325F293E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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||
<typeStatus id="41388CF9D624548B0C70E48E92B754C0">Paratype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="4E283CF538AAE7F8AEE39C24945995EF" name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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; same data as holotype; NMMB-CR000149
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="118F14B064E9703ACA1645F9D1A11157" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="5640151607B54009998A58688E8262BE" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Other material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3B0494CCD1469398C43F1CB2251D4959" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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||
<materialsCitation id="4D3D464979A043FD037E37E122AFBCFF" collectingDate="2020-09-21" country="Taiwan" location="Taiwan" specimenCount="1">
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<collectingCountry id="967E35E20F1049500CFBFD40C766D794" name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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; same data as holotype;
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<collectingDate id="5444AF45F88577E54DE597011E8D94D8" value="2020-09-21">21 Sep. 2020</collectingDate>
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; NMMB-CR000150
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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<materialsCitation id="919493652D2437EDBBA4BF212F840B1A" collectingDate="2020-09-21" collectorName="M. - H. Lin, L. - C. Liu" country="Taiwan" location="Taiwan" specimenCount="1">
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<collectingCountry id="86C42A8FD0D08B13147B4708F2B001FA" name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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; same data as holotype;
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<collectingDate id="014E6A58FF4A2CD48AF9F97EE1CFA655" value="2020-09-21">21 Sep. 2020</collectingDate>
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;
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<collectorName id="D62F8B841F9892EECD2E77823AC5224B">M.-H. Lin</collectorName>
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and
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<collectorName id="0401A2DBEA537E848115650342E0BBCF">L.-C. Liu</collectorName>
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leg.; NMMB-CR000151
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="2877552EDCED7EC94B02DA682CA79432" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="CAFCAD63BE76EDE8524580232490E84F" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1FE07A86BC8D97650F10166B9511CBA7" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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The holotype colony is composed of upright polyps arising separately from a encrusting membrane less than 1 mm thick or a network of ribbon-like stolons. When fully extended, polyps are around 3 mm long, and the tentacles are slender with 10-13 pairs of pinnules on either side of the rachis. Polyps are contractile and cannot fully retract into the basement layer.
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<taxonomicName id="16AC9CFF96DF82D11BA94D70AEF4A673" genus="Sclerites" lsidName="Sclerites" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="genus">Sclerites</taxonomicName>
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are mostly 6-radiate sclerites, with a few being irregular radiates. When alive, polyps are yellowish pink, and the basement layer is magenta.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="3C825B29FD0D31B98E5FAA748A08D6FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="9BE810C709388B6ECD146C681CFF1398" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="14ECAF123C8EC027A51150A8456E17E6" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
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(Figs
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<figureCitation id="22D3486C6B3EFF78763F9C89E7C7F146" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Erythropodium taoyuanensis sp. nov. a intertidal population in situ b close-up of a c, d contracted polyps in situ e holotype (NMMB-CR 000148) in preserved state f paratype (NMMB-CR 000149) in preserved state." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/659356" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
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<figureCitation id="1DEC8A87E3BE8C0E01759C8961FEC3E1" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Erythropodium taoyuanensis, holotype, NMMB-CR 000148 a sclerites of the polyp b sclerites of the polyp wall c sclerites of the cortex." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/659357" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="81F6CEE9BE7A136DD0571C103F43476D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="BE874221AB87A70087B78A8E324AF75B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Colonial morphology</emphasis>
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||
.
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</emphasis>
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The holotype is an encrusting colony and attaching on barnacles and coralline algal substrate. When alive, the colony consisted of densely distributed polyps, up to 20/cm2, arising from the basement layer, which is completely covered by sand (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B5C3780FAB43F22CF46FF77267B46A24" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Erythropodium taoyuanensis sp. nov. a intertidal population in situ b close-up of a c, d contracted polyps in situ e holotype (NMMB-CR 000148) in preserved state f paratype (NMMB-CR 000149) in preserved state." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/659356" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">1a</figureCitation>
|
||
). In its preserved state, the holotype measures 57.0 mm
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<normalizedToken id="7C85FE7771A07B0623ABFBFB9956E918" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
33.8 mm
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||
<normalizedToken id="423A731218D6D3735EA2A587614761E5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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||
22.8 mm. The thickness of the basal membrane in the alcohol-preserved holotype is less than 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="5C6EE9DC52B6D750A72263085A926573" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/659356" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph id="7F0A7BC412175B3CE7F60A90295B39BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="1315EC554D8A5BAAC2D552C58C9D1BB9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="528E3DC07B881FB356251B39BE035BCE" authorityName="Tu & Dai" authorityYear="2022" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Erythropodium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erythropodium taoyuanensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="taoyuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="FFCEFF3C4F4000FFAF91C12049F26896" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Erythropodium taoyuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="EBC08BC7AC1091A57FBDE497960AF69E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">a</emphasis>
|
||
intertidal population
|
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<emphasis id="6DE579C5DBD2491B1B96DEAB6FDF2314" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="139BC2CE2AAB45137B4AE779A48A58A7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">b</emphasis>
|
||
close-up of
|
||
<emphasis id="829B7F077502E900A21A956914E8BE88" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">a c, d</emphasis>
|
||
contracted polyps
|
||
<emphasis id="E4C89CF53D38C14A153BE82E81DA8EDA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="7E0F9054A86C3C7CEBA726735EEA6490" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">e</emphasis>
|
||
holotype (NMMB-CR000148) in preserved state
|
||
<emphasis id="B8D830B73836D887374A44CC63E4BD4F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">f</emphasis>
|
||
paratype (NMMB-CR000149) in preserved state.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="980DF2015702B9814E594F2C639758CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="871A11081809297BD8C38242AD620D83" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="717D8700FEF3135A4AFA3E78A638208A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Polyps</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
When fully extended, the polyps may attain approximately 2.5-3.0 mm in length (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E4C6966C3EAC24CDA489C289553D2D22" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Erythropodium taoyuanensis sp. nov. a intertidal population in situ b close-up of a c, d contracted polyps in situ e holotype (NMMB-CR 000148) in preserved state f paratype (NMMB-CR 000149) in preserved state." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/659356" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">1b</figureCitation>
|
||
). The fully spread tentacles are cylindrical, slender, and up to 2.5 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BC4F45EC3CDF8AFC0A2A3612BD9273B9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8 mm, with 10-13 pairs of pinnules arranged in a single row on either side of the tentacle rachis (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="C1158CBBA1F8E5C1DE38A7D3573D2E2A" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Erythropodium taoyuanensis sp. nov. a intertidal population in situ b close-up of a c, d contracted polyps in situ e holotype (NMMB-CR 000148) in preserved state f paratype (NMMB-CR 000149) in preserved state." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/659356" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">1b</figureCitation>
|
||
). The polyps are contractile in both live and preserved state (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A57FE3D73BD0BE0470B36EE40B8A4A70" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Erythropodium taoyuanensis sp. nov. a intertidal population in situ b close-up of a c, d contracted polyps in situ e holotype (NMMB-CR 000148) in preserved state f paratype (NMMB-CR 000149) in preserved state." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/659356" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">1</figureCitation>
|
||
); when contracted, they are cylindrical and measuring from the attachment at stolons to the tentacle base are around 1.5 mm in width (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D6E54737108F93DBC1EC06ECD4009ACF" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Erythropodium taoyuanensis sp. nov. a intertidal population in situ b close-up of a c, d contracted polyps in situ e holotype (NMMB-CR 000148) in preserved state f paratype (NMMB-CR 000149) in preserved state." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/659356" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">1c, d</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pinnules (0.2-0.9 mm long) gradually taper at the end to a sharp tip. The polyps are associated with symbiotic unicellular algae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D9252052247768D514BD1F10F14E3F58" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="53B13675BF2B1C14CB723CC0DBB8BF15" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B123AE1B8A5DE1E7D416EF3F2EA7BBF6" genus="Sclerites" lsidName="Sclerites" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="23F89E5D3EFE43D36B4A0690F7EBDC1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Sclerites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="77D0E8650EEBAE80D898546C8C7844D3" genus="Sclerites" lsidName="Sclerites" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="genus">Sclerites</taxonomicName>
|
||
are present in all parts of the holotype and evenly distributed in the coenenchyme, polyp body wall, tentacles, and pinnules. Six-radiate sclerites are the commonest type, representing more than 90% of sclerites in anthocodiae and tentacles. They are 0.032-0.068 mm in length and 0.025-0.036 mm in width with simple tubercles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="400FED4F7ADD694B3CC0520E46CD3BA0" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Erythropodium taoyuanensis, holotype, NMMB-CR 000148 a sclerites of the polyp b sclerites of the polyp wall c sclerites of the cortex." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/659357" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">2a</figureCitation>
|
||
). The polyp wall contains abundant 6-radiate sclerites, derivatives of radiates which are 0.028-0.132 mm in length and 0.025-0.083 mm in width, with prominent tubercles and table-radiates (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9C41E7E0AB5E861354F84EDAD41DEDD5" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Erythropodium taoyuanensis, holotype, NMMB-CR 000148 a sclerites of the polyp b sclerites of the polyp wall c sclerites of the cortex." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/659357" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">2b</figureCitation>
|
||
). The average size of sclerites in the polyp wall is greater than that in the polyps.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAA8E70FFC814961600A1AD7DD0AF034" genus="Sclerites" lsidName="Sclerites" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="genus">Sclerites</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the cortex are similar to those of the polyp wall but larger in size, including 6-radiate sclerites (0.042-0.120 mm in length and 0.034-0.076 mm in width) and irregular radiates (0.046-0.080 mm in length and 0.100-0.130 mm in width) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3E55BCCB345A80DBF060B21A564F13BC" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Erythropodium taoyuanensis, holotype, NMMB-CR 000148 a sclerites of the polyp b sclerites of the polyp wall c sclerites of the cortex." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/659357" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">2c</figureCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, some sclerites in the cortex are fused to form clumps.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="17140C964F13A30AA7EFFEFD4EA4B156" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/659357" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph id="5BD0C02173F34D73F2AEF94F5CCEB91A" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="04865E1DA0F0EBC0D270E75D7E9714CD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="18A916E793248CAE012C0456EDB120C3" authorityName="Tu & Dai" authorityYear="2022" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Erythropodium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erythropodium taoyuanensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="taoyuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1454DDB0AC534692630E5835EC5BBCC8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Erythropodium taoyuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, NMMB-CR000148
|
||
<emphasis id="7FF56E16D7E434B89407D2396671B311" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">a</emphasis>
|
||
sclerites of the polyp
|
||
<emphasis id="7B78C9D0C2FEDE4773C602ECDCBC90A4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">b</emphasis>
|
||
sclerites of the polyp wall
|
||
<emphasis id="916255C49BA58AA5478042F47A3C5F63" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">c</emphasis>
|
||
sclerites of the cortex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="6F7A44C8CFFB252614EE5D9CB5FCFACF" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="31868DE18534EFFF5E1ED2F4B673C4F9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="47CA9D22237682A2BB4FB32C7CD0B899" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Color</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In life, colors of tissue, autozooids, and cortical layer are translucent, white to yellowish, and pink to magenta, respectively. Under light microscope, sclerites are translucent, magenta, or reddish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3A56A4A61D8C81C70031E6A212C06CE2" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="E991AFFE3D7358DCF88298276828EAD8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD92D49131DCCEAA8D3AF320F5ACAA36" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Variation</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Paratype (NMMB-CR000149) and non-type specimens (NMNB-CR000150 and NMNB-CR000151) show variation in the density of polyps ranging 5-20/cm2. Six-radiate sclerites are the commonest type of sclerites in the examined specimens, while their sizes are varied not only in different parts of a colony but also differ from what was observed in the holotype and across the specimens. The length and width of 6-radiate sclerites in the examined specimens is 0.020-0.068 mm and 0.020-0.053 mm, respectively, in polyp tissue; 0.024-0.098 mm and 0.018-0.070 mm, respectively, in polyp wall; and 0.022-0.118 mm and 0.026-0.075 mm, respectively, in cortex (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="0F2CD9DAB41BE95E50D52B7C48030A0F" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Erythropodium taoyuanensis, paratype, OCT 133 NMMB-CR 000149 a sclerites of the polyp b sclerites of the polyp wall c sclerites of the cortex." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/659358" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="56B57C81611238540659D1A64F6A1FCB" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Erythropodium taoyuanensis, NMMB-CR 000151 a sclerites of the polyp b sclerites of the polyp wall c sclerites of the cortex d fused sclerites in the cortex." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/659359" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">4</figureCitation>
|
||
). All examined specimens possess similar diagnostic features as the holotype from the level of colony to sclerits including upright polyps arising from a encrusting membrane, contraticle polyps, and predominant six-radiate sclerites. The major differences between examined specimens are reflected in the density and size variation of polyps and sclerites, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="43BF18175E5298AC38D3D35144DC6414" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/659358" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph id="55F3FFAC4B274442B428C8F8ADB7C51C" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="79425CC5EAB693BF255B88C2F6E91E81" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7E8CE793A93A51D5D53D4D95046B95D" authorityName="Tu & Dai" authorityYear="2022" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Erythropodium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erythropodium taoyuanensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="taoyuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="01D3515B0D71EBF3D5B0BE8CDFC7941F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Erythropodium taoyuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype, OCT133 NMMB-CR000149
|
||
<emphasis id="8FC04FC30C436F1136979088D34890B9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">a</emphasis>
|
||
sclerites of the polyp
|
||
<emphasis id="C456CD52D3CF9D4BEE61F63EAF444611" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">b</emphasis>
|
||
sclerites of the polyp wall
|
||
<emphasis id="50A40579A64956BDDEF1F007169E8B68" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">c</emphasis>
|
||
sclerites of the cortex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0620FCBEC335CDE78892227A2152849C" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="differential diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="E8AA1E258563A77EB50C97E529C90E11" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E5D9CFC34BCA39DE2D35DF817B31562" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
When comparing the morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="958C6BFC81E78BCBC496E6F90E0F2A1A" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. taoyuanensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Coelenterata" rank="species" species="taoyuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="51CAFEC195BEF2577670147D164DCBBB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E. taoyuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. to the other three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4425FAF1187C1D4FBCB783F06A876641" authorityName="Kolliker" authorityYear="1865" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Erythropodium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erythropodium" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="82A1585CBEBED7A15C55B3C2FB3FC5F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Erythropodium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, basal membrane, pinnule arrangement, retractile or contractile ability of polyps, and shape and size of sclerites (Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="5D5ED186D814330D160A9EAB26A74C19" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Diagnostic traits of nominal Erytropodium species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C088BE6D16F4CA9A94A30EB3EC1D7778" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" tableUuid="C088BE6D16F4CA9A94A30EB3EC1D7778">1</tableCitation>
|
||
) were examined, with the contractibility of polyp and shape of sclerites considered as the most distinct characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C088BE6D16F4CA9A94A30EB3EC1D7778" ID-Table-UUID="C088BE6D16F4CA9A94A30EB3EC1D7778" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C088BE6D16F4CA9A94A30EB3EC1D7778" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
|
||
<paragraph id="C00FD9B3AA4513FFDE01D5E0B30F0A27" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="BEEAC50359874D0A1E79AEF3DBA33139" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Diagnostic traits of nominal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="342ED68819A554505C3E4B68C405309D" genus="Erytropodium" lsidName="Erytropodium" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17187B4D61A428905599DD569742E56A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Erytropodium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FCCAFEEFF0F6A0F52FA8C83C2029AADF" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<table id="241C09DA6A8415C33595B6239011FE35" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<tr id="36B55C6EC94F4B1C81DDEB74EE9834B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<th id="374F810B8F19B06032D96E5F2E404A3D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="2">Species name</th>
|
||
<th id="AAA6BFBD97F42285EDA4F71E4DE3A948" colspan="5" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Diagnostic traits</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3B089374967CC58EE885744D3534B283" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<th id="8D9F69F31CFDADCAEB01313D388DB919" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Colony</th>
|
||
<th id="E5A160A7D3A1B0C6244355925BA5375B" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Coenenchyme</th>
|
||
<th id="B3C86DC760F8FDF6E8E9FDE0BADAB032" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Polyp</th>
|
||
<th id="75A9BA3BE30FD2DC1B7F28F571CAAD75" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Sclerite</th>
|
||
<th id="61C63127B27778EC700FB9CAA556894A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">References</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="5E76522A2BEC9D7A90951A434E49772B" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<td id="AB0123A36883FE5C65469F3B01368F44" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="414A2DA568857D20FE8AABBC8B5C914A" baseAuthorityName="Duchassaing & Michelotti" baseAuthorityYear="1860" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Erythropodium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erythropodium caribaeorum" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="caribaeorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="737ABA861F8A582768E0AA7F3751752C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Erythropodium caribaeorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="6860592F9333B6BD10AA8E4E411A1377" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Encrusting, membranous carpet-like colony</td>
|
||
<td id="5381369A877E48D6D2E8F25C99B75EC2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Thick cortical layer, ~3 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="317220F56613A6F69DCD228D8C46B4CA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Retractile polyps with elongated pinnules arragned in a single pair of rows</td>
|
||
<td id="4E729A11C29A791734C88E572F6DCBFA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Dominant 6-radiate sclerites and irregular radiate scleirtes</td>
|
||
<td id="8B95995687242134E22596FB485F9CCF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9D0DD9D7B3F036BDA44CF7CB0B737382" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11388" author="Duchassaing de Fombressin, P" journalOrPublisher="Imprimerie Royale, Turin" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" refId="B7" refString="Duchassaing de Fombressin, P, Michelotti, G, 1860. Memoire sur les coralliaires des Antilles. Imprimerie Royale, Turin, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11388" title="Memoire sur les coralliaires des Antilles." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11388" year="1860">Duchassaing and Michelotti 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. I. figs 8-11;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BDFEEB72DB3E70345A20FD1132567EDF" author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and Other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 373" refId="B1" refString="Bayer, FM, 1961. The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and Other Caribbean Islands 12: 1 - 373" title="The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region." volume="12" year="1961">Bayer 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 75; fig. 16e-h;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E039974A782C609CC0628D244B75BA1E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4822.2.2" author="Carpinelli, AN" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="175 - 190" refId="B4" refString="Carpinelli, AN, Cordeiro, RTS, Neves, LM, De Moura, RL, Kitahara, MV, 2020. Erythropodium caribaeorum (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860) (Cnidaria: Alcyonacea), an additional alien coral in the Southwestern Atlantic. Zootaxa 4822 (2): 175 - 190, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4822.2.2" title="Erythropodium caribaeorum (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860) (Cnidaria: Alcyonacea), an additional alien coral in the Southwestern Atlantic." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4822.2.2" volume="4822" year="2020">Carpinelli et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 177; figs 1, 2
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="0F79203472B6C08C975743424D5145A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<td id="58FCA7E27E4A5519353E603047DF0102" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7D67CDC2F1A6363BFF6C1F0789D1386D" baseAuthorityName="Utinomi" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Erythropodium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erythropodium hicksoni" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hicksoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="098D89E2839DE8EE1F2C20CC852A7EBB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Erythropodium hicksoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="9EEBEBFF6F9D0114808D41EACFC45B3E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Membranous colony</td>
|
||
<td id="96A792E42D16DD2930D6E366962B2023" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Thick cortical layer, ~3 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="ECCCCF60EAD4FFC9B29FAEF70509E5AC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Retractile polyps with 9 pairs of pinnules per tentacle</td>
|
||
<td id="CDDE737172D439A4004C76E757FBFE84" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Triradiates, quadriradiates, flattened rods, and spindles</td>
|
||
<td id="978C578667D4AD35A72EB676439977C0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F5AEA3589276AC10AAA7B40EFE04C248" DOI="https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1971.32.02" author="Utinomi, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="7 - 17" refId="B20" refString="Utinomi, H, 1971. Port Phillip Bay Survey 2. Octocorallia. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 32: 7 - 17, DOI: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1971.32.02" title="Port Phillip Bay Survey 2. Octocorallia." url="https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1971.32.02" volume="32" year="1971">Utinomi 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 8-10, fig. 2; pl. 7. fig. 3
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="AF7D5CFFB3052DF61FCC6D1AE258A2C1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<td id="54E37A2EFC429EDB9502327E70239558" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FD62A9E58D53BE7FC3553E47E8382B6" authorityName="Thomson & Mackinnon" authorityYear="1910" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Erythropodium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erythropodium salomonense" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="salomonense">
|
||
<emphasis id="5CEE978FBEE883258E4808D2BF1578D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Erythropodium salomonense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="1EEC3CD8607C4F994557AB24A12851F9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Encrusting form</td>
|
||
<td id="ADB6FB9DC87E4FDEB5645E99FF3C1C19" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Thick cortical layer, 1.5-2 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="D59E6438EB6CFB8EB8AAE9C1CE05A924" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Retractile polyps</td>
|
||
<td id="C0B9D2F87110B8320F847BADDDF40FA6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Spindles, double spheres, irregular sclerites</td>
|
||
<td id="7F1C6F209D1924CDB7184BCC29CD5C7E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E7BD7A31DA26563852DBF95BB9F90CF2" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb00515.x" author="Thomson, JA" journalOrPublisher="Marine Ecology Progress Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" refId="B19" refString="Thomson, JA, Mackinnon, DL, 1910. Alcyonarians collected on the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition by Mr. J. Stanley. Part II. The Stolonifera, Alcyonacea, Pseudaxonia, and Stelechotokea. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, Series 2, 13: 165-211. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb00515.x" title="Alcyonarians collected on the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition by Mr. J. Stanley. Part II. The Stolonifera, Alcyonacea, Pseudaxonia, and Stelechotokea. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, Series 2, 13: 165 - 211." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1910.tb00515.x" year="1910">Thomson and Mackinnon 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 174-175; pl. 12, fig. 8; pl. 13, fig. 9
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DA4D73DF74ED7F5952D0D05F0DBFAAEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<td id="70CFC166A2E4ED5338F07E0C326693A2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="77CFB5C4B3130232CF43C4840F88AD97" authorityName="Tu & Dai" authorityYear="2022" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Erythropodium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erythropodium taoyuanensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="taoyuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F125CF6E33166222757D4AD3E797F723" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Erythropodium taoyuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="501EEB6F148634C60AAFD060B23C2EEA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Encrusting, membranous carpet-like colony</td>
|
||
<td id="5FD734DB7E497EE1597B8E5389806F37" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Think cortical layer, generally <1 mm</td>
|
||
<td id="38B975737C3BFE3D9B1D0843CC0FD111" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Contractile polyps with 10-13 pairs of pinnules per tentacle</td>
|
||
<td id="8C4225A9A3FDBB135235290AAC72F761" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Dominant 6-radiate sclerites and derivatives of radiates</td>
|
||
<td id="28E5C1BF6A1E11524F010426B21AF0DA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rowspan="1">Present study</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D20837ED316CDD3016A90D0ED685FC28" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1089.77273.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/659359" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph id="E56BF1A922AFBB19AFD94696890FC3DD" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="1CEEC94CFBDEA88F44C6CC74215B9D79" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E25D07A256404E49A05EB36122C22F6E" authorityName="Tu & Dai" authorityYear="2022" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Erythropodium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erythropodium taoyuanensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="taoyuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3979D73D5321A66A43EDE5D9F4C644B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Erythropodium taoyuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, NMMB-CR000151
|
||
<emphasis id="A5565D61E249C864F41046A10E9210D7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">a</emphasis>
|
||
sclerites of the polyp
|
||
<emphasis id="6A5D920E8E2F76632DF266C0A74E01AF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">b</emphasis>
|
||
sclerites of the polyp wall
|
||
<emphasis id="5D1D48ABB9292F984AB4353308D6FFB4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">c</emphasis>
|
||
sclerites of the cortex
|
||
<emphasis id="BEF7B80CFCB8A119D7F3E2C07ED36FB3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">d</emphasis>
|
||
fused sclerites in the cortex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5ECDE988D7B5D5E8D81F6388491AE6CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="458B3B974C12AEBADA9F7566595F3944" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11388" author="Duchassaing de Fombressin, P" journalOrPublisher="Imprimerie Royale, Turin" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" refId="B7" refString="Duchassaing de Fombressin, P, Michelotti, G, 1860. Memoire sur les coralliaires des Antilles. Imprimerie Royale, Turin, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11388" title="Memoire sur les coralliaires des Antilles." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11388" year="1860">Duchassaing and Michelotti (1860)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C11A41BFFFA8B5C4351EEF7F28CA6EC5" author="Bayer, FM" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and Other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="1 - 373" refId="B1" refString="Bayer, FM, 1961. The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and Other Caribbean Islands 12: 1 - 373" title="The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region." volume="12" year="1961">Bayer (1961)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A7F16A4696B0CC4DE73AAF61B6ADA20" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4822.2.2" author="Carpinelli, AN" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" pagination="175 - 190" refId="B4" refString="Carpinelli, AN, Cordeiro, RTS, Neves, LM, De Moura, RL, Kitahara, MV, 2020. Erythropodium caribaeorum (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860) (Cnidaria: Alcyonacea), an additional alien coral in the Southwestern Atlantic. Zootaxa 4822 (2): 175 - 190, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4822.2.2" title="Erythropodium caribaeorum (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860) (Cnidaria: Alcyonacea), an additional alien coral in the Southwestern Atlantic." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4822.2.2" volume="4822" year="2020">Carpinelli et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the diagnostic features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C019FEDF48115FE496CC6E62D05B0FB4" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. caribaeorum" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Coelenterata" rank="species" species="caribaeorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="455C3D4B97CB159140E6A0F0DECE5934" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E. caribaeorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include an encrusting and membranous carpet-like colony, retractile polyps, elongated pinnules, thick cortical layer, and predominantly 6-radiate sclerites (Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="790E9FCFDF2A8C8E4640E702C3795A80" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Diagnostic traits of nominal Erytropodium species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C088BE6D16F4CA9A94A30EB3EC1D7778" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" tableUuid="C088BE6D16F4CA9A94A30EB3EC1D7778">1</tableCitation>
|
||
). While the colonies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A90586DA6E5EA7B6CDE6DFC212836057" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. taoyuanensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Coelenterata" rank="species" species="taoyuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EDE9811F809289FD57313D08830AE6C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E. taoyuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. form firm expansions on rocks similar to the colonial form of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="94248DB9438B0A742647DE1B104F30FE" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. caribaeorum" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Coelenterata" rank="species" species="caribaeorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="88F52771F3BB3FAF455E54891E208CBC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E. caribaeorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the thinner cortical layer, shorter pinnules, and contractile polyps are distinct features. Furthermore, the types and shapes of radiates are the main features to distinguish these two species. Compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EF94DD893D147B2C01A4A705655F663F" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. caribaeorum" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Coelenterata" rank="species" species="caribaeorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="F65484F0B5F26EC5AF6006D8BA85F6E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E. caribaeorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="19D720AE94D7724589A9CF56E432D8FB" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. taoyuanensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Coelenterata" rank="species" species="taoyuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3367C4BF3AB1265C7991E42B27A13DFC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E. taoyuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. possesses irregular radiates with generally enlarged tubercles having tiny protuberances. Compared with the creamy white and 3-mm-thick basal membrane in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00EA4368D1628DF7D85A0011B7F2C3A2" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. hicksoni" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Coelenterata" rank="species" species="hicksoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9AB6CDDFA5B2A9D4F8445C415641121" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E. hicksoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="1D47DBAEC1DD59436F85226D0A397F4F" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Diagnostic traits of nominal Erytropodium species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C088BE6D16F4CA9A94A30EB3EC1D7778" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" tableUuid="C088BE6D16F4CA9A94A30EB3EC1D7778">1</tableCitation>
|
||
), the basal membrane in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D02465EC5D440E9EDAAD4816D083AE3" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. taoyuanensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Coelenterata" rank="species" species="taoyuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9255AA8B9627267F2883852E47E427F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E. taoyuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is pink in the preserved state, similar to the color as in life, and thinner-generally less than 1 mm thick. Although pinnules in both species are arranged in a single pair of rows (one at each side of a tentacle),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="83B010FC915E96D5D715DBBA3869A965" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. hicksoni" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Coelenterata" rank="species" species="hicksoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9125BDF440962D18749F04293701CF4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E. hicksoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
normally has nine pairs of pinnules per tentacle, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E7FF5B5432E3EFD3F56A10D6FF39FC4" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. taoyuanensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Coelenterata" rank="species" species="taoyuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3A4625D1067C13A3F4799D0CAE2E57BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E. taoyuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 10-13 pairs. In addition, the polyps are retractile in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C355675F4110AD87394ADE479A0DF82" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. hicksoni" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Coelenterata" rank="species" species="hicksoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="7F3F5A699E3835A1102D15C944ED1037" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E. hicksoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but contractile in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57594177D4F93D46B112AB32D250E679" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. taoyuanensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Coelenterata" rank="species" species="taoyuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DE3B898698803A0A3730597742BD2098" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E. taoyuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1112CD156C6CFB6207F35EAEE990D3B" genus="Sclerites" lsidName="Sclerites" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" rank="genus">Sclerites</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ECE04D0522DBE975E483F4308F6C434D" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. hicksoni" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Coelenterata" rank="species" species="hicksoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="6259E1281579B6D893E683342FA8BDF1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E. hicksoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include triradiates, tetraradiates, flattened rods, and spindles. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D03D0F9D70FF55DE1EE2468184DFB088" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. taoyuanensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Coelenterata" rank="species" species="taoyuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="792AD71AB775551FC89D4A78B80A5525" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E. taoyuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. has only 6-radiate sclerites. Finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0441384747826EB01CA2A68EBE77793D" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. salomonense" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Coelenterata" rank="species" species="salomonense">
|
||
<emphasis id="5F7A8E2940BDE34FDC94A74EAE0E3F02" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E. salomonense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA20DD895C905D6FB0B29227A166D328" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. taoyuanensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Coelenterata" rank="species" species="taoyuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DCC36DC57BD88B3BBEFED196D93038AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E. taoyuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. can be distinguished by the type and shape of the radiates. Additionally, the retractile polyps in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88BB76FCA7827F04B7FE0497FC3AB707" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. salomonense" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Coelenterata" rank="species" species="salomonense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B34F96B5AE3B80C77EC467A6925F2477" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E. salomonense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="43914C6E1C2E688D897DDABB5C86F898" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Diagnostic traits of nominal Erytropodium species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C088BE6D16F4CA9A94A30EB3EC1D7778" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" tableUuid="C088BE6D16F4CA9A94A30EB3EC1D7778">1</tableCitation>
|
||
) are distinct from the contractile polyps in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0F147170E6DD926A5292008F9C4A547" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. taoyuanensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Coelenterata" rank="species" species="taoyuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="013C5EE2B8073CA07DA53F5566A9259B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E. taoyuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The above variations support that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57EFDC66655941F479CD8B6A22A5427B" class="Anthozoa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="E. taoyuanensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Coelenterata" rank="species" species="taoyuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="58AD84B8EA55FD99C437D3B84E5A15AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">E. taoyuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinct from the other nominal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="637507E396117E778A825F95DC541C50" authorityName="Kolliker" authorityYear="1865" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Erythropodium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erythropodium" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D698D0C9F84BB252F3ED6DA830B18B0C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Erythropodium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="89EAE4AFE3007D3BF605AB77A31C420C" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="3898B8BB679E7818EDE2DF4D81955694" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="501CF4322F4E23F15F648D66F8A0F3E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
The specific name
|
||
<emphasis id="871CCD43139726DADE2052421B00E96D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">taoyuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
alludes to the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8B21D0CF3965BBCA2AA5B72480AE19D9" originalValue="city’s">city's</normalizedToken>
|
||
name, Taoyuan, where the specimens were collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0E0F43C333C2EA4E8E4B84C4C8F280C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="FAFD85285504D6080451EDC7BF3FFF2C" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6F9C72F5DB19A7947083B103BAA22802" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">
|
||
The Datan G2 in Datan Algal Reef, Taoyuan, Taiwan, is the only location where this species is known; it has a biodiverse coralline algal reef.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45E69532BB07396C1BE4A67D6D08BC59" authorityName="Tu & Dai" authorityYear="2022" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Erythropodium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erythropodium taoyuanensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="0" pageNumber="37" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="taoyuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D48CD68620CC0AC505548D554377C4B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="37">Erythropodium taoyuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is one of the dominant sessile organisms encrusting the rocks at this location and is generally restricted to near the low tidal line, and it may be exposed to the air during the spring low tide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |