316 lines
29 KiB
XML
316 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.26879/891" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3990295" approvalRequired="202" approvalRequired_for_document="2" approvalRequired_for_illustrations="2" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="175" approvalRequired_for_treatments="23" checkinTime="1597772865363" checkinUser="torsten" docAuthor="Dale E. Greenwalt, Daniel J. Bickel, Peter H. Kerr, Gregory R. Curler, Brian V. Brown, Herman de Jong, Scott J. Fitzgerald, Torsten Dikow, Michal Tkoč, Christian Kehlmaier & Dalton De Souza Amorim" docDate="2019" docId="571F246BFFA5FFBE1044FC6AAD15C2D2" docLanguage="en" docName="greenwalt_etal_2019.imf" docOrigin="Paleontologia Electronica 22 (2), No. 50" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Cyttaromyia fuscula Cockerell 1921" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="AB265C13FFAEFFB21318FF0FAF31C65B" masterDocTitle="Diptera of the middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation. I. Documenting of diversity at the family level" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1636465287172" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Diptera of the middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation. I. Documenting of diversity at the family level</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dale E. Greenwalt</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Daniel J. Bickel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Peter H. Kerr</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gregory R. Curler</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Brian V. Brown</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Herman de Jong</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scott J. Fitzgerald</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Torsten Dikow</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="LSID">F8869067-4618-4CCE-960C-E8A107F162FB</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-4816-2909</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Michal Tkoč</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Christian Kehlmaier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dalton De Souza Amorim</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Paleontologia Electronica</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="numero">
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<mods:number>50</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>56</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.26879/891</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3990295</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A6C79E56-3CCC-484E-B6AF-EAEEE1695FF6</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:571F246BFFA5FFBE1044FC6AAD15C2D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/571F246BFFA5FFBE1044FC6AAD15C2D2" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[840,1440,869,1226]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading bold="true" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName authority="Cockerell, 1921" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1921" box="[860,1285,869,895]" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Cyttaromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscula">
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<emphasis box="[860,1093,869,895]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cyttaromyia fuscula</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[1101,1285,869,895]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="233 - 260" part="57" refId="ref35485" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. 1921 a. Eocene insects from the Rocky Mountains. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 57: 233 - 260." title="Eocene insects from the Rocky Mountains" type="journal article" year="1921">Cockerell, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Cockerell, T. D. A." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="233 - 260" part="57" refId="ref35485" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. 1921 a. Eocene insects from the Rocky Mountains. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 57: 233 - 260." title="Eocene insects from the Rocky Mountains" type="journal article" year="1921">Cockerell, 1921a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Brodo, F." box="[1104,1252,901,926]" journalOrPublisher="The University of Kansas Science Bulletin" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="71 - 115" part="47" refId="ref34728" refString="Brodo, F. 1967. A review of the subfamily Cylindrotominae in North America (Diptera, Tipulidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 47: 71 - 115." title="A review of the subfamily Cylindrotominae in North America (Diptera, Tipulidae)" type="journal article" year="1967">Brodo, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1091,1189,933,958]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[840,1440,869,1226]" box="[1091,1189,933,958]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<figureCitation box="[1091,1189,933,958]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[840,931,623,646]" captionTargetBox="[841,1436,168,606]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[841,1437,167,606]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Cyttaromyia fuscula Cockerell, 1921 (new combination), USNM 66572. 1, Wing. Arrow points to a defect in the wing where the distal portion of the wing has shifted anteriorly relative to the basal portion causing an upwards curving of the basal portion of Rs; 2, Line drawing of the wing. Scale bar equals 3.0 mm (1)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990309" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990309/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figure 7</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="synonymic_list">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[840,1440,869,1226]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName authority="Cockerell, 1921" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1921" box="[871,1274,965,991]" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Asilopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusculus">
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<emphasis box="[871,1081,965,990]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Asilopsis fusculus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[1089,1274,965,991]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="233 - 260" part="57" refId="ref35485" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. 1921 a. Eocene insects from the Rocky Mountains. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 57: 233 - 260." title="Eocene insects from the Rocky Mountains" type="journal article" year="1921">Cockerell, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Cockerell, T. D. A." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="233 - 260" part="57" refId="ref35485" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. 1921 a. Eocene insects from the Rocky Mountains. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 57: 233 - 260." title="Eocene insects from the Rocky Mountains" type="journal article" year="1921">Cockerell, 1921a</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[840,1440,869,1226]" box="[841,1439,1029,1055]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName authority="Cockerell, 1921" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1921" box="[841,1230,1029,1055]" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" genus="Asilopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscula">
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<emphasis box="[841,1037,1029,1054]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Asilopsis fuscula</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[1045,1230,1029,1055]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="233 - 260" part="57" refId="ref35485" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. 1921 a. Eocene insects from the Rocky Mountains. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 57: 233 - 260." title="Eocene insects from the Rocky Mountains" type="journal article" year="1921">Cockerell, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Evenhuis, N. L." box="[1244,1433,1029,1054]" journalOrPublisher="Backhuys Publishers, Leiden" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refId="ref36447" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. 1994. Catalogue of the Fossil Flies of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden." title="Catalogue of the Fossil Flies of the World (Insecta: Diptera)" type="book" year="1994">Evenhuis, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<materialsCitation collectionCode="USNM" country="United States of America" location="Green" municipality="Middle Eocene" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Colorado" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[840,1440,869,1226]" box="[840,1440,1072,1098]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,1085,1072,1097]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus box="[1099,1209,1072,1097]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Holotype</typeStatus>
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, wing only.
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<specimenCode pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<collectionCode box="[1362,1440,1072,1098]" collectionName="USA, Washington D.C., National Museum of Natural History, [formerly, United States National Museum]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[840,1440,869,1226]" box="[840,1158,1104,1129]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">66572 (NMNH; examined).</paragraph>
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</specimenCode>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[840,1440,869,1226]" box="[840,1440,1136,1162]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,1016,1136,1161]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<typeStatus box="[840,900,1136,1161]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type</typeStatus>
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horizon.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingMunicipality box="[1029,1215,1136,1161]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Middle Eocene</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:571F246BFFA5FFBE1044FC6AAD15C2D2:DA69C3A6FFA5FFB917D6FB7FAA29C2D1" box="[1230,1304,1136,1162]" municipality="Middle Eocene" name="Green" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" stateProvince="Upper River">Green</location>
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<collectingRegion box="[1316,1378,1136,1161]" country="Gambia" name="Upper River" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">River</collectingRegion>
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For-
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[840,1440,869,1226]" box="[840,927,1168,1193]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">mation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[840,1440,869,1226]" box="[840,1341,1200,1226]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,1005,1200,1225]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<typeStatus box="[840,900,1200,1225]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:571F246BFFA5FFBE1044FC6AAD15C2D2:DA69C3A6FFA5FFB910ECFBBFABB0C292" box="[1012,1153,1200,1225]" country="United States of America" name="White River" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" stateProvince="Colorado">White River</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1164,1276,1200,1226]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Colorado</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[1286,1341,1200,1226]" name="United States of America" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</materialsCitation>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[840,1018,1248,1273]" box="[840,1018,1248,1273]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading bold="true" box="[840,1018,1248,1273]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,1018,1248,1273]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Redescription</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[840,1442,1296,1789]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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This specimen consists of a single wing (Figure 7.1-2). The shape of what can be interpreted as R
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<subScript attach="left" box="[896,956,1371,1391]" fontSize="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2+3+4</subScript>
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and R
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<subScript attach="right" box="[1035,1047,1371,1391]" fontSize="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</subScript>
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, the shape and size of the discal cell, the position of what appears to be M
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<subScript attach="left" box="[1324,1336,1407,1427]" fontSize="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</subScript>
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, and the shape of cell m
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<subScript attach="left" box="[1030,1042,1444,1464]" fontSize="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2</subScript>
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, which narrows toward the wing margin, indicate that this is a representative of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1863" box="[840,1037,1502,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cylindrotomidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation author="Scudder, S. H." box="[1055,1246,1502,1528]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Terranes" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="741 - 762" part="3" refId="ref43443" refString="Scudder, S. H. 1877. The first discovered traces of fossil insects in the American Tertiaries. Bulletin of the U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Terranes, 3: 741 - 762." title="The first discovered traces of fossil insects in the American Tertiaries" type="journal article" year="1877">Scudder (1877)</bibRefCitation>
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described
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1877" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Cyttaromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestrata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cyttaromyia fenestrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from White
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<collectingRegion box="[1211,1276,1535,1560]" country="Gambia" name="Upper River" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">River</collectingRegion>
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, but
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1877" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Cyttaromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fenestrata">
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<emphasis box="[1332,1351,1534,1559]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">fenestrata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a shorter and apically much wider discal cell, and a very wide cell m
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<subScript attach="left" box="[1176,1188,1609,1629]" fontSize="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">3</subScript>
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compared to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Asilopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscula">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. fuscula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The short section between the first forking of vein M and the position where crossvein m-cu touches the discal cell in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1921" box="[1156,1292,1699,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Asilopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusculus">
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<emphasis box="[1156,1292,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. fusculus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from the other known
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1877" box="[1041,1183,1731,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Cyttaromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1041,1183,1731,1757]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cyttaromyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species;
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Cyttaromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscula">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cyttaromyia fuscula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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appears to be a distinct species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="11.[840,953,1812,1837]" box="[840,953,1812,1837]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<heading bold="true" box="[840,953,1812,1837]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[840,953,1812,1837]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remarks</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[840,1440,1859,1917]" box="[898,1440,1859,1885]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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Originally assigned to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1179,1272,1860,1885]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Asilidae</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation author="Cockerell, T. D. A." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="233 - 260" part="57" refId="ref35485" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. 1921 a. Eocene insects from the Rocky Mountains. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 57: 233 - 260." title="Eocene insects from the Rocky Mountains" type="journal article" year="1921">
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Cockerell
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<paragraph blockId="11.[840,1440,1859,1917]" lastBlockId="12.[192,795,166,1838]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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(1921a),
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|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1921" box="[948,1159,1892,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Asilopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusculus">
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<emphasis box="[948,1159,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Asilopsis fusculus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was discussed as possibly a member of Asilinae or
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Macquart" authorityYear="1838" box="[545,670,166,191]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Laphriinae">Laphriinae</taxonomicName>
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or its own new subfamily
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|
<taxonomicName box="[375,511,198,223]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Asilopsinae">Asilopsinae</taxonomicName>
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|
.
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<bibRefCitation author="Hull, F. M." box="[529,663,198,223]" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States National Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 430" part="224" refId="ref38216" refString="Hull, F. M. 1962. Robber flies of the world - The genera of the family Asilidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 224 (1): 1 - 430." title="Robber flies of the world - The genera of the family Asilidae" type="journal article" year="1962">Hull (1962)</bibRefCitation>
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|
discussed the fossil and stated “... the ultimate interpretation of
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<taxonomicName authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1920" box="[222,445,262,288]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Asilopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis box="[222,327,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Asilopsis</emphasis>
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|
Cockerell
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
must rest upon the presence or absence of a proboscis and the character of the pretarsus. Without further material and for the reasons given above, I reject a subfamily based upon this fly.” The specimen was subsequently assigned to
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[226,333,422,447]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tipulidae</taxonomicName>
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|
by
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<bibRefCitation author="Brodo, F." box="[384,547,422,447]" journalOrPublisher="The University of Kansas Science Bulletin" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="71 - 115" part="47" refId="ref34728" refString="Brodo, F. 1967. A review of the subfamily Cylindrotominae in North America (Diptera, Tipulidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 47: 71 - 115." title="A review of the subfamily Cylindrotominae in North America (Diptera, Tipulidae)" type="journal article" year="1967">Brodo (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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|
. Twenty years later,
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|
<bibRefCitation author="Brown, F. M." box="[192,362,454,479]" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="232 - 234" part="61" refId="ref35082" refString="Brown, F. M. 1988. The extinct genus Cyttaromyia Scudder in Colorado (Diptera: Tipulidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 61 (2): 232 - 234." title="The extinct genus Cyttaromyia Scudder in Colorado (Diptera: Tipulidae)" type="journal article" year="1988">Brown (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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, in a review of fossil
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|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1877" box="[643,785,454,480]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Cyttaromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis box="[643,785,454,480]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cyttaromyia</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
, relied on the input of Curtis Sabrosky and Aubrey Scarbrough who stated “We believe it is a primitive asilid ... and not at all tipuloid.” However, neither Sabrosky nor Scarbrough, who were Brachycera specialists, appear to have been well-acquainted with the diversity of crane flies.
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Brodo, F." box="[585,744,646,671]" journalOrPublisher="The University of Kansas Science Bulletin" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="71 - 115" part="47" refId="ref34728" refString="Brodo, F. 1967. A review of the subfamily Cylindrotominae in North America (Diptera, Tipulidae). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 47: 71 - 115." title="A review of the subfamily Cylindrotominae in North America (Diptera, Tipulidae)" type="journal article" year="1967">Brodo (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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|
followed the North American concept of “
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[646,757,678,703]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tipulidae</taxonomicName>
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|
” in which
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[267,374,710,735]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tipulidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
s.l. includes
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[526,633,710,735]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tipulidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
s.str. (as
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tipulinae">Tipulinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1863" box="[294,491,742,768]" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cylindrotominae">Cylindrotominae</taxonomicName>
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|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1856" box="[508,637,742,767]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Limoniinae">Limoniinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osten-Sacken" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pediciinae">Pediciinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
; the rest of the world treats these four taxa as families. We believe that this specimen represents neither
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[289,396,838,863]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tipulidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
s.str. nor
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rondani" authorityYear="1856" box="[538,671,838,863]" class="Insecta" family="Limoniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Limoniidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
; the only other crane fly possibility other than
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1863" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cylindrotomidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
would be
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1859" box="[373,496,902,927]" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pediciidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(based on what in that case would be R
|
|
<subScript attach="right" box="[392,428,945,965]" fontSize="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">4+5</subScript>
|
|
), but then the shape of R
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[733,745,945,965]" fontSize="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1</subScript>
|
|
, R
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[780,792,945,965]" fontSize="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2</subScript>
|
|
and R
|
|
<subScript attach="left" box="[263,275,981,1001]" fontSize="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">3</subScript>
|
|
would be very unusual, the discal cell much too large and its shape atypical, and the number of M veins would be 'incorrect' for
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osten Sacken" authorityYear="1859" box="[595,723,1040,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pediciidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. With the caveat that the specimen is poorly preserved, we propose that wing venation is similar to that of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1863" box="[192,389,1135,1161]" class="Insecta" family="Cylindrotomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cylindrotomidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1877" box="[399,541,1135,1161]" class="Insecta" family="Tipulidae" genus="Cyttaromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[399,541,1135,1161]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cyttaromyia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
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</document> |