847 lines
98 KiB
XML
847 lines
98 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.40.7973" ID-PMC="PMC4154306" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-40-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFB6FF88FFE2B53E5D3FFF8F6B6F0639" ID-PubMed="25197228" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576244" ModsDocID="1314-2003-40-1" checkinTime="1451251714908" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="de Lange, Peter J." docDate="2014" docId="BFF0E97D8ED29505F62EAF049CC4E90E" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 40: 1-185" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 40" docPubDate="2014-08-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.40.7973" docTitle="Kunzea triregensis de Lange 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFB6FF88FFE2B53E5D3FFF8F6B6F0639" lastPageNumber="75" masterDocId="FFB6FF88FFE2B53E5D3FFF8F6B6F0639" masterDocTitle="A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex" masterLastPageNumber="185" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="70" updateTime="1668141164457" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (Myrtaceae) complex</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>de Lange, Peter J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Conservation, Private Bag 68908 Newton, Auckland 1145, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2014-08-26</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>40</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>185</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.40.7973</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.40.7973</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-40-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFB6FF88FFE2B53E5D3FFF8F6B6F0639</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576244</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152025373" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BFF0E97D8ED29505F62EAF049CC4E90E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BFF0E97D8ED29505F62EAF049CC4E90E" lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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8.
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<taxonomicName LSID="BFF0E97D-8ED2-9505-F62E-AF049CC4E90E" authority="de Lange" authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis" status="sp. nov.">Kunzea triregensis de Lange</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="69" pageNumber="70">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="latin">
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">A K. linearis foliis lanceolatis vel anguste lanceolatis, inflorescentibus elongatis, bracteis floralibus ellipticis vel lanceolatis effusis, hypanthio late obconico vel campanulato differt. Etiam ordine rDNA ETS a K. linearis recedit.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Holotype</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 40" captionStartId="F40" captionText="Figure 40. Holotype of Kunzea triregensis de Lange (P. J. de Lange s. n., AK 226797)." pageId="69" pageNumber="70">40</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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New Zealand, Three Kings Islands group, Great Island, Lighthouse,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-34.15">34°9'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="172" direction="east" minutes="8" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="172.13333">172°8'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 280 m a.s.l. 'Forming a tree up to 8 m. Leaves with hairs fringing lamina, showing up as white margins on fresh
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<normalizedToken originalValue="material’">material'</normalizedToken>
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P. J. de Lange s.n., 4 Dec 1995, AK 226797! Isotypes. AD!
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="69" pageNumber="70" start="Figure 40" startId="F40">
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Figure 40.</emphasis>
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Holotype of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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de Lange (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">P. J. de Lange s.n.</emphasis>
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, AK 226797).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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The specific epithet
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">triregensis</emphasis>
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refers to this species being endemic to the Three Kings Island group. The recognition of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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brings to 15 the number of endemic vascular plant taxa recognised for the Three Kings Island group.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
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(Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Distinguishing features of Kunzea triregensis. A Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 246881) B, B 1 Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 246881) C Adaxial leaf surface (AK 246881) D Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 246881) E Adaxial leaf apex and leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 246881); (F 1) Pherophylls (ex cult. AK 46881); (F 2) Vegetative leaves (ex cult. AK 246881) G Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 246881) H Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 246881) I Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 246881) J Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 246881) K Stamens (ex cult. AK 246881) L Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 246881). Scale bars: (A, F) 10 mm; (B-E, G-L) 1 mm." pageId="69" pageNumber="70">41</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea triregensis. (A-C all AK 207160) Branchlet indumentum D-G Seeds (AK 289067). Scale bars: (A, D) 1 mm; (B, C, E-G) 100 μm." pageId="69" pageNumber="70">42</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Kunzea triregensis. A Kunzea triregensis forest, Three Kings Islands group, Manawatawhi / Great Island looking east to North East Island (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Interior of Kunzea triregensis forest, Three Kings Island group, Manawatawhi / Great Island, Tasman Stream (photo: P. J. de Lange) C Kunzea triregensis in full flower, Three Kings, Manawatawhi / Great Island, near Lighthouse (photo: P. J. de Lange) D Kunzea triregensis showing elongate botryum, pherophylls and buds just prior to bud burst (photo: J. E. Braggins); Kunzea triregensis showing elongate botryum, pherophylls, buds and flowers (photo: J. E. Braggins)." pageId="69" pageNumber="70">43</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="70" pageNumber="71" start="start">Growth</pageBreakToken>
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habit
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</emphasis>
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mostly trees up to 18
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3 m, forming a broadly rounded to somewhat spreading canopy with the lower 50-70% of the trunk usually completely devoid of branches.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Trunk</emphasis>
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1(-4), 0.10-0.60(-0.85) m d.b.h., mostly erect; basal portion of trunks covered with numerous semi-detached, long somewhat tabular lengths of rather corky-coriaceous bark.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Bark</emphasis>
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early bark firmly coriaceous, grey or grey-brown,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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elongate, usually bearing a few transverse cracks (especially on branch flanges and decurrent leaf bases) otherwise remaining firmly attached, margins elongate sinuous,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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entire with scarcely any flaking; old bark similar though more distinctly corky-coriaceous, tessellated, firmly attached, detaching basally with age, and peeling upwards along trunk in broad, tabular strips, margins
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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entire to weakly irregular; upper surface often deeply corrugated and cracked but not peeling; margins sinuous to lunate; early and old bark flakes firm, not crumbling in hand, snapping with a
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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entire margin.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Branches</emphasis>
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numerous, usually confined to the upper 30-50% of trunk; upright to somewhat spreading; branchlets numerous, slender,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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quadrangular to subterete, leaves
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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evenly spaced along length; branchlets sericeous, indumentum copious; hairs long appressed, usually flexuose (220-)480(-520)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long, hyaline to translucent (appearing white when young, maturing grey).
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Vegetative buds</emphasis>
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conspicuous; at resting stage 1.0(-2.2) mm diam., narrowly lanceolate; scales absent.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Leaves</emphasis>
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sessile, well spaced along branchlets, spreading, patent to recurved; lamina (6.0-)10.0(-13.5)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(1.1-)1.8(-2.3) mm, dark glossy green above, paler beneath with leaf margins and midrib appearing distinctly white because of dense hair growth; lamina lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate; usually strongly recurved for about half of total length; apex acute to narrowly acute, base attenuate; adaxial surface usually deeply concave to weakly so, very rarely flat, oil glands not evident when fresh, conspicuous when dry, up to c.200; midrib slightly raised near base, otherwise not evident for rest of length, finely covered in antrorse-appressed, silky hairs in lower 50-70% otherwise glabrous; abaxial surface convex to v-shaped, glandular punctate, oil glands up to 200, more evident when dry; midrib raised for most of length, densely silky hairy to leaf apex, hairs weakly flexuose, antrorse-appressed, up to 0.8 mm long, hyaline to translucent, appearing as white to naked eye; lamina margin completely obscured by dense covering of antrorse-appressed hairs aligned in a thick, up to 0.6 mm wide, almost plumose, white band meeting at leaf apex and continuous down branchlets along decurrent leaf bases.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Perules</emphasis>
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squamiform,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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persistent grading into pherophylls, (4.0-)8.2(-11.8)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(0.9-)1.6(-2.2) mm; dark glossy green, broadly oblong to oblanceolate, usually strongly recurved, weakly concave, oil glands not evident when fresh, conspicuous when dry, up to c.80, margins
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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flat, margins and midrib densely covered in sericeous, appressed, hairs, midrib weakly keeled.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Inflorescence</emphasis>
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an elongated (3-)10(-20)-flowered botryum up to 200 mm long, basal portion sometimes bearing compact, lateral 3-flowered corymbiform botrya, or with the basal and terminal portions occasionally bearing lateral elongate botyra; distal 70% often interrupted by sections of leafy perules between which are spaced further flowers; or interrupted by short floral shoots bearing elongated 3-6-flowered botrya up to 20 mm long; terminal portion often bearing undeveloped flowers and vegetative terminal growth. Inflorescence axis densely invested in antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose, hairs.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Pherophylls</emphasis>
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persistent, foliose, (6.0-)9.8(-12.8)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(0.9-)1.8(-2.2) mm, dark glossy green, elliptic, broadly lanceolate to lanceolate; strongly recurved, to about half of total length or flat; apex acute, base attenuate; adaxial surface usually deeply concave to weakly so, oil glands not evident when fresh, conspicuous when dry, up to c. 80 (usually fewer); midrib slightly raised near base, otherwise not evident for rest of length, finely covered in antrorse-appressed, silky hairs for whole length; abaxial surface deeply convex, glandular punctate, oil glands up to 100 (usually fewer), more evident when dry; midrib raised for most of length, densely covered in antrorse-appressed, silky hairs to apex, lamina margin obscured by dense covering of antrorse-appressed, silky hairs.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Pedicels</emphasis>
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subsessile to pedicellate (0.4-)1.3(-3.7) mm long at anthesis, usually elongating slightly after anthesis, terete, copiously invested in antrorse-appressed, weakly flexuose, silky hairs.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Flower buds</emphasis>
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double-conic to ovoid, calyx lobes prior to bud burst mostly not or scarcely meeting, held flat across bud surface, occasionally suberect with lobes
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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meeting. Fresh flowers when fully expanded (6.3-)10.2(-12.3) mm diam., usually reducing in size toward end of flowering season.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Hypanthium</emphasis>
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(1.6-)2.8(-4.4)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(2.0-)3.0(-4.6) mm, with free portion 0.6-0.8 mm long, dark green or red-green, drying green-brown or red-brown; hemispherical to broadly obconic, sometimes campanulate or rarely cupular, terminating in dark-green to red-green coriaceous rim bearing five persistent erect calyx lobes; hypanthium surface when fresh, smooth to faintly ribbed, faintly and sparingly dotted with pink or colourless oil glands, densely to sparsely covered in silky, appressed antrorse hairs; similar when dry though with the ribs more strongly defined and clearly leading up to calyx lobes. Calyx lobes 5, erect, coriaceous, (0.5-)0.9(-1.3)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(0.3-)0.5(-0.8) mm, persistent, deltoid to ovate-deltoid, green to red-green, prominently keeled, with keel usually slightly darker-coloured and densely covered in antrorse-appressed, hairs; margins pale green often flushed pink, glabrescent, surface somewhat glandular punctate, oil glands inconspicuous,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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colourless. Receptacle green at anthesis, consistently darkening to crimson after fertilisation.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Petals</emphasis>
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5(-6), (1.3-)2.8(-4.3)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(1.9-)2.8(-4.8) mm, white, orbicular to broadly ovate, apex rounded, margins
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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finely and irregularly denticulate, often when fresh appearing to be finely folded or crimped 1-3 or more times, oil glands colourless.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Stamens</emphasis>
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30-46(-53) in 1(-3) weakly defined whorls, arising from receptacular rim, filaments white. Antipetalous stamens (2-)3(-5) sometimes petaloid, antisepalous stamens (3-)4(-6). Outermost antipetalous stamens incurved or weakly outcurved, on filaments 1.0-3.8 mm long, inner stamen if present, 0.9-1.8 mm, incurved, with a further 1-3 stamens, of similar length to inner stamen often present at the base of the outermost antipetalous pair. Antisepalous stamens usually shorter than outermost antipetalous stamens, but sometimes of comparable length, generally 0.9-3.8 mm, weakly to strongly incurved, rarely outcurved, usually in mixtures of both. Anthers dorsifixed, 0.05-0.10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.06-0.08 mm, testicular-ellipsoid, latrorse. Pollen white (12.0-)13.8(-16.0)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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. Anther connective gland prominent, pink or golden-yellow when fresh, drying yellow to pale orange, spheroidal, finely to coarsely papillate.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Ovary</emphasis>
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4(-5) locular, each with 20-24(-38) ovules in two rows on each placental lobe. Style (1.9-)2.8(-3.1) mm long at anthesis, elongating after anthesis, white or pinkish-white; stigma broadly capitate, conspicuously wider than style,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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flat, greenish-white or pale pink, flushing red after anthesis, surface granular-papillate.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fruits</emphasis>
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long persistent, (1.9-)3.2(-5.2)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(2.0-)3.1(-4.9) mm, initially dark chestnut-brown to almost black, fading with age to grey, hemispherical, broadly obconic, campanulate to cupular; calyx valves usually prominently erect to suberect, rarely incurved, splits concealed by dried, erect, free portion of hypanthium.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Seeds</emphasis>
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0.50-1.00(-1.10)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.50-0.60(-0.80) mm, oblong, oblong-obovate, curved near apex, laterally compressed, 2-3-angled with convex to flattened faces, apex rounded to subacute, base oblique,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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flattened; testa semi-glossy, orange-brown to dark brown; surface coarsely reticulate. FL: (Oct-)Dec(-May). FT: Oct-May. Chromosome Number
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">n</emphasis>
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= 11II, 2
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">n</emphasis>
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= 22 (see
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<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Botany" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="609 - 617" publicationUrl="10.1071/BT04060" refId="B42" refString="de Lange, PJ, Murray, BG, 2004. Chromosome numbers in Kunzea (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 52: 609 - 617, DOI: 10.1071/BT04060" title="Chromosome numbers in Kunzea (Myrtaceae)." url="10.1071/BT04060" volume="52" year="2004">de Lange and Murray 2004</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="70" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 41" startId="F41">
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<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Figure 41.</emphasis>
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Distinguishing features of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
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Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 246881)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">B, B1</emphasis>
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Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 246881)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">C</emphasis>
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Adaxial leaf surface (AK 246881)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">D</emphasis>
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Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 246881)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">E</emphasis>
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Adaxial leaf apex and leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 246881); (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">F1</emphasis>
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) Pherophylls (ex cult. AK 46881); (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">F2</emphasis>
|
||
) Vegetative leaves (ex cult. AK 246881)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">G</emphasis>
|
||
Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 246881)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">H</emphasis>
|
||
Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 246881)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">I</emphasis>
|
||
Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 246881)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">J</emphasis>
|
||
Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 246881)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">K</emphasis>
|
||
Stamens (ex cult. AK 246881)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">L</emphasis>
|
||
Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 246881). Scale bars: (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">A, F</emphasis>
|
||
) 10 mm; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">B-E, G-L</emphasis>
|
||
) 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="70" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 42" startId="F42">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Figure 42.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning Electron Micrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">A-C</emphasis>
|
||
all AK 207160) Branchlet indumentum
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">D-G</emphasis>
|
||
Seeds (AK 289067). Scale bars: (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">A, D</emphasis>
|
||
) 1 mm; (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">B, C, E-G</emphasis>
|
||
) 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="70" pageNumber="71" start="Figure 43" startId="F43">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Figure 43.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forest, Three Kings Islands group, Manawatawhi / Great Island looking east to North East Island (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. J. de Lange</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">B</emphasis>
|
||
Interior of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
forest, Three Kings Island group, Manawatawhi / Great Island, Tasman Stream (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. J. de Lange</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in full flower, Three Kings, Manawatawhi / Great Island, near Lighthouse (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">P. J. de Lange</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing elongate botryum, pherophylls and buds just prior to bud burst (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">J. E. Braggins</emphasis>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing elongate botryum, pherophylls, buds and flowers (photo:
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">J. E. Braggins</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="representation specimens">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="71" pageNumber="72" start="start">Representation</pageBreakToken>
|
||
specimens
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">(30 sheets seen).</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">New Zealand, Three Kings Island group.</emphasis>
|
||
North East Island, G. F. Buddle s.n., 31 Dec 1947, (AK 24092); Manawatawhi / Great Island, T. F. Cheeseman s.n., Nov 1889., (AK 5516); Manawatawhi / Great Island, W. R. B. Oliver s.n., 20 Feb 1939, (WELT SP029481); Manawatawhi / Great Island, North East Bay, Isthmus Summit, P. J. de Lange 1105, 16 Oct 1991, (AK 207160, 207317, Duplicates: AD, CHR); Manawatawhi / Great Island, Tasman Stream, M. J. Thorsen s.n., 8 Apr 2000, AK 289060-289063; South-West Island, G. T. S. Baylis s.n., 10 Jan 1950, (OTA 3806); West Island, P. J. de Lange 3180, 5 Dec 1996, (AK 231919, Duplicate: HO).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Distribution of Kunzea ericoides, Kunzea salterae, Kunzea sinclairii, Kunzea tenuicaulis, Kunzea toelkenii, Kunzea triregensis and Kunzea " Lottin Point "." pageId="71" pageNumber="72">7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Endemic. Three Kings Island group (sea level - 296 m a.s.l.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="recognition">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Recognition.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a Three Kings Island group endemic, is the only New Zealand
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be truly allopatric.. It is recognised here at species rank through a combination of morphological, reproductive and molecular characters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="117 - 131" publicationUrl="10.1071/SB04043" refId="B44" refString="de Lange, PJ, Datson, PM, Murray, BG, Toelken, HR, 2005. Hybridism in the Kunzea ericoides complex (Myrtaceae): an analysis of artificial crosses. Australian Systematic Botany 18: 117 - 131, DOI: 10.1071/SB04043" title="Hybridism in the Kunzea ericoides complex (Myrtaceae): an analysis of artificial crosses." url="10.1071/SB04043" volume="18" year="2005">de Lange et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="University of Auckland, New Zealand" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B35" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2007. Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex. University of Auckland, New Zealand" title="Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex" year="2007">de Lange 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Distinguishing features of New Zealand Kunzea." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" tableUuid="3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949">1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Morphologically, the distinctive elongate botrya (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Distinguishing features of Kunzea triregensis. A Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 246881) B, B 1 Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 246881) C Adaxial leaf surface (AK 246881) D Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 246881) E Adaxial leaf apex and leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 246881); (F 1) Pherophylls (ex cult. AK 46881); (F 2) Vegetative leaves (ex cult. AK 246881) G Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 246881) H Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 246881) I Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 246881) J Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 246881) K Stamens (ex cult. AK 246881) L Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 246881). Scale bars: (A, F) 10 mm; (B-E, G-L) 1 mm." pageId="71" pageNumber="72">41A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 42" captionStartId="F42" captionText="Figure 42. Scanning Electron Micrographs of Kunzea triregensis. (A-C all AK 207160) Branchlet indumentum D-G Seeds (AK 289067). Scale bars: (A, D) 1 mm; (B, C, E-G) 100 μm." pageId="71" pageNumber="72">42D-E</figureCitation>
|
||
) of the species is seen otherwise only in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species from which
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs by its rDNA ETS sequence (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="University of Auckland, New Zealand" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B35" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2007. Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex. University of Auckland, New Zealand" title="Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex" year="2007">de Lange 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), homophyllous growth habit, and lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate leaves (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Distinguishing features of Kunzea triregensis. A Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 246881) B, B 1 Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 246881) C Adaxial leaf surface (AK 246881) D Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 246881) E Adaxial leaf apex and leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 246881); (F 1) Pherophylls (ex cult. AK 46881); (F 2) Vegetative leaves (ex cult. AK 246881) G Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 246881) H Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 246881) I Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 246881) J Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 246881) K Stamens (ex cult. AK 246881) L Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 246881). Scale bars: (A, F) 10 mm; (B-E, G-L) 1 mm." pageId="71" pageNumber="72">41B-F</figureCitation>
|
||
; Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Distinguishing features of New Zealand Kunzea." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" tableUuid="3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949">1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The peculiar ability of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inflorescence to produce, albeit infrequently, additional lateral elongate or reduced corymbiform botrya from the base and terminus of the main botryum further distinguishes it from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Prior to this treatment
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cheeseman, TF" journalOrPublisher="Government Printer, Wellington" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" publicationUrl="10.5962/bhl.title.12003" refId="B25" refString="Cheeseman, TF, 1906. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. Government Printer, Wellington, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.12003" title="Manual of the New Zealand Flora" url="10.5962/bhl.title.12003" year="1906">Cheeseman (1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cheeseman, TF" journalOrPublisher="Illustrations of the New Zealand Flora" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B26" refString="Cheeseman, TF, 1914. . Illustrations of the New Zealand Flora Vol. I" volume="Vol. I" year="1914">1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cheeseman, TF" journalOrPublisher="Government Printer, Wellington" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B27" refString="Cheeseman, TF, 1925. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. Government Printer, Wellington" title="Manual of the New Zealand Flora" year="1925">1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and some later authors who appear to have uncritically followed him (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Poole, AL" journalOrPublisher="Government Printer, Wellington" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refId="B105" refString="Poole, AL, Adams, NM, 1963. Trees and shrubs of New Zealand. Government Printer, Wellington" title="Trees and shrubs of New Zealand" year="1963">Poole and Adams 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wardle, J" journalOrPublisher="Bateson Publishing Ltd., Wellington" pageId="104" pageNumber="105" refId="B132" refString="Wardle, J, Platt, I, 2011. Native trees of New Zealand and their story. Bateson Publishing Ltd., Wellington" title="Native trees of New Zealand and their story" year="2011">Wardle and Platt 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) had referred
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the Aotea (Great Barrier Island) endemic
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Harris" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Kirk" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Kunzea sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kirk) W.Harris.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cheeseman’s">Cheeseman's</normalizedToken>
|
||
error is difficult to understand.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has no close morphological or molecular affinity to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Harris" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Kirk" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Kunzea sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and although Cheeseman never saw
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Harris" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Kirk" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Kunzea sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the wild he was furnished with specimens by Thomas Kirk, and indeed had it illustrated from these in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cheeseman, TF" journalOrPublisher="Illustrations of the New Zealand Flora" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B26" refString="Cheeseman, TF, 1914. . Illustrations of the New Zealand Flora Vol. I" volume="Vol. I" year="1914">Cheeseman (1914)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The confusion may have arisen because on
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cheeseman’s">Cheeseman's</normalizedToken>
|
||
visit to Manawatawhi / Great Island, the largest island in the Three Kings Island group, he saw what he described as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘suberect’">'suberect'</normalizedToken>
|
||
plants growing on the 'declivities leading down to the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="cliffs’">cliffs'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cheeseman, TF" journalOrPublisher="Illustrations of the New Zealand Flora" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B26" refString="Cheeseman, TF, 1914. . Illustrations of the New Zealand Flora Vol. I" volume="Vol. I" year="1914">Cheeseman 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Further, because the leaf margins and abaxial midribs of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are copiously covered in white to silvery-white plumose hairs, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kirk, T" journalOrPublisher="Government Printer, Wellington" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" refId="B83" refString="Kirk, T, 1899. The students' flora of New Zealand and the outlying islands. Government Printer, Wellington" title="The students' flora of New Zealand and the outlying islands" year="1899">Kirk (1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; p.158) had emphasised 'white silky
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="hairs’">hairs'</normalizedToken>
|
||
in his description of the leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptospermum (Kunzea) sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii" subGenus="Kunzea">Leptospermum (Kunzea) sinclairii</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this may have influenced Cheeseman in his decision. It is also clear that
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cheeseman, TF" journalOrPublisher="Illustrations of the New Zealand Flora" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B26" refString="Cheeseman, TF, 1914. . Illustrations of the New Zealand Flora Vol. I" volume="Vol. I" year="1914">Cheeseman (1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; caption facing
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Leptospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Leptospermum sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Leptospermum sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 47) had doubts as to the validity of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Harris" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Kirk" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Kunzea sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, though he did conclude that Three Kings Islands plants had 'leaves [that] were slightly narrower than in the Barrier
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="plant’">plant'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Whatever the reason for
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cheeseman’s">Cheeseman's</normalizedToken>
|
||
decision,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs markedly from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Harris" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Kirk" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Kunzea sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, indeed it was referred by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Oliver, WRB" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="211 - 238" refId="B99" refString="Oliver, WRB, 1948. The flora of the Three Kings Islands. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 3: 211 - 238" title="The flora of the Three Kings Islands." volume="3" year="1948">Oliver (1948)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
|
||
Nevertheless, to clarify any further ambiguity, some distinctions between
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="72" pageNumber="73" start="start">Kunzea</pageBreakToken>
|
||
triregensis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Harris" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Kirk" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Kunzea sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are here offered (see also Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Distinguishing features of New Zealand Kunzea." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" tableUuid="3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949">1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually a forest tree rather than a scrambling shrub. Although prostrate forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are known from the wild, cultivation has shown that these are environmentally induced, unlike the genetically fixed scrambling condition of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Harris" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Kirk" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Kunzea sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These two species differ markedly by their leaf colour, shape and degree of investiture (in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the leaves are dark green, lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate with the lamina margins and abaxial midrib copiously covered in white hairs, and the intervening lamina glabrous; in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Harris" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Kirk" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Kunzea sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the leaves are consistently grey-green to grey, broadly lanceolate, elliptic to oblanceolate and completely hairy). Another key difference is the inflorescence. In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
these are consistently in the form of an elongate botryum with leafy pherophylls, while
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Harris" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Kirk" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Kunzea sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has corymbiform botrya with small, deciduous pherophylls (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Distinguishing features of New Zealand Kunzea." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" tableUuid="3FB618715E68892343EC557C41B7D949">1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="73" pageNumber="74" start="start">Kunzea</pageBreakToken>
|
||
triregensis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also been confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea tiregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea tiregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its more openly vegetated, less densely crowded branchlets, and by the leaves which in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are consistently lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate rather than linear (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Distinguishing features of Kunzea triregensis. A Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 246881) B, B 1 Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 246881) C Adaxial leaf surface (AK 246881) D Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 246881) E Adaxial leaf apex and leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 246881); (F 1) Pherophylls (ex cult. AK 46881); (F 2) Vegetative leaves (ex cult. AK 246881) G Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 246881) H Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 246881) I Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 246881) J Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 246881) K Stamens (ex cult. AK 246881) L Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 246881). Scale bars: (A, F) 10 mm; (B-E, G-L) 1 mm." pageId="73" pageNumber="74">41C-F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Further, in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the thick bands of marginal and abaxial midrib hairs meet at the leaf apex, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the marginal hairs meet just short of the adaxial face of the apex (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Distinguishing features of Kunzea triregensis. A Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 246881) B, B 1 Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 246881) C Adaxial leaf surface (AK 246881) D Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 246881) E Adaxial leaf apex and leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 246881); (F 1) Pherophylls (ex cult. AK 46881); (F 2) Vegetative leaves (ex cult. AK 246881) G Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 246881) H Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 246881) I Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 246881) J Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 246881) K Stamens (ex cult. AK 246881) L Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 246881). Scale bars: (A, F) 10 mm; (B-E, G-L) 1 mm." pageId="73" pageNumber="74">41E</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the abaxial midrib hairs stop short of the apex. The inflorescence of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is consistently elongated and the flowers are usually widely spaced, only in stressed conditions becoming more crowded (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Distinguishing features of Kunzea triregensis. A Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 246881) B, B 1 Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 246881) C Adaxial leaf surface (AK 246881) D Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 246881) E Adaxial leaf apex and leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 246881); (F 1) Pherophylls (ex cult. AK 46881); (F 2) Vegetative leaves (ex cult. AK 246881) G Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 246881) H Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 246881) I Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 246881) J Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 246881) K Stamens (ex cult. AK 246881) L Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 246881). Scale bars: (A, F) 10 mm; (B-E, G-L) 1 mm." pageId="73" pageNumber="74">41A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Kunzea triregensis. A Kunzea triregensis forest, Three Kings Islands group, Manawatawhi / Great Island looking east to North East Island (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Interior of Kunzea triregensis forest, Three Kings Island group, Manawatawhi / Great Island, Tasman Stream (photo: P. J. de Lange) C Kunzea triregensis in full flower, Three Kings, Manawatawhi / Great Island, near Lighthouse (photo: P. J. de Lange) D Kunzea triregensis showing elongate botryum, pherophylls and buds just prior to bud burst (photo: J. E. Braggins); Kunzea triregensis showing elongate botryum, pherophylls, buds and flowers (photo: J. E. Braggins)." pageId="73" pageNumber="74">43C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, the inflorescence of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is usually a condensed, densely packed spiciform botryum. However, in shade forms or late season flowering specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the inflorescences may elongate considerably, in which case distinction between
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
using inflorescence type is less clear. In shade specimens, the early season inflorescences of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will still show the typically condensed spiciform condition, and the flowers are mostly sessile to subsessile rather than the mostly pedicellate to subsessile condition of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The pherophylls of both species are also diagnostic; those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are consistently linear while those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are elliptic or broadly lanceolate to lanceolate (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Distinguishing features of Kunzea triregensis. A Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 246881) B, B 1 Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 246881) C Adaxial leaf surface (AK 246881) D Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 246881) E Adaxial leaf apex and leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 246881); (F 1) Pherophylls (ex cult. AK 46881); (F 2) Vegetative leaves (ex cult. AK 246881) G Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 246881) H Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 246881) I Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 246881) J Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 246881) K Stamens (ex cult. AK 246881) L Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 246881). Scale bars: (A, F) 10 mm; (B-E, G-L) 1 mm." pageId="73" pageNumber="74">41A</figureCitation>
|
||
). While the the calyx lobes of mature flower buds of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may sometimes be suberect and touching, and therefore resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the usual condition is that the calyx lobes are held flat or curved across the domed bud surface, and do not touch (see Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 41" captionStartId="F41" captionText="Figure 41. Distinguishing features of Kunzea triregensis. A Flowering branchlet (ex cult. AK 246881) B, B 1 Vegetative bud and branchlet indumentum (ex cult. AK 246881) C Adaxial leaf surface (AK 246881) D Abaxial leaf surface (ex cult. AK 246881) E Adaxial leaf apex and leaf margin indumentum (ex cult. AK 246881); (F 1) Pherophylls (ex cult. AK 46881); (F 2) Vegetative leaves (ex cult. AK 246881) G Flower (top view) (ex cult. AK 246881) H Flower and hypanthium (side view) (ex cult. AK 246881) I Flower cross section showing anther, style and ovules (ex cult. AK 246881) J Style and stigma (ex cult. AK 246881) K Stamens (ex cult. AK 246881) L Dehisced fruit (ex cult. AK 246881). Scale bars: (A, F) 10 mm; (B-E, G-L) 1 mm." pageId="73" pageNumber="74">41A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Kunzea triregensis. A Kunzea triregensis forest, Three Kings Islands group, Manawatawhi / Great Island looking east to North East Island (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Interior of Kunzea triregensis forest, Three Kings Island group, Manawatawhi / Great Island, Tasman Stream (photo: P. J. de Lange) C Kunzea triregensis in full flower, Three Kings, Manawatawhi / Great Island, near Lighthouse (photo: P. J. de Lange) D Kunzea triregensis showing elongate botryum, pherophylls and buds just prior to bud burst (photo: J. E. Braggins); Kunzea triregensis showing elongate botryum, pherophylls, buds and flowers (photo: J. E. Braggins)." pageId="73" pageNumber="74">43D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cytologically the chromosome karyotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has none of the marked size differences typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Botany" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="609 - 617" publicationUrl="10.1071/BT04060" refId="B42" refString="de Lange, PJ, Murray, BG, 2004. Chromosome numbers in Kunzea (Myrtaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 52: 609 - 617, DOI: 10.1071/BT04060" title="Chromosome numbers in Kunzea (Myrtaceae)." url="10.1071/BT04060" volume="52" year="2004">de Lange and Murray 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Further, the ETS sequence of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is particularly distinctive and that species shows no obvious relationship to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="University of Auckland, New Zealand" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B35" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2007. Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex. University of Auckland, New Zealand" title="Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex" year="2007">de Lange 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is because of these distinctions that allopatric
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is treated at species rank.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
Five collections of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the two main islands of the Poor Knights Island group, Aorangi (e.g., L. B. Moore s.n. & L. M. Cranwell (AK 102471)) and Tawhiti Rahi (e.g., B. S. Parris s.n. (AK 128064); A. E. Wright 3970 (AK 155364); A. E. Wright 11413 (AK 201664); E. K. Cameron 10274 (AK 252512)), are morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The Tawhiti Rahi specimens differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly by their extremely linear leaves which are densely crowded along the branchlets, and which range from being rather hairy to almost glabrous. Otherwise the plants have elongate botrya similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the fruits of these specimens are mostly barrel-shaped to cupular and vary from glabrate to distinctly hairy. These are features of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from which they differ by their shorter (up to 8 mm long) mostly spreading rather than ascending leaves, and shortly pedicellate rather than sessile fruits. The sole gathering from Aorangi is even more like
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in that it has much broader lanceolate leaves but the fruits differ in that they are glabrate, up to 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
5 mm, mostly barrel-shaped (with a very few broadly obconic), and more or less consistently long-pedicellate. As both
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been collected from the Poor Knights Island group, these five gatherings are most likely examples of an introgressed hybrid swarm involving these two species. The distinctly linear-leaved Tawhiti Rahi plants are closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while the Aorangi specimen is closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Seed that I have germinated from Aorangi Island (Poor Knights Island group) examples of these plants suggested they are also hybrids, as the seedlings showed clear segregation to both the postulated parents. It is plants such as these that appear to be the basis for the erroneous statement by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hynes, P" journalOrPublisher="Auckland Botanical Society Newsletter" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="4 - 7" refId="B79" refString="Hynes, P, 1950. [untitled]. Auckland Botanical Society Newsletter 8: 4 - 7" title="[untitled]." volume="8" year="1950">Hynes (1950)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="W. Harris" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Kirk" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea sinclairii" order="Myrtales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Kunzea sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found on the Poor Knights Islands (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" pagination="433 - 468" publicationUrl="10.1080/0028825X.1999.9512646" refId="B38" refString="de Lange, PJ, Cameron, EK, 1999. The vascular flora of Aorangi Island, Poor Knights Islands, northern New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 37: 433 - 468, DOI: 10.1080/0028825X.1999.9512646" title="The vascular flora of Aorangi Island, Poor Knights Islands, northern New Zealand." url="10.1080/0028825X.1999.9512646" volume="37" year="1999">de Lange and Cameron 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; p. 464).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="74" lastPageNumber="75" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
The DNA sequence data placed
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="74" pageNumber="75" start="start">Kunzea</pageBreakToken>
|
||
triregensis
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
next to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea robusta" order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robusta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kunzea robusta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="University of Auckland, New Zealand" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B35" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2007. Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex. University of Auckland, New Zealand" title="Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex" year="2007">de Lange 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), from which it differs only by the presence of an indel within the ETS sequence at alignment position 269 (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Sites of character variability within Australian and New Zealand taxa and informal entities of the Kunzea ericoides complex (from de Lange 2007)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C5BA8EFB616C850CF6940B7296B075C0" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" tableUuid="C5BA8EFB616C850CF6940B7296B075C0">2</tableCitation>
|
||
). The same indel is universal to all the Australian members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex but was found in New Zealand otherwise only in a single sample from a
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea" order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kunzea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of uncertain status sampled from Lottin Point, East Cape (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="University of Auckland, New Zealand" pageId="98" pageNumber="99" refId="B35" refString="de Lange, PJ, 2007. Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex. University of Auckland, New Zealand" title="Biosystematics of the New Zealand Kunzea ericoides (A. Rich.) Joy Thomps. complex" year="2007">de Lange 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Sites of character variability within Australian and New Zealand taxa and informal entities of the Kunzea ericoides complex (from de Lange 2007)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C5BA8EFB616C850CF6940B7296B075C0" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" tableUuid="C5BA8EFB616C850CF6940B7296B075C0">2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the dominant woody tree on the Three Kings Island group where it occurs from near sea level to the summits of North East, Manawatawhi / Great Island (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Kunzea triregensis. A Kunzea triregensis forest, Three Kings Islands group, Manawatawhi / Great Island looking east to North East Island (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Interior of Kunzea triregensis forest, Three Kings Island group, Manawatawhi / Great Island, Tasman Stream (photo: P. J. de Lange) C Kunzea triregensis in full flower, Three Kings, Manawatawhi / Great Island, near Lighthouse (photo: P. J. de Lange) D Kunzea triregensis showing elongate botryum, pherophylls and buds just prior to bud burst (photo: J. E. Braggins); Kunzea triregensis showing elongate botryum, pherophylls, buds and flowers (photo: J. E. Braggins)." pageId="74" pageNumber="75">43A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and West Islands. On South West Island it seems to be naturally uncommon. The flora of Manawatahi / Great Island is an assemblage of what survived after at least 60 years of intensive goat (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Capra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Capra aegagrus subsp. hircus" order="Artiodactila" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="aegagrus" subSpecies="hircus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Capra aegagrus hircus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758)) browse (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baylis, GTS" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="239 - 252" refId="B6" refString="Baylis, GTS, 1948. Vegetation of Great Island, Three Kings Group. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 3: 239 - 252" title="Vegetation of Great Island, Three Kings Group." volume="3" year="1948">Baylis 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Baylis, GTS" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum" pageId="97" pageNumber="98" pagination="103 - 109" refId="B7" refString="Baylis, GTS, 1951. Incipient forest regeneration on Great Island, Three Kings group. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 4: 103 - 109" title="Incipient forest regeneration on Great Island, Three Kings group." volume="4" year="1951">1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Oliver, WRB" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" pagination="211 - 238" refId="B99" refString="Oliver, WRB, 1948. The flora of the Three Kings Islands. Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum 3: 211 - 238" title="The flora of the Three Kings Islands." volume="3" year="1948">Oliver 1948</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), thus it retains few truly tree-forming species, as these were mostly extirpated. Of the few that still exist, most have fruits that depend on large birds for dispersal, and, as these are now absent from the Three Kings, such trees remain trapped in places where the goats could not reach (mostly cliff refugia), and so are unable to spread. For this reason, following the eradication of goats from the island,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which would more usually be a short-lived successional forest species, has formed what is probably a self-sustaining forest type (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 43" captionStartId="F43" captionText="Figure 43. Kunzea triregensis. A Kunzea triregensis forest, Three Kings Islands group, Manawatawhi / Great Island looking east to North East Island (photo: P. J. de Lange) B Interior of Kunzea triregensis forest, Three Kings Island group, Manawatawhi / Great Island, Tasman Stream (photo: P. J. de Lange) C Kunzea triregensis in full flower, Three Kings, Manawatawhi / Great Island, near Lighthouse (photo: P. J. de Lange) D Kunzea triregensis showing elongate botryum, pherophylls and buds just prior to bud burst (photo: J. E. Braggins); Kunzea triregensis showing elongate botryum, pherophylls, buds and flowers (photo: J. E. Braggins)." pageId="74" pageNumber="75">43B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
As a result,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the dominant tree on Manawatawhi / Great Island, being scarce or absent only from steep, sparsely vegetated coastal cliffs, and boulder beaches. It is also common on North-East Island, though there it is being slowly replaced by
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Seem" authorityYear="1862" baseAuthorityName="Hook. f." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Meryta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Meryta sinclairii" order="Apiales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinclairii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Meryta sinclairii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hook.f.) Seem. forest. On the exposed wind shorn cliff tops of Manawatawhi / Great Island,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
presents often as environmentally induced decumbent to semi-erect, widely spreading bushy shrubs
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
On Manawatawhi / Great Island,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded as the host species for the threatened polypore fungus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="P. K. Buchanan & Ryvarden" authorityYear="2000" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Polyporaceae" genus="Dichomitus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Dichomitus newhookii" order="Polyporales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="newhookii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Dichomitus newhookii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
P.K.Buchanan et Ryvarden (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McKenzie, EHC" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="101" pageNumber="102" pagination="293 - 335" publicationUrl="10.1080/0028825X.2006.9513025" refId="B85" refString="McKenzie, EHC, Johnston, PR, Buchanan, PK, 2006. Checklist of fungi on tea tree (Kunzea and Leptospermum species) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 44: 293 - 335, DOI: 10.1080/0028825X.2006.9513025" title="Checklist of fungi on tea tree (Kunzea and Leptospermum species) in New Zealand." url="10.1080/0028825X.2006.9513025" volume="44" year="2006">McKenzie et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The bark of the mature trees also provides a refuge for an unnamed gecko (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Araucariaceae" genus="Woodworthia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Woodworthia" order="Pinales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Woodworthia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
"Three Kings") endemic to the Three Kings Island group (R. Hitchmough pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="hybridism">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Hybridism.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, being allopatric from the other New Zealand members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides" order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kunzea ericoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group does not naturally form hybrids. However, experimental hybrids were readily produced using
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as pistillate or staminate parent (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="117 - 131" publicationUrl="10.1071/SB04043" refId="B44" refString="de Lange, PJ, Datson, PM, Murray, BG, Toelken, HR, 2005. Hybridism in the Kunzea ericoides complex (Myrtaceae): an analysis of artificial crosses. Australian Systematic Botany 18: 117 - 131, DOI: 10.1071/SB04043" title="Hybridism in the Kunzea ericoides complex (Myrtaceae): an analysis of artificial crosses." url="10.1071/SB04043" volume="18" year="2005">de Lange et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides subsp. aff." order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">Kunzea aff. ericoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Although the hybrid
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not synthesised (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Australian Systematic Botany" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" pagination="117 - 131" publicationUrl="10.1071/SB04043" refId="B44" refString="de Lange, PJ, Datson, PM, Murray, BG, Toelken, HR, 2005. Hybridism in the Kunzea ericoides complex (Myrtaceae): an analysis of artificial crosses. Australian Systematic Botany 18: 117 - 131, DOI: 10.1071/SB04043" title="Hybridism in the Kunzea ericoides complex (Myrtaceae): an analysis of artificial crosses." url="10.1071/SB04043" volume="18" year="2005">de Lange et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), putative wild hybrids show a great similarity to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, suggesting that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be a stable hybrid between these two species. Future research into the possible past hybrid origin of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including the synthesis of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea amathicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amathicola">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kunzea amathicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange et Toelken" authorityYear="2014" baseAuthorityName="de Lange et Toelken" baseAuthorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea linearis" order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kunzea linearis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be worthwhile.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="vernacular name">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Vernacular name.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to have no specific Maori name.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="74" pageNumber="75" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="de Lange" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea triregensis" order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triregensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kunzea triregensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Kunzea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kunzea ericoides subsp. aff." order="Myrtales" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ericoides">Kunzea aff. ericoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e) (AK 226797; Three Kings) is appropriately listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Department of Conservation, Wellington" pageId="99" pageNumber="100" publicationUrl="www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classfication-system-lists-2012-14/" refId="B47" refString="de Lange, PJ, Rolfe, JR, Champion, PD, Courtney, SP, Heenan, PB, Barkla, JW, Cameron, EK, Norton, DA, Hitchmough, DA, 2013b. Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular, 2012. Department of Conservation, Wellington, www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classfication-system-lists-2012-14/" title="Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular, 2012" url="www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/nz-threat-classification-system/nz-threat-classfication-system-lists-2012-14/" year="2013 b">de Lange et al. (2013b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as 'At Risk/Naturally
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Uncommon’">Uncommon'</normalizedToken>
|
||
qualified
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘IE’">'IE'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Island Endemic) and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘OL’">'OL'</normalizedToken>
|
||
(One Location) because the species is confined to one island group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |