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<document id="3F612A828462A594497B1D0946613DDB" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.4" ID-CLB-Dataset="37275" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0d39993a-3c36-40ec-90d1-14eb37ce6535" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="253519" ID-ZooBank="8AB821F3-4B44-40B0-BD55-960C08121C48" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1484899966054" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Helwerda, Enate A." docDate="2017" docId="225087F1FFE5FFB0AB85F9C57F3DE168" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4221.5.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4221 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Conasprella orbignyi Audouin 1831, sensu stricto" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="550" masterDocId="DE69FF89FFE6FFB5AB12FFE67B70E745" masterDocTitle="Conidae and Terebridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Philippines" masterLastPageNumber="561" masterPageNumber="545" pageNumber="548" updateTime="1698436056280" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3E8910C6A10F8FD544CA30FAD866432D">Conidae and Terebridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda) from the Plio-Pleistocene of the Philippines</mods:title>
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<treatment id="225087F1FFE5FFB0AB85F9C57F3DE168" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6021308" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127616442" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6021308" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:225087F1FFE5FFB0AB85F9C57F3DE168" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/225087F1FFE5FFB0AB85F9C57F3DE168" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="550" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">
<subSubSection id="E2E3656CFFE5FFB6AB85F9C57A54E11B" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="AA4636E7FFE5FFB6AB85F9C57875E178" blockId="3.[151,773,1571,1630]" box="[151,773,1571,1597]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">
<heading id="F10E818BFFE5FFB6AB85F9C57875E178" bold="true" box="[151,773,1571,1597]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" reason="1">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE5FFB6AB85F9C57875E178" bold="true" box="[151,773,1571,1597]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE5FFB6AB85F9C57916E178" ID-CoL="XK2C" authority="Audouin, 1831" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1831" box="[151,614,1571,1597]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conasprella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE5FFB6AB85F9C57AE6E178" bold="true" box="[151,406,1571,1597]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">Conasprella orbignyi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE5FFB6AAB7F9C5792EE178" author="Audouin" box="[421,606,1571,1597]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" refString="Audouin, V. (1831) Conus Orbignyi. Magasin de Zoologie, 1, 20." type="journal article" year="1831">Audouin, 1831</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE5FFB6A97CF9C57875E178" bold="true" box="[622,773,1571,1597]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83BE578EFFE5FFB6A97CF9C57875E178" box="[622,773,1571,1597]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA4636E7FFE5FFB6AB85F9A37A54E11B" blockId="3.[151,773,1571,1630]" box="[151,292,1605,1630]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">
(
<figureCitation id="32C22A62FFE5FFB6AB8CF9A37A6AE11B" box="[158,282,1605,1630]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 10" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1687,1709]" captionTargetBox="[224,1358,195,1663]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[224,1358,195,1663]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 10. Conidae. The same scale is used in all images. The scale bar at the centre of the Plate is 10 mm. 1. Conasprella orbignyi (Audouin, 1831). RGM 1008312. Locality Anda 3." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253520/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">Figure 1–2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2E3656CFFE5FFB6AB85F96B78E4E187" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" type="description">
<paragraph id="AA4636E7FFE5FFB6AB85F96B782EE1E6" blockId="3.[151,1252,1677,2037]" box="[151,862,1677,1699]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">
1831
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE5FFB6ABE1F9687AE0E1E6" box="[243,400,1677,1699]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE5FFB6ABE1F9687AE0E1E6" box="[243,400,1677,1699]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">Conus orbignyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nov. spec.—Audouin: p. 20, pl. 20, figs. 1–2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA4636E7FFE5FFB6AB85F94A78E4E187" blockId="3.[151,1252,1677,2037]" box="[151,916,1708,1730]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">
1935
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE5FFB6ABE1F94A7AD5E187" box="[243,421,1708,1730]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE5FFB6ABE1F94A7A44E184" box="[243,308,1708,1729]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Conus</taxonomicName>
d’orbignyi
</emphasis>
Andouin, 1831—Nomura: p. 108, pl. VII, fig. 1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2E3656CFFE5FFB1AB85F92C78FEE1AF" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="549" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="AA4636E7FFE5FFB6AB85F92C781EE1A5" blockId="3.[151,1252,1677,2037]" box="[151,878,1738,1760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">
1982
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE5FFB6ABE1F92D795CE1A5" ID-CoL="XXYB" authority="Audouin, 1831" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1831" box="[243,556,1738,1760]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE5FFB6ABE1F92D7AE0E1A5" box="[243,400,1738,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">Conus orbignyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE5FFB6AA84F92C795CE1A5" author="Audouin" box="[406,556,1738,1760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" refString="Audouin, V. (1831) Conus Orbignyi. Magasin de Zoologie, 1, 20." type="journal article" year="1831">Audouin, 1831</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Ladd: p. 78, pl. 28, figs. 3–4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA4636E7FFE5FFB6AB85F90F7878E1BA" blockId="3.[151,1252,1677,2037]" box="[151,776,1769,1791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">
1988
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE5FFB6ABE1F90C7A20E1BA" box="[243,336,1770,1791]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">
“
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE5FFB6ABE9F90C7A38E1BA" ID-CoL="9CHYM" box="[251,328,1770,1791]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Conus</taxonomicName>
”
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE5FFB6AA44F90F796CE1BA" ID-CoL="XXYB" authority="Audouin" authorityName="Audouin" box="[342,540,1769,1791]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE5FFB6AA44F90F7ADCE1BA" box="[342,428,1769,1791]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">orbignyi</emphasis>
(Audouin)
</taxonomicName>
—Noda: pl. 10, fig. 22.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA4636E7FFE5FFB6AB85F8EE79F4E079" blockId="3.[151,1252,1677,2037]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">
1995
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE5FFB6ABE1F8EF79F7E05B" ID-CoL="XXYB" authority="Audouin, 1831" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1831" box="[243,647,1800,1822]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="orbignyi" subSpecies="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE5FFB6ABE1F8EF7A9CE05B" box="[243,492,1800,1822]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">Conus orbignyi orbignyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE5FFB6AAE0F8EE79F7E05B" author="Audouin" box="[498,647,1800,1822]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" refString="Audouin, V. (1831) Conus Orbignyi. Magasin de Zoologie, 1, 20." type="journal article" year="1831">Audouin, 1831</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Röckel, Korn &amp; Kohn: p. 264–265, pl. 56, figs.
<date id="DE471027FFE5FFB6AF9BF8EE7BBAE079" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" value="1999-04-01">1–4. 1999</date>
a
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE5FFB6ABE1F8C17AD6E079" box="[243,422,1830,1852]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE5FFB6ABE1F8C17A44E079" ID-CoL="9CHYM" box="[243,308,1831,1852]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Conus</taxonomicName>
orbignyi—
</emphasis>
Kohn &amp; Arua: p. 121.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA4636E7FFE5FFB6AB85F8A379A3E01E" blockId="3.[151,1252,1677,2037]" box="[151,723,1861,1883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">
1999b
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE5FFB6ABE1F8A079E7E01E" ID-CoL="XXYB" authority="Audouin-Kohn &amp; Arua" authorityName="Audouin-Kohn &amp; Arua" box="[243,663,1861,1883]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE5FFB6ABE1F8A07AE0E01E" box="[243,400,1861,1883]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">Conus orbignyi</emphasis>
Audouin—Kohn &amp; Arua
</taxonomicName>
: p 27.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA4636E7FFE5FFB6AB85F882789DE0B1" blockId="3.[151,1252,1677,2037]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">
2000
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE5FFB6ABE1F88279E8E03F" ID-CoL="XXYB" authority="Audouin, 1831" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1831" box="[243,664,1892,1914]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orbignyi" subGenus="Asprella">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE5FFB6ABE1F8827A8CE03F" box="[243,508,1892,1914]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">Conus (Asprella) orbignyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE5FFB6A910F88279E8E03F" author="Audouin" box="[514,664,1892,1914]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" refString="Audouin, V. (1831) Conus Orbignyi. Magasin de Zoologie, 1, 20." type="journal article" year="1831">Audouin, 1831</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Hori: p. 613, pl. 305, fig. 131. 2009
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE5FFB6ABE1F864791FE0DD" authority="Audouin, 1831" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1831" box="[243,623,1922,1944]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Bathyconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE5FFB6ABE1F8647AB5E0DD" box="[243,453,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">Bathyconus orbignyi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE5FFB6AAC0F8647918E0DD" author="Audouin" box="[466,616,1922,1944]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" refString="Audouin, V. (1831) Conus Orbignyi. Magasin de Zoologie, 1, 20." type="journal article" year="1831">Audouin, 1831</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—Tucker &amp; Tenorio: p. 138, pl. 9, fig. 5 &amp; pl. XIII, figs.
<date id="DE471027FFE5FFB6AFA4F8647BB9E0F2" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" value="2011-06-04">4–6. 2011</date>
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE5FFB6ABE1F844795AE0F2" ID-CoL="XXYB" authority="Audouin, 1831" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1831" box="[243,554,1953,1975]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE5FFB6ABE1F8447AE0E0F2" box="[243,400,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">Conus orbignyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE5FFB6AA84F847795AE0F2" author="Audouin" box="[406,554,1953,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" refString="Audouin, V. (1831) Conus Orbignyi. Magasin de Zoologie, 1, 20." type="journal article" year="1831">Audouin, 1831</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
—Puillandre
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE5FFB6A9A7F8447999E0F2" box="[693,745,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">et al.</emphasis>
: figs. 5A &amp; 6Q–W. 2013
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE5FFB6ABE1F826791FE093" authority="Audouin, 1831" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1831" box="[243,623,1984,2006]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Bathyconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE5FFB6ABE1F8267AB5E093" box="[243,453,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">Bathyconus orbignyi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE5FFB6AAC0F8267918E093" author="Audouin" box="[466,616,1984,2006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" refString="Audouin, V. (1831) Conus Orbignyi. Magasin de Zoologie, 1, 20." type="journal article" year="1831">Audouin, 1831</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—Tucker &amp; Tenorio: p. 305. 2015
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE5FFB6ABE1F8387985E0B1" ID-CoL="XK2C" authority="Audouin, 1831" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1831" box="[243,757,2014,2036]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conasprella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orbignyi" subGenus="Fusiconus">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE5FFB6ABE1F838793BE0B1" box="[243,587,2014,2036]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">Conasprella (Fusiconus) orbignyi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE5FFB6A94AF838799DE0B1" author="Audouin" box="[600,749,2014,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="548" refString="Audouin, V. (1831) Conus Orbignyi. Magasin de Zoologie, 1, 20." type="journal article" year="1831">Audouin, 1831</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
—Puillandre
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE5FFB6A893F80678C4E0B1" box="[897,948,2014,2037]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="548">et al.</emphasis>
: p. 5.
</paragraph>
<caption id="FE86666FFFE2FFB1AB85F97178FFE18E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/253520/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" targetBox="[224,1358,195,1663]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="AA4636E7FFE2FFB1AB85F97178FFE18E" blockId="4.[151,1303,1687,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE2FFB1AB85F9717A37E1E8" bold="true" box="[151,327,1687,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">FIGURES 1–10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE2FFB1AA5FF9717AD5E1E8" ID-CoL="7NGX8" box="[333,421,1687,1709]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Conidae</taxonomicName>
. The same scale is used in all images. The scale bar at the centre of the Plate is 10 mm. 1.
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE2FFB1ABA2F953794BE18E" ID-CoL="XK2C" authority="Audouin, 1831" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1831" box="[176,571,1717,1739]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conasprella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE2FFB1ABA2F9537A5DE18E" box="[176,301,1717,1739]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">Conasprella</emphasis>
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE2FFB1AA21F9537AF9E18E" box="[307,393,1717,1739]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">orbignyi</emphasis>
(Audouin, 1831)
</taxonomicName>
. RGM 1008312. Locality Anda3.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="AA4636E7FFE2FFB1AB85F93278FEE1AF" blockId="4.[151,1303,1687,2015]" box="[151,910,1748,1770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">
2.
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE2FFB1ABA2F932794BE1AF" ID-CoL="XK2C" authority="Audouin, 1831" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1831" box="[176,571,1748,1770]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conasprella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE2FFB1ABA2F9327AF9E1AF" box="[176,393,1748,1770]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">Conasprella orbignyi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE2FFB1AA84F9327942E1AF" author="Audouin" box="[406,562,1748,1770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" refString="Audouin, V. (1831) Conus Orbignyi. Magasin de Zoologie, 1, 20." type="journal article" year="1831">Audouin, 1831</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. RGM 1008311. Locality Anda1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2E3656CFFE2FFB1AB85F91578A6E09A" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" type="description">
<paragraph id="AA4636E7FFE2FFB1AB85F9157807E062" blockId="4.[151,1303,1687,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">
3.
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE2FFB1ABA2F91579BCE04C" authority="Rockel &amp; Lan, 1981" authorityName="Rockel &amp; Lan" authorityYear="1981" box="[176,716,1779,1801]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conasprella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pseudorbignyi">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE2FFB1ABA2F9157A5DE04C" box="[176,301,1779,1801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">Conasprella</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE2FFB1AA41F9157A94E04C" box="[339,484,1779,1801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">pseudorbignyi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE2FFB1AAE3F91579B4E04C" author="Rockel" box="[497,708,1779,1801]" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" refString="Rockel, D. &amp; Lan, T. C. (1981) Description of a New Species of Conidae from Taiwan. Bulletin of Malacology, Republic of Taiwan, 8, 15 - 17." type="journal article" year="1981">Röckel &amp; Lan, 1981</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. RGM 1008316. Locality Anda6. 4.
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE2FFB1ABA2F8F77952E062" authority="Reeve, 1848" authorityName="Reeve" authorityYear="1848" box="[176,546,1809,1831]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conasprella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sieboldii">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE2FFB1ABA2F8F77AFAE062" box="[176,394,1809,1831]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">Conasprella sieboldii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE2FFB1AA85F8F7796AE062" author="Reeve" box="[407,538,1809,1831]" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" refString="Reeve, L. A. (1848) Conus Supp. Plate I. Conchologia Iconica, 1, Supplement." type="journal volume" year="1848">Reeve, 1848</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. RGM 1008313. Locality Anda6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA4636E7FFE2FFB1AB85F8D678A6E09A" blockId="4.[151,1303,1687,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">
5.
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE2FFB1ABA2F8D67992E003" authority="Bartsch &amp; Rehder, 1943" authorityName="Bartsch &amp; Rehder" authorityYear="1943" box="[176,738,1840,1862]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conasprella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eugrammata">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE2FFB1ABA2F8D67A5DE003" box="[176,301,1840,1862]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">Conasprella</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE2FFB1AA41F8D77AA3E003" box="[339,467,1841,1862]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">eugrammata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE2FFB1AAF2F8D679AAE003" author="Bartsch" box="[480,730,1840,1862]" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" refString="Bartsch, P. &amp; Rehder, H. A. (1943) New Cones from the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 56, 85 - 88." type="journal article" year="1943">Bartsch &amp; Rehder, 1943</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. RGM 1008314. Locality Anda6. 6.
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE2FFB1ABA2F8A979AFE020" authority="Bartsch &amp; Rehder, 1943" authorityName="Bartsch &amp; Rehder" authorityYear="1943" box="[176,735,1871,1893]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conasprella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="eugrammata">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE2FFB1ABA2F8A97A5DE020" box="[176,301,1871,1893]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">Conasprella</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE2FFB1AA41F8B67AA3E020" box="[339,467,1872,1893]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">eugrammata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE2FFB1AAF2F8A979A8E020" author="Bartsch" box="[480,728,1871,1893]" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" refString="Bartsch, P. &amp; Rehder, H. A. (1943) New Cones from the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 56, 85 - 88." type="journal article" year="1943">Bartsch &amp; Rehder, 1943</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. RGM 1008315. Locality AndaDeVos. 7.
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE2FFB1ABA2F8887867E0C6" authority="Moolenbeek, Rockel &amp; Bouchet, 2008" authorityName="Moolenbeek, Rockel &amp; Bouchet" authorityYear="2008" box="[176,791,1901,1923]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fijisulcatus">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE2FFB1ABA2F8887B81E0C6" box="[176,241,1902,1923]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">Conus</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE2FFB1AA05F88B7AF6E0C6" box="[279,390,1901,1923]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">fijisulcatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE2FFB1AA9FF88B7867E0C6" author="Moolenbeek" box="[397,791,1901,1923]" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" refString="Moolenbeek, R. G., Rockel, D. &amp; Bouchet, P. (2008) New records and new species of cones from deeper water off Fiji (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Conidae). Fita Malacoligica, 6, 35 - 49." type="journal article" year="2008">Moolenbeek, Röckel &amp; Bouchet, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. RGM 1008317. Locality Anda1. 8.
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE2FFB1ABA2F86B7867E0E7" authority="Moolenbeek, Rockel &amp; Bouchet, 2008" authorityName="Moolenbeek, Rockel &amp; Bouchet" authorityYear="2008" box="[176,791,1932,1954]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fijisulcatus">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE2FFB1ABA2F86B7B81E0E7" box="[176,241,1933,1954]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">Conus</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE2FFB1AA05F86A7AF6E0E7" box="[279,390,1932,1954]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">fijisulcatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE2FFB1AA9FF86A7867E0E7" author="Moolenbeek" box="[397,791,1932,1954]" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" refString="Moolenbeek, R. G., Rockel, D. &amp; Bouchet, P. (2008) New records and new species of cones from deeper water off Fiji (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Conidae). Fita Malacoligica, 6, 35 - 49." type="journal article" year="2008">Moolenbeek, Röckel &amp; Bouchet, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. RGM 1008318. Locality Anda1. 9.
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE2FFB1ABA2F84D7867E084" authority="Moolenbeek, Rockel &amp; Bouchet, 2008" authorityName="Moolenbeek, Rockel &amp; Bouchet" authorityYear="2008" box="[176,791,1963,1985]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="fijisulcatus">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE2FFB1ABA2F84D7B81E085" box="[176,241,1963,1984]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">Conus</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE2FFB1AA05F84D7AF6E084" box="[279,390,1963,1985]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">fijisulcatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE2FFB1AA9FF84D7867E084" author="Moolenbeek" box="[397,791,1963,1985]" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" refString="Moolenbeek, R. G., Rockel, D. &amp; Bouchet, P. (2008) New records and new species of cones from deeper water off Fiji (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Conidae). Fita Malacoligica, 6, 35 - 49." type="journal article" year="2008">Moolenbeek, Röckel &amp; Bouchet, 2008</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. RGM 1008319. Locality Roxas. 10.
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE2FFB1ABAFF82F79F1E09A" authority="Kuroda, 1956" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1956" box="[189,641,1993,2015]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Profundiconus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="profundorum">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE2FFB1ABAFF82F7AACE09A" box="[189,476,1993,2015]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="549">Profundiconus profundorum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE2FFB1AAFBF82F790AE09A" author="Kuroda" box="[489,634,1993,2015]" pageId="4" pageNumber="549" refString="Kuroda, T. (1956) New species of the Conidae (Gastropoda). Fenus, 19, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1956">Kuroda, 1956</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. RGM 1008320. Locality Anda2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2E3656CFFE3FFB0AB85FF717A55E51A" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="AA4636E7FFE3FFB0AB85FF717933E605" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE3FFB0AB85FF717A76E7F5" bold="true" box="[151,262,151,176]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">Material.</emphasis>
Anda1 (6) RGM 1008311, RGM 1008324, RGM 1008325, RGM 1008326, RGM 1008327, RGM 1008328 (no photo), Anda2 (5) RGM 1008321, RGM 1008322, RGM 1008323 (no photo), RGM 962063 (no photo), RGM 962090 (no photo), Anda3 (6) RGM 1008312, RGM 1008329, RGM 1008330, RGM 1008331 (no photo), RGM 1008332 (no photo), RGM 1008333 (no photo), AndaDeVos (2) RGM 1008334, RGM 962091 (no photo), AndaClif1 (1) RGM 1008335.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA4636E7FFE3FFB0ABD5FEAA7A55E51A" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE3FFB0ABD5FEAA7AEAE620" bold="true" box="[199,410,332,357]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">Characterization.</emphasis>
Shell medium-sized, up to
<quantity id="6D019B02FFE3FFB0A9F7FEAA784CE621" box="[741,828,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" unit="mm" value="41.0">41 mm</quantity>
. Protoconch of 3 to 3.5 whorls. Teleoconch whorls tuberculate. Spire high, stepped; outline straight to slightly concave. Sutural ramp slightly concave, ornamented with 1 increasing to 6 spiral grooves above the tubercles and with radial threads. Last whorl narrowly conical to conical or narrowly pyriform, outline straight to weakly convex at upper two-thirds and straight to weakly concave at lower one-third. Shoulder angulate, with strong tubercles and two rather narrow spiral grooves just below tubercles. Subsutural flexure shallow, gently curved. Sculpture of last whorl consists of rather strong, axially striate spiral grooves, which become narrower in larger shells. Siphonal canal often deflected to the dorsal side. Aperture very narrow.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2E3656CFFE3FFB0ABD5FD8A781DE5B5" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AA4636E7FFE3FFB0ABD5FD8A781DE5B5" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE3FFB0ABD5FD8A7A10E5C0" bold="true" box="[199,352,620,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="D2EE7677FFE3FFB0AA7BFD8B7AD9E5C1" box="[361,425,621,644]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">Japan</collectingCountry>
to the
<collectingCountry id="D2EE7677FFE3FFB0AAEEFD8A790DE5C0" box="[508,637,620,645]" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">Philippines</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="683DF805FFE3FFB0A998FD8A7861E5C0" box="[650,785,620,645]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">Queensland</collectingRegion>
, in
<quantity id="6D019B02FFE3FFB0A82FFD8A78C0E5C1" box="[829,944,620,645]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" unit="m" value="225.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="50.0">50–400 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE3FFB0A8D3FD8A7E7EE5C0" author="Rockel" box="[961,1294,620,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" refString="Rockel, D., Korn, W. &amp; Kohn, A. J. (1995) Manual of the living Conidae, Folume 1: Indo-Pacific Region. Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, Germany, 517 pp." type="book" year="1995">Röckel, Korn &amp; Kohn, 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
<collectingCountry id="D2EE7677FFE3FFB0AE31FD8B7E13E5C1" box="[1315,1379,621,644]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">Japan</collectingCountry>
Sea, southward to the
<collectingCountry id="D2EE7677FFE3FFB0AA49FD697AACE5ED" box="[347,476,655,680]" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">Philippines</collectingCountry>
, sand and mud bottoms,
<quantity id="6D019B02FFE3FFB0A9E4FD697817E5E2" box="[758,871,655,680]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.375" metricValueMax="4.25" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" unit="m" value="237.5" valueMax="425.0" valueMin="50.0">50–425 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE3FFB0A865FD697888E5ED" author="Hori" box="[887,1016,655,680]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" refString="Hori, S. (2000) Family Conidae. In: Okutani, T. (Ed.), Marine Mollusks in Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp. 586 - 619." type="book chapter" year="2000">Hori, 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Also from the Pliocene of
<collectingRegion id="683DF805FFE3FFB0AE25FD697EECE5ED" box="[1335,1436,655,680]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE3FFB0AB8DFD527A5AE589" author="Noda" box="[159,298,692,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" refString="Noda, H. (1988) Molluscan fossils from the Ryukyu Islands, Southwest Japan. Part 2. Gastropoda and Pelecypoda from the Shinzato Formation in the middle part of Okinawa-jima. Science Reports of the Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, Section B, Geological Sciences, 9, 29 - 85." type="journal article" year="1988">Noda, 1988</bibRefCitation>
), Early Pleistocene of
<collectingCountry id="D2EE7677FFE3FFB0A92BFD5279FBE588" box="[569,651,692,717]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE3FFB0A98CFD527839E588" author="Nomura" box="[670,841,692,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" refString="Nomura, S. (1935) Catalogue of the Tertiary and Quartery Mollusca from the island of Taiwan (Formosa) in the Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Tohoku Imperial University, Sendai, Japan, Part 2, Scaphopoda and Gastropoda. The Science Reports of the Tohoku Imperial University, Sendai, Japan, second series (Geology), 18, 53 - 228." type="journal article" year="1935">Nomura, 1935</bibRefCitation>
), the Pleistocene of
<collectingCountry id="D2EE7677FFE3FFB0AF2FFD537FE9E589" box="[1085,1177,693,716]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE3FFB0AFBEFD527E42E589" author="Ladd" box="[1196,1330,692,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" refString="Ladd, H. S. (1982) Cenozoic fossil mollusks from Western Pacific islands; Gastropods (Eulimidae and Volutidae through Terebridae). U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1171, 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1982">Ladd, 1982</bibRefCitation>
) and the Pleistocene of
<collectingCountry id="D2EE7677FFE3FFB0AA2EFD317A13E5B5" box="[316,355,727,752]" name="Fiji" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">Fiji</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE3FFB0AA63FD317913E5B5" author="Kohn" box="[369,611,727,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" refString="Kohn, A. J. &amp; Arua, I. (1999 a) An Early Pleistocene molluscan fauna from Fiji: gastropod faunal composition, paleoecology and biogeography. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 146, 99 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0031 - 0182 (98) 00135 - 7" type="journal article" year="1999" yearSuffix="a">Kohn &amp; Arua, 1999a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE3FFB0A97CFD317811E5B5" author="Kohn" box="[622,865,727,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" refString="Kohn, A. J. &amp; Arua, I. (1999 b) Appendix A: List of gastropod species in both quantitative random and non-random samples from the Lower Pleistocene Nakasi Beds, Viti Levu, Fiji. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Online, 1 - 32." type="book chapter" year="1999" yearSuffix="b">Kohn &amp; Arua, 1999b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E2E3656CFFE3FFB0ABD5FD1A7F3DE168" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="AA4636E7FFE3FFB0ABD5FD1A7FD1E4E0" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE3FFB0ABD5FD1A7A4BE450" bold="true" box="[199,315,764,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE3FFB0AA51FD1A7987E451" authority="Audouin, 1831" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1831" box="[323,759,764,789]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conasprella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE3FFB0AA51FD1A7944E450" box="[323,564,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">Conasprella orbignyi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE3FFB0A951FD1A799EE451" author="Audouin" box="[579,750,764,789]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" refString="Audouin, V. (1831) Conus Orbignyi. Magasin de Zoologie, 1, 20." type="journal article" year="1831">Audouin, 1831</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
was previously thought to be a species complex containing three subspecies (
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE3FFB0AA70FCF979C0E47D" author="Rockel" box="[354,688,799,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" refString="Rockel, D., Korn, W. &amp; Kohn, A. J. (1995) Manual of the living Conidae, Folume 1: Indo-Pacific Region. Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, Germany, 517 pp." type="book" year="1995">Röckel, Korn &amp; Kohn, 1995</bibRefCitation>
), but
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE3FFB0A9E7FCF9788FE47D" box="[757,1023,799,824]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" refString="Puillandre, N., Meyer, C. P., Bouchet, P. &amp; Olivera, B. M. (2011) Genetic divergence and geographical variation in the deepwater Conus orbignyi complex. Zoologica Scripta, 40, 350 - 363." type="journal article">
Puillandre
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE3FFB0A863FCC778DCE47D" box="[881,940,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
regard these subspecies as separate species, based on their genetic divergence, shell morphology and geographic variation. This separation is regarded here as justified, even though the shell morphology of some of the newly created taxa seems to overlap, particularly in
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE3FFB0ABA6FC6B7A84E4E1" authority="Audouin, 1831" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1831" box="[180,500,908,933]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conasprella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE3FFB0ABA6FC6B7A43E4E0" box="[180,307,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">C. orbignyi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE3FFB0AA50FC6A7A9CE4E1" author="Audouin" box="[322,492,908,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" refString="Audouin, V. (1831) Conus Orbignyi. Magasin de Zoologie, 1, 20." type="journal article" year="1831">Audouin, 1831</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83BE578EFFE3FFB0AAEEFC6B796FE4E1" box="[508,543,909,932]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE3FFB0AAEEFC6B796FE4E1" box="[508,543,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">s.s.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE3FFB0A944FC6B7FECE4E0" authority="Rockel, Richard &amp; Moolenbeek, 1995" authorityName="Rockel, Richard &amp; Moolenbeek" authorityYear="1995" box="[598,1180,908,933]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conasprella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="coriolisi">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE3FFB0A944FC6B79A3E4E0" box="[598,723,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">C. coriolisi</emphasis>
(Röckel, Richard &amp; Moolenbeek, 1995)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA4636E7FFE3FFB0ABD5FC497811E370" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">
Unfortunately,
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE3FFB0AA62FC497903E48D" box="[368,627,943,968]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" refString="Puillandre, N., Meyer, C. P., Bouchet, P. &amp; Olivera, B. M. (2011) Genetic divergence and geographical variation in the deepwater Conus orbignyi complex. Zoologica Scripta, 40, 350 - 363." type="journal article">
Puillandre
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE3FFB0AAF8FC577953E48D" box="[490,547,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
do not discuss fossil shells in the
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE3FFB0A8E3FC567F00E48D" box="[1009,1136,943,968]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conasprella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE3FFB0A8E3FC567F00E48D" box="[1009,1136,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">C. orbignyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-complex. However, based on the strong spiral grooves on the body whorl, the strong tubercles and spiral grooves on the spire and the relatively slender body whorl and spire, the studied fossil material matches
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE3FFB0A8FCFC1E7E42E355" authority="Audouin, 1831" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1831" box="[1006,1330,1015,1040]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conasprella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE3FFB0A8FCFC1E7F1FE355" box="[1006,1135,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">C. orbignyi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE3FFB0AF6CFC117E5AE355" author="Audouin" box="[1150,1322,1015,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" refString="Audouin, V. (1831) Conus Orbignyi. Magasin de Zoologie, 1, 20." type="journal article" year="1831">Audouin, 1831</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83BE578EFFE3FFB0AE28FC1F7E2DE355" box="[1338,1373,1017,1040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE3FFB0AE28FC1F7E2DE355" box="[1338,1373,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">s.s.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
most closely. This identification was confirmed by Rob Moolenbeek.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA4636E7FFE3FFB0ABD5FBD97F1BE285" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">
Twelve specimens were measured, eight of which show minor damage (see
<tableCitation id="E77B035CFFE3FFB0AF56FBD97FEEE31D" box="[1092,1182,1087,1112]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="2.[119,191,602,621]" captionTargetBox="[119,1847,777,1623]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements of the Coniđae. NPW = Number of Protoconch Whorls, SL = Shell Length, MD = Maximum Diameter, AH = Aperture Height, HMD = Height of Maximum Diameter, RD = Relative Diameter = MD / AH, PMD = Position of Maximum Diameter = HMD / AH, RSH = Relative Spire Height = (SL-AH) / SL. SL, MD, AH anđ HMD are given in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/FE86666FFFE4FFB7AB65FDBC7D75E5C9" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" tableUuid="FE86666FFFE4FFB7AB65FDBC7D75E5C9">Table 2</tableCitation>
). The results of these measurements were compared to the values given by
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE3FFB0A9FAFB827F40E338" box="[744,1072,1124,1149]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" refString="Rockel, D., Korn, W. &amp; Kohn, A. J. (1995) Manual of the living Conidae, Folume 1: Indo-Pacific Region. Verlag Christa Hemmen, Wiesbaden, Germany, 517 pp." type="book">Röckel, Korn &amp; Kohn (1995)</bibRefCitation>
for
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE3FFB0AF4FFB837EECE339" authority="Audouin, 1831" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1831" box="[1117,1436,1124,1149]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conasprella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE3FFB0AF4FFB837FACE338" box="[1117,1244,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">C. orbignyi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE3FFB0AFF8FB827EE4E339" author="Audouin" box="[1258,1428,1124,1149]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" refString="Audouin, V. (1831) Conus Orbignyi. Magasin de Zoologie, 1, 20." type="journal article" year="1831">Audouin, 1831</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE3FFB0AB85FB6F7BCAE3E5" box="[151,186,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83BE578EFFE3FFB0AB85FB6F7BCAE3E5" box="[151,186,1161,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" sensu="stricto">s.s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, which are: NPW 4, SL
<quantity id="6D019B02FFE3FFB0AAC2FB6E793CE3E5" box="[464,588,1160,1184]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="8.7" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" unit="mm" value="62.5" valueMax="87.0" valueMin="38.0">38–87 mm</quantity>
, RD 0.42–0.50, PMD 0.83–0.90 and RSH 0.21–0.28. The measurements in the fossil material are all near the upper limits of these values, or exceed them, with the exception of NPW and SL. The averaged values for the undamaged specimens are: NPW 3.2, SL
<quantity id="6D019B02FFE3FFB0A8A8FB367F51E3AD" box="[954,1057,1232,1256]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.27" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" unit="mm" value="32.7">32.7 mm</quantity>
, RD 0.50, PMD 0.92, RSH 0.31. The specimens are likely not full-grown shells, as reflected by their relatively low SL. This might have caused the RD, PMD and RSH values to turn out relatively high. There is no obvious reason for the difference in NPW. Perhaps there is an evolutionary trend that has caused NPW to increase over the last 2 million years. Fossils from other localities with intact protoconchs need to be examined to confirm this. However, the fact that these values do not entirely overlap with those given for
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE3FFB0A970FA6378D3E2D9" authority="Audouin, 1831" authorityName="Audouin" authorityYear="1831" box="[610,931,1412,1437]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conasprella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE3FFB0A970FA637992E2D8" box="[610,738,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">C. orbignyi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE3FFB0A9E2FA6278EBE2D9" author="Audouin" box="[752,923,1412,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" refString="Audouin, V. (1831) Conus Orbignyi. Magasin de Zoologie, 1, 20." type="journal article" year="1831">Audouin, 1831</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="83BE578EFFE3FFB0A8B8FA6378BEE2D9" box="[938,974,1413,1436]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE3FFB0A8B8FA6378BEE2D9" box="[938,974,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">s.s.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, is considered here to be inconsequential to the species assignment of the studied material, also because of the small sample size.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA4636E7FFE3FFB0ABD5FA2A7E27E2A0" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1581]" box="[199,1367,1484,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">Specimen RGM 1008311 (Anda1) was bleached to try to reveal its colour pattern, but this had no effect.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA4636E7FFE3FFB0ABD5FA097F3DE168" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">
<bibRefCitation id="CE684B16FFE3FFB0ABD5FA097A25E14D" author="Noda" box="[199,341,1519,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" refString="Noda, H. (1988) Molluscan fossils from the Ryukyu Islands, Southwest Japan. Part 2. Gastropoda and Pelecypoda from the Shinzato Formation in the middle part of Okinawa-jima. Science Reports of the Institute of Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, Section B, Geological Sciences, 9, 29 - 85." type="journal article" year="1988">Noda (1988)</bibRefCitation>
figures a very large (SL&gt;
<quantity id="6D019B02FFE3FFB0A966FA1679B7E14D" box="[628,711,1520,1544]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" unit="mm" value="80.0">80 mm</quantity>
), very high spired fossil specimen that matches
<taxonomicName id="6DF94D64FFE3FFB0AFCCFA167E2EE14D" box="[1246,1374,1519,1544]" class="Gastropoda" family="Conidae" genus="Conasprella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="orbignyi">
<emphasis id="988DEAF5FFE3FFB0AFCCFA167E2EE14D" box="[1246,1374,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">C. orbignyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its sculptural characters and is regarded here as thus, despite its aberrant shape and size.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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