487 lines
45 KiB
XML
487 lines
45 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.26879/891" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3990295" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0CFD881A-D645-4490-99C0-95878A8C7E66" approvalRequired="202" approvalRequired_for_document="2" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="2" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="175" approvalRequired_for_treatments="23" checkinTime="1597772865363" checkinUser="torsten" docAuthor="Dale E. Greenwalt, Daniel J. Bickel, Peter H. Kerr, Gregory R. Curler, Brian V. Brown, Herman de Jong, Scott J. Fitzgerald, Torsten Dikow, Michal Tkoč, Christian Kehlmaier & Dalton De Souza Amorim" docDate="2019" docId="571F246BFFAAFFB41090FDCEAB92C012" docLanguage="en" docName="greenwalt_etal_2019.imf" docOrigin="Paleontologia Electronica 22 (2), No. 50" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Tipula (Trichotipula) fji Dale E. Greenwalt & Daniel J. Bickel & Peter H. Kerr & Gregory R. Curler & Brian V. Brown & Herman de Jong & Scott J. Fitzgerald & Torsten Dikow & Michal Tkoč & Christian Kehlmaier & Dalton De Souza Amorim 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="0CFD881A-D645-4490-99C0-95878A8C7E66" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="AB265C13FFAEFFB21318FF0FAF31C65B" masterDocTitle="Diptera of the middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation. I. Documenting of diversity at the family level" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1636465287172" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Diptera of the middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation. I. Documenting of diversity at the family level</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dale E. Greenwalt</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Daniel J. Bickel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Peter H. Kerr</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gregory R. Curler</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Brian V. Brown</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Herman de Jong</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scott J. Fitzgerald</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Torsten Dikow</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="LSID">F8869067-4618-4CCE-960C-E8A107F162FB</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-4816-2909</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Michal Tkoč</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Christian Kehlmaier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dalton De Souza Amorim</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Paleontologia Electronica</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="numero">
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<mods:number>50</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>56</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.26879/891</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3990295</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A6C79E56-3CCC-484E-B6AF-EAEEE1695FF6</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0CFD881A-D645-4490-99C0-95878A8C7E66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/571F246BFFAAFFB41090FDCEAB92C012" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection box="[904,1377,705,730]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[840,1441,470,1359]" box="[904,1377,705,730]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName authority="De Jong" authorityName="Dale E. Greenwalt & Daniel J. Bickel & Peter H. Kerr & Gregory R. Curler & Brian V. Brown & Herman de Jong & Scott J. Fitzgerald & Torsten Dikow & Michal Tkoč & Christian Kehlmaier & Dalton De Souza Amorim" authorityYear="2019" box="[904,1274,705,730]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Tipula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fji" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Trichotipula">
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<emphasis box="[904,1163,705,730]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tipula (Trichotipula) fji</emphasis>
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De Jong
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1285,1377,705,730]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[840,1441,470,1359]" box="[1073,1207,737,762]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<figureCitation box="[1073,1207,737,762]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="5.[194,285,970,993]" captionStartId-1="5.[842,933,788,811]" captionStartId-2="6.[192,283,712,735]" captionTargetBox-0="[196,789,166,953]" captionTargetBox-1="[843,1438,170,768]" captionTargetBox-2="[194,788,160,693]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[196,789,166,953]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[843,1438,170,768]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[194,788,160,693]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Tipula (Trichotipula) fji sp. nov., USNM 625687, male. 1, Habitus; 2, Posterior portion of the abdomen showing aedeagus; 3, Terminalia; 4, Halter; 5, tarsal claws. The arrows point to the front tarsal claw (left) and the terminal tarsomere of either the middle or back leg (right). Scale bars equal 10.0 mm (1), 2.0 mm (2) and 0.5 mm (3-5), respectively." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Tipula (Trichotipula) fji sp. nov., USNM 625687. 1, Head. Arrow denotes palpus; 2, Antennae. Arrows denote boundaries between basal flagellomeres, double arrows point to verticils at the base of the terminal flagellomere. Scale bars equal 1.0 mm (1) and 0.5 mm (2)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Tipula (Trichotipula) fji sp. nov., USNM 625687. 1, The apical half of the right wing; 2, Detail of vein Sc. The arrow denotes the terminus of Sc, the arrowhead points to a dislocation of a portion of Rs; 3, Detail of anterior radial veins. The arrows point to R1 and the second abscissa of R2 (left and right respectively) and the arrowhead denotes the first abscissa of R2. Scale bars equals 1.0 mm (1), 0.3 mm (2) and 0.5 mm (3)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990299" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990297" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990301" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3990299/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3990297/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3990301/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figures 1-3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[840,1441,470,1359]" box="[840,1409,779,799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,1409,779,799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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zoobank.org/
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<uuid box="[976,1409,779,799]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">0CFD881A-D645-4490-99C0-95878A8C7E66</uuid>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[840,1441,470,1359]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,982,817,842]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Etymology.</emphasis>
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The specific epithet (to be pronounced as efyaï) is the Latin genitive case for FJ, which stands for Floris-Jan Muys, a young Dutch researcher.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="USNM" country="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Kishenehn Formation" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[840,1441,470,1359]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="NMNH" country="United States of America" county="Smithsonian Institution" location="Department of Paleobiology" municipality="National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="USNM 625687" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Washington" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,961,945,970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<typeStatus box="[840,957,945,970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode box="[968,1147,944,970]" collectionCode="USNM" collectionName="USA, Washington D.C., National Museum of Natural History, [formerly, United States National Museum]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">
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<collectionCode box="[968,1046,944,970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">USNM</collectionCode>
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625687
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</specimenCode>
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, deposited in the
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:571F246BFFAAFFB41090FDCEAB92C012:DA69C3A6FFAAFFB61650FCBEAB77C5B1" country="United States of America" county="Smithsonian Institution" municipality="National Museum of Natural History" name="Department of Paleobiology" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Washington">Department of Paleobiology</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality pageId="4" pageNumber="5">National Museum of Natural History</collectingMunicipality>
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(NMNH),
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<collectingCounty box="[1044,1318,1008,1034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Smithsonian Institution</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Washington</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[892,1128,1040,1066]" country="United States of America" name="District of Columbia" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">District of Columbia</collectingRegion>
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, USA.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[840,1441,470,1359]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,1016,1073,1098]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type horizon.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation location="Middle Eocene Coal Creek" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kishenehn Formation">
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:571F246BFFAAFFB41090FDCEAB92C012:DA69C3A6FFAAFFB6171CFB3EAA61C211" box="[1028,1360,1072,1098]" name="Middle Eocene Coal Creek" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" stateProvince="Kishenehn Formation">Middle Eocene Coal Creek</location>
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Member,
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<collectingRegion box="[892,1149,1105,1130]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Kishenehn Formation</collectingRegion>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[840,1441,470,1359]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,1007,1137,1162]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type locality.</emphasis>
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Spring site, Middle Fork of the Flathead River (Pinnacle,
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<collectingRegion box="[1102,1210,1169,1194]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Montana</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1220,1281,1168,1194]" name="United States of America" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</materialsCitation>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[840,1441,470,1359]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,1123,1201,1226]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1336,1408,1201,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Tipula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1336,1408,1201,1226]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Tipula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished by the short vein Rs, the parallelsided and pentagonal discal cell, the petiolate cell m
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<subScript attach="left" box="[862,874,1307,1327]" fontSize="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1</subScript>
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, the length and position of crossvein m-cu, and the shape of the male terminalia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[840,987,1382,1407]" box="[840,987,1382,1407]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading bold="true" box="[840,987,1382,1407]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,987,1382,1407]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[840,1441,1430,1871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Adult male (Figure 1.1), body length about
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<quantity box="[840,952,1462,1487]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="13.5">13.5 mm</quantity>
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, wing length about
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<quantity box="[1197,1308,1462,1487]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="11.5">11.5 mm</quantity>
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. Specimen preserved in lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="4.[840,1441,1430,1871]" lastBlockId="5.[192,793,1222,1895]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,912,1526,1551]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Head.</emphasis>
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Eyes well-developed, large, almost covering entire head, dorsally with narrow separation. Rostrum shorter than remainder of head, nasus invisible (Figure 2.1). Antenna about
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<quantity box="[1266,1364,1622,1647]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
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long, longer than head and thorax combined, with elongate scape, pedicel not identifiable, flagellum consisting of 11 cylindrical flagellomeres with enlarged base that carries a set of verticils; flagellomeres becoming shorter towards apex of antenna, apical flagellomere abruptly much shorter than preceding one; most flagellomeres have become separated in fossil. Palp not clearly segmented, apparently densely set with setae (Figure 2.2).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990297" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3990297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990297/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[842,933,788,811]" targetBox="[843,1438,170,768]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[842,1435,788,958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[842,968,788,811]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Dale E. Greenwalt & Daniel J. Bickel & Peter H. Kerr & Gregory R. Curler & Brian V. Brown & Herman de Jong & Scott J. Fitzgerald & Torsten Dikow & Michal Tkoč & Christian Kehlmaier & Dalton De Souza Amorim, 2019" authorityName="Dale E. Greenwalt & Daniel J. Bickel & Peter H. Kerr & Gregory R. Curler & Brian V. Brown & Herman de Jong & Scott J. Fitzgerald & Torsten Dikow & Michal Tkoč & Christian Kehlmaier & Dalton De Souza Amorim" authorityYear="2019" box="[984,1235,788,811]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Tipula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fji" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Trichotipula">
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<emphasis box="[984,1235,788,811]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tipula (Trichotipula) fji</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1250,1346,788,811]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, USNM 625687.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[938,951,818,841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1</emphasis>
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, Head. Arrow denotes palpus;
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1295,1308,818,841]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</emphasis>
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, Antennae. Arrows denote boundaries between basal flagellomeres, double arrows point to verticils at the base of the terminal flagellomere. Scale bars equal 1.0 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1413,1426,906,929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1</emphasis>
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) and 0.5 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[983,996,935,958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990299" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3990299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990299/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[194,285,970,993]" targetBox="[196,789,166,953]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph blockId="5.[194,792,970,1170]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[194,320,970,994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Dale E. Greenwalt & Daniel J. Bickel & Peter H. Kerr & Gregory R. Curler & Brian V. Brown & Herman de Jong & Scott J. Fitzgerald & Torsten Dikow & Michal Tkoč & Christian Kehlmaier & Dalton De Souza Amorim, 2019" authorityName="Dale E. Greenwalt & Daniel J. Bickel & Peter H. Kerr & Gregory R. Curler & Brian V. Brown & Herman de Jong & Scott J. Fitzgerald & Torsten Dikow & Michal Tkoč & Christian Kehlmaier & Dalton De Souza Amorim" authorityYear="2019" box="[337,589,970,994]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Tipula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fji" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Trichotipula">
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<emphasis box="[337,589,970,994]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tipula (Trichotipula) fji</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[605,701,971,994]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
, USNM 625687, male.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[364,377,1000,1023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1</emphasis>
|
|
, Habitus;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[497,510,1000,1023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</emphasis>
|
|
, Posterior portion of the abdomen showing aedeagus;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[515,528,1029,1052]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3</emphasis>
|
|
, Terminalia;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[665,678,1029,1052]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4</emphasis>
|
|
, Halter;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[770,783,1029,1052]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5</emphasis>
|
|
, tarsal claws. The arrows point to the front tarsal claw (left) and the terminal tarsomere of either the middle or back leg (right). Scale bars equal 10.0 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[672,685,1117,1140]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1</emphasis>
|
|
), 2.0 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[202,215,1147,1170]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2</emphasis>
|
|
) and 0.5 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[371,405,1147,1170]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3-5</emphasis>
|
|
), respectively.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="5.[192,793,1222,1895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,288,1286,1311]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
|
Scutum with dorsum moderately curved. Contours of halter indicated, halter about
|
|
<quantity box="[700,792,1318,1343]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
|
long.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="5.[192,793,1222,1895]" lastBlockId="5.[840,1441,1010,1892]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,279,1382,1407]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Wings.</emphasis>
|
|
Right wing visible (Figure 3.1), although partly broken, apical part of left wing missing. Pterostigma distinct, dark-brown. Microtrichia on membrane visible. Subcosta long, terminating in R
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[211,223,1521,1541]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1</subScript>
|
|
just apical of origin of Rs (Figure 3.2). R
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[713,725,1521,1541]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1</subScript>
|
|
long, almost straight, terminating in costa near midlength of pterostigma. Rs very short and curved, forking near proximad side of pterostigma. R
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[653,713,1622,1642]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2+3+4</subScript>
|
|
short, forking into R
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[354,391,1659,1679]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2+3</subScript>
|
|
and the long R
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[580,592,1659,1679]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4</subScript>
|
|
at distad end of pterostigma (Figure 3.3). R
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[564,576,1696,1716]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4</subScript>
|
|
almost straight towards wing margin. Base of R
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[614,626,1732,1752]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5</subScript>
|
|
aligned with crossvein r-m; long apical section of R
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[684,696,1769,1789]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">5</subScript>
|
|
slightly curved. M forking into short basal sections of M
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[756,792,1806,1826]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1+2</subScript>
|
|
and M
|
|
<subScript attach="right" box="[272,308,1843,1863]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3+4</subScript>
|
|
. Discal cell with anterior and posterior margins almost parallel-sided, discal cell pentago- nal. M
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[913,949,1021,1041]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1+2</subScript>
|
|
forming petiole apicad of discal cell, then forks into a gradually widening cell m
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[1320,1332,1058,1078]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1</subScript>
|
|
towards wing margin. M
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[1035,1047,1095,1115]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">3</subScript>
|
|
curves with anteriorly concave bow towards wing margin. M
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[1180,1192,1131,1151]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4</subScript>
|
|
fuses with crossvein m-cu for a short distance near proximal part of discal cell and from there curves with an anteriorly concave arch towards wing margin. Crossvein mcu strong and distinctly longer than Rs. CuA upturned and slightly angled at point of contact with crossvein m-cu; apical section of crossvein CuA rather abruptly curved just before wing margin. False vein immediately posterior to CuA present. CuP gradually deviating from CuA from wing base towards wing margin. A
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[1142,1154,1456,1476]" fontSize="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">1</subScript>
|
|
long, slightly sinuous. Anal area of wing well-developed.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="5.[840,1441,1010,1892]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,909,1515,1540]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Legs.</emphasis>
|
|
Left legs partly preserved, left foreleg almost complete. Femora and tibiae darkened at extreme tips. No tibial spurs identifiable. Apical tarsomere of foreleg with claw carrying a basal tooth (Figure 1.5).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="5.[840,1441,1010,1892]" lastBlockId="6.[192,793,1040,1418]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,1153,1675,1700]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Abdomen and genitalia.</emphasis>
|
|
Abdomen made up of rather short segments. Male outer and inner genitalia partly visible (Figure 1.3). Posterior margin of tergite nine with a pair of lateral bulbous extensions that are ventrally set with dark spines; area between the lateral extensions U-shaped emarginate and (ventro-?) medially blackish, sclerotized; black spines along (ventral side of) posterior margin. A pair of blackish-brown gonostyles visible with broad base and slender, somewhat sinuous anterior part that ends in a narrow point; a bundle of thick black, curved setae on dorsal margin. Broad and dark-brown aedeagus clearly visible through integument, runs anterior from ill-defined sperm pump in segment seven to segment three and from there loops back to aedeagal guide in terminal segment (Figure 1.2).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990301" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3990301" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990301/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[192,283,712,735]" targetBox="[194,788,160,693]" targetPageId="6">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="6.[192,784,712,983]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,318,712,735]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Dale E. Greenwalt & Daniel J. Bickel & Peter H. Kerr & Gregory R. Curler & Brian V. Brown & Herman de Jong & Scott J. Fitzgerald & Torsten Dikow & Michal Tkoč & Christian Kehlmaier & Dalton De Souza Amorim, 2019" authorityName="Dale E. Greenwalt & Daniel J. Bickel & Peter H. Kerr & Gregory R. Curler & Brian V. Brown & Herman de Jong & Scott J. Fitzgerald & Torsten Dikow & Michal Tkoč & Christian Kehlmaier & Dalton De Souza Amorim" authorityYear="2019" box="[333,585,712,735]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Tipula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fji" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Trichotipula">
|
|
<emphasis box="[333,585,712,735]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tipula (Trichotipula) fji</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[600,696,712,735]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
, USNM 625687.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[286,299,742,765]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1</emphasis>
|
|
, The apical half of the right wing;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[667,680,742,765]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2</emphasis>
|
|
, Detail of vein Sc. The arrow denotes the terminus of Sc, the arrowhead points to a dislocation of a portion of Rs;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[764,777,800,823]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3</emphasis>
|
|
, Detail of anterior radial veins. The arrows point to R
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[773,784,840,858]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1</subScript>
|
|
and the second abscissa of R
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[525,536,873,891]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2</subScript>
|
|
(left and right respectively) and the arrowhead denotes the first abscissa of R
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[209,220,936,954]" fontSize="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2</subScript>
|
|
. Scale bars equals 1.0 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[537,550,927,950]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1</emphasis>
|
|
), 0.3 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[672,685,927,950]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2</emphasis>
|
|
) and 0.5 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[247,260,960,983]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="6.[192,793,1040,1418]" box="[192,523,1360,1385]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,304,1360,1385]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<typeStatus box="[192,300,1360,1385]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Allotype</typeStatus>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Female unknown.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="6.[192,793,1040,1418]" box="[192,590,1392,1418]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,429,1392,1418]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Syncompressions.</emphasis>
|
|
Coprolite (1).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="6.[192,305,1440,1465]" box="[192,305,1440,1465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<heading bold="true" box="[192,305,1440,1465]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="2">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[192,305,1440,1465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks</emphasis>
|
|
</heading>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="6.[192,793,1488,1865]" lastBlockId="6.[840,1443,166,1811]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[250,357,1488,1513]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tipulidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
s.str. currently include 38 recent genera and 4,294 species and subspecies; the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[274,346,1552,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Tipula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[274,346,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tipula</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
comprises 40 recent subgenera with 2,634 species and subspecies (
|
|
<bibRefCitation accessDate="invalid" author="Oosterbroek, P." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" publicationUrl="http://ccw.naturalis.nl" refId="ref41682" refString="Oosterbroek, P. 2018. Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World. http: // ccw. naturalis. nl (accessed February 5, 2018)." title="Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World" type="url" year="2018">Oosterbroek, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The higher-level classification of the
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tipulidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
does not necessarily reflect phylogenetic relationships within the family and is in need of revision. Over 100 fossil species are described in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[192,303,1744,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tipulidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, most of them are classified in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[720,792,1744,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Tipula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
|
|
<emphasis box="[720,792,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tipula</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[192,320,1776,1801]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
. The few fossil species that have been assigned to a subgenus of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[518,590,1808,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Tipula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[518,590,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tipula</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
include
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Alexander, 1931" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Tipula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pinetorum" subGenus="Electrotipula">
|
|
<emphasis box="[693,706,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Electrotipula</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis box="[310,428,1840,1865]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">pinetorum</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Alexander, C. P." box="[443,643,1840,1865]" journalOrPublisher="Bernstein Forschungen" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 135" part="2" refId="ref33229" refString="Alexander, C. P. 1931 a. Crane-flies of the Baltic amber (Diptera). Bernstein Forschungen, 2: 1 - 135." title="Crane-flies of the Baltic amber (Diptera)" type="journal article" year="1931">Alexander, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Alexander, C. P." box="[663,919,166,1865]" journalOrPublisher="Bernstein Forschungen" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 135" part="2" refId="ref33229" refString="Alexander, C. P. 1931 a. Crane-flies of the Baltic amber (Diptera). Bernstein Forschungen, 2: 1 - 135." title="Crane-flies of the Baltic amber (Diptera)" type="journal article" year="1931">Alexander, 1931a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Kania and Nel, 2013" authorityName="Kania and Nel" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Tipula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anatolica" subGenus="Platytipula">
|
|
<emphasis box="[944,957,166,191]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<emphasis box="[987,1110,166,191]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Platytipula</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis box="[1133,1240,166,191]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">anatolica</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kania, I. & Nel, A." journalOrPublisher="Polish Journal of Entomology" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="327 - 338" part="82" refId="ref38522" refString="Kania, I. and Nel, A. 2013. New fossil Tipulidae from the volcano-sedimentary Latest Oligocene of Bes-Konak (Turkey). Polish Journal of Entomology, 82: 327 - 338. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / v 10200 - 012 - 0046 - 3" title="New fossil Tipulidae from the volcano-sedimentary Latest Oligocene of Bes-Konak (Turkey)" type="journal article" year="2013">Kania and Nel, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Kania and Nel 2013" authorityName="Kania and Nel" authorityYear="2013" box="[917,1437,198,223]" class="Insecta" family="Bombyliidae" genus="Phthiria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oligocenica" subGenus="Tipula">
|
|
<emphasis box="[917,930,198,223]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<emphasis box="[956,1028,198,223]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tipula</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis box="[1048,1181,198,223]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">oligocenica</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kania, I. & Nel, A." box="[1191,1437,198,223]" journalOrPublisher="Polish Journal of Entomology" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="327 - 338" part="82" refId="ref38522" refString="Kania, I. and Nel, A. 2013. New fossil Tipulidae from the volcano-sedimentary Latest Oligocene of Bes-Konak (Turkey). Polish Journal of Entomology, 82: 327 - 338. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / v 10200 - 012 - 0046 - 3" title="New fossil Tipulidae from the volcano-sedimentary Latest Oligocene of Bes-Konak (Turkey)" type="journal article" year="2013">Kania and Nel 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Kania and Nel, 2013" authorityName="Kania and Nel" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Tipula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paicheleri" subGenus="Trichotipula">
|
|
<emphasis box="[902,915,230,255]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T</emphasis>
|
|
. (
|
|
<emphasis box="[950,1086,230,255]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trichotipula</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis box="[1112,1226,230,255]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">paicheleri</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Kania, I. & Nel, A." journalOrPublisher="Polish Journal of Entomology" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="327 - 338" part="82" refId="ref38522" refString="Kania, I. and Nel, A. 2013. New fossil Tipulidae from the volcano-sedimentary Latest Oligocene of Bes-Konak (Turkey). Polish Journal of Entomology, 82: 327 - 338. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / v 10200 - 012 - 0046 - 3" title="New fossil Tipulidae from the volcano-sedimentary Latest Oligocene of Bes-Konak (Turkey)" type="journal article" year="2013">Kania and Nel, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Alexander, 1931" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1931" box="[923,1288,262,287]" class="Insecta" family="Diptera (awaiting allocation)" genus="Electrotipula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[923,1070,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Electrotipula</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Alexander, C. P." box="[1087,1288,262,287]" journalOrPublisher="Bernstein Forschungen" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 135" part="2" refId="ref33229" refString="Alexander, C. P. 1931 a. Crane-flies of the Baltic amber (Diptera). Bernstein Forschungen, 2: 1 - 135." title="Crane-flies of the Baltic amber (Diptera)" type="journal article" year="1931">Alexander, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Alexander, C. P." journalOrPublisher="Bernstein Forschungen" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 135" part="2" refId="ref33229" refString="Alexander, C. P. 1931 a. Crane-flies of the Baltic amber (Diptera). Bernstein Forschungen, 2: 1 - 135." title="Crane-flies of the Baltic amber (Diptera)" type="journal article" year="1931">Alexander, 1931a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) is the only described extinct subgenus of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[840,912,326,351]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Tipula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[840,912,326,351]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tipula</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="6.[840,1443,166,1811]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
|
The present fossil is placed in the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Tipula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tipula</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
because of its relatively small size, the presence of simple flagellomeres with a whorl of verticils at their enlarged bases (Figure 2.2), the long Sc ending apical of the origin of Rs, the petiolate cell m
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[959,971,529,549]" fontSize="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1</subScript>
|
|
and the fusion of M
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[1203,1215,529,549]" fontSize="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4</subScript>
|
|
with m-cu near the proximal part of the discal cell. It is provisionally placed in the subgenus
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1915" box="[1122,1258,587,612]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Tipula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Trichotipula">
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<emphasis box="[1122,1258,587,612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trichotipula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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because of the short vein Rs, the shape of the discal cell (Figure 3.1), the shape and armament of the posterior margin of tergite nine and the shape and sclerotization of the inner gonostylus. The inner gonostylus and the posterior margin of tergite nine are reminiscent of that of the
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<typeStatus box="[997,1047,779,804]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
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species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1915" box="[1183,1319,779,804]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Tipula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Trichotipula">
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<emphasis box="[1183,1319,779,804]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trichotipula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Tipula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oropezoides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">T. oropezoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
(cf.
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<bibRefCitation author="Alexander, C. P." box="[970,1167,811,836]" journalOrPublisher="Pacific Insects" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="333 - 386" part="7" refId="ref33319" refString="Alexander, C. P. 1965. New subgenera and species of crane-flies from California (Diptera: Tipulidae). Pacific Insects, 7: 333 - 386." title="New subgenera and species of crane-flies from California (Diptera: Tipulidae)" type="journal article" year="1965">Alexander, 1965</bibRefCitation>
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, figure 31). The exceptionaly well-preserved aedeagus may suggest that this particular cranefly was teneral and the posteclosion period too short to have allowed cuticular sclerotization.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[840,1443,166,1811]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1915" box="[898,1034,971,996]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Tipula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Trichotipula">
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|
<emphasis box="[898,1034,971,996]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trichotipula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
includes 46 recent species, of which 34 are known from the Nearctic region; eight species are recorded from the Neotropical region, four from the East Palaearctic and one from the Oriental region; one species occurs in both the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. Most, but not all,
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|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1915" box="[840,976,1163,1188]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Tipula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Trichotipula">
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|
<emphasis box="[840,976,1163,1188]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trichotipula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
species have at least some macrotrichia on the membrane of the wingtip; in the present fossil, microtrichia can be observed quite clearly, but macrotrichia are absent.
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</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph blockId="6.[840,1443,166,1811]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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|
The fossil species from the late Oligocene of Turkey classified by
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Kania, I. & Nel, A." box="[1115,1401,1323,1348]" journalOrPublisher="Polish Journal of Entomology" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="327 - 338" part="82" refId="ref38522" refString="Kania, I. and Nel, A. 2013. New fossil Tipulidae from the volcano-sedimentary Latest Oligocene of Bes-Konak (Turkey). Polish Journal of Entomology, 82: 327 - 338. https: // doi. org / 10.2478 / v 10200 - 012 - 0046 - 3" title="New fossil Tipulidae from the volcano-sedimentary Latest Oligocene of Bes-Konak (Turkey)" type="journal article" year="2013">Kania and Nel (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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in
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|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1915" box="[840,976,1355,1380]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Tipula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Trichotipula">
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|
<emphasis box="[840,976,1355,1380]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Trichotipula</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
does not belong to this subgenus, or even to the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1068,1140,1387,1412]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Tipula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis box="[1068,1140,1387,1412]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Tipula</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The very short vein Rs, the sessile cell m
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[1044,1056,1430,1450]" fontSize="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">1</subScript>
|
|
and the position of crossvein mcu proximal of the discal cell indicate that it belongs to the genus
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|
<taxonomicName authority="Meigen, 1803" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1803" box="[995,1316,1488,1513]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Nephrotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[995,1142,1488,1513]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nephrotoma</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Meigen, J. W." box="[1150,1316,1488,1513]" journalOrPublisher="Magazin fur Insektenkunde" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" pagination="259 - 281" part="2" refId="ref39950" refString="Meigen, J. W. 1803. Versuch einer neuen Gattungs-Eintheilung der europaischen zweiflugligen Insekten. Magazin fur Insektenkunde, 2: 259 - 281." title="Versuch einer neuen Gattungs-Eintheilung der europaischen zweiflugligen Insekten" type="journal article" year="1803">Meigen, 1803</bibRefCitation>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. For these reasons, the species
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kania and Nel" authorityYear="2013" box="[1108,1221,1520,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Bibionidae" genus="Tipula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paicheleri">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1108,1221,1520,1545]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">paicheleri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is formally transferred to the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1803" box="[1093,1240,1552,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Nephrotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1093,1240,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nephrotoma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Nephrotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paicheleri">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Nephrotoma paicheleri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(new combination).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
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</document> |