treatments-xml/data/03/DF/DB/03DFDB345E75FFFBFEE1FDFA39BDFCA1.xml

<document id="286A29337BD6F0978915FF0BD99FDF9C" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.170530" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9fa4474f-fb45-4b29-8042-b8649034b00c" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="170530" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459749372371" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mccleve, Scott &amp; Kohlmann, Bert" docDate="2005" docId="03DFDB345E75FFFBFEE1FDFA39BDFCA1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01096p028.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1096" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Copris warneri McCleve and Kohlmann, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FFE6A34C5E74FFF3FFE9FF943D30FF9F" masterDocTitle="New species and new records of Copris (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Mexico and the United States" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="17" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1698211435777" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="F26E0B408BF04F9B793FD0500810C901">New species and new records of Copris (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Mexico and the United States</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D79CBFA34E16FAEEA2BA1EF3C239EFF1">Mccleve, Scott</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1AA328212271D500E8651F8B3A89B6F7">Kohlmann, Bert</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C36C39A95E75FFF2FEE1FDFA3EDCFD17" box="[264,1004,622,648]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC96A225E75FFF2FEE1FDFA3EDCFD17" blockId="1.[264,1004,622,648]" box="[264,1004,622,648]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="D081DD4E5E75FFF2FEE1FDFA3EDCFD17" bold="true" box="[264,1004,622,648]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E75FFF2FEE1FDFA3EDCFD17" bold="true" box="[264,1004,622,648]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E75FFF2FEE1FDFA3FC8FD17" ID-CoL="7ZMNN" authority="McCleve and Kohlmann" authorityName="McCleve and Kohlmann" box="[264,760,622,648]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E75FFF2FEE1FDFA3C8EFD17" bold="true" box="[264,446,622,648]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Copris warneri</emphasis>
McCleve and Kohlmann
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2310B4B5E75FFF2FCEFFDFA3E53FD17" box="[774,867,622,648]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="134D76A75E75FFF2FC9AFDFA3ED2FD17" box="[883,994,622,648]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="4.[264,368,1699,1723]" captionStartId-1="5.[264,368,1832,1856]" captionStartId-2="6.[264,368,1293,1317]" captionStartId-3="7.[264,368,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox-0="[366,1223,291,1668]" captionTargetBox-1="[378,1223,488,1791]" captionTargetBox-2="[498,1085,527,1273]" captionTargetBox-3="[309,1295,1124,1827]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[363,1224,291,1677]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[351,1290,468,1825]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[493,1093,507,1283]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[253,1333,1124,1835]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Dorsal view of a male Copris warneri." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Dorsal view of a female of Copris warneri." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Dorsal view of a male Copris warneri head (top) and the lateral view of the anterior part of a male elytron (bottom)." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Distribution of Copris cited in the work in southern USA and northern Mexico. Green squares = Copris warneri, red triangles = Copris arizonensis, yellow circles = Copris martinezi." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/170531/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/170532/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/170533/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/170534/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C39A95E75FFF2FEE1FD203C7EFBFE" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC96A225E75FFF2FEE1FD203C7EFBFE" blockId="1.[264,1323,692,1881]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E75FFF2FEE1FD203CB8FD51" bold="true" box="[264,392,692,718]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
This species is characterized as follows: male clypeal teeth small, remote; clypeal emargination shallow, smoothly and broadly arcuate, without median notch; median pronotal prominences closely approximate (in dorsal view), exterior margins divergent, emargination between prominences deep so as to embrace head horn, each prominence narrow, each at tip subequal to width of head horn apex; median dorsal sulcus shallow, with small umbilical punctures not extending onto bifurcate process; lateral pronotal prominences reduced, not usually projecting anteriorly past anterior pronotal angles in dorsal view, in profile with upper margin directed on a line toward base of head horn; 8th elytral stria complete; 9th elytral stria complete except for basal part opposite mesoepisternum; anterior tibial spur slender, turned sharply inward and downward, apex acute.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C39A95E75FFF0FED1FBFB3CABFD59" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC96A225E75FFF2FED1FBFB3EB2FA56" blockId="1.[264,1323,692,1881]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E75FFF2FED1FBFB3E62FB16" bold="true" box="[312,850,1135,1161]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
Description.
<typeStatus id="54CDD4805E75FFF2FE09FBFB3F64FB16" box="[480,596,1135,1161]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
. Male (
<figureCitation id="134D76A75E75FFF2FD50FBFB3E3DFB16" box="[697,781,1135,1161]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1699,1723]" captionTargetBox="[366,1223,291,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[363,1224,291,1677]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dorsal view of a male Copris warneri." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170531/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="134D76A75E75FFF2FCF5FBFB3E1CFB16" box="[796,812,1135,1161]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1293,1317]" captionTargetBox="[498,1085,527,1273]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[493,1093,507,1283]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal view of a male Copris warneri head (top) and the lateral view of the anterior part of a male elytron (bottom)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170533/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">3</figureCitation>
, 4)
</emphasis>
: Total length: 19.3 mm. Elytral width: 10.3 mm. Clypeus with two small remote teeth; emargination shallow, smoothly and broadly arcuate, with no median notch (
<figureCitation id="134D76A75E75FFF2FD0FFB2B3E1FFB46" box="[742,815,1215,1241]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1293,1317]" captionTargetBox="[498,1085,527,1273]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[493,1093,507,1283]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal view of a male Copris warneri head (top) and the lateral view of the anterior part of a male elytron (bottom)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170533/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Posterior angles of genae acute. Upper surface of head weakly umbilicopunctate, more prominent on genae, less so anteriorly, sparser and less distinct medially basal to emargination. Minute punctures evident at
<date id="FFC84CE25E75FFF2FB1CFA9B3818FAB6" box="[1269,1320,1295,1321]" pageId="1" pageNumber="18" value="1925-10">25X</date>
magnification around base of horn, eyes, base of head. Occipital margin in three overlapping segments. Head horn long, apex extending above apices of medial pronotal prominences in lateral profile, smoothly curved backward. Demarcation between gula and submentum broadly Vshaped. Antennae dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC96A225E75FFF1FED1FA433F1CFC11" blockId="1.[264,1323,692,1881]" lastBlockId="2.[264,1325,284,1876]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="1" pageNumber="18">
Pronotal anterolateral angles obtuse, lateral margin angled out near origin of lateral carina. Lateral carina more or less prominent. Anterior margin behind genae almost straight, not concave. Dorsal median longitudinal sulcus shallow, incomplete; punctures small to moderate, vaguely umbilicate. Entire surface of pronotum punctate except for elevated portions of median prominences. Dorsal surface of basal half of median prominences (except for dorsal sulcus) with evenly distributed, minute punctures; minute punctures continuing onto base of lateral prominences, becoming gradually coarser and more umbilicate toward pronotal basal margin. Posterior angles with broad area of coarse umbilical punctures, punctures smaller below lateral carina, large to moderate in lateral fossa. Entire anterior face of median prominences with widely spaced small circular, umbilicate punctures; punctures near base of median prominences narrow, elongate. Concavity between median and lateral prominences with small, widely and regularly spaced, round, umbilicate punctures. Median prominences approximate, slender; outside margins divergent; apex of each slightly wider than base, slightly wider than apex of head horn; emargination between apices deeply Ushaped, about as deep as 4 diameters of head horn apex (Fig. 4). In lateral profile each prominence has a blunt apex and a bulge on the underside, apex wider than stem. Lateral prominences small; in dorsal view angled outward toward, but not reaching, apical pronotal angles (
<figureCitation id="134D76A75E76FFF1FC55FDA03933FDD1" box="[956,1027,564,590]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1699,1723]" captionTargetBox="[366,1223,291,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[363,1224,291,1677]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Dorsal view of a male Copris warneri." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170531/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); in lateral profile upper margin of lateral prominences angled slightly downward, upper margin directed toward base of head horn. Anterior face of lateral prominences more or less perpendicular to lateral margin, apex rightangled, furthest point of lateral prominences not extending over anterior margin of pronotum (Fig. 4). Anterior prosternal margin with small, triangular tooth; sternellum with about 4 irregular transverse rows of crisp, welldefined, moderatetolarge, umbilicate punctures; punctures with fine, pale setae shorter than puncture width. Median lobe of metasternum densely umbilicopunctate anteriorly and laterally; median impressed line complete.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC96A225E76FFF1FED1FC0B3F76FBAB" blockId="2.[264,1325,284,1876]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
Elytra with 8th stria complete; 9th stria complete except for basal segment opposite mesoepisternum (
<figureCitation id="134D76A75E76FFF1FE0BFC5E3F03FC7B" box="[482,563,970,996]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1293,1317]" captionTargetBox="[498,1085,527,1273]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[493,1093,507,1283]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal view of a male Copris warneri head (top) and the lateral view of the anterior part of a male elytron (bottom)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170533/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); 10th stria complete. Striae closely, moderately punctate; punctures slightly transverse, separated by their approximate width. Interstriae slightly convex, minutely punctate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC96A225E76FFF1FED1FBD63977FB1B" blockId="2.[264,1325,284,1876]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Pygidium with margin complete; punctures umbilical, small to moderate; punctures bearing short, minute, pale setae. Genital capsule without apical hook.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC96A225E76FFF1FED1FB063CBEFA73" blockId="2.[264,1325,284,1876]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Ventral surface of profemora with large, setose, umbilicate punctures on posterior longitudinal half with dark setae; punctures becoming much smaller toward anterior half, then minute and apparently simple near anterior margin and bearing minute, pale setae. Protibial spurs sharply bent at almost a right angle directed inward and downward apically, apex sharp. Middle coxae with outer face densely punctate with a single row of large, umbilicate punctures or a rugose area near outer margin; then an impunctate area; then 2–3 rows of smaller, umbilicate punctures on inner half. Ventral surface of middle and posterior femora with large, umbilicate punctures distally becoming minute, simple proximally.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC96A225E76FFF1FED1FA6D3E8AF8CB" blockId="2.[264,1325,284,1876]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E76FFF1FED1FA6D3FB1F98C" bold="true" box="[312,641,1529,1555]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">
Allotype. Female (
<figureCitation id="134D76A75E76FFF1FDCFFA6D3F42F98C" box="[550,626,1529,1555]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[378,1223,488,1791]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[351,1290,468,1825]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal view of a female of Copris warneri." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170532/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Length: 16.8 mm. Elytral width: 9.2 mm. Differs from
<typeStatus id="54CDD4805E76FFF1FEE1F9B63C5EF9A3" box="[264,366,1570,1596]" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
as follows: head horn short, broad, slightly expanded apically, about 1.2 mm tall, 1.4 mm wide at narrowest width near base, 1.6 mm wide at apex; apex excavated, anterior and posterior margins of apex evenly elliptical in dorsal view; lateral corners of horn apex not recurved backwards. Clypeal teeth slightly closer together, more prominent, with a broad angulation between them. Foretibial spurs not as sharply bent as in male, bent portion slightly shorter. Pronotal punctation stronger, more regular with entire pronotal surface punctate. Median pronotal prominences united, anteriorly with weak carina, carina slightly emarginate medially in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="134D76A75E76FFF1FC8DF8AE3E9CF8CB" box="[868,940,1850,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[264,368,1832,1856]" captionTargetBox="[378,1223,488,1791]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[351,1290,468,1825]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal view of a female of Copris warneri." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170532/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC96A225E77FFF0FED1FE8F3CABFD59" blockId="3.[264,1324,283,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E77FFF0FED1FE8F3C81FEAA" bold="true" box="[312,433,283,309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Variation.</emphasis>
Total length 16.2–19.3 mm. Elytral width 9.0–10.3 mm. The
<typeStatus id="54CDD4805E77FFF0FB41FE88383FFEA9" box="[1192,1295,284,310]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is very fresh and unworn, but some
<typeStatus id="54CDD4805E77FFF0FD7BFED03E32FEC1" box="[658,770,324,350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
show signs of wearing. Some
<typeStatus id="54CDD4805E77FFF0FB98FED039E6FEC1" box="[1137,1238,324,350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
males, compared to the
<typeStatus id="54CDD4805E77FFF0FE23FEFF3F03FE1A" box="[458,563,363,389]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, show both smaller size and weaker development of the head and pronotal armament more or less in a continuum to the smallest and least developed male. These lesser males also have a smaller anterior tibial spur. One male (from Río Piedras Verdes) has the pronotum with larger punctures. Little variation was observed in females, including horn development and the nearly complete 9th elytral stria. One female has a head horn more expanded apically, much more like the horn in female
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E77FFF0FB9EFDA13813FDD1" box="[1143,1315,565,590]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E77FFF0FB9EFDA13813FDD1" box="[1143,1315,565,590]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">C. arizonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Pronotal angles can be obtuse or sometimes are made salient by a feeble inward curve (this was previously a diagnostic character for the
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E77FFF0FCF7FD113EF5FD01" box="[798,965,644,670]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E77FFF0FCF7FD113E01FD01" box="[798,817,645,670]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B902B6305E77FFF0FCA9FD113EF5FD01" box="[832,965,645,670]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">arizonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex but is now known to be variable).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C39A95E77FFF0FED1FD403FF3F8F1" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC96A225E77FFF0FED1FD403FF3F8F1" blockId="3.[264,1324,283,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E77FFF0FED1FD403F19FD71" bold="true" box="[312,553,724,750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Material examined</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="9D70A1AB5E77FFF0FDD4FD403F9BFD71" box="[573,683,724,750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="male">12 males</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D70A1AB5E77FFF0FD5FFD403E02FD71" box="[694,818,724,750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="female">7 females</specimenCount>
).
<emphasis id="B902B6305E77FFF0FCBDFD403EF6FD71" bold="true" box="[852,966,724,750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
<typeStatus id="54CDD4805E77FFF0FCBDFD403EF6FD71" box="[852,966,724,750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
, male:
<emphasis id="B902B6305E77FFF0FBD9FD40399CFD71" bold="true" box="[1072,1196,724,750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="F3612AB25E77FFF0FBD9FD40399CFD71" box="[1072,1196,724,750]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
<collectionCode id="ED67F2E75E77FFF0FBD9FD40399CFD71" box="[1072,1196,724,750]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">MEXICO</collectionCode>
</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B902B6305E77FFF0FB23FD403812FD71" bold="true" box="[1226,1314,724,750]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Sonora</emphasis>
: 14.4 miles NW Yécora on Santa Rosa road,
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E77FFF0FCD3FD683E9DFC89" box="[826,941,764,790]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6800576" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" unit="ft" value="5512.0">5512 feet</quantity>
elevation,
<date id="FFC84CE25E77FFF0FBD0FD6839F7FC89" box="[1081,1223,764,790]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" value="1993-07-08">8 VII 1993</date>
, UV, S. McCleve, G.E. &amp; K.E.Ball.
<emphasis id="B902B6305E77FFF0FDB4FCB73FF7FCA2" bold="true" box="[605,711,803,829]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Allotype</emphasis>
, female:
<collectionCode id="ED67F2E75E77FFF0FCAFFCB73EF1FCA2" box="[838,961,803,829]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E77FFF0FCAFFCB73EF1FCA2" bold="true" box="[838,961,803,829]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="F3612AB25E77FFF0FCAFFCB73EF1FCA2" box="[838,961,803,829]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</collectionCode>
.
<emphasis id="B902B6305E77FFF0FC3DFCB7396EFCA2" bold="true" box="[980,1118,803,829]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Chihuahua</emphasis>
:
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E77FFF0FB94FCB739E6FCA2" box="[1149,1238,803,829]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.437376" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" unit="mi" value="4.0">4 miles</quantity>
N Las Chinacas, (0.8 miles S La Lovera),
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E77FFF0FD59FCDF3E2FFCFA" box="[688,799,843,869]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.496568" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" unit="ft" value="4910.0">4910 feet</quantity>
elevation,
<date id="FFC84CE25E77FFF0FC4AFCDF3963FCFA" box="[931,1107,843,869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" value="1989-07-09" valueMax="1989-07-10" valueMin="1989-07-09">9–10 VII 1989</date>
, UV, S. McCleve.
<emphasis id="B902B6305E77FFF0FEE1FCE63CB5FC13" bold="true" box="[264,389,882,908]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
<typeStatus id="54CDD4805E77FFF0FEE1FCE63CB5FC13" box="[264,389,882,908]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCount id="9D70A1AB5E77FFF0FE7FFCE73F31FC12" box="[406,513,883,909]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="male">11 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D70A1AB5E77FFF0FDE5FCE73FB2FC12" box="[524,642,883,909]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="female">6 females</specimenCount>
):
<emphasis id="B902B6305E77FFF0FD7CFCE63E9FFC12" bold="true" box="[661,943,882,909]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
<collectingCountry id="F3612AB25E77FFF0FD7CFCE63E23FC13" box="[661,787,882,908]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">
<collectionCode id="ED67F2E75E77FFF0FD7CFCE63E23FC13" box="[661,787,882,908]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">MEXICO</collectionCode>
</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="B902B6305E77FFF0FCCCFCE73E9FFC12" bold="true" box="[805,943,883,909]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Chihuahua</emphasis>
</emphasis>
:
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E77FFF0FC2CFCE7392BFC12" box="[965,1051,883,909]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.656064" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" unit="mi" value="6.0">6 miles</quantity>
S Yécora (SON),
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E77FFF0FB19FCE73C04FC2B" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.749552" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" unit="ft" value="5740.0">5740 feet</quantity>
elevation,
<date id="FFC84CE25E77FFF0FE53FC0E3F6EFC2B" box="[442,606,922,948]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" value="1990-07-02" valueMax="1990-07-03" valueMin="1990-07-02">2–3 VII 1990</date>
, UV, S. McCleve,
<specimenCount id="9D70A1AB5E77FFF0FCABFC0E3EA8FC2B" box="[834,920,922,948]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
;
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E77FFF0FC4CFC0E3ECDFC2B" box="[933,1021,922,948]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.828032" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" unit="mi" value="3.0">3 miles</quantity>
S Ignacio Zaragoza, Río Piedras Verdes,
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E77FFF0FE39FC563F74FC43" box="[464,580,962,988]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.79832" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" unit="ft" value="5900.0">5900 feet</quantity>
elevation,
<date id="FFC84CE25E77FFF0FD38FC563EAAFC43" box="[721,922,962,988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" value="1988-07-11" valueMax="1988-07-12" valueMin="1988-07-11">11–12 VII 1988</date>
, UV, P. Jump,
<specimenCount id="9D70A1AB5E77FFF0FBB7FC563986FC43" box="[1118,1206,962,988]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
; same as allotype,
<specimenCount id="9D70A1AB5E77FFF0FE9CFC7E3CEFFB9B" box="[373,479,1002,1028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
;
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E77FFF0FE05FC7E3F06FB9B" box="[492,566,1002,1028]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="86.0">86 km</quantity>
NE Nácori Chico (Sonora), Rancho Arroyo El Cocono,
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E77FFF0FB38FC7E381BFB9B" box="[1233,1323,1002,1028]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.66" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="1660.0">1660 m</quantity>
elevation,
<date id="FFC84CE25E77FFF0FE6AFB863F23FBB3" box="[387,531,1042,1068]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" value="1982-08-07">7 VIII 1982</date>
, ex fungi trap, S. McCleve, G. E. &amp; K. E. Ball,
<specimenCount id="9D70A1AB5E77FFF0FBB8FB86398BFBB3" box="[1105,1211,1042,1068]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
; between Yepáchic &amp; Temosáchic, large canyon bottom,
<date id="FFC84CE25E77FFF0FCA8FBAE3ED1FBCB" box="[833,993,1082,1108]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" value="1984-08-31">31 VIII 1984</date>
, UV, D. Mullins,
<specimenCount id="9D70A1AB5E77FFF0FB52FBAE3818FBCB" box="[1211,1320,1082,1108]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
.
<emphasis id="B902B6305E77FFF0FEE1FBF53C50FBE4" bold="true" box="[264,352,1121,1147]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="20">Sonora</emphasis>
: Highway
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E77FFF0FE0DFBF53F6CFBE4" box="[484,604,1121,1147]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.619" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" unit="km" value="16.19">16, 19 km</quantity>
W Yécora, Cañón del Aguajito,
<date id="FFC84CE25E77FFF0FC0DFBF53943FBE4" box="[996,1139,1121,1147]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" value="2005-08-05">5 VIII 2005</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE420CE55E77FFF0FB69FBF53816FBE4" box="[1152,1318,1121,1147]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="28.372778">28° 22' 22&quot; N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE420CE55E77FFF0FEE1FB1D3CF3FB3C" box="[264,451,1161,1187]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="-109.047775">109° 02' 52&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
, ex human dung trap, B.D. Streit &amp; R.D. Cunningham,
<specimenCount id="9D70A1AB5E77FFF0FB8BFB1D3986FB3C" box="[1122,1206,1161,1187]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
; Hwy 16, 1.8 mi W Yécora,
<date id="FFC84CE25E77FFF0FE09FB253F5DFB54" box="[480,621,1201,1227]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" value="2005-08-04">4 VIII 2005</date>
, ex human dung trap, B. Steit &amp; R.D. Cunningham,
<specimenCount id="9D70A1AB5E77FFF0FB3DFB253817FB54" box="[1236,1319,1201,1227]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
; Hwy 161.8 road miles NW Yécora,
<geoCoordinate id="EE420CE55E77FFF0FD5DFB4D3E69FB6C" box="[692,857,1241,1267]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="28.359446">28° 21' 34&quot; N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE420CE55E77FFF0FC8FFB4D392DFB6C" box="[870,1053,1241,1267]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="-108.95166">108° 57' 06&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E77FFF0FBC3FB4D39A8FB6C" box="[1066,1176,1241,1267]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6270224" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" unit="ft" value="5338.0">5338 feet</quantity>
elevation,
<date id="FFC84CE25E77FFF0FAF2FB4D3C4FFA85" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" value="2003-08-06">6 VIII 2003</date>
, B. D. Streit &amp; R. A. Cunningham, taken in pitfall trap baited with human dung,
<specimenCount id="9D70A1AB5E77FFF0FEE1FABC3C6DFADD" box="[264,349,1320,1346]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
; Highway 16, 1.3 road miles E Yécora,
<geoCoordinate id="EE420CE55E77FFF0FCAAFABC3ED2FADD" box="[835,994,1320,1346]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="28.374166">28° 22' 27&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE420CE55E77FFF0FC18FABC399CFADD" box="[1009,1196,1320,1346]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="-108.9075">108° 54' 27&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E77FFF0FB53FABC381AFADD" box="[1210,1322,1320,1346]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5706344" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" unit="ft" value="5153.0">5153 feet</quantity>
elevation,
<date id="FFC84CE25E77FFF0FE6AFAC43F21FAF5" box="[387,529,1360,1386]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" value="2003-08-05">5 VIII 2003</date>
, B. D. Streit &amp; R. A. Cunningham, taken in pitfall trap baited with human dung,
<specimenCount id="9D70A1AB5E77FFF0FE40FAE33F22FA0E" box="[425,530,1399,1425]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
; Highway 16, 5.0 road miles E Yécora,
<geoCoordinate id="EE420CE55E77FFF0FC00FAE339BCFA0E" box="[1001,1164,1399,1425]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="28.389723">28° 23' 23&quot; N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE420CE55E77FFF0FB71FAE33C14FA26" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="-108.87361">108° 52' 25&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E77FFF0FEC6FA0B3CADFA26" box="[303,413,1439,1465]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7212056" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" unit="ft" value="5647.0">5647 feet</quantity>
elevation,
<date id="FFC84CE25E77FFF0FDF7FA0B3F9AFA26" box="[542,682,1439,1465]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" value="2003-08-06">6 VIII 2003</date>
, B. D. Streit &amp; R. A. Cunningham, taken in pitfall trap baited with human dung,
<specimenCount id="9D70A1AB5E77FFF0FDA7FA533F8DFA7E" box="[590,701,1479,1505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
; Highway
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E77FFF0FCA3FA533EC1FA7E" box="[842,1009,1479,1505]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.03800872" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" unit="ft" value="16.5289">16, 5289 feet</quantity>
elevation, 1.65 miles W Yécora, 7–10
<date id="FFC84CE25E77FFF0FE42FA7B3F5FF996" box="[427,623,1519,1545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" value="2004-08-28">
August 2004,
<geoCoordinate id="EE420CE55E77FFF0FDB9FA7B3F5FF996" box="[592,623,1519,1545]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="28.36028">28</geoCoordinate>
</date>
° 21' 37&quot; N,
<geoCoordinate id="EE420CE55E77FFF0FD17FA7B3E83F996" box="[766,947,1519,1545]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="-109.94972">109° 56' 59&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
, R. Cunningham &amp; B. Streit lgt, taken in human dung trap,
<specimenCount id="9D70A1AB5E77FFF0FDABF9823FAFF9AF" box="[578,671,1558,1584]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
; Highway
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E77FFF0FCF7F9823E87F9AF" box="[798,951,1558,1584]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0453544" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" unit="ft" value="16.553">16, 5530 feet</quantity>
elevation, 5.0 miles W Yécora, 7–10
<date id="FFC84CE25E77FFF0FEA0F9AA3F3DF9C7" box="[329,525,1598,1624]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" value="2004-08-22">
August 2004,
<geoCoordinate id="EE420CE55E77FFF0FE07F9AA3F3DF9C7" box="[494,525,1598,1624]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="22.365">22</geoCoordinate>
</date>
° 21' 54&quot; N,
<geoCoordinate id="EE420CE55E77FFF0FD74F9AA3E63F9C7" box="[669,851,1598,1624]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="-108.99166">108° 59' 30&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
, R. Cunningham &amp; B. Streit lg, taken in human dung trap,
<specimenCount id="9D70A1AB5E77FFF0FE0EF9F23F0DF91F" box="[487,573,1638,1664]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
; Highway
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E77FFF0FD2BF9F23E53F91F" box="[706,867,1638,1664]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.04096528" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" unit="ft" value="16.5386">16, 5386 feet</quantity>
elevation, 1.9 miles W Yécora, 7–10
<date id="FFC84CE25E77FFF0FEE1F91A3CE4F937" box="[264,468,1678,1704]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" value="2004-08-28">
August 2004,
<geoCoordinate id="EE420CE55E77FFF0FE5CF91A3CE4F937" box="[437,468,1678,1704]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="28.358055">28</geoCoordinate>
</date>
° 21' 29&quot; N,
<geoCoordinate id="EE420CE55E77FFF0FD9CF91A3E1BF937" box="[629,811,1678,1704]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="-108.95333">108° 57' 12&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, R. Cunningham &amp; B. Streit lgt, taken in human dung trap,
<specimenCount id="9D70A1AB5E77FFF0FE07F9213F61F950" box="[494,593,1717,1743]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
; Highway
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E77FFF0FD32F9213EB0F950" box="[731,896,1717,1743]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.03928888" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" unit="ft" value="16.5331">16, 5331 feet</quantity>
elevation, 1.8 miles W Yécora, 6
<date id="FFC84CE25E77FFF0FEE1F9493CE5F968" box="[264,469,1757,1783]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" value="2003-08-28">
August 2003,
<geoCoordinate id="EE420CE55E77FFF0FE5FF9493CE5F968" box="[438,469,1757,1783]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="28.359446">28</geoCoordinate>
</date>
° 21' 34&quot;N,
<geoCoordinate id="EE420CE55E77FFF0FD82F9493E1FF968" box="[619,815,1757,1783]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="-108.95333">108° 57' 12&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
, R. Cunningham &amp; B. Streit lg, taken in human dung trap,
<specimenCount id="9D70A1AB5E77FFF0FE37F8913F78F880" box="[478,584,1797,1823]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
; Highway
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E77FFF0FD21F8913E53F880" box="[712,867,1797,1823]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.09104392" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" unit="ft" value="16.7029">16, 7029 feet</quantity>
elevation, 9.1 miles E + 1.8 miles SW Yécora, 8
<date id="FFC84CE25E77FFF0FE6CF8B83F7DF8D9" box="[389,589,1836,1862]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" value="2004-08-28">
August 2004,
<geoCoordinate id="EE420CE55E77FFF0FDC7F8B83F7DF8D9" box="[558,589,1836,1862]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="28.370277">28</geoCoordinate>
</date>
° 22' 13&quot; N,
<geoCoordinate id="EE420CE55E77FFF0FD0AF8B83EAEF8D9" box="[739,926,1836,1862]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" precision="15" value="-109.031395">109° 01' 53&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
, R. Cunningham &amp; B. Streit, lgt, Near Radio Tower, BL + MV,
<specimenCount id="9D70A1AB5E77FFF0FD85F8C03F8FF8F1" box="[620,703,1876,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="20" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF093AAA5E70FFF7FEE1F9373E1EF925" box="[264,814,1699,1723]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170531/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[366,1223,291,1668]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BC96A225E70FFF7FEE1F9373E1EF925" blockId="4.[264,814,1699,1723]" box="[264,814,1699,1723]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E70FFF7FEE1F9373CBAF924" bold="true" box="[264,394,1699,1723]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Dorsal view of a male
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E70FFF7FD6AF9373E17F925" box="[643,807,1699,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E70FFF7FD6AF9373E17F925" box="[643,807,1699,1722]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Copris warneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36C39A95E70FFF5FED1F8813CC7FE49" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC96A225E70FFF6FED1F8813814FE1A" blockId="4.[264,1323,1813,1880]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1322,284,390]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E70FFF7FED1F8813C81F8B0" bold="true" box="[312,433,1813,1839]" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">Remarks.</emphasis>
This species belongs to the
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E70FFF7FCA9F8823EC0F8B0" box="[832,1008,1814,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E70FFF7FCA9F8823E63F8B0" box="[832,851,1814,1839]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B902B6305E70FFF7FC82F8823EC0F8B0" box="[875,1008,1814,1839]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">arizonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, as defined by
<bibRefCitation id="EFE717D35E70FFF7FEE1F8AA3CE3F8C7" author="Matthews" box="[264,467,1854,1880]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" refString="Matthews, E. G. (1961) A revision of the genus Copris Muller of the WesternHemispher (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Entomologica Americana (New Series), 41, 1 - 137." type="journal article" year="1961">Matthews (1961)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFE717D35E70FFF7FDE7F8AA3E45F8C7" author="Matthews" box="[526,885,1854,1880]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" refString="Matthews, E. G. &amp; Halffter, G. (1968) New data on American Copris with discussion of a fossil species (Coleopt., Scarab.). Ciencia Mexico, 26, 147 - 162." type="journal article" year="1968">Matthews and Halffter (1968)</bibRefCitation>
. Males of
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E70FFF7FC15F8AA394CF8C8" box="[1020,1148,1854,1879]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E70FFF7FC15F8AA394CF8C8" box="[1020,1148,1854,1879]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="21">C. warneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
run to couplet
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E71FFF6FEE1FE883C76FEA9" box="[264,326,284,310]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.302" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" unit="in" value="13.0">13 in</quantity>
Matthews' 1961 first key, and fit the characters given there for
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E71FFF6FBA5FE8839C6FEAA" box="[1100,1270,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E71FFF6FBA5FE8839C6FEAA" box="[1100,1270,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">C. arizonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In Matthews' second key males and females run to couplet 17 and fit the characters given there for
<emphasis id="B902B6305E71FFF6FE9AFEF83F12FE1A" box="[371,546,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E71FFF6FE9AFEF83F2EFE1A" box="[371,542,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">C. arizonensis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Indeed,
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E71FFF6FD66FEF83E3EFE1A" box="[655,782,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E71FFF6FD66FEF83E3EFE1A" box="[655,782,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">C. warneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
seems to be closely related to
<emphasis id="B902B6305E71FFF6FB9DFEF83814FE1A" box="[1140,1316,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E71FFF6FB9DFEF8382FFE1A" box="[1140,1311,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">C. arizonensis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF093AAA5E71FFF6FEE1F8BC3E6FF8A0" box="[264,863,1832,1856]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170532/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" targetBox="[378,1223,488,1791]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BC96A225E71FFF6FEE1F8BC3E6FF8A0" blockId="5.[264,863,1832,1856]" box="[264,863,1832,1856]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E71FFF6FEE1F8BC3CBAF8DF" bold="true" box="[264,394,1832,1856]" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Dorsal view of a female of
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E71FFF6FD5CF8BD3E69F8DF" box="[693,857,1833,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E71FFF6FD5CF8BD3E69F8DF" box="[693,857,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="22">Copris warneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC96A225E72FFF5FED1FE883CC7FE49" blockId="6.[264,1323,284,470]" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">
We have seen
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E72FFF5FE0AFE883F03FEAA" box="[483,563,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E72FFF5FE0AFE883F03FEAA" box="[483,563,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Copris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens from a
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E72FFF5FCFCFE883E4FFEAA" box="[789,895,284,309]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Neotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E72FFF5FCFCFE883E4FFEAA" box="[789,895,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Neotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nest from a locality near the city of Durango that are deposited at the Canadian Museum of Nature. These specimens seem to represent a new species that is similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E72FFF5FCF3FEF83EAFFE1A" box="[794,927,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E72FFF5FCF3FEF83E1DFE1A" box="[794,813,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B902B6305E72FFF5FCABFEF83EAFFE1A" box="[834,927,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">warneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Unfortunately, only one male specimen is known (a minor male) and more are needed to determine how this population should be classified.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF093AAA5E72FFF5FEE1FA993F68FAD8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170533/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" targetBox="[498,1085,527,1273]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BC96A225E72FFF5FEE1FA993F68FAD8" blockId="6.[264,1323,1293,1351]" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E72FFF5FEE1FA993CBBFABA" bold="true" box="[264,395,1293,1317]" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Dorsal view of a male
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E72FFF5FD67FA9A3E04FABA" box="[654,820,1294,1317]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E72FFF5FD67FA9A3E04FABA" box="[654,820,1294,1317]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Copris warneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
head (top) and the lateral view of the anterior part of a male elytron (bottom).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36C39A95E72FFF4FED1FAEE3CE4FB82" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC96A225E72FFF4FED1FAEE3C58FE61" blockId="6.[264,1325,1402,1869]" lastBlockId="7.[264,1323,284,510]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E72FFF5FED1FAEE3CE8FA0B" bold="true" box="[312,472,1402,1428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Distribution.</emphasis>
All specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E72FFF5FD31FAEF3E6EFA0B" box="[728,862,1403,1428]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E72FFF5FD31FAEF3E6EFA0B" box="[728,862,1403,1428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">C. warneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are from the northern Sierra Madre Occidental (
<figureCitation id="134D76A75E72FFF5FE71FA373CD0FA22" box="[408,480,1443,1469]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[264,368,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[309,1295,1124,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[253,1333,1124,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distribution of Copris cited in the work in southern USA and northern Mexico. Green squares = Copris warneri, red triangles = Copris arizonensis, yellow circles = Copris martinezi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170534/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). The
<typeStatus id="54CDD4805E72FFF5FDDFFA373FACFA22" box="[566,668,1443,1469]" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was collected in Sonora, in the eastcentral part of that state near the Chihuahuan border. The Chihuahua specimens are concentrated near the Sonora border, with the allotype and one other female being taken barely inside Chihuahua in the southwest part of that state.
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E72FFF5FD74F98F3E61F9AB" box="[669,849,1563,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E72FFF5FD74F98F3E61F9AB" box="[669,849,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Copris warneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been recorded as sympatric with either
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E72FFF5FEBDF9D73CCCF9C3" box="[340,508,1603,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E72FFF5FEBDF9D73CCCF9C3" box="[340,508,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">C. arizonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="134D76A75E72FFF5FDE7F9D73F66F9C2" box="[526,598,1603,1629]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[264,368,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[309,1295,1124,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[253,1333,1124,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distribution of Copris cited in the work in southern USA and northern Mexico. Green squares = Copris warneri, red triangles = Copris arizonensis, yellow circles = Copris martinezi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170534/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) or
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E72FFF5FD60F9D73E2CF9C3" box="[649,796,1603,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martinezi">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E72FFF5FD60F9D73E2CF9C3" box="[649,796,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">C. martinezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="134D76A75E72FFF5FCC4F9D73E45F9C2" box="[813,885,1603,1629]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[264,368,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[309,1295,1124,1827]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[253,1333,1124,1835]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distribution of Copris cited in the work in southern USA and northern Mexico. Green squares = Copris warneri, red triangles = Copris arizonensis, yellow circles = Copris martinezi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170534/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), two species that are chorologically nearest to the new one. The known range of
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E72FFF5FCDDF9FF3E86F91B" box="[820,950,1643,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E72FFF5FCDDF9FF3E86F91B" box="[820,950,1643,1668]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">C. warneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs to the southwest of the known range of
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E72FFF5FE23F9073F42F933" box="[458,626,1683,1708]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E72FFF5FE23F9073F42F933" box="[458,626,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">C. arizonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which has a wider distribution from southeastern Arizona and adjacent New
<collectingCountry id="F3612AB25E72FFF5FE0FF92F3F70F94A" box="[486,576,1723,1749]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">Mexico</collectingCountry>
on the northwest to Guadalajara, Jalisco on the southwest and from west Texas on the northeast to near Durango, Durango on the southeast.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE717D35E72FFF5FB50F9773C66F8BA" author="Matthews" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" refString="Matthews, E. G. (1961) A revision of the genus Copris Muller of the WesternHemispher (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae). Entomologica Americana (New Series), 41, 1 - 137." type="journal article" year="1961">Matthews (1961)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFE717D35E72FFF5FE7CF89F3FCDF8BA" author="Matthews" box="[405,765,1803,1829]" pageId="6" pageNumber="27" refString="Matthews, E. G. &amp; Halffter, G. (1968) New data on American Copris with discussion of a fossil species (Coleopt., Scarab.). Ciencia Mexico, 26, 147 - 162." type="journal article" year="1968">Matthews and Halffter (1968)</bibRefCitation>
list no Sonoran specimens for
<emphasis id="B902B6305E72FFF5FB90F89F381BF8BB" box="[1145,1323,1803,1828]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E72FFF5FB90F89F3817F8BB" box="[1145,1319,1803,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">C. arizonensis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
nor do we below. There would seem to be a large area of Sonora below the range of
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E73FFF4FEE1FE883C55FEAA" box="[264,357,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E73FFF4FEE1FE883C55FEAA" box="[264,357,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">warneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that apparently lacks any species of large
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E73FFF4FC6FFE883EE6FEAA" box="[902,982,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E73FFF4FC6FFE883EE6FEAA" box="[902,982,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Copris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Also,
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E73FFF4FBACFE8839FAFEAA" box="[1093,1226,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E73FFF4FBACFE8839FAFEAA" box="[1093,1226,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">C. warneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E73FFF4FAF9FE883C46FEC2" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martinezi">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E73FFF4FAF9FE883C46FEC2" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">C. martinezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have separate known ranges, with
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E73FFF4FCC0FED03E8DFEC2" box="[809,957,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martinezi">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E73FFF4FCC0FED03E8DFEC2" box="[809,957,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">C. martinezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurring east of
<emphasis id="B902B6305E73FFF4FB49FED03CE0FE1A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E73FFF4FB49FED03818FEC2" box="[1184,1320,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">C. warneri</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E73FFF4FEE1FEF83CE0FE1A" box="[264,464,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martinezi">Copris martinezi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
occurs at or above
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E73FFF4FD28FEF83E2CFE19" box="[705,796,364,390]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500 m</quantity>
in elevation, which is higher than either
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E73FFF4FAF9FEF83CBDFE32" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E73FFF4FAF9FEF83CBDFE32" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">C. arizonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E73FFF4FE55FE003E84FE31" authority="Matthews and Halffter 1968" authorityName="Matthews and Halffter" authorityYear="1968" box="[444,948,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E73FFF4FE55FE003F0FFE32" box="[444,575,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">C. warneri</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE717D35E73FFF4FDBBFE003E9CFE31" author="Matthews" box="[594,940,404,430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="27" refString="Matthews, E. G. &amp; Halffter, G. (1968) New data on American Copris with discussion of a fossil species (Coleopt., Scarab.). Ciencia Mexico, 26, 147 - 162." type="journal article" year="1968">Matthews and Halffter 1968</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The elevational range for
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E73FFF4FAF9FE003C55FE4A" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E73FFF4FAF9FE003C55FE4A" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">C. warneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is from
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E73FFF4FE2FFE283F2EFE49" box="[454,542,444,470]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
to
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E73FFF4FDABFE283FADFE49" box="[578,669,444,470]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.142" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="2142.0">2142 m</quantity>
, while
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E73FFF4FD06FE283EA7FE4A" box="[751,919,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E73FFF4FD06FE283EA7FE4A" box="[751,919,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">C. arizonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded from
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E73FFF4FB5CFE28383EFE49" box="[1205,1294,444,470]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
to
<quantity id="4C8EC7C75E73FFF4FEE1FE703C54FE61" box="[264,356,484,510]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.234" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="2234.0">2234 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC96A225E73FFF4FEE1FC773CE4FB82" blockId="7.[264,1323,995,1053]" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E73FFF4FEE1FC773C45FC64" bold="true" box="[264,373,995,1019]" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Lateral views of the head and pronotum of
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E73FFF4FC65FC773907FC65" box="[908,1079,995,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E73FFF4FC65FC773907FC65" box="[908,1079,995,1018]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Copris warneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(left) and of
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E73FFF4FB0BFC773CB1FB82" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E73FFF4FB0BFC773CB1FB82" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Copris arizonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(right).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF093AAA5E73FFF4FEE1F8A03838F8F1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170534/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[309,1295,1124,1827]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BC96A225E73FFF4FEE1F8A03838F8F1" blockId="7.[264,1323,1844,1902]" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E73FFF4FEE1F8A03CBAF8D3" bold="true" box="[264,394,1844,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E73FFF4FDDFF8A03F4FF8D4" box="[566,639,1844,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E73FFF4FDDFF8A03F4FF8D4" box="[566,639,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Copris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cited in the work in southern USA and northern Mexico. Green squares =
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E73FFF4FE9DF8C33F28F8F1" box="[372,536,1879,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E73FFF4FE9DF8C33F28F8F1" box="[372,536,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Copris warneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, red triangles =
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E73FFF4FD2FF8C33EBFF8F1" box="[710,911,1879,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E73FFF4FD2FF8C33EBFF8F1" box="[710,911,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Copris arizonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, yellow circles =
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E73FFF4FBA4F8C33831F8F1" box="[1101,1281,1879,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martinezi">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E73FFF4FBA4F8C33831F8F1" box="[1101,1281,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="24">Copris martinezi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C36C39A95E7CFFFBFED1FE8F3932FD01" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC96A225E7CFFFBFED1FE8F3932FD01" blockId="8.[264,1323,283,830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E7CFFFBFED1FE8F3C91FEAA" bold="true" box="[312,417,283,309]" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Ecology.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE717D35E7CFFFBFE42FE883F68FEA9" author="Warner" box="[427,600,284,310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="28" refString="Warner, W. B. (1990) Two new North American Copris Muller, with notes on other species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 66, 232 - 240." type="journal article" year="1990">Warner (1990)</bibRefCitation>
reported that
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E7CFFFBFCEDFE883E9FFEAA" box="[772,943,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E7CFFFBFCEDFE883E9FFEAA" box="[772,943,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">C. arizonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the species most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E7CFFFBFAF9FE883C55FEC2" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E7CFFFBFAF9FE883813FEAA" box="[1296,1315,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B902B6305E7CFFFBFEE1FED03C55FEC2" box="[264,357,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">warneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) inhabits packrat (
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E7CFFFBFDA1FED03F82FEC2" box="[584,690,324,349]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Neotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E7CFFFBFDA1FED03F82FEC2" box="[584,690,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Neotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) nests and has not been reported from dung traps. E leven specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E7CFFFBFE11FEF83F4AFE1A" box="[504,634,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E7CFFFBFE11FEF83F4AFE1A" box="[504,634,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">C. warneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were taken in low numbers (often singly) at pitfall dung traps baited with human dung. An additional seven
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E7CFFFBFC89FE003EEEFE32" box="[864,990,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E7CFFFBFC89FE003EEEFE32" box="[864,990,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">C. warneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens were collected at ultraviolet (UV) or mercury vapor (MV) lights. However, usually only one specimen of
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E7CFFFBFAF9FE283C55FE62" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E7CFFFBFAF9FE283C55FE62" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">C. warneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected at each locality using lights, while multiple (up to
<specimenCount id="9D70A1AB5E7CFFFBFB88FE703831FE61" box="[1121,1281,484,510]" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" type="generic">11 specimens</specimenCount>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E7CFFFBFAF9FE703CBDFDBA" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arizonensis">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E7CFFFBFAF9FE703CBDFDBA" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">C. arizonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens have been collected in at light on several occasions. One female
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E7CFFFBFAF9FD983C55FDD2" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E7CFFFBFAF9FD983C55FDD2" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">C. warneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was taken in a pitfall trap baited with a fresh piece of a local mushroom set the day before, but there was no evident feeding damage to the mushroom. All nineteen
<taxonomicName id="4C7611A15E7CFFFBFAF9FDC83C55FD02" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Copris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="warneri">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E7CFFFBFAF9FDC83C55FD02" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">C. warneri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens were collected in oak or oakpine woodlands.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C36C39A95E7CFFFBFED1FD3839BDFCA1" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BC96A225E7CFFFBFED1FD3839BDFCA1" blockId="8.[264,1323,283,830]" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B902B6305E7CFFFBFED1FD383CF4FD59" bold="true" box="[312,452,684,710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="25">Etymology.</emphasis>
This species is a patronym for our esteemed colleague, William B. Warner, of Chandler, AZ in recognition of: 1) his many contributions to the advancement of our science; 2) his relentless pursuit of scarab beetles, including particularly rare and secretive species; and 3) his goodnatured generosity towards his colleagues.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>