334 lines
31 KiB
XML
334 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297102" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="38aee501-3c26-4686-9c32-a0991b651db7" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905099958" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="D6D7AAA48F33780820F068DF1B14DEB2" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Artiodactyla.637-722.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Caprinae Gray 1821" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="AB6A4FBA464988A6B3A53F4B8CD52B4B" lastPageNumber="699" masterDocId="AB6A4FBA464988A6B3A53F4B8CD52B4B" masterDocTitle="Order Artiodactyla" masterLastPageNumber="722" masterPageNumber="637" pageNumber="699" updateTime="1716783024384" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="644F66914FE8619CC65C1E17027BBA22" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6D24FC4CB7A38219F5DF1BB636FC3CEC">
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<mods:title id="624C8D95A6C1B5BFB6EABB1750B090F5">Order Artiodactyla</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="3A85FC3A23C74C722FD20653BA1A9F59">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="888AA932B44583F45A74915A88EF2FA4" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="2540A8531AF710F9238E4109D0873C9E">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B9E53D258DE2F9231FE8AF3763BF5D3E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="AB5F28C809F8F9045656179EB83B2516">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="23E65011E916B424BA6190B9F953870A">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="2C1180D93F999C0FFF7D20CD8FE16342">
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<mods:placeTerm id="0B9D12999F43F186A4131269FC13C52C">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="65055811D63FA2EE9FACB499ECBDA3E1">
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<mods:title id="638E3C2E1C40B0374358BB74523C3041">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D35D495DF2FED08B017612EB0B5C7061">
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<mods:start id="8985D6D2F80A3E354EE88B65E178507E">637</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="018BF4748B097C00CE4498FA7B58BA87">722</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="E905EF65125A30B651689137D5A534DC">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9986652E9F39962BBAA631CB0E7EAAB2" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BC4A877FAA5494E69CC0AC14F74FFD62" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316519</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="D6D7AAA48F33780820F068DF1B14DEB2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11337366" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231541086" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11337366" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D6D7AAA48F33780820F068DF1B14DEB2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D6D7AAA48F33780820F068DF1B14DEB2" lastPageNumber="699" pageNumber="699" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14200752">
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<subSubSection id="8D1A80A835E366546903951944F36151" pageNumber="699" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1C56B2BAF94BA61EA66E755FCBB5FE5A" pageNumber="699">
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<taxonomicName id="C97FFD21541F92F8DF580BFB0465D0B6" ID-CoL="J9X" authority="Gray 1821" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="699" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Caprinae">Caprinae Gray 1821</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CED65D85DA6545011DC3D8155D7B7A8F" pageNumber="699" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="D2D03820C3263A4D37DE823A0D2E0F0F" pageNumber="699">
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<treatmentCitation id="7F17B2656FBD529A692DFF6ABDC01B8C" author="Gray" authority="Gray 1821" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" journal="London Med. Repos." kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" page="307" pageNumber="699" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Caprinae" title="Caprinae" volume="15" year="1821">
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<taxonomicName id="ACC55573F60B82ACD0EBF721C0E2E888" ID-CoL="J9X" authority="Gray 1821" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="699" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Caprinae">
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Caprinae
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<bibRefCitation id="DCEC8F617C9E1DB8DEA1BD4DA98F5B09" author="Gray, J. E." refId="ref127912" refString="Gray, J. E. 1821. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. London Medical Repository, 15 (1): 296 - 310." year="1821">Gray 1821</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibCitation id="66E33EB8A19ADC5FEA1438B84EDC5180" author="Gray" journal="London Med. Repos." pageNumber="699" pagination="307" title="Caprinae" volume="15" year="1821">London Med. Repos., 15: 307</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B1A1080BAC6A5688D56404E66B3771AE" pageNumber="699" type="child_taxa">
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<paragraph id="B44D4844A4E0DE76702B9C1E37B51023" pageNumber="699">
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<emphasis id="CB5F28D11397B6BB2393ED0E81ECEDCF" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="699">Genera:</emphasis>
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12 genera with 35 species:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="73C3B117630873716F94CD02FBFAF017" pageNumber="699">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="BB1B0D5D62C4EBB2631B0835C97FA9B7" authority="Blyth 1840" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ammotragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="699" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="51D6D1D90975A19447092449CDF5B325" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Ammotragus</emphasis>
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Blyth 1840
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</taxonomicName>
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(1 species with 6 subspecies)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CAA373812BFF6C00BC9A5E68B2B66155" pageNumber="699">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="DF766E4056867357F0CD52E5192F5B53" authority="Hodgson 1850" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1850" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Budorcas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="699" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E5F270FDC318446EDE8FFC151CE40372" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Budorcas</emphasis>
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Hodgson 1850
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</taxonomicName>
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(1 species with 4 subspecies)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B61131F5D01943C12AEDFE5793FCAC8A" pageNumber="699">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="105376C3FA821E89959FD215FEFB3871" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="699" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8717BEED244EF89F5559663EF16345C1" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Capra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="D875E896852092CCA4B00A5A60AB797E" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(8 species with 12 subspecies)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A53EC2D2A07C97E870D3955F3E6D9862" pageNumber="699">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4DF4355460DB793158803B12476A1DC0" authority="Ogilby 1836" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1836" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capricornis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="699" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0559E64ACAD19209CF28EA6954885A60" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Capricornis</emphasis>
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Ogilby 1836
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</taxonomicName>
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(6 species with 2 subspecies)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="72511C46549D2134C206305051A4D749" pageNumber="699">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="40A32AA596F1C5195D2FCC95F8813FC7" authority="Hodgson 1841" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Hemitragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="699" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DF06599563B3187FC92827B0BDEC851A" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Hemitragus</emphasis>
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Hodgson 1841
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</taxonomicName>
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(3 species)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E4D03BE8ACAEFB3217261ECB53BABF19" pageNumber="699">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="31BFEB8C21F60EE572811D89547DF5EB" authority="C. H. Smith 1827" authorityName="C. H. Smith" authorityYear="1827" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Naemorhedus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="699" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4C4CB49B081999A3242ECF018775F339" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Naemorhedus</emphasis>
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C. H.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAE9A3BA63980E4B2F69AF550BC236B" author="Smith, C. H." refId="ref330696" refString="Smith, C. H. 1827. The seventh order of the Mammalia. The Ruminantia. Pp. 1 - 428, in The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization, by the Baron Cuvier, member of the Institute of France, & c. & c. & c. with additional descriptions of all the species hitherto named, and of many not before noticed (E. Griffith, C. H. [amilton] Smith, and E. Pidgeon, eds.). G. B. Whitaker, London, 4: 1 - 498." year="1827">Smith 1827</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(4 species with 4 subspecies)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B32263C8692FD258FDA7580C3B6DA785" pageNumber="699">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="E2B4FCF15C579CDC5FB5A6F85DE34F8F" authority="Rafinesque 1817" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oreamnos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="699" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0EC452C9CB88903404684689C46F6C21" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Oreamnos</emphasis>
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Rafinesque 1817
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</taxonomicName>
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(1 species)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4BC0F1E6929CD7C27B15EDF5934E3BF1" pageNumber="699">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="551DCFB0D47F286AA73823992597B9F3" authority="de Blainville 1816" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovibos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="699" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7AE13ED72033EB0496F4957A31C9DCA7" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Ovibos</emphasis>
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de Blainville 1816
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</taxonomicName>
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(1 species)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="56C93A6A8E744E7C7AE56D7F907D1690" pageNumber="699">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="EFBCD5A87FE0B8AD1193E6CBC1FD76A3" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="699" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="699593AE4802831F49FD9EF86B8F4682" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Ovis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="660C8905A3AE8D7B289E3D21630D34DB" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(5 species with 30 subspecies)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E10A682F190FB3AB022B1AF175D8BBE0" pageNumber="699">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="8BFBE4474F6AC1733773FC06EC790395" authority="Hodgson 1834" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1834" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Pantholops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="699" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="50A45190B34BCDDB584511FFA1F02E6F" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Pantholops</emphasis>
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Hodgson 1834
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</taxonomicName>
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(1 species)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="79B97A5FEDEAE80300DEFFA632A986EA" pageNumber="699">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="E0257C5674C05F666DFD3719E8B1DF4B" authority="Hodgson 1846" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1846" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Pseudois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="699" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A8700DC6F06CCCCCB545CB84AE6CECEE" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Pseudois</emphasis>
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Hodgson 1846
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</taxonomicName>
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(2 species)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C6F0143B2745E550C93BE385A2C47E1" pageNumber="699">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="6A9419E371E62774ECE35CAD876D449C" authority="de Blainville 1816" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Rupicapra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="699" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0651BE7AA9C0AAE56B40B73AA7FE46AD" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Rupicapra</emphasis>
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de Blainville 1816
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</taxonomicName>
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(2 species with 7 subspecies)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C92A3F82998328289CD4194857833FFB" pageNumber="699" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="809FBCAD0C55C179A26AD297A046005B" pageNumber="699">
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<emphasis id="EAA7376E21AC1B36590082A3EB596B0D" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="699">Discussion:</emphasis>
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Caprini includes
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<emphasis id="8C4AD06A2FF0C6A3857C08571FF2C6AA" italics="true" pageNumber="699">
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<taxonomicName id="F88D7EF89FE5648DEF94807518C4BB82" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ammotragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ammotragus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="DFD241B5FAE76659F899E796387740D5" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Capra</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="A5AF33F618F14ECD4AB3C3DABCF82880" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Hemitragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemitragus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="DC4D5216691EB12C9AE984827E2CC69C" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ovis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="659D201EF93CE7A9AD2011F39B93D4F8" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oreamnos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Oreamnos</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="1E54C1EB2BFEB7CA8E5951F3BF90C7FD" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1846" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Pseudois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudois</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="6FA7216A6095F1464C5682726614E1E5" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Rupicapra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="378D714E75B34B9BE54BE0578C3F105F" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Rupicapra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; Naemorhedini includes
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<taxonomicName id="1E0D8FB72741D75F54067C6D9A6999EB" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1836" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capricornis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="323CB7B6A6A86B0EF10EB561FA8AE848" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Capricornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="63A5415BB0BA69FB9C74D7C1962C4643" authorityName="C. H. Smith" authorityYear="1827" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Naemorhedus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="70EAE70DD507EB3E67B11D4D9B6D3D87" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Naemorhedus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; Ovibovini includes
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<taxonomicName id="E50B210C40A150E0082A77E729A838F4" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1850" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Budorcas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B1BABA88EA27A40354B98486040959E6" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Budorcas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="57B2B79E8D4D40E6F33440EEDC1EA8F4" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovibos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="62BF2BB59B904E7D289DF8F59D9C4E33" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Ovibos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; Pantholopini includes
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<taxonomicName id="C10E5307219F3006B83B933940B9D223" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1834" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Pantholops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2807A53A8BC9D104A676DCB189DE0999" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Pantholops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Placing of
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<taxonomicName id="0E2D29AA07B5928E1367B3CC1334AFEE" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1834" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Pantholops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="85A6A4B6109B5D36DE6A87FB2DF6979D" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Pantholops</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8D85BDCA198E4EBA058AABB84D18FB2F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Caprinae">Caprinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
is supported by morphological and molecular studies (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="5290B546530F05D9C4F6E48212E3C90A" author="Gatesy, J. & G. Amato & E. Vrba & G. Schaller & R. De Salle" refId="ref114878" refString="Gatesy, J., G. Amato, E. Vrba, G. Schaller, and R. De Salle. 1997. A cladistic analysis of mitochondrial DNA from the Bovidae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 7: 303 - 319." year="1997">Gatesy et al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="23D2F6E8E93B6860273CAAFD2AD90067" author="Gentry, A. W." refId="ref118151" refString="Gentry, A. W. 1992. The subfamilies and tribes of the family Bovidae. Mammal Review, 22: 1 - 32." year="1992">Gentry, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="54237869FCCEBFDD4CFCA35C34189DB7" author="Hassanin, A. & E. Pasquet & J. - D. Vigne" refId="ref142247" refString="Hassanin, A., E. Pasquet, and J. - D. Vigne. 1998. Molecular systematics of the subfamily Caprinae (Artiodactyhla, Bovidae) as determined from cytochrome b sequences. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 5: 217 - 236." year="1998">Hassanin et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="31E2388F7CDAD980224A56342AD814C8" author="Vrba, E. S. & G. B. Schaller" refId="ref379129" refString="Vrba, E. S., and G. B. Schaller. 2000. Phylogeny of Bovidae based on behavior, glands, skulls, and postcrania. Pp. 203 - 222, in Antelopes, deer, and relatives. Fossil record, behavioral ecology, systematics, and conservation (E. S. Vrba and G. B. Schaller, eds.). Yale University Press, New Haven, 341 pp." year="2000">Vrba and Schaller, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). It may be the sister taxon of all other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="70713B881954E7E92C42A646316865A7" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Caprinae">Caprinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Relationshiops in the rest of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D0D711A63F684E8117224DAA00CB37F3" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Caprinae">Caprinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
are problematical.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="504465C0A58AFB8B6B25C0903A00D644" author="Nadler, C. F. & K. V. Korobitsina & R. S. Hoffmann & N. N. Vorontsov" refId="ref255361" refString="Nadler, C. F., K. V. Korobitsina, R. S. Hoffmann, and N. N. Vorontsov. 1973. Cytogenetic differentiation, geographic distribution and domestication in Palearctic sheep (Ovis). Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 38: 109 - 125." year="1973">Nadler et al. (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
noted identity of karyotypes in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6383F24A3DB028E3AE0076344D6C97C6" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ammotragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="AA4D81EFEA9EBB79288389534C0D199B" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Ammotragus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ED004C54B7D89AA1C9F1544C8D65C1C2" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="9741ECAA14338C5717EB81ABD1AC11D0" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Ovis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5D3CB11193483148CFF32EE9CFEDF57A" authorityName="Eversmann" authorityYear="1850" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aries" subSpecies="arkar">
|
|
<emphasis id="EACBB5EEB0541D73AAC19205477E7F59" italics="true" pageNumber="699">O. aries arkar</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). From electrophoresis of proteins,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AD31191CCE94C7E009DF533EF5CEBD7E" author="Hartl, G. B. & R. Willing & G. Lang & F. Klein & J. Koller" refId="ref142017" refString="Hartl, G. B., R. Willing, G. Lang, F. Klein, and J. Koller. 1990. Genetic variability and differentiation in red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) of Central Europe. Genetics Selection Evolution, 22: 289 - 306." year="1990">Hartl et al. (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
obtained the following tree: (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="26CC5F69FDD138FFF8B59F76D1887EF8" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="6264A4830BD7AD138EEBEF091D2E1BBC" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Ovis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) ((
|
|
<emphasis id="C24267EC96009C7D30A67654E261C3D1" italics="true" pageNumber="699">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8F264C51C2C0C7BE054A9E05C713767B" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Rupicapra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rupicapra</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="724C64C632781915BD2C36ECA503C308" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oreamnos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Oreamnos</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
) ((
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0977A2B310229E5A108244F5D3F934C7" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Hemitragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="30083835AF991E986BBF1099DC0FB729" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Hemitragus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) (
|
|
<emphasis id="36AF544F31CF658E24A542CB4BC4E24E" italics="true" pageNumber="699">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="763382E82CEFCC5C15F4CA0C71DB4BB2" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ammotragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ammotragus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3BBB3A522FC857B2DAD0026F1633B880" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Capra</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
))).
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D904D2D7C99862EFAA55C0B3CBEA8652" author="Hassanin, A. & E. Pasquet & J. - D. Vigne" refId="ref142247" refString="Hassanin, A., E. Pasquet, and J. - D. Vigne. 1998. Molecular systematics of the subfamily Caprinae (Artiodactyhla, Bovidae) as determined from cytochrome b sequences. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 5: 217 - 236." year="1998">Hassanin et al. (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
recognised three clades on the basis of their studies of cytochrome
|
|
<emphasis id="9A045BD3989F2F6EC2D08FE92C81D974" italics="true" pageNumber="699">b</emphasis>
|
|
sequences, namely (1)
|
|
<emphasis id="D83D7465CE93D7018220342E1F458272" italics="true" pageNumber="699">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B811383E2111DA688C87C6BE1A92532D" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1836" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capricornis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Capricornis</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C6FD0B31AFE469D8749AC345106F7F7D" authorityName="C. H. Smith" authorityYear="1827" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Naemorhedus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Naemorhedus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="292F095FB06C009C747ACA00FC53E90A" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovibos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ovibos</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
; (2)
|
|
<emphasis id="B886461AB206BB53D53451B9BF7FAE25" italics="true" pageNumber="699">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="822590D0E53B65D12B09EC24644359C1" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Capra</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BFA44EB4BFC36835B1AC173A3DB82EE7" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Hemitragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemitragus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="85D1C07A6647D8C5EB1FA91B4DA199F7" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1846" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Pseudois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudois</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
; and (3)
|
|
<emphasis id="8D881D898E44E5A69EE1DDE59DE90A91" italics="true" pageNumber="699">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CB3D0CA2F7FBADE4B283CD449B316BFE" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1850" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Budorcas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Budorcas</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="287B647BBA271D44D54F7D652C78A348" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ovis</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
; with the positions of
|
|
<emphasis id="E351ED78ED3052C1DD437DEFAE93E858" italics="true" pageNumber="699">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7F145B1B936747FEA723AE226215547C" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ammotragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ammotragus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="83D9015BFC8649A42A9C885BED70D17D" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oreamnos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Oreamnos</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="690021AC5875183D3EB18E798B5321B3" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Rupicapra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="28197D46585229EC7D1108A30D194768" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Rupicapra</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
less certain; Ovibovini hence appeared to be polyphyletic. The tree based on behavior, glands, skull and postcrania (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="75371C5F68D2CCC6264A5EE125401A78" author="Vrba, E. S. & G. B. Schaller" refId="ref379129" refString="Vrba, E. S., and G. B. Schaller. 2000. Phylogeny of Bovidae based on behavior, glands, skulls, and postcrania. Pp. 203 - 222, in Antelopes, deer, and relatives. Fossil record, behavioral ecology, systematics, and conservation (E. S. Vrba and G. B. Schaller, eds.). Yale University Press, New Haven, 341 pp." year="2000">Vrba and Schaller, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) is of the following form: (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5C87A9FA775AA869FC39349F62D1F880" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1850" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Budorcas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="7FC2CC83DA6A78F77030922B984A7FF8" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Budorcas</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) ((
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CFBB2CFDE2C9361F7396C1AE26CA5820" authorityName="de Blainville" authorityYear="1816" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovibos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="5A2B976254EAC219CEB3BE380CC4A623" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Ovibos</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) ((
|
|
<taxonomicName id="84F467AE738F67CE46B1467DDE89F825" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Oreamnos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="9494F2E10702C59FBDAF941CF44177D3" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Oreamnos</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) (
|
|
<emphasis id="E6B82AE8F614769713AD379CF59E3DB7" italics="true" pageNumber="699">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="30D2E2C39BB33ECA2FC317C2883E5846" authorityName="C. H. Smith" authorityYear="1827" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Naemorhedus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Naemorhedus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="14931B53C18B6D52618E7E799E582150" authorityName="Ogilby" authorityYear="1836" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capricornis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Capricornis</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
)))) ((
|
|
<taxonomicName id="57561928030BB791D20341DAE6FD1754" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Ovis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="1C6B67AD41BBF7083692B881CFDB897D" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Ovis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) ((
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0C4FFC44BAA67A6AEC874518DB23696C" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1846" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Pseudois" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="24C02321CFC1CD577B45A231908F2490" italics="true" pageNumber="699">Pseudois</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) (
|
|
<emphasis id="5023224326A741ED637413E4649FD407" italics="true" pageNumber="699">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C454D6A629755003DD44B28561199CAE" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Capra</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41411A59BC750F3BA33514DA8C64A933" authorityName="Hodgson" authorityYear="1841" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Hemitragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hemitragus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
))). Distribution reviewed by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2F5CE05EB0C3972D8B3D817D048956DF" author="Shackleton, D. M." refId="ref324413" refString="Shackleton, D. M. (ed.) 1997. Wild sheep and goats and their relatives. Status survey and conservation action plan for Caprinae. I. U. C. N., Gland, Switzerland. 390 pp." year="1997">Shackleton (1997)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |