437 lines
44 KiB
XML
437 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.26879/891" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3990295" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E6A8DA89-FB03-4061-B16B-25FD8DD11FDF" approvalRequired="202" approvalRequired_for_document="2" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="2" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="175" approvalRequired_for_treatments="23" checkinTime="1597772865363" checkinUser="torsten" docAuthor="Dale E. Greenwalt, Daniel J. Bickel, Peter H. Kerr, Gregory R. Curler, Brian V. Brown, Herman de Jong, Scott J. Fitzgerald, Torsten Dikow, Michal Tkoč, Christian Kehlmaier & Dalton De Souza Amorim" docDate="2019" docId="571F246BFFBCFFA113FEFEBAAA08C739" docLanguage="en" docName="greenwalt_etal_2019.imf" docOrigin="Paleontologia Electronica 22 (2), No. 50" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Bibiodes kishenehnensis Dale E. Greenwalt & Daniel J. Bickel & Peter H. Kerr & Gregory R. Curler & Brian V. Brown & Herman de Jong & Scott J. Fitzgerald & Torsten Dikow & Michal Tkoč & Christian Kehlmaier & Dalton De Souza Amorim 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="E6A8DA89-FB03-4061-B16B-25FD8DD11FDF" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="AB265C13FFAEFFB21318FF0FAF31C65B" masterDocTitle="Diptera of the middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation. I. Documenting of diversity at the family level" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1636465287172" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Diptera of the middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation. I. Documenting of diversity at the family level</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dale E. Greenwalt</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Daniel J. Bickel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Peter H. Kerr</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gregory R. Curler</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Brian V. Brown</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Herman de Jong</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scott J. Fitzgerald</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Torsten Dikow</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="LSID">F8869067-4618-4CCE-960C-E8A107F162FB</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-4816-2909</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Michal Tkoč</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Christian Kehlmaier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dalton De Souza Amorim</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Paleontologia Electronica</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="numero">
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<mods:number>50</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>56</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.26879/891</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3990295</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A6C79E56-3CCC-484E-B6AF-EAEEE1695FF6</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E6A8DA89-FB03-4061-B16B-25FD8DD11FDF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/571F246BFFBCFFA113FEFEBAAA08C739" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection box="[230,755,437,462]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[192,793,166,830]" box="[230,755,437,462]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName authority="Fitzgerald" authorityName="Dale E. Greenwalt & Daniel J. Bickel & Peter H. Kerr & Gregory R. Curler & Brian V. Brown & Herman de Jong & Scott J. Fitzgerald & Torsten Dikow & Michal Tkoč & Christian Kehlmaier & Dalton De Souza Amorim" authorityYear="2019" box="[230,652,437,462]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehnensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[230,524,437,462]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bibiodes kishenehnensis</emphasis>
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Fitzgerald
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[663,755,437,462]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="multiple">
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||
<paragraph blockId="18.[192,793,166,830]" box="[407,578,469,494]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<figureCitation box="[407,536,469,494]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[195,286,1793,1816]" captionTargetBox="[191,793,905,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[191,794,905,1769]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Bibiodes kishenehnensis sp. nov., USNM 625738. 1, Habitus (ventral aspect); 2, Right wing showing the fusion of Rs and M; 3, Line drawing of the right wing. Scale bars equal 3.0 mm (1) and 1.0 mm (2)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990323/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figures 14</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[548,578,469,494]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="19.[195,286,561,584]" captionTargetBox="[196,795,174,535]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[196,795,174,535]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 15. Bibiodes kishenehnensis sp. nov., USNM 625738. 1, Head. Arrowhead points to the antenna; arrow points to the terminal palpomere; 2, Genitalia; 3, Left metatibia and tarsi. Arrow points to the tibial spur. Scale bars equal 0.5 mm (1, 2, 3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990325/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">15</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="18.[192,793,166,830]" box="[192,773,512,532]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,773,512,532]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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zoobank.org/
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[192,793,166,830]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,326,549,574]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Etymology</emphasis>
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. The specific epithet is named after the Kishenehn Formation in which the
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<typeStatus box="[630,731,581,606]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">holotype</typeStatus>
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was preserved.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="USNM" country="United States of America" county="Smithsonian Institution" location="Department of Paleobiology" municipality="National Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="USNM 625738" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kishenehn Formation" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="18.[192,793,166,830]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,313,645,670]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<typeStatus box="[192,309,645,670]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode box="[322,497,644,670]" collectionCode="USNM" collectionName="USA, Washington D.C., National Museum of Natural History, [formerly, United States National Museum]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">
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<collectionCode box="[322,400,644,670]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USNM</collectionCode>
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625738
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</specimenCode>
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deposited in the
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:571F246BFFBCFFA113FEFEBAAA08C739:DA69C3A6FFBCFFA011D8FD8AAE8FC4E5" country="United States of America" county="Smithsonian Institution" municipality="National Museum of Natural History" name="Department of Paleobiology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Washington">Department of Paleobiology</location>
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||
,
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||
<collectingMunicipality pageId="18" pageNumber="19">National Museum of Natural History</collectingMunicipality>
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(NMNH),
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||
<collectingCounty box="[396,669,708,734]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Smithsonian Institution</collectingCounty>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Washington</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion box="[244,479,740,766]" country="United States of America" name="District of Columbia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">District of Columbia</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry box="[490,549,740,766]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph blockId="18.[192,793,166,830]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,368,773,798]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type horizon.</emphasis>
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:571F246BFFBCFFA113FEFEBAAA08C739:DA69C3A6FFBCFFA01264FC0AADF9C545" box="[380,712,772,798]" name="Middle Eocene Coal Creek" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Kishenehn Formation">Middle Eocene Coal Creek</location>
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||
Member,
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||
<collectingRegion box="[244,501,805,830]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Kishenehn Formation</collectingRegion>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="18.[840,1441,166,639]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,1007,166,191]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type locality.</emphasis>
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Spring site, Middle Fork of the Flathead River (Pinnacle,
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<collectingRegion box="[1102,1210,198,223]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Montana</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1220,1281,198,224]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph blockId="18.[840,1441,166,639]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,1125,230,255]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dale E. Greenwalt & Daniel J. Bickel & Peter H. Kerr & Gregory R. Curler & Brian V. Brown & Herman de Jong & Scott J. Fitzgerald & Torsten Dikow & Michal Tkoč & Christian Kehlmaier & Dalton De Souza Amorim" authorityYear="2019" box="[1140,1440,230,255]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehnensis">
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<emphasis box="[1140,1440,230,255]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bibiodes kishenehnensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a typical representative of the bibionid genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Coquillett" authorityYear="1904" box="[840,942,294,319]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[840,942,294,319]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bibiodes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that is distinguished from other genera by the elongated coalescence of the stem of M and Rs veins.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dale E. Greenwalt & Daniel J. Bickel & Peter H. Kerr & Gregory R. Curler & Brian V. Brown & Herman de Jong & Scott J. Fitzgerald & Torsten Dikow & Michal Tkoč & Christian Kehlmaier & Dalton De Souza Amorim" authorityYear="2019" box="[962,1182,358,383]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehnensis">
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<emphasis box="[962,1182,358,383]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B. kishenehnensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from fossil congeners by the following combination of characters: coalescence of stem of M and Rs longer (coalescence
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<quantity box="[1052,1156,454,479]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="0.43">0.43 mm</quantity>
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and slightly longer than base of Rs), wings brown fumose (especially at anterior apical portion of wing), stigma strongly pigmented, legs black and hind basitarsus about four times as long as wide (width measured at midpoint).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[840,987,662,687]" box="[840,987,662,687]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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||
<heading bold="true" box="[840,987,662,687]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="2">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,987,662,687]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="18.[840,1441,710,1897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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||
Female (Figure 14.1), body length (excluding antennae)
|
||
<quantity box="[967,1061,742,767]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="6.8">6.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[840,1441,710,1897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,912,774,799]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Head.</emphasis>
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||
Black, antennae and palps black, number of flagellomeres not discernible, as base of antennae are hidden (Figure 15.1).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="18.[840,1441,710,1897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,936,870,895]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thorax.</emphasis>
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Ventral and visible lateral portions black, dorsum hidden from view.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="18.[840,1441,710,1897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,927,934,959]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Wings.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity box="[938,1031,934,959]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="5.2">5.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (base of wing estimated for measurement) by
|
||
<quantity box="[1057,1146,966,991]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (measured at level of apical end of coalescence of stem of M and Rs (Figure 14.2-3). Anterior veins except Sc (C, radial veins, base of M including junction with Rs) bold, strongly pigmented dark brown. Sc and apical tips of medial veins faint, light brown, remainder of veins unpigmented. Sc long, fading out before stigma (presumably not reaching C as in extant species). Pterostigma strongly pigmented, dark brownish black, elongate. Wing membrane distinctly brown fumose along anterior margin from stigma to just beyond apical end of C and slightly light brown fumose elsewhere, but especially along wing edge to about M
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||
<subScript attach="left" box="[1135,1147,1393,1413]" fontSize="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">4</subScript>
|
||
.
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||
<collectingRegion box="[1172,1241,1382,1408]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Costa</collectingRegion>
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||
continued only slightly as tiny stump beyond junction with R
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||
<subScript attach="left" box="[1361,1398,1430,1450]" fontSize="8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">4+5</subScript>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="18.[840,1441,710,1897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,909,1456,1481]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Legs.</emphasis>
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Black. Length of spur of anterior tibia not discernible. Hind femur about
|
||
<quantity box="[1175,1267,1488,1513]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
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||
long (base of femur estimated), swollen,
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||
<quantity box="[1178,1287,1520,1545]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="0.44">0.44 mm</quantity>
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||
wide (width measured at widest area on apical third). Hind tibia not swollen, straight-sided, but gradually thickened distally,
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||
<quantity box="[939,1083,1616,1641]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.6 mm</quantity>
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||
long by
|
||
<quantity box="[1198,1373,1616,1641]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="0.29" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.28">0.28–0.30 mm</quantity>
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||
wide (width measured at apex; Figure 15.3). Hind basitarsus slender, gradually slightly more robust distally, about four times as long as wide,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="0.54" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.48">0.48-0.60 mm</quantity>
|
||
long by 0.16 wide (width measured at midpoint of basitarsus).
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990323" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3990323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990323/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[195,286,1793,1816]" targetBox="[191,793,905,1769]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[195,785,1793,1905]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[195,328,1793,1817]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Dale E. Greenwalt & Daniel J. Bickel & Peter H. Kerr & Gregory R. Curler & Brian V. Brown & Herman de Jong & Scott J. Fitzgerald & Torsten Dikow & Michal Tkoč & Christian Kehlmaier & Dalton De Souza Amorim, 2019" authorityName="Dale E. Greenwalt & Daniel J. Bickel & Peter H. Kerr & Gregory R. Curler & Brian V. Brown & Herman de Jong & Scott J. Fitzgerald & Torsten Dikow & Michal Tkoč & Christian Kehlmaier & Dalton De Souza Amorim" authorityYear="2019" box="[337,603,1794,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehnensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[337,603,1794,1817]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bibiodes kishenehnensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[612,701,1794,1817]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, USNM 625738.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[297,310,1823,1846]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">1</emphasis>
|
||
, Habitus (ventral aspect);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[626,639,1823,1846]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">2</emphasis>
|
||
, Right wing showing the fusion of Rs and M;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[549,562,1852,1875]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">3</emphasis>
|
||
, Line drawing of the right wing. Scale bars equal 3.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[587,600,1882,1905]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">1</emphasis>
|
||
) and 1.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[755,768,1882,1905]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">2</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[840,1441,710,1897]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,1143,1808,1833]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Abdomen and genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
Abdomen brown, broad, as is typical for females. Cerci light brown, ovate, with fine setae, projecting posteriorly (Figure 15.2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990325" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3990325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990325/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[195,286,561,584]" targetBox="[196,795,174,535]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[195,794,561,701]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[195,329,561,584]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Dale E. Greenwalt & Daniel J. Bickel & Peter H. Kerr & Gregory R. Curler & Brian V. Brown & Herman de Jong & Scott J. Fitzgerald & Torsten Dikow & Michal Tkoč & Christian Kehlmaier & Dalton De Souza Amorim, 2019" authorityName="Dale E. Greenwalt & Daniel J. Bickel & Peter H. Kerr & Gregory R. Curler & Brian V. Brown & Herman de Jong & Scott J. Fitzgerald & Torsten Dikow & Michal Tkoč & Christian Kehlmaier & Dalton De Souza Amorim" authorityYear="2019" box="[340,608,561,584]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehnensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[340,608,561,584]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bibiodes kishenehnensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[618,709,561,584]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, USNM 625738.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[296,309,590,613]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">1</emphasis>
|
||
, Head. Arrowhead points to the antenna; arrow points to the terminal palpomere;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[633,646,620,643]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2</emphasis>
|
||
, Genitalia;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[772,785,620,643]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">3</emphasis>
|
||
, Left metatibia and tarsi. Arrow points to the tibial spur. Scale bars equal 0.5 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[475,514,678,701]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">1, 2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[528,541,678,701]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">3</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[192,508,772,830]" box="[192,492,772,797]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[192,492,772,797]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,304,772,797]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[192,300,772,797]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Allotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Male unknown.
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[192,508,772,830]" box="[192,508,804,830]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[192,508,804,830]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,429,804,830]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Syncompressions.</emphasis>
|
||
None.
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[192,305,852,877]" box="[192,305,852,877]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<heading bold="true" box="[192,305,852,877]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,305,852,877]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[192,796,900,1885]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
The family
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1821" box="[381,505,900,925]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bibionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis box="[513,663,900,925]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">sensu stricto</emphasis>
|
||
(excluding
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Walker, 1848" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1848" box="[192,496,932,957]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperinidae" genus="Hesperinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[192,327,932,957]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hesperinus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Walker, F." box="[336,496,932,957]" journalOrPublisher="British Museum, London" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref44685" refString="Walker, F. 1848. List of the Specimens of Dipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 1. British Museum, London." title="List of the Specimens of Dipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 1" type="book" year="1848">Walker, 1848</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but including both fossil and extant forms) consists of nine genera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation accessDate="invalid" author="Fitzgerald, S. J." journalOrPublisher="Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" publicationUrl="http://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/xmlui/handle/1957/10998" refId="ref36695" refString="Fitzgerald, S. J. 2004. Evolution and Classification of Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha). Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. Available from http: // ir. library. oregonstate. edu / xmlui / handle / 1957 / 10998 (accessed January 29, 2018)." title="Evolution and Classification of Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha)" type="book" year="2004">Fitzgerald, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Skartveit, J." box="[338,530,996,1022]" journalOrPublisher="Studia Dipterologica" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="3 - 42" part="15" refId="ref43690" refString="Skartveit, J. 2008. Fossil Hesperinidae and Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionoidea) from Baltic amber. Studia Dipterologica, 15: 3 - 42." title="Fossil Hesperinidae and Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionoidea) from Baltic amber" type="journal article" year="2008">Skartveit, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and 1,102 species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pape, T. & Blagoderov, V. & Mostovski, M. B." box="[198,420,1028,1053]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="222 - 229" part="3148" refId="ref41881" refString="Pape, T., Blagoderov, V., and Mostovski, M. B. 2011. Order Diptera Linnaeus, 1758. Zootaxa, 3148: 222 - 229." title="Order Diptera Linnaeus, 1758" type="journal article" year="2011">Pape et al., 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and is distributed worldwide. Roughly 328 of these are fossil species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation accessDate="invalid" author="PBDB" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" publicationUrl="https://paleobiodb.org//" refId="ref41742" refString="PBDB, 2018. Paleobiology Database. https: // paleobiodb. org / / (accessed April 27, 2018 and other dates)." title="Paleobiology Database" type="url" year="2018">PBDB, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), an unusually large number given the relatively small number of extant species, which is perhaps an indication of the clade being more diverse or at least more abundant in the past. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Skartveit, J. & Nel, A." box="[192,481,1220,1246]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 83" part="4225" refId="ref43718" refString="Skartveit, J. and Nel, A. 2017. Revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from French Oligocene deposits. Zootaxa, 4225: 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4225.1.1" title="Revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from French Oligocene deposits" type="journal article" year="2017">Skartveit and Nel (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recently synonymized the fossil
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Theobald, 1937" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1937" box="[267,688,1252,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conformans">
|
||
<emphasis box="[267,479,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bibio conformans</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Theobald, N." box="[493,688,1252,1278]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Mensuel (Memoires) de la Societe des Sciences de Nancy" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 473" part="1" refId="ref44223" refString="Theobald, N. 1937. Les insectes fossiles des terrains oligocenes de France. Bulletin Mensuel (Memoires) de la Societe des Sciences de Nancy, 1: 1 - 473." title="Les insectes fossiles des terrains oligocenes de France" type="journal article" year="1937">Théobald, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Theobald, 1937" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="celasensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[767,785,1252,1277]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[192,316,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">celasensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Theobald, N." box="[325,517,1284,1309]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Mensuel (Memoires) de la Societe des Sciences de Nancy" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 473" part="1" refId="ref44223" refString="Theobald, N. 1937. Les insectes fossiles des terrains oligocenes de France. Bulletin Mensuel (Memoires) de la Societe des Sciences de Nancy, 1: 1 - 473." title="Les insectes fossiles des terrains oligocenes de France" type="journal article" year="1937">Theobald, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Theobald, 1937" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtusus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[767,785,1284,1309]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[192,285,1316,1341]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">obtusus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Theobald, N." box="[305,506,1316,1342]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Mensuel (Memoires) de la Societe des Sciences de Nancy" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 473" part="1" refId="ref44223" refString="Theobald, N. 1937. Les insectes fossiles des terrains oligocenes de France. Bulletin Mensuel (Memoires) de la Societe des Sciences de Nancy, 1: 1 - 473." title="Les insectes fossiles des terrains oligocenes de France" type="journal article" year="1937">Théobald, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Theobald, 1937" authorityName="Theobald" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenuiapacalis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[592,610,1316,1341]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[637,792,1316,1341]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">tenuiapacalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Theobald, N." box="[192,381,1348,1374]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Mensuel (Memoires) de la Societe des Sciences de Nancy" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 473" part="1" refId="ref44223" refString="Theobald, N. 1937. Les insectes fossiles des terrains oligocenes de France. Bulletin Mensuel (Memoires) de la Societe des Sciences de Nancy, 1: 1 - 473." title="Les insectes fossiles des terrains oligocenes de France" type="journal article" year="1937">Théobald, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, may also be synonyms. The validity of many other fossils is uncertain. Most (70%) of the fossil species date from the Miocene and Oligocene, with 79 species from the Eocene epoch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[192,796,900,1885]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coquillett" authorityYear="1904" box="[386,488,1476,1501]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[386,488,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bibiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains four extant species. Five fossil species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Skartveit 2008" authorityName="Skartveit" authorityYear="2008" box="[484,789,1508,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balticus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[484,607,1508,1533]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B. balticus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Skartveit, J." box="[614,789,1508,1534]" journalOrPublisher="Studia Dipterologica" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="3 - 42" part="15" refId="ref43690" refString="Skartveit, J. 2008. Fossil Hesperinidae and Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionoidea) from Baltic amber. Studia Dipterologica, 15: 3 - 42." title="Fossil Hesperinidae and Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionoidea) from Baltic amber" type="journal article" year="2008">Skartveit 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="James, 1937" authorityName="James" authorityYear="1937" box="[192,515,1540,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[192,349,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B. intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="James, M. T." box="[357,515,1540,1565]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Paleontology" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="241 - 247" part="11" refId="ref38304" refString="James, M. T. 1937. A preliminary review of certain families of Diptera from the Florissant Miocene Beds. Journal of Paleontology, 11 (3): 241 - 247." title="A preliminary review of certain families of Diptera from the Florissant Miocene Beds" type="journal article" year="1937">James, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Cockerell 1915" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confluens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[526,673,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B. confluens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cockerell, T. D. A." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="469 - 499" part="49" refId="ref35367" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. 1915. British fossil insects. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 49: 469 - 499." title="British fossil insects" type="journal article" year="1915">Cockerell 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Skartveit and Nel, 2017" authorityName="Skartveit and Nel" authorityYear="2017" box="[269,735,1572,1598]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="provincialis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[269,436,1572,1597]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B. provincialis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Skartveit, J. & Nel, A." box="[445,735,1572,1598]" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 83" part="4225" refId="ref43718" refString="Skartveit, J. and Nel, A. 2017. Revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from French Oligocene deposits. Zootaxa, 4225: 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4225.1.1" title="Revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from French Oligocene deposits" type="journal article" year="2017">Skartveit and Nel, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Skartveit, 2008" authorityName="Skartveit" authorityYear="2008" box="[192,511,1604,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[192,305,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B. nanus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Skartveit, J." box="[320,511,1604,1630]" journalOrPublisher="Studia Dipterologica" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="3 - 42" part="15" refId="ref43690" refString="Skartveit, J. 2008. Fossil Hesperinidae and Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionoidea) from Baltic amber. Studia Dipterologica, 15: 3 - 42." title="Fossil Hesperinidae and Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionoidea) from Baltic amber" type="journal article" year="2008">Skartveit, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have been described from the Eocene and Oligocene (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[594,789,1636,1662]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="469 - 499" part="49" refId="ref35367" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. 1915. British fossil insects. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 49: 469 - 499." title="British fossil insects" type="journal article" year="1915">Cockerell, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="James, M. T." box="[192,354,1668,1693]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Paleontology" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="241 - 247" part="11" refId="ref38304" refString="James, M. T. 1937. A preliminary review of certain families of Diptera from the Florissant Miocene Beds. Journal of Paleontology, 11 (3): 241 - 247." title="A preliminary review of certain families of Diptera from the Florissant Miocene Beds" type="journal article" year="1937">James, 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Skartveit, J." box="[369,556,1668,1694]" journalOrPublisher="Studia Dipterologica" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="3 - 42" part="15" refId="ref43690" refString="Skartveit, J. 2008. Fossil Hesperinidae and Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionoidea) from Baltic amber. Studia Dipterologica, 15: 3 - 42." title="Fossil Hesperinidae and Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionoidea) from Baltic amber" type="journal article" year="2008">Skartveit, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Skartveit, J. & Nel, A." journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="1 - 83" part="4225" refId="ref43718" refString="Skartveit, J. and Nel, A. 2017. Revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from French Oligocene deposits. Zootaxa, 4225: 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4225.1.1" title="Revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from French Oligocene deposits" type="journal article" year="2017">Skartveit and Nel, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dale E. Greenwalt & Daniel J. Bickel & Peter H. Kerr & Gregory R. Curler & Brian V. Brown & Herman de Jong & Scott J. Fitzgerald & Torsten Dikow & Michal Tkoč & Christian Kehlmaier & Dalton De Souza Amorim" authorityYear="2019" box="[279,576,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kishenehnensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[279,576,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bibiodes kishenehnensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from most fossil congeners in part by the longer coalescence of the stem of M with the base of Rs (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[666,789,1764,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[195,286,1793,1816]" captionTargetBox="[191,793,905,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[191,794,905,1769]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Bibiodes kishenehnensis sp. nov., USNM 625738. 1, Habitus (ventral aspect); 2, Right wing showing the fusion of Rs and M; 3, Line drawing of the right wing. Scale bars equal 3.0 mm (1) and 1.0 mm (2)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990323/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figure 14</figureCitation>
|
||
; see additional characters in diagnosis) and in this regard is more similar to extant western Nearctic species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coquillett" authorityYear="1904" box="[319,421,1860,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[319,421,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bibiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[840,1441,168,1436]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
The Kishenehn Formation fossil insect collection contains
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1000,1180,201,226]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="generic">162 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1821" box="[1221,1350,201,226]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Bibionidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including additional specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coquillett" authorityYear="1904" box="[1185,1287,233,258]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1185,1287,233,258]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bibiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and several putative new species. The
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1157,1271,265,290]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">holotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Fitzgerald, 1999" authorityName="Fitzgerald" authorityYear="1999" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Plecia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akerionana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Plecia akerionana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fitzgerald, S. J." box="[945,1149,297,322]" journalOrPublisher="Great Basin Naturalist" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="182 - 187" part="59" refId="ref36657" refString="Fitzgerald, S. J. 1999. A new species of Plecia from the Green River Formation and new combinations of fossil Bibionidae (Diptera). Great Basin Naturalist, 59: 182 - 187." title="A new species of Plecia from the Green River Formation and new combinations of fossil Bibionidae (Diptera)" type="journal article" year="1999">Fitzgerald, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coquillett" authorityYear="1904" box="[1229,1331,297,322]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1229,1331,297,322]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bibiodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibiodites" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Bibiodites</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1915" box="[913,1027,328,353]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Bibiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="confluens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[913,1027,328,353]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">confluens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are housed at the NMNH.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |