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<mods:title id="67190BA08402B0E1E4D3A8CE69114CAA">Composition and natural history of the snakes from the Parque Estadual da Serra do Papagaio, southern Minas Gerais, Serra da Mantiqueira, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="27FBD3B9784AF94ECBAC65462395EA6C">enezes, Frederico de Alcantara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2CD6600BE625848F9FC7B8528365C8C8">Abegg, Arthur Diesel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="290D382E454ED31BA194EF7ABA4BAE01">Silva, Bruno Rocha da</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4E10F8DCC63E0126D28E14723AD0D0FB">ranco, Francisco Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="209639A90AFAF0A2A41C3BEEF3AB6159">Feio, Renato Neves</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="7116935C7ABED5DEE080E8C8111EC13B" ID-GBIF-Taxon="149736219" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7116935C7ABED5DEE080E8C8111EC13B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7116935C7ABED5DEE080E8C8111EC13B" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" scope_family="Viperidae">
<subSubSection id="69D2317417E185A0565813EE93264B99" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F9596B25F6722DCCE2A9813757CF615D" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">
<taxonomicName id="F1AAC69B36DB9C9944DC82CF709473D5" ID-CoL="ZPBH" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" family="Viperidae" genus="Crotalus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crotalus durissus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="species" species="durissus">Crotalus durissus Linnaeus, 1758</taxonomicName>
Figure 4L
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CA2A103285FA648123622CB3283D2005" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" type="natural history">
<paragraph id="37B7238C6605D34A6C6C648945B627E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Natural history notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1EE440192FDFB45940CC55C0A284247B" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">
Species of medium size (n = 1), with terrestrial and nocturnal habits (
<bibRefCitation id="BFB9FDB7390E8BEA8CAF44977275E3F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Marques et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
). In January, an adult male was found during the day (13:00 h) in a high altitude grassland area. It was moving from the edge of a small forested area, towards an open field. Diurnal habits of this species have been described in reports by
<bibRefCitation id="744065F17F6B2FA39C2E913B0AAD43C2" author="Sawaya, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Biota Neotropica" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" pagination="127 - 149" title="Composition and natural history of a Cerrado snake assemblage at Itirapina, Sao Paulo state, southeastern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000200015" volume="8" year="2008">Sawaya et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="67D52A6C5DB6B9F4B8B9A62C7C7C293F" author="Tozetti, AM" journalOrPublisher="Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" pagination="1047 - 1052" title="Daily and seasonal activity patterns of free-range South-American rattlesnake (Crotalusdurissus)." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37652013005000043" volume="85" year="2013">Tozetti and Martins (2013)</bibRefCitation>
as well. No information of diet or reproduction was obtained from the specimen we observed. Available data indicates
<taxonomicName id="FCFA977ED2F357DE4193833ED77BBCDE" class="Squamata" family="Viperidae" genus="Crotalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crotalus" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Crotalus</taxonomicName>
has specialized in mammals, but may also ingest lizards (
<normalizedToken id="D6D3D044D23A1EFF42F32295341B2931" originalValue="SantAnna">Sant'Anna</normalizedToken>
1999,
<bibRefCitation id="5A2B3E986B14F2A8FA07D270A66A6073" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Almeida-Santos and Germano 1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="0E82FBE57E3427BF5F70371C5DB6A3A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Hoyos 2006</bibRefCitation>
). Interestingly, we found feces from an unidentified feline near the site of observation (at 2000 m a.s.l.) that contained a rattle and
<normalizedToken id="59446A942A82E64CC6A7C35FBEFDFE61" originalValue="rattlesnakes">rattlesnake's</normalizedToken>
scales, indicating feline predation. Reproduction is viviparous, with a biennial reproductive cycle. Vitellogenesis starts in March and gestation goes through October and January and recruitment happens between January and March (Almeida-Santos and
<normalizedToken id="D6823CDD1998994CC6FBA73397A4EE60" originalValue="Salomão">Salomao</normalizedToken>
1997,
<bibRefCitation id="DE3B0274AACD05243AC7378BABFED66A" author="Almeida-Santos, SM" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Reproducao Animal" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" pagination="109 - 112" title="Ciclo reprodutivo de Crotalusdurissus e Bothropsjararaca (SerpentesViperidae): morfologia e funcao dos ovidutos." volume="26" year="2002">Almeida-Santos and Orsi 2002</bibRefCitation>
). This specimen presented the following defensive behaviors: cloacal discharge, rattle vibration, s-coil formation, and strike.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48DDB99FFA4884DE8EA4340BAC47563E" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" type="altitudinal variation">
<paragraph id="30CF79DEC8882858957675DBB5195C91" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Altitudinal variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="82C880544A9B5AE333125EACE9812A48" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">
This species is found at a minimum of sea level for the coasts of Argentina, Uruguay, Rio Grande do Sul and Bahia and maximum of 1400 m a.s.l. at Taquaral Farm, Paraty, RJ (
<bibRefCitation id="D3BE26827036B6952949BCC339497E3C" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">
<normalizedToken id="956EB431EFD34524EF8E9D7A25618007" originalValue="Bérnils">Bernils</normalizedToken>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
). The maximum altitudinal record for this species in this study area is an individual recorded at 1950 m a.s.l., in the Baependi, MG. Most of the surveyed toponyms occur at intermediate altitudes. Only 21% were found between 0-400 m a.s.l.; 51% between 401 and 800 m a.s.l. and 28% above 801 m a.s.l. (
<bibRefCitation id="9E5DAF2458F38C97D87EB4CC2979D78F" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">
<normalizedToken id="7267EB589A643A17010F9132ACE3FC86" originalValue="Bérnils">Bernils</normalizedToken>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="09013929D65651D19540F23DFE1E44ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="5D33A9D3B391D0FADBEE0F711E4DC1B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="99AA9EFDBC0F430FEB54665ACB7861ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">
Southern and southeastern Brazil (
<normalizedToken id="1D73B014F77E1A6B21E4D5B194D5CC69" originalValue="Amapá">Amapa</normalizedToken>
, Amazonas, Bahia,
<normalizedToken id="D4D71F7A8D401A790D3897EFA836141A" originalValue="Ceará">Ceara</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="82A8A6C70600AF9FB89209222DDA9806" originalValue="Goiás">Goias</normalizedToken>
, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul,
<normalizedToken id="1F4E6D53ECD5FB01FAC1FBFBDA003B06" originalValue="Maranhão">Maranhao</normalizedToken>
, Minas Gerais,
<normalizedToken id="5A2ACE7B94BC439671199100DA3B200D" originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="EDB254A75F895FA97CBDE481F5A9C3AE" originalValue="Paraíba">Paraiba</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="8824C673DD9AAEB260EB6F395A60CE90" originalValue="Paraná">Parana</normalizedToken>
, Pernambuco,
<normalizedToken id="71AF17057F4C8494CB4A0A8FF12EA1BE" originalValue="Piauí">Piaui</normalizedToken>
, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul,
<normalizedToken id="59244A7DD134274B4F41C97F508FDDDD" originalValue="Rondônia">Rondonia</normalizedToken>
, Roraima, Santa Catarina,
<normalizedToken id="F02E9F8D7C24BFEB9D48171DA7F3664B" originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
Paulo), Netherlands Antilles (Aruba), Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Uruguay, Bolivia and Paraguay (
<bibRefCitation id="C7CFBA82B9C5AF2A8F5ABADB84F6CE4F" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">
<normalizedToken id="40098F3781E7E0147F4CCBCC3C3EA11A" originalValue="Bérnils">Bernils</normalizedToken>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="FDCDD7CBE44132C024A96FC9B0DDD0F5" author="Wallach, V" journalOrPublisher="Check List" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" url="https://doi.org/10.1201/b16901" year="2014">Wallach et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). This species is typically found in open formations, with little vegetation, such as savannas and steppes (
<bibRefCitation id="3616FC7A798113421E5F37886319F422" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Campbell and Lamar 2004</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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