treatments-xml/data/0C/31/CB/0C31CB16FFEAFFE7FF49FAC02B5ECC96.xml

<document id="1F078632C8ECF1EFF05006C25BBFD95C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3915.4.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="28ba3338-6b30-407b-b510-839ff20f52ef" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="238132" ID-ZooBank="B0BF84A7-DFA0-4E20-83A9-E2D36543024D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460976626232" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Miraeiz, Esmaeil, Heydari, Ramin, Maafi, Zahra Tanha &amp; Bert, Wim" docDate="2015" docId="0C31CB16FFEAFFE7FF49FAC02B5ECC96" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03915p600.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3915 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Laimaphelenchus hyrcanus Miraeiz, Heydari, Maafi &amp; Bert, 2015, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="597" masterDocId="F008B36EFFEBFFE0FFDEFFDA2942CD46" masterDocTitle="Laimaphelenchus hyrcanus n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), a new species from northern Iran" masterLastPageNumber="600" masterPageNumber="591" pageNumber="592" updateTime="1698559793817" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="8F67CB24A62FE3028D3BF23828E2ABEC">Laimaphelenchus hyrcanus n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), a new species from northern Iran</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0FC0938AC9A1F52E682DA5AE0D1F1107">Miraeiz, Esmaeil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9018E9F9D936314CBA1C01BE28420C78">Heydari, Ramin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="615F18D593751369172B988EAFFF332F">Maafi, Zahra Tanha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="13CB448EF31D60B7A3830B3AAD36677C">Bert, Wim</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="0C31CB16FFEAFFE7FF49FAC02B5ECC96" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5675611" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119594208" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5675611" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0C31CB16FFEAFFE7FF49FAC02B5ECC96" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0C31CB16FFEAFFE7FF49FAC02B5ECC96" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="597" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">
<subSubSection id="CC82298BFFEAFFE1FF49FAC029BBC810" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="84277A00FFEAFFE1FF49FAC02B73C873" blockId="1.[151,561,1306,1366]" box="[151,561,1306,1333]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">
<heading id="DF6FCD6CFFEAFFE1FF49FAC02B73C873" bold="true" box="[151,561,1306,1333]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEAFFE1FF49FAC02B73C873" bold="true" box="[151,561,1306,1333]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEAFFE1FF49FAC028A5C872" box="[151,487,1306,1332]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyrcanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEAFFE1FF49FAC028A5C872" bold="true" box="[151,487,1306,1332]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Laimaphelenchus hyrcanus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADDF1B69FFEAFFE1FE30FAC12B73C873" box="[494,561,1307,1333]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="84277A00FFEAFFE1FF49FAE729BBC810" blockId="1.[151,561,1306,1366]" box="[151,249,1341,1366]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">
<figureCitation id="1CA36685FFEAFFE1FF49FAE7299EC810" box="[151,220,1341,1366]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1671,1693]" captionTargetBox="[156,1425,415,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,409,1649]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Laimaphelenchus hyrcanus n. sp. A: Female pharyngeal region; B: Female anterior region; C, D: mail tail; E: Cross section of female at mid body; F, G: Vulval region; H: Entire body of male; I: Entire body of female. Scale bars: A – G: 10 µm, H, I: 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238133/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Figs 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1CA36685FFEAFFE1FF34FAE429BBC810" box="[234,249,1342,1366]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1456,1478]" captionTargetBox="[320,1267,181,1435]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[320,1268,181,1435]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Light microscopy observation of Laimaphelenchus hyrcanus n. sp. Female (A – F). A: Pharyngeal region; B: Genital system showing post-uterine sac; C: Anterior end; D: Vulval region; E: Position of excretory pore; F: Female tail. Male (G – I). G: Posterior body region showing the genital papillae (arrows); H: Cloacal region; I: Spicule. Scale bars: A, B = 20 µm, C – I = 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238134/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">2</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC82298BFFEAFFE1FF49FA5F289FC8D8" box="[151,477,1413,1438]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" type="description">
<paragraph id="84277A00FFEAFFE1FF49FA5F289FC8D8" blockId="1.[151,1437,1413,2014]" box="[151,477,1413,1438]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEAFFE1FF49FA5F280FC8D8" bold="true" box="[151,333,1413,1438]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Measurements.</emphasis>
See 
<tableCitation id="C91A4FBBFFEAFFE1FE5AFA5F2895C8D8" box="[388,471,1413,1438]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,362,385]" captionTargetBox="[159,1339,445,1655]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data for Laimaphelenchus hyrcanus n. sp. All measurements are in Μm and in the form: mean ± s. d. (range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0E72A88FFE9FFE2FF49FEB0286ECCE7" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" tableUuid="D0E72A88FFE9FFE2FF49FEB0286ECCE7">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC82298BFFEAFFE1FF19FA732A86CB33" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="84277A00FFEAFFE1FF19FA732A86CB33" blockId="1.[151,1437,1413,2014]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEAFFE1FF19FA7328F3C884" bold="true" box="[199,433,1449,1474]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Material examined.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="5B23C4A2FFEAFFE1FE66FA732B61C884" box="[440,547,1449,1474]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
, male, slide ALH001 together with eight 
<typeStatus id="5B23C4A2FFEAFFE1FC28FA702D14C884" box="[1014,1110,1450,1474]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
specimens: five males, three females (Slides ALH001, ALH002) deposited in the Nematode Collection of the Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 
<collectingCountry id="FC8F3A90FFEAFFE1FC2BFA282D67CB4F" box="[1013,1061,1522,1545]" name="Iran" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Iran</collectingCountry>
. Additional 
<typeStatus id="5B23C4A2FFEAFFE1FB6FFA282C5FCB4C" box="[1201,1309,1522,1546]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
distributed as follows: two males and two females at the Museum voor Dierkunde (collection number 
<collectionCode id="E289E2C5FFEAFFE1FB4EF9CC2DA7CB68" box="[1168,1253,1558,1582]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/wp5k-7kah" name="Zoology Museum of the University of Ghent" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">UGMD</collectionCode>
104294), Ghent University, Ghent, 
<collectingCountry id="FC8F3A90FFEAFFE1FEA3F9E328A2CB14" box="[381,480,1593,1618]" name="Belgium" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Belgium</collectingCountry>
, and two females at the National Nematode Collection of the Department of Nematology, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, 
<collectingCountry id="FC8F3A90FFEAFFE1FC51F9842A82CB33" box="[911,960,1630,1653]" name="Iran" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="CC82298BFFEAFFE3FF19F95B2D81CC23" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="594" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" type="description">
<paragraph id="84277A00FFEAFFE1FF19F95B2A26CA6C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1413,2014]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEAFFE1FF19F95B281BCBDC" bold="true" box="[199,345,1665,1690]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEAFFE1FEBAF95B2882CBDF" box="[356,448,1665,1689]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Female.</emphasis>
Medium sized nematodes, 
<quantity id="4360D7E5FFEAFFE1FCD6F95B2AF2CBDF" box="[776,944,1665,1690]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" metricValueMax="8.7" metricValueMin="6.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" unit="mm" value="0.77" valueMax="0.87" valueMin="0.67">0.67–0.87 mm</quantity>
long. The body ventrally arcuate and Cshaped upon fixation. Cuticle with indistinct transverse annulations, about 1.5–2.1 Μm wide at mid-body. Lateral field 
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEAFFE1FF0CF91029AFCBA7" box="[210,237,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">ca</emphasis>
4–5 µm wide, occupying 19–22% of body diameter at mid-body, and marked by three incisures; the inner one less apparent than the outer ones and difficult to observe by light microscopy, two outer lines are slightly areolated at posterior region and extending to origin of tubercle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="84277A00FFEAFFE2FF19F8EF2B8ACC06" blockId="1.[151,1437,1413,2014]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,320]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="593" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Head region hemispherical, heavily sclerotized, clearly wider than body at base, 3–3.5 µm high and 7–8 µm wide. SEM shows sixed-lobed cephalic region with equal width of labial sectors, not separated by ribs and without clear labial disc. The rounded oral aperture is surrounded by a rim. The pore-like amphidial apertures are positioned in the lateral sectors, just posterior to labial disc. Cephalids not seen. Stylet slender, with conical anterior part and tubular shaft with three small basal swellings. Procorpus cylindrical, 50–58 Μm long, metacorpus (median bulb) ovoid with centrally-located crescentic valves, 16–18 Μm long, 11–12 Μm wide, located 58–66 Μm from the anterior end; pharyngeal glands well-developed and clearly visible, overlapping intestine dorsally, extending for 81–135 Μm. The nerve ring is located posterior to the pharyngo-intestinal junction, at 77–98 µm from the body end. Excretory pore somewhat variable in position but always located posterior to nerve ring; hemizonid not seen. Intestine is a visibly straight tube, rectum straight.</paragraph>
<caption id="D0E72A88FFE9FFE2FF49FEB0286ECCE7" ID-Table-UUID="D0E72A88FFE9FFE2FF49FEB0286ECCE7" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D0E72A88FFE9FFE2FF49FEB0286ECCE7" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" targetBox="[159,1339,445,1655]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="84277A00FFE9FFE2FF49FEB0286ECCE7" blockId="2.[151,1436,361,417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFE9FFE2FF49FEB02841CCC7" bold="true" box="[151,259,362,385]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">TABLE 1</emphasis>
. Morphometric data for 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFE9FFE2FDD2FEB32A6DCCC7" box="[524,815,361,385]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyrcanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFE9FFE2FDD2FEB32A6DCCC7" box="[524,815,361,385]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Laimaphelenchus hyrcanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFE9FFE2FCE8FEB02A30CCC7" bold="true" box="[822,882,362,385]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
All measurements are in Μm and in the form: mean ± s.d. (range).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="84277A00FFE9FFE2FF41FE672C40CB31" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<table id="F69888A0FFE9001FFF41FE672C79CB31" box="[159,1339,445,1655]" gridcols="4" gridrows="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FE672C79CC95" box="[159,1339,445,467]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FE672B62CC95" box="[159,544,445,467]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Population Characters</th>
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFE672A68CC95" box="[641,810,445,467]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Holotype female</th>
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FE672D7ECC95" box="[858,1084,445,467]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Paratype females</th>
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFE672C79CC95" box="[1124,1339,445,467]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Paratype males</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FE332C79CCB9" box="[159,1339,489,511]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FE332B62CCB9" box="[159,544,489,511]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">n</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FE332D7ECCB9" box="[858,1084,489,511]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">10</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFE332C79CCB9" box="[1124,1339,489,511]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FDCF2C79CF6D" box="[159,1339,533,555]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FDCF2B62CF6D" box="[159,544,533,555]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">L</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFDCF2A68CF6D" box="[641,810,533,555]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">760</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FDCF2D7ECF6D" box="[858,1084,533,555]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">763 ±66 (671–878)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFDCF2C79CF6D" box="[1124,1339,533,555]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">834±27 (809–874)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FD9B2C79CF11" box="[159,1339,577,599]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FD9B2B62CF11" box="[159,544,577,599]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">a</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFD9B2A68CF11" box="[641,810,577,599]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">30.4</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FD9B2D7ECF11" box="[858,1084,577,599]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">33 ±1.8 (30– 36)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFD9B2C79CF11" box="[1124,1339,577,599]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">43.1±2.7 (38.5–45.2)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FDB62C79CFC4" box="[159,1339,620,642]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FDB62B62CFC4" box="[159,544,620,642]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">b</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFDB62A68CFC4" box="[641,810,620,642]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">10</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FDB62D7ECFC4" box="[858,1084,620,642]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">10 ±0.7 (9.1–11)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFDB62C79CFC4" box="[1124,1339,620,642]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">10.6±0.4 (10.1–11.2)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FD422C79CFE8" box="[159,1339,664,686]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FD422B62CFE8" box="[159,544,664,686]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">b'</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFD422A68CFE8" box="[641,810,664,686]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">4.8</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FD422D7ECFE8" box="[858,1084,664,686]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">4.1 ±0.4 (3.4–4.8)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFD422C79CFE8" box="[1124,1339,664,686]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">4.6±0.1 (4.3–4.7)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FD1E2C79CF9C" box="[159,1339,708,730]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FD1E2B62CF9C" box="[159,544,708,730]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">c</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFD1E2A68CF9C" box="[641,810,708,730]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">17.3</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FD1E2D7ECF9C" box="[858,1084,708,730]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">18.3 ±1.5 (16.4– 21.4)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFD1E2C79CF9C" box="[1124,1339,708,730]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">18±0.3 (17.6–18.5)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FD2A2C79CE40" box="[159,1339,752,774]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FD2A2B62CE40" box="[159,544,752,774]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">c'</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFD2A2A68CE40" box="[641,810,752,774]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">3.1</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FD2A2D7ECE40" box="[858,1084,752,774]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">3.3 ±0.1 (3.1–3.5)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFD2A2C79CE40" box="[1124,1339,752,774]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">3±0.1 (2.8–3.1)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FCC62C79CE74" box="[159,1339,796,818]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FCC62B62CE74" box="[159,544,796,818]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">V or T</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFCC62A68CE74" box="[641,810,796,818]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">65</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FCC62D7ECE74" box="[858,1084,796,818]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">66 ±1.5 (63.2–67.8)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFCC62C79CE74" box="[1124,1339,796,818]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">71.4±7.7 (63–79)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FC922C79CE18" box="[159,1339,840,862]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FC922B62CE18" box="[159,544,840,862]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Head height</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFC922A68CE18" box="[641,810,840,862]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">3</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FC922D7ECE18" box="[858,1084,840,862]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">3.2 ±0.3 (3–3.5)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFC922C79CE18" box="[1124,1339,840,862]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">3.5±0.4 (3–4)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FCAE2C79CECC" box="[159,1339,884,906]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FCAE2B62CECC" box="[159,544,884,906]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Head width</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFCAE2A68CECC" box="[641,810,884,906]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">7</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FCAE2D7ECECC" box="[858,1084,884,906]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">7.5 ±0.4 (7–8)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFCAE2C79CECC" box="[1124,1339,884,906]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">7.2±0.3 (7–7.5)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FC452C79CEF3" box="[159,1339,927,949]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FC452B62CEF3" box="[159,544,927,949]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Stylet</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFC452A68CEF3" box="[641,810,927,949]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">12</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FC452D7ECEF3" box="[858,1084,927,949]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">11.4 ±0.5 (11–12)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFC452C79CEF3" box="[1124,1339,927,949]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">11.2±0.4 (11–12)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FC112C79CEA7" box="[159,1339,971,993]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FC112B62CEA7" box="[159,544,971,993]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">m¹</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFC112A68CEA7" box="[641,810,971,993]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">40</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FC112D7ECEA7" box="[858,1084,971,993]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">37 ±2.4 (33.3– 42)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFC112C79CEA7" box="[1124,1339,971,993]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">45±0.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FC232C79C949" box="[159,1339,1017,1039]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FC232B62C949" box="[159,544,1017,1039]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Anterior end to valves of median bulb</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFC232A68C949" box="[641,810,1017,1039]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">63</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FC232D7EC949" box="[858,1084,1017,1039]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">64 ±2.5 (58–66)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFC232C79C949" box="[1124,1339,1017,1039]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">66±2 (63–68)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FBFD2C79C97B" box="[159,1339,1063,1085]" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FBFD2B62C97B" box="[159,544,1063,1085]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">MB²</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFBFD2A68C97B" box="[641,810,1063,1085]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">82.9</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FBFD2D7EC97B" box="[858,1084,1063,1085]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">83 ±2.4 (79.2–88)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFBFD2C79C97B" box="[1124,1339,1063,1085]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">84±1.5 (82.5–86)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FB892C79C92F" box="[159,1339,1107,1129]" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FB892B62C92F" box="[159,544,1107,1129]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Nerve ring from anterior body</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFB892A68C92F" box="[641,810,1107,1129]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">85</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FB892D7EC92F" box="[858,1084,1107,1129]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">86 ±5.9 (77–98)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFB892C79C92F" box="[1124,1339,1107,1129]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">87±1.7 (84–88)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FBA52C79C9D3" box="[159,1339,1151,1173]" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FBA52B62C9D3" box="[159,544,1151,1173]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Excretory pore</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFBA52A68C9D3" box="[641,810,1151,1173]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">98</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FBA52D7EC9D3" box="[858,1084,1151,1173]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">101 ±7 (86–112)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFBA52C79C9D3" box="[1124,1339,1151,1173]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">108±6.2 (98–113)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FB712C79C987" box="[159,1339,1195,1217]" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FB712B62C987" box="[159,544,1195,1217]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Maximum body width</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFB712A68C987" box="[641,810,1195,1217]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">25</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FB712D7EC987" box="[858,1084,1195,1217]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">23 ±1.5 (21–26)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFB712C79C987" box="[1124,1339,1195,1217]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">19.4±1.1 (18–21)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FB0D2C79C9AB" box="[159,1339,1239,1261]" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FB0D2B62C9AB" box="[159,544,1239,1261]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">PUS length</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFB0D2A68C9AB" box="[641,810,1239,1261]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">120</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FB0D2D7EC9AB" box="[858,1084,1239,1261]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">127 ±18.4 (97–152)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFB0D2C79C9AB" box="[1124,1339,1239,1261]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">_</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FAD92C79C85F" box="[159,1339,1283,1305]" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FAD92B62C85F" box="[159,544,1283,1305]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">PUS/maximum body width</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFAD92A68C85F" box="[641,810,1283,1305]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">4.8</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FAD92D7EC85F" box="[858,1084,1283,1305]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">5.5 ±0.8 (4.3–6.6)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFAD92C79C85F" box="[1124,1339,1283,1305]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">_</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FAF42C79C802" box="[159,1339,1326,1348]" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FAF42B62C802" box="[159,544,1326,1348]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">PUS/V–A</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFAF42A68C802" box="[641,810,1326,1348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">54.1</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FAF42D7EC802" box="[858,1084,1326,1348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">58 ±7 (50–71)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFAF42C79C802" box="[1124,1339,1326,1348]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">_</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FA802C79C836" box="[159,1339,1370,1392]" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FA802B62C836" box="[159,544,1370,1392]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Vulva –anus</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFA802A68C836" box="[641,810,1370,1392]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">222</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FA802D7EC836" box="[858,1084,1370,1392]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">219 ±25.3 (175–260)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFA802C79C836" box="[1124,1339,1370,1392]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">_</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FA5C2C79C8DA" box="[159,1339,1414,1436]" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FA5C2B62C8DA" box="[159,544,1414,1436]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Pharynx</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFA5C2A68C8DA" box="[641,810,1414,1436]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">76</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FA5C2D7EC8DA" box="[858,1084,1414,1436]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">76.6 ±2 (72–80)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFA5C2C79C8DA" box="[1124,1339,1414,1436]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">79±1.6 (76–80)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FA682C79C88E" box="[159,1339,1458,1480]" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FA682B62C88E" box="[159,544,1458,1480]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Overlap³</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFA682A68C88E" box="[641,810,1458,1480]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">81</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FA682D7EC88E" box="[858,1084,1458,1480]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">108.5 ±14.2 (81–135)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFA682C79C88E" box="[1124,1339,1458,1480]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">104±7.3 (96–113)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41FA042C79C8B2" box="[159,1339,1502,1524]" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41FA042B62C8B2" box="[159,544,1502,1524]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Testis or ovary length</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FFA042A68C8B2" box="[641,810,1502,1524]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">339</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84FA042D7EC8B2" box="[858,1084,1502,1524]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">278 ±62.2 (187–370)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAFA042C79C8B2" box="[1124,1339,1502,1524]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">596±74.7 (510–672)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41F9D02C79CB66" box="[159,1339,1546,1568]" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41F9D02B62CB66" box="[159,544,1546,1568]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Anal (cloacal) body width</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FF9D02A68CB66" box="[641,810,1546,1568]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">14</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84F9D02D7ECB66" box="[858,1084,1546,1568]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">12.5 ±1.1 (11–14)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAF9D02C79CB66" box="[1124,1339,1546,1568]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">16±0.7 (15–17)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41F9EF2C79CB0D" box="[159,1339,1589,1611]" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41F9EF2B62CB0D" box="[159,544,1589,1611]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Tail length</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FF9EF2A68CB0D" box="[641,810,1589,1611]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">44</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84F9EF2D7ECB0D" box="[858,1084,1589,1611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">42 ±3.6 (36–48)</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAF9EF2C79CB0D" box="[1124,1339,1589,1611]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">46.6±1.3 (46–49)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AA87842FFE9001FFF41F9BB2C79CB31" box="[159,1339,1633,1655]" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<th id="7979113EFFE9001FFF41F9BB2B62CB31" box="[159,544,1633,1655]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Spicule length (arc line)</th>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFD5FF9BB2A68CB31" box="[641,810,1633,1655]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">_</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFC84F9BB2D7ECB31" box="[858,1084,1633,1655]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">_</td>
<td id="7979113EFFE9001FFBBAF9BB2C79CB31" box="[1124,1339,1633,1655]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">23±0.9 (22–24)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="84277A00FFE9FFE2FF49F9402BE1CBF5" blockId="2.[151,1297,1690,1782]" box="[151,675,1690,1715]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">1Length of conus as percentage of total stylet length</paragraph>
<paragraph id="84277A00FFE9FFE2FF49F9612A22CBB0" blockId="2.[151,1297,1690,1782]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">2Distance between anterior end of body and center of median pharyngeal bulb as percentage of pharyngeal length 3Distance from pharyngeal-intestine junction to end of dorsal gland tip</paragraph>
<paragraph id="84277A00FFE9FFE2FF19F8F82DB5CAA9" blockId="2.[151,1437,1826,2031]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
Genital system mono-prodelphic with outstretched ovary with oocytes in single line; spermatheca oblong to irregular in shape and filled with spheroid sperm cells. Uterus thick-walled; post-uterine sac (PUS) occupying 49–71% of distance from vulva to anus and 
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFE9FFE2FD58F8B12BE2CAC4" box="[646,672,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">ca</emphasis>
5.5 times the corresponding body diameter long, usually containing sperm cells. Vagina straight, sloping anteriorly, with one pair of oval sclerotizations as it joins the uterus. Vulva with well-developed anterior flap, overlapping the vulval slit. Tail ventrally curved, subcylindrical, ending in a single stalk-like terminus with four pedunculate tubercles bearing each 9–10 finger-like projections.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="84277A00FFE8FFE3FF19FF422D81CC23" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,357]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFE8FFE3FF19FF422843CDF6" box="[199,257,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">Male</emphasis>
. Morphology similar to that of female but more curved, especially in tail region. Genital system monorchic, testis outstretched with developing germ cells in single line. Spicule rose-thorn shaped, 22–24 µm long, with prominent capitulum and broad rostrum with rounded tip; no gubernaculum observed. Two pairs of papillae present: first pair of adanal subventral papillae (P2) at level of or just anterior to cloacal aperture, second pair of post-cloacal subventral papillae (P3) clearly visible at about 54–60% of distance between cloacal aperture to tail tip. Tail subcylindroid and morphologically similar to that of female but more ventrally curved.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D0E72A88FFE8FFE3FF49F95D2801CB9C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238133/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="594" targetBox="[156,1425,415,1645]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="84277A00FFE8FFE3FF49F95D2801CB9C" blockId="3.[151,1436,1671,1754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFE8FFE3FF49F95D284DCBDA" bold="true" box="[151,271,1671,1693]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFE8FFE3FEC0F95D2B77CBDB" box="[286,565,1671,1693]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="3" pageNumber="594" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyrcanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFE8FFE3FEC0F95D2B77CBDB" box="[286,565,1671,1693]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">Laimaphelenchus hyrcanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADDF1B69FFE8FFE3FDE0F95D2B3BCBDA" box="[574,633,1671,1692]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFE8FFE3FDE0F95D2B3BCBDA" bold="true" box="[574,633,1671,1692]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
A: Female pharyngeal region; B: Female anterior region; C, D: mail tail; E: Cross section of female at mid body; F, G: Vulval region; H: Entire body of male; I: Entire body of female. Scale bars: A–G: 10 µm, H, I: 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="CC82298BFFE8FFE3FF19F8DB2BAACAC3" pageId="3" pageNumber="594" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="84277A00FFE8FFE3FF19F8DB2BAACAC3" blockId="3.[151,1436,1793,1926]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFE8FFE3FF19F8DB28B5CA5C" bold="true" box="[199,503,1793,1818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">
<typeStatus id="5B23C4A2FFE8FFE3FF19F8DB2840CA5C" box="[199,258,1793,1818]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">Type</typeStatus>
habitat and locality.
</emphasis>
The specimens were recovered from bark samples of cypress trees (
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFE8FFE3FB26F8D82C2ECA5F" box="[1272,1388,1794,1817]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Cupressus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="594" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFE8FFE3FB26F8D82C2ECA5F" box="[1272,1388,1794,1817]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">Cupressus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.) in Naharkhoran National Park in the south of Gorgan (GPS coordinates: 
<geoCoordinate id="E1AC1CC7FFE8FFE3FC61F8FC2D6ECA78" box="[959,1068,1829,1854]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="594" precision="925" value="37.3">N 36° 78'</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E1AC1CC7FFE8FFE3FBE8F8FC2DE3CA78" box="[1078,1185,1829,1854]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="594" precision="925" value="54.766666">E 54° 46'</geoCoordinate>
). The species was also found in 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFE8FFE3FF22F8932800CA24" box="[252,322,1865,1890]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ziziphus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="594" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jujube">jujube</taxonomicName>
trees (
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFE8FFE3FE50F8902BCACA24" authority="Miller" authorityName="Miller" box="[398,648,1865,1890]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Ziziphus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="594" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jujube">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFE8FFE3FE50F8902B78CA24" box="[398,570,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">Ziziphus jujube</emphasis>
Miller
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFE8FFE3FD56F8902BD3CA27" box="[648,657,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">)</emphasis>
in Heidar Abad, a village in the west of Gorgan (GPS coordinates: 
<geoCoordinate id="E1AC1CC7FFE8FFE3FA56F89029ABCAC0" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="594" precision="925" value="37.416668">N 36° 85'</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="E1AC1CC7FFE8FFE3FF2AF8B4281DCAC0" box="[244,351,1901,1926]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="594" precision="925" value="54.483334">E 54° 29'</geoCoordinate>
), Golestan province, northern 
<collectingCountry id="FC8F3A90FFE8FFE3FD6DF8B42BA6CAC3" box="[691,740,1902,1925]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">Iran</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D0E72A88FFEFFFE4FF49FA6A2863CB64" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238134/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" targetBox="[320,1267,181,1435]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="84277A00FFEFFFE4FF49FA6A2863CB64" blockId="4.[151,1436,1456,1570]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FF49FA6A2853C883" bold="true" box="[151,273,1456,1478]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. Light microscopy observation of 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEFFFE4FD5DFA6A2ADEC880" box="[643,924,1456,1478]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyrcanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FD5DFA6A2ADEC880" box="[643,924,1456,1478]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Laimaphelenchus hyrcanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADDF1B69FFEFFFE4FC78FA6B2AA6C880" box="[934,996,1457,1478]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FC78FA6B2AA6C880" bold="true" box="[934,996,1457,1478]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Female (A–F). A: Pharyngeal region; B: Genital system showing post-uterine sac; C: Anterior end; D: Vulval region; E: Position of excretory pore; F: Female tail. Male (G–I). G: Posterior body region showing the genital papillae (arrows); H: Cloacal region; I: Spicule. Scale bars: A, B = 20 µm, C–I = 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="CC82298BFFEFFFE6FF19F9902A8CCA23" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="597" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="84277A00FFEFFFE4FF19F9902BA5CBB5" blockId="4.[151,1437,1610,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FF19F9902B69CB25" bold="true" box="[199,555,1610,1635]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Diagnosis and Relationships.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEFFFE4FDE6F9902A33CB24" box="[568,881,1610,1634]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyrcanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FDE6F9902A33CB24" box="[568,881,1610,1634]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Laimaphelenchus hyrcanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADDF1B69FFEFFFE4FCA0F9902A81CB25" box="[894,963,1610,1635]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FCA0F9902A81CB25" bold="true" box="[894,963,1610,1635]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is characterized by the presence of an anterior vulval flap, cephalic region with six labial sectors of equal width not divided by ribs and without clear labial disc, a tail with 4 clearly pedunculate tubercles ending in 9–10 finger-like projections, a lateral field with three lines of which the two outer lines are slightly areolated in the posterior region, and two pairs of subventral caudal papillae, adanal and post-cloacal, in the male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="84277A00FFEFFFE5FF19F9272B3CCCB2" blockId="4.[151,1437,1610,2031]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,501]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="596" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">
The species in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEFFFE4FE03F9242BE1CA50" box="[477,675,1790,1814]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FE03F9242BE1CA50" box="[477,675,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Laimaphelenchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are divided into those with and without a vulval flap (
<bibRefCitation id="E00907F1FFEFFFE4FB22F9272CD5CA50" author="Baujard" box="[1276,1431,1789,1814]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" refString="Baujard, P. (1981) Revue taxonomique du genre Laimaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937 et description de Laimaphelenchus pini n. sp. Revue de Nematologie, 4, 75 - 92." type="journal article" year="1981">Baujard 1981</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="E00907F1FFEFFFE4FF49F8F9285ACA7C" author="Hunt" box="[151,280,1826,1850]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" refString="Hunt, D. J. (1993) Aphelenchida, Longidoridae and Trichodoridae: Their Systematics and Bionomics. CAB International Wallingford, 352 pp." type="book" year="1993">Hunt 1993</bibRefCitation>
). Since 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEFFFE4FEA2F8F92B47CA7C" box="[380,517,1826,1850]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyrcanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FEA2F8F92B47CA7C" box="[380,517,1826,1850]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">L. hyrcanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADDF1B69FFEFFFE4FDCFF8F82B14CA7D" box="[529,598,1826,1851]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FDCFF8F82B14CA7D" bold="true" box="[529,598,1826,1851]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has a vulval flap, it should be compared with members of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEFFFE4FF49F89C281FCA18" box="[151,349,1862,1886]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FF49F89C281FCA18" box="[151,349,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Laimaphelenchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also possessing vulval flaps, 
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FD70F89D2A17CA18" box="[686,853,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">
i.e. 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEFFFE4FD07F89D2A17CA18" box="[729,853,1863,1886]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Laimaphalenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="persicus">L. persicus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FCBBF89D2DCBCA18" box="[869,1161,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEFFFE4FCBBF89D2A9FCA18" box="[869,989,1862,1886]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Laimaphalenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="penardi">L. penardi</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEFFFE4FC37F89D2DC6CA18" box="[1001,1156,1862,1886]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Laimaphalenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="deconincki">L. deconincki</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEFFFE4FB4FF89D298DCAC5" authority="Massey, 1966" authorityName="Massey" authorityYear="1966" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Laimaphalenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pensobrinus">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FB4FF89D2C7BCA18" box="[1169,1337,1862,1886]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">L. pensobrinus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E00907F1FFEFFFE4FA9FF89D298DCAC5" author="Massey" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" refString="Massey, C. L. (1966) The nematode parasites and associates of Dendroctonus adjunctus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in New Mexico. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 59, 424 - 440." type="journal article" year="1966">Massey, 1966</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FF00F8B12B63CAC4" box="[222,545,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEFFFE4FF00F8B1281ECAC4" box="[222,348,1899,1922]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cocuccii">L. cocuccii</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEFFFE4FEB7F8B12B63CAC4" authority="Bajaj &amp; Walia, 2000" authorityName="Bajaj &amp; Walia" authorityYear="2000" box="[361,545,1898,1922]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="unituberculus">L. unituberculus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E00907F1FFEFFFE4FDF7F8B02A50CAC4" author="Bajaj" box="[553,786,1898,1923]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" refString="Bajaj, H. K. &amp; Walia, K. K. (2000) A new species of Laimaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937 (Nematoda: Aphelenchina) from Kalesar forest, Haryana, India. Indian Journal of Nematology, 30, 88 - 90." type="journal article" year="2000">
Bajaj &amp; 
<collectingCountry id="FC8F3A90FFEFFFE4FD54F8B02B8CCAC5" box="[650,718,1898,1923]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Walia</collectingCountry>
, 2000
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEFFFE4FCFFF8B12D96CAC4" authority="Peneva &amp; Chipev, 1999" authorityName="Peneva &amp; Chipev" authorityYear="1999" box="[801,1236,1898,1923]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helicosoma">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FCFFF8B12AFCCAC4" box="[801,958,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">L. helicosoma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E00907F1FFEFFFE4FC19F8B12D96CAC4" author="Peneva" box="[967,1236,1898,1923]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" refString="Peneva, V. &amp; Chipev, N. (1999) Laimaphelenchus helicosoma (Maslen, 1979) n. comb. (Nematoda: Aphelenchida) from the Livingston Island (the Antarctic). Bulgarian Antarctic Research Life Science, 2, 57 - 61." type="journal article" year="1999">Peneva &amp; Chipev, 1999</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEFFFE4FB3DF8B128A9CAE0" authority="Zhao, Davies, Riley &amp; Nobbs, 2006" authorityName="Zhao, Davies, Riley &amp; Nobbs" authorityYear="2006" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="preissii">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FB3DF8B12C11CAC4" box="[1251,1363,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">L. preissii</emphasis>
Zhao, Davies, Riley &amp; Nobbs, 2006
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEFFFE4FDFBF8552BF8CAE0" box="[549,698,1934,1958]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="simlaensis">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FDFBF8552BF8CAE0" box="[549,698,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">L. simlaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Based on the morphology of the tail tip (tail ending in a single stalk with 4 tubercles) in both sexes and having a vulval flap in females, the new species is morphologically closer to 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEFFFE4FF6DF80D286FCAA8" box="[179,301,2007,2030]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Laimaphalenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="persicus">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FF6DF80D286FCAA8" box="[179,301,2007,2030]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">L. persicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEFFFE4FEE5F80D28EFCAA8" box="[315,429,2006,2030]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Laimaphalenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="penardi">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FEE5F80D28EFCAA8" box="[315,429,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">L. penardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEFFFE4FE65F80D2B13CAA8" box="[443,593,2006,2030]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Laimaphalenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="deconincki">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FE65F80D2B13CAA8" box="[443,593,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">L. deconincki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEFFFE4FD81F80D2B9BCAA8" box="[607,729,2007,2030]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cocuccii">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FD81F80D2B9BCAA8" box="[607,729,2007,2030]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">L. cocuccii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEFFFE4FCD0F80D2AF6CAA8" box="[782,948,2006,2030]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pensobrinus">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FCD0F80D2AF6CAA8" box="[782,948,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">L. pensobrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEFFFE4FC1FF80D2D01CAA8" box="[961,1091,2006,2030]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyrcanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FC1FF80D2D01CAA8" box="[961,1091,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">L. hyrcanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADDF1B69FFEFFFE4FB94F80C2DCBCAA9" box="[1098,1161,2006,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FB94F80C2DCBCAA9" bold="true" box="[1098,1161,2006,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEFFFE4FADBF80D2C3DCAA8" box="[1285,1407,2007,2030]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Laimaphalenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="persicus">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEFFFE4FADBF80D2C3DCAA8" box="[1285,1407,2007,2030]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">L. persicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its general aspects, but differs in the number of lateral lines (3 
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEEFFE5FCB9FF432A3CCDF6" box="[871,894,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">vs</emphasis>
4) and number of caudal papillae (two pairs 
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEEFFE5FA5AFF432CD9CDF6" box="[1412,1435,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">vs</emphasis>
three pairs). 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEEFFE5FEF8FF6728E8CD92" box="[294,426,188,212]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="596" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyrcanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEEFFE5FEF8FF6728E8CD92" box="[294,426,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">L. hyrcanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADDF1B69FFEEFFE5FE6DFF6628B6CD93" box="[435,500,188,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="596" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEEFFE5FE6DFF6628B6CD93" bold="true" box="[435,500,188,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEEFFE5FCF5FF672AE2CD92" box="[811,928,188,212]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Laimaphalenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="596" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="penardi">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEEFFE5FCF5FF672AE2CD92" box="[811,928,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">L. penardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a slightly shorter stylet (11–12 
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEEFFE5FA5AFF672CD9CD92" box="[1412,1435,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">vs</emphasis>
13–14 Μm), a higher number of lateral lines (3 
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEEFFE5FD6AFF3B2B89CDBE" box="[692,715,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">vs</emphasis>
2), and number of caudal papillae (two pairs 
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEEFFE5FB04FF3B2DB3CDBE" box="[1242,1265,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">vs</emphasis>
three pairs). It differs from 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEEFFE5FEFBFEDF28FECC5A" box="[293,444,260,284]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Laimaphalenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="596" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="deconincki">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEEFFE5FEFBFEDF28FECC5A" box="[293,444,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">L. deconincki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the greater length of the post uterine sac (97–152 
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEEFFE5FBC9FEDF2D6CCC5A" box="[1047,1070,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">vs</emphasis>
36–42 µm), the shape of cuticle surrounding the vagina (oval 
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEEFFE5FE3DFEF328B8CC06" box="[483,506,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">vs</emphasis>
more angular), and the presence of males. The new species can be separated from 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEEFFE5FF49FE972857CC22" box="[151,277,333,356]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="596" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="cocuccii">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEEFFE5FF49FE972857CC22" box="[151,277,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">L. cocuccii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a different shape of cephalic region (six labial sectors not separated by ribs 
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEEFFE5FACFFE972C6ACC22" box="[1297,1320,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">vs</emphasis>
six labial sectors separated by pairs of well-marked ribs), greater length of the post uterine sac (97–152 
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEEFFE5FB2CFEAB2C4BCCCE" box="[1266,1289,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">vs</emphasis>
40–63 µm), areolated outer lateral lines in the posterior region and the presence of males. It can be differentiated from 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEEFFE5FA5BFE4F2862CC96" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="596" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="pensobrinus">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEEFFE5FA5BFE4F2862CC96" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">L. pensobrinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by greater length of the post uterine sac (97–152 
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEEFFE5FC8BFE632A2ECC96" box="[853,876,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">vs</emphasis>
48–86 µm), shorter spicule length (22–24 
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEEFFE5FA8DFE632C28CC96" box="[1363,1386,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">vs</emphasis>
33– 37 µm) and number of lateral lines (3 
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEEFFE5FD9FFE072B1ACCB2" box="[577,600,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">vs</emphasis>
4).
</paragraph>
<caption id="D0E72A88FFEEFFE5FF49F87A28D4CAB5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238135/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="596" targetBox="[305,1283,560,1921]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="84277A00FFEEFFE5FF49F87A28D4CAB5" blockId="5.[151,1436,1952,2035]" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEEFFE5FF49F87A2853CAF3" bold="true" box="[151,273,1952,1974]" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observation of 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEEFFE5FC80F87A2D35CAF0" box="[862,1143,1952,1974]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="5" pageNumber="596" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyrcanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEEFFE5FC80F87A2D35CAF0" box="[862,1143,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">Laimaphelenchus hyrcanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADDF1B69FFEEFFE5FB5CF87A2DFDCAF3" box="[1154,1215,1952,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="596" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEEFFE5FB5CF87A2DFDCAF3" bold="true" box="[1154,1215,1952,1973]" pageId="5" pageNumber="596">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
A: Head female; B: Midbody lateral lines of male; C: Female tail; D: Tail tip of female; E: Posterior region of male; F: Ventral view of male tail showing genital papillae.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="D0E72A88FFEDFFE6FF49F9102D28CBB8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238136/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="597" targetBox="[369,1339,228,1669]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="84277A00FFEDFFE6FF49F9102D28CBB8" blockId="6.[151,1435,1738,1790]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEDFFE6FF49F9102855CB99" bold="true" box="[151,279,1738,1760]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Bayesian tree inferred from LSU gene DNA sequences. Posterior probabilities exceeding 50% are given on appropriate clades. Nematode species and GenBank accession numbers are listed for each taxon.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="84277A00FFEDFFE6FF19F8F22A8CCA23" blockId="6.[151,1436,1832,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">
The new species is clearly separated from 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEDFFE6FD69F8F32A14CA07" box="[695,854,1833,1857]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="6" pageNumber="597" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="helicosoma">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEDFFE6FD69F8F32A14CA07" box="[695,854,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">L. helicosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEDFFE6FCB6F8F32D63CA07" box="[872,1057,1833,1857]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="6" pageNumber="597" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="unituberculus">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEDFFE6FCB6F8F32D63CA07" box="[872,1057,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">L. unituberculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEDFFE6FBECF8F32DE6CA06" box="[1074,1188,1833,1856]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="6" pageNumber="597" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="preissii">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEDFFE6FBECF8F32DE6CA06" box="[1074,1188,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">L. preissii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEDFFE6FB3FF8F32C34CA07" box="[1249,1398,1833,1857]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="6" pageNumber="597" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="simlaensis">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEDFFE6FB3FF8F32C34CA07" box="[1249,1398,1833,1857]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">L. simlaensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having tail ending in a single stalk with 4 tubercles 
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEDFFE6FD06F8972BADCA22" box="[728,751,1869,1892]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">vs</emphasis>
one broad tubercle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC82298BFFEDFFE7FF19F8AA2B5ECC96" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="598" pageId="6" pageNumber="597" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="84277A00FFEDFFE6FF19F8AA2A18CAEB" blockId="6.[151,1436,1832,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEDFFE6FF19F8AA280CCACF" bold="true" box="[199,334,1904,1929]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species epithet refers to Hyrcania, the ancient Greek name of Gorgan, the capital city of Golestan province, from which the new species was recovered.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="84277A00FFEDFFE7FF19F8622B5ECC96" blockId="6.[151,1436,1832,2037]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="598" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEDFFE6FF19F8622BC5CA97" bold="true" box="[199,647,1976,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">Molecular phylogenetic relationships</emphasis>
. For molecular analysis, a 771 bp fragment of ribosomal DNA was sequenced (GenBank accession number 
<accessionNumber id="9BCBE7E3FFEDFFE6FDABF8062BAFCAB3" box="[629,749,2012,2037]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KJ567061" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">KJ567061</accessionNumber>
). There are only six LSU sequences of 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFEDFFE6FB08F8072CD9CAB3" box="[1238,1435,2013,2037]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="6" pageNumber="597" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFEDFFE6FB08F8072CD9CAB3" box="[1238,1435,2013,2037]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="597">Laimaphelenchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species available in the GenBank; these species are: 
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFECFFE7FD37FF432CDECDE9" box="[745,1436,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="598">
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFECFFE7FD37FF432A22CDF6" box="[745,864,152,176]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Laimaphalenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="598" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="penardi">L. penardi</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFECFFE7FCB2FF432D45CDF6" box="[876,1031,152,176]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Laimaphalenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="598" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="deconincki">L. deconincki</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFECFFE7FBCDFF432DD3CDE9" box="[1043,1169,152,176]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Laimaphalenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="598" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="persicus">L. persicus</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFECFFE7FB43FF432C62CDF6" box="[1181,1312,152,176]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="598" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="australis">L. australis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFECFFE7FAF2FF432CDECDE9" box="[1324,1436,152,176]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="598" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="preissii">L. preissii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFECFFE7FF19FF672A47CD92" authority="Zhao, Davies, Riley &amp; Nobbs, 2007" authorityName="Zhao, Davies, Riley &amp; Nobbs" authorityYear="2007" box="[199,773,188,213]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="598" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="heidelbergi">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFECFFE7FF19FF672826CD92" box="[199,356,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="598">L. heidelbergi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E00907F1FFECFFE7FEB2FF662A47CD92" author="Zhao" box="[364,773,188,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="598" refString="Zhao, Z. Q., Davies, K. A., Riley, I. T. &amp; Nobbs, J. M. (2007) Laimaphelenchus heidelbergi sp. nov. (Nematoda: Aphelenchina) from Victoria, Australia, and emendment of the diagnosis of the genus. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia, 131, 182 - 191." type="journal article" year="2007">Zhao, Davies, Riley &amp; Nobbs, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. According to our molecular analysis 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFECFFE7FB66FF672C7ECD92" box="[1208,1340,188,212]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="598" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyrcanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFECFFE7FB66FF672C7ECD92" box="[1208,1340,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="598">L. hyrcanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADDF1B69FFECFFE7FA9AFF672CC3CD92" box="[1348,1409,189,212]" pageId="7" pageNumber="598" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is sister taxon to a clade containing 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFECFFE7FDC7FF3B2BF3CDBE" box="[537,689,224,248]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Laimaphalenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="598" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="deconincki">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFECFFE7FDC7FF3B2BF3CDBE" box="[537,689,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="598">L. deconincki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<accessionNumber id="9BCBE7E3FFECFFE7FD1CFF052A03CDBE" box="[706,833,223,248]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KF998578" pageId="7" pageNumber="598">KF998578</accessionNumber>
.) and 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFECFFE7FC58FF3B2AB9CDBE" box="[902,1019,224,248]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Laimaphalenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="598" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="penardi">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFECFFE7FC58FF3B2AB9CDBE" box="[902,1019,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="598">L. penardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(KJ472144). 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFECFFE7FB44FF3B2C75CDBE" box="[1178,1335,224,248]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="598" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="heidelbergi">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFECFFE7FB44FF3B2C75CDBE" box="[1178,1335,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="598">L. heidelbergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows a distinct position from other 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFECFFE7FE39FEDE2BEECC5A" box="[487,684,260,284]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="598" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFECFFE7FE39FEDE2BEECC5A" box="[487,684,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="598">Laimaphelenchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in the phylogenetic tree (
<figureCitation id="1CA36685FFECFFE7FB98FEDE2DC9CC5A" box="[1094,1163,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1738,1760]" captionTargetBox="[369,1339,228,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bayesian tree inferred from LSU gene DNA sequences. Posterior probabilities exceeding 50 % are given on appropriate clades. Nematode species and GenBank accession numbers are listed for each taxon." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/238136/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="598">Fig 4</figureCitation>
). It is morphologically different from all other 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFECFFE7FE7EFEF22B24CC06" box="[416,614,296,320]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="598" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFECFFE7FE7EFEF22B24CC06" box="[416,614,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="598">Laimaphelenchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species based on its characteristic tail shape with a single offset terminal tubercle covered by 20–30 tiny knob-like appendages. 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFECFFE7FCF6FE972AF0CC22" box="[808,946,332,356]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="598" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hyrcanus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFECFFE7FCF6FE972AF0CC22" box="[808,946,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="598">L. hyrcanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="ADDF1B69FFECFFE7FC61FE962D46CC23" box="[959,1028,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="598" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFECFFE7FC61FE962D46CC23" bold="true" box="[959,1028,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="598">sp. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is molecularly most similar to 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFECFFE7FA5BFE972852CCCE" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Laimaphalenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="598" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="deconincki">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFECFFE7FA5BFE972852CCCE" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="598">L. deconincki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but differs in 84 (
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFECFFE7FE3FFEAB28BECCCE" box="[481,508,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="598">ca</emphasis>
11.8%) positions including 5 insertions/deletions, it differs from 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFECFFE7FB3AFEAB2C1BCCCE" box="[1252,1369,368,392]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Laimaphalenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="598" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="penardi">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFECFFE7FB3AFEAB2C1BCCCE" box="[1252,1369,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="598">L. penardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 86 (
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFECFFE7FF7EFE4F29F9CCEA" box="[160,187,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="598">ca</emphasis>
12.2%) positions including 5 insertions/deletions. Our phylogenetic analyses indicate that 
<taxonomicName id="43980183FFECFFE7FB08FE4E2CD9CCEA" box="[1238,1435,404,428]" class="Secernentea" family="Aphelenchidae" genus="Laimaphelenchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphelenchida" pageId="7" pageNumber="598" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B6ECA612FFECFFE7FB08FE4E2CD9CCEA" box="[1238,1435,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="598">Laimaphelenchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species form a polyphyletic group.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>