504 lines
70 KiB
XML
504 lines
70 KiB
XML
<document id="02408CE76B014B06A08838847FDED776" ID-CLB-Dataset="21546" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4809.2.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e06c542-08b9-4f44-81b5-a36a6c0561fe" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3934243" ID-ZooBank="A8FECC8E-8BAC-4AF5-B695-C27A947A52AD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1594126326473" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lin, Yu-Chi, Braby, M. F. & Hsu, Yu-Feng" docDate="2020" docId="9C078A1B2503FFA440CEACBFFD45FE14" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4809.2.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4809 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Epsteinius translucidus Lin 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="0B383D64-C3A3-4769-99B4-34615B48CBF0" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="379" masterDocId="603EF2632501FFA14059A91BFFC5FF9F" masterDocTitle="A new genus and species of slug caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) from Taiwan" masterLastPageNumber="382" masterPageNumber="374" pageNumber="376" updateTime="1698843161627" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="927BE2D1B81ACB5F9C1AAE329105715A">
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<mods:title id="CF58903AC728C01F5623759F33AD36CF">A new genus and species of slug caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) from Taiwan</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6BB7E9FC90D31EE17B1CD454A6D8594C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="21B662735ED856A9B34B509800C83A9D">Lin, Yu-Chi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C3B5F17D5B49ADF9837072B0AF05F75B">Braby, M. F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F55420EDFBB63040B14B3694C7A0B6B5">Hsu, Yu-Feng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="ED855781EAF51CBDF2FC7AA7E33889E6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="718FC924BC292F0CDA3CD5E191BFAC2C">
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<mods:date id="006EAC1F45A287869A1FE35383EFA4D2">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FA7DBAA161D6041464FCD2AC57C7F926">2020-07-07</mods:number>
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<treatment id="9C078A1B2503FFA440CEACBFFD45FE14" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4324053" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164971403" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4324053" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0B383D64-C3A3-4769-99B4-34615B48CBF0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C078A1B2503FFA440CEACBFFD45FE14" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">
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<subSubSection id="5CB468862503FFA340CEACBFFD96FA21" box="[151,595,1444,1471]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="14113B0D2503FFA340CEACBFFD96FA21" blockId="2.[151,686,1444,1507]" box="[151,595,1444,1471]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">
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<heading id="4F598C612503FFA340CEACBFFD96FA21" bold="true" box="[151,595,1444,1471]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="26DAE71F2503FFA340CEACBFFD96FA21" bold="true" box="[151,595,1444,1471]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">
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<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2503FFA340CEACBFFE2CFA21" ID-CoL="9BDKD" authority="Lin" authorityName="Lin" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,489,1444,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Epsteinius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="translucidus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="26DAE71F2503FFA340CEACBFFE71FA20" bold="true" box="[151,436,1444,1471]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">Epsteinius translucidus</emphasis>
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Lin
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="3DE95A642503FFA341AFACBFFD96FA21" box="[502,595,1444,1470]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="5CB468862503FFA340CEACD3FD6BFA7C" box="[151,686,1479,1507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" type="description">
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<paragraph id="14113B0D2503FFA340CEACD3FD6BFA7C" blockId="2.[151,686,1444,1507]" box="[151,686,1479,1507]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">
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(
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<figureCitation id="8C9527882503FFA340C6ACD3FEE8FA7D" box="[159,301,1480,1506]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,853,878]" captionTargetBox="[163,1433,188,827]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[154,1434,181,827]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–12. Adults of Epsteinius translucidus and Microleon longipalpis: 1, 2, E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov. holotype male upper side and underside; 3, 4, E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov. paratype female upper side and underside; 5, 6, M. longipalpis male upper side and underside; 7, 8, M. longipalpis female upper side and underside; 9, 10, M. longipalpis holotype male upper side and label data (Yokohama, Japan) (NHM); 11, 12, male heads of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov. and M. longipalpis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934245" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934245/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">Figs 1–4, 11</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="8C9527882503FFA34160ACD3FE44FA7D" box="[313,385,1480,1506]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1067,1092]" captionTargetBox="[207,1429,181,1031]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[158,1429,181,1042]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 13–16. Male genitalia of Epsteinius translucidus and Microleon longipalpis: 13, 14, genitalia (ventral) and phallus (lateral) of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.; 15, 16, genitalia (ventral) and phallus (lateral) of M. longipalpis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934247" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934247/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">13, 14</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="8C9527882503FFA341D4ACD3FE6EFA7D" box="[397,427,1480,1506]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–18" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1902,1927]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,418,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[153,1434,417,1877]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 17–18. Female genitalia of Epsteinius translucidus and Microleon longipalpis: 17, E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.; 18, M. longipalpis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934249" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934249/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">17</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="8C9527882503FFA341EEACD3FE3AFA7D" box="[439,511,1480,1506]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–33" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1647,1672]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,182,1621]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,181,1622]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 19–33. Life history of Epsteinius translucidus and Microleon longipalpis: 19–23, M. longipalpis, showing dorsal and subdorsal views of early instar larva, dorsal view and subdorsal views of final instar larva, and cocoon without reverse neat and circular cut after adult emergence; 24–33, E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.; 24–25, early instar larva, showing dorsal and subdorsal views; 26–27, final instar larva with brown lateral patch, showing dorsal and subdorsal views; 28, cocoon, without reverse neat and circular cut after adult emergence; 29–30, adult female, showing lateral and ventral views; 31–32, final instar larva without brown lateral patch, showing dorsal and subdorsal views; 33, final instar larva on host plant, showing transparent edge of larval body from abaxial leaf surface under sunshine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934251" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934251/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">29, 30</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="8C9527882503FFA34252ACD3FD63FA7C" box="[523,678,1479,1507]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–46" captionStartId="7.[151,264,931,956]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,906]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[152,1436,181,906]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 34–46. Head, pupa, and female 5th tarsomere of Epsteinius translucidus and Microleon longipalpis: 34–35, head with right labial palpus and galeae of M. longipalpis; 36–37, head with right labial palpus and galeae of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.; 38–39, eclosed pupa and ruptured pupal eye of M. longipalpis (arrow denotes fracture line); 40–42, uneclosed pupa, uneclosed pupal eye, and eclosed ruptured pupal eye of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov. (arrow denotes fracture line); 43–44, female 5th tarsomere and sensilla of M.longipalpis; 45–46, female 5th tarsomere and sensilla of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934253/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">36, 37, 45, 46</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5CB468862503FFA340CEAF14FD72F8D5" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="26DAE71F2503FFA340CEAF14FE42F9B5" bold="true" box="[151,391,1551,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">Material Examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="A4C631502503FFA341D7AF0BFF37F9ED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2805036303" collectingDate="2015-07-21" collectingDateMax="2015-08-16" collectingDateMin="2015-07-21" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Y. C. Lin & J. Lin'" country="Taiwan" elevation="1100" location="Xitou" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" specimenCode="HSU 15" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Nantou" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="26DAE71F2503FFA341D7AF0BFE3EF9B5" bold="true" box="[398,507,1552,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">
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<typeStatus id="CB1585AF2503FFA341D7AF0BFE3EF9B5" box="[398,507,1552,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="8C9527882503FFA34253AF0BFDB5F9B5" box="[522,624,1552,1578]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,853,878]" captionTargetBox="[163,1433,188,827]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[154,1434,181,827]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–12. Adults of Epsteinius translucidus and Microleon longipalpis: 1, 2, E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov. holotype male upper side and underside; 3, 4, E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov. paratype female upper side and underside; 5, 6, M. longipalpis male upper side and underside; 7, 8, M. longipalpis female upper side and underside; 9, 10, M. longipalpis holotype male upper side and label data (Yokohama, Japan) (NHM); 11, 12, male heads of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov. and M. longipalpis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934245" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934245/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">Figs 1, 2</figureCitation>
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).
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<specimenCount id="02A8F0842503FFA342DCAF0AFD5FF9B4" box="[645,666,1553,1579]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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‘
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<collectingCountry id="6CB97B9D2503FFA342FCAF0BFCDEF9B5" box="[677,795,1552,1578]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="D66AF5EF2503FFA3437FAF0BFC59F9B5" box="[806,924,1552,1578]" country="Taiwan" name="Nantou" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">NANTOU</collectingRegion>
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Co.,
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<location id="11716DD62503FFA34380AF0BFBD9F9B5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9C078A1B2503FFA440CEACBFFD45FE14:11716DD62503FFA34380AF0BFBD9F9B5" box="[985,1052,1552,1578]" country="Taiwan" name="Xitou" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" stateProvince="Nantou">Xitou</location>
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,
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<elevation id="9F83DC3E2503FFA3447EAF0BFBB3F9B5" box="[1063,1142,1552,1578]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100m</elevation>
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,
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<date id="60101DCD2503FFA344D8AF14FAC9F9B5" box="[1153,1292,1551,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2015-07-21">
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<collectingDate id="7054E4252503FFA344D8AF14FAC9F9B5" box="[1153,1292,1551,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2015-07-21">21.VII.2015</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, reared from
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<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2503FFA340CEAF2FFE9BF9D1" box="[151,350,1588,1614]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" genus="Camellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
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<emphasis id="26DAE71F2503FFA340CEAF2FFE9BF9D1" box="[151,350,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">Camellia sinensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<specimenCode id="440893762503FFA34134AF2FFE0FF9D1" box="[365,458,1587,1614]" collectionCode="HSU" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h9vj-e322" name="Humboldt State University" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">HSU 15</specimenCode>
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G16M), pupated
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<date id="60101DCD2503FFA342D5AF28FCD2F9D1" box="[652,791,1587,1614]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2015-07-23">
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<collectingDate id="7054E4252503FFA342D5AF28FCD2F9D1" box="[652,791,1587,1614]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2015-07-23">23.VII.2015</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, emgd.
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<date id="60101DCD2503FFA34329AF28FBC0F9D1" box="[880,1029,1587,1614]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2015-08-16">
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<collectingDate id="7054E4252503FFA34329AF28FBC0F9D1" box="[880,1029,1587,1614]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2015-08-16">16.VIII.2015</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
|
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<collectorName id="B95B5EDB2503FFA34449AF2FFBAAF9D1" box="[1040,1135,1588,1614]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">Y.C. Lin</collectorName>
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and
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<collectionCode id="72BFA3C82503FFA344FEAF2EFB7BF9D0" box="[1191,1214,1589,1615]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">R</collectionCode>
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.
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||
<collectorName id="B95B5EDB2503FFA3449BAF2EFACDF9D1" box="[1218,1288,1588,1615]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">J. Lin’</collectorName>
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||
[white label, printed]
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</materialsCitation>
|
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, ‘
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A4C631502503FFA3415BAF43FC2DF9ED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2805036301" box="[258,1000,1623,1650]" collectionCode="NHM" country="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nantou" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="CB1585AF2503FFA3415BAF43FEAAF9ED" box="[258,367,1624,1650]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
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<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2503FFA3412FAF42FDB9F9ED" authorityName="Lin" authorityYear="2020" box="[374,636,1624,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Epsteinius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="translucidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2503FFA3412FAF42FDB9F9ED" box="[374,636,1624,1650]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">Epsteinius translucidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lin’ [red label, printed] (
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||
<collectionCode id="72BFA3C82503FFA343C0AF43FC24F9ED" box="[921,993,1624,1650]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14908" name="University of Nottingham" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" type="Herbarium">NHM</collectionCode>
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)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="14113B0D2503FFA3409EAF67FD72F8D5" blockId="2.[151,1437,1551,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">
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<emphasis id="26DAE71F2503FFA3409EAF67FE83F909" bold="true" box="[199,326,1660,1686]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">
|
||
<typeStatus id="CB1585AF2503FFA3409EAF67FE84F909" box="[199,321,1660,1686]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="02A8F0842503FFA34109AF67FEBBF908" box="[336,382,1660,1687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="02A8F0842503FFA341D6AF67FE78F908" box="[399,445,1660,1687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" type="female">6 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A4C631502503FFA34197AF67FEBBF925" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2805036302" collectingDate="2013-06-25" collectingDateMax="2013-07-19" collectingDateMin="2013-06-25" collectionCode="VI" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" specimenCode="HSU 13" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="02A8F0842503FFA34197AF67FE39F908" box="[462,508,1660,1687]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
labeled similarly to
|
||
<typeStatus id="CB1585AF2503FFA342A9AF67FC97F909" box="[752,850,1660,1686]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
but with date ‘
|
||
<date id="60101DCD2503FFA3445DAF60FB4AF909" box="[1028,1167,1659,1686]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2013-06-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="7054E4252503FFA3445DAF60FB4AF909" box="[1028,1167,1659,1686]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2013-06-25">
|
||
25.
|
||
<collectionCode id="72BFA3C82503FFA3447EAF60FB8FF909" box="[1063,1098,1659,1686]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
.2013
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
’, ‘(
|
||
<specimenCode id="440893762503FFA344E9AF67FAD6F909" box="[1200,1299,1659,1686]" collectionCode="HSU" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h9vj-e322" name="Humboldt State University" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">HSU 13</specimenCode>
|
||
F15M)’ and ‘emgd.
|
||
<date id="60101DCD2503FFA340B4AFBBFEBBF925" box="[237,382,1696,1722]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2013-07-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="7054E4252503FFA340B4AFBBFEBBF925" box="[237,382,1696,1722]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2013-07-19">19.VII.2013</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
’;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A4C631502503FFA341D7AFBBFEC7F941" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2805036304" collectingDate="2018-09-19" collectingDateMax="2018-10-05" collectingDateMin="2018-09-19" collectionCode="HSU" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" specimenCode="HSU 18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="02A8F0842503FFA341D7AFBBFE7CF924" box="[398,441,1696,1723]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
labeled similarly to
|
||
<typeStatus id="CB1585AF2503FFA342F9AFBBFCC7F925" box="[672,770,1696,1722]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
but with date ‘
|
||
<date id="60101DCD2503FFA343F0AFBBFBF6F925" box="[937,1075,1696,1722]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2018-09-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="7054E4252503FFA343F0AFBBFBF6F925" box="[937,1075,1696,1722]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2018-09-19">19.IX.2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
’, ‘(
|
||
<specimenCode id="440893762503FFA34408AFBBFB77F925" box="[1105,1202,1696,1722]" collectionCode="HSU" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h9vj-e322" name="Humboldt State University" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">HSU 18</specimenCode>
|
||
J30M)’ and ‘pupated
|
||
<date id="60101DCD2503FFA340CEAFD8FEC7F941" box="[151,258,1731,1758]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2018-10-05">
|
||
<collectingDate id="7054E4252503FFA340CEAFD8FEC7F941" box="[151,258,1731,1758]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2018-10-05">5.X.2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, emgd.
|
||
<date id="60101DCD2503FFA34104AFDFFE1FF941" box="[349,474,1732,1758]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2018-10-19">19.X.2018</date>
|
||
’;
|
||
<specimenCount id="02A8F0842503FFA341B4AFDFFDDDF940" box="[493,536,1732,1759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
labeled same as
|
||
<typeStatus id="CB1585AF2503FFA34284AFDFFC86F941" box="[733,835,1732,1758]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A4C631502503FFA34316AFDFFD28F89D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2805036305" collectingDate="2018-09-19" collectingDateMax="2018-09-30" collectingDateMin="2018-09-19" collectionCode="HSU" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" specimenCode="HSU 18" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="02A8F0842503FFA34316AFDFFCBEF940" box="[847,891,1732,1759]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" type="female">2 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
labeled similarly to
|
||
<typeStatus id="CB1585AF2503FFA3443EAFDFFB0CF941" box="[1127,1225,1732,1758]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
but with date ‘
|
||
<date id="60101DCD2503FFA3452FAFDFFF3EF89D" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2018-09-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="7054E4252503FFA3452FAFDFFF3EF89D" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2018-09-19">19. IX.2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
’, ‘(
|
||
<specimenCode id="440893762503FFA3414FAFF3FEB3F89D" box="[278,374,1768,1794]" collectionCode="HSU" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h9vj-e322" name="Humboldt State University" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">HSU 18</specimenCode>
|
||
J30M)’, and ‘pupated
|
||
<date id="60101DCD2503FFA34233AFF3FD28F89D" box="[618,749,1768,1794]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2018-09-30">
|
||
<collectingDate id="7054E4252503FFA34233AFF3FD28F89D" box="[618,749,1768,1794]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2018-09-30">30.IX.2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
, emgd.
|
||
<date id="60101DCD2503FFA34318AFF3FC7FF89D" box="[833,954,1768,1794]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2018-10-24">24.X.2018</date>
|
||
’ and ‘pupated
|
||
<date id="60101DCD2503FFA34403AFF3FB01F89D" box="[1114,1220,1768,1794]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2018-10-08">8.X.2018</date>
|
||
, emgd.
|
||
<date id="60101DCD2503FFA34543AFF3FA57F89D" box="[1306,1426,1768,1794]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2018-11-03">3.XI.2018</date>
|
||
’;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A4C631502503FFA340CEAE17FAF8F8B9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2805036306" box="[151,1341,1804,1831]" collectingDate="2019-06-18" collectingDateMax="2019-07-20" collectingDateMin="2019-06-18" collectionCode="VI" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" specimenCode="HSU 19" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="02A8F0842503FFA340CEAE17FF07F8B8" box="[151,194,1804,1831]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
labeled similarly to
|
||
<typeStatus id="CB1585AF2503FFA341F2AE17FDC8F8B9" box="[427,525,1804,1830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
but with date ’
|
||
<date id="60101DCD2503FFA342EFAE17FC85F8B9" box="[694,832,1804,1830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2019-06-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="7054E4252503FFA342EFAE17FC85F8B9" box="[694,832,1804,1830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2019-06-18">
|
||
18.
|
||
<collectionCode id="72BFA3C82503FFA3428FAE17FD3CF8B9" box="[726,761,1804,1830]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
.2019
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
’, ‘(
|
||
<specimenCode id="440893762503FFA34307AE17FC05F8B9" box="[862,960,1804,1830]" collectionCode="HSU" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/h9vj-e322" name="Humboldt State University" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">HSU 19</specimenCode>
|
||
F41M)’, and ‘emgd.
|
||
<date id="60101DCD2503FFA344F4AE17FAF8F8B9" box="[1197,1341,1804,1830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2019-07-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="7054E4252503FFA344F4AE17FAF8F8B9" box="[1197,1341,1804,1830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2019-07-20">20.VII.2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
’, ‘emgd.
|
||
<date id="60101DCD2503FFA340CEAE2BFEE2F8D5" box="[151,295,1840,1866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2019-07-24">24.VII.2019</date>
|
||
’,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="A4C631502503FFA3416EAE2BFD76F8D5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2805036307" box="[311,691,1840,1866]" collectingDate="2019-08-06" collectionCode="NTNU" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
and ‘emgd.
|
||
<date id="60101DCD2503FFA341E5AE2BFD86F8D5" box="[444,579,1840,1866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2019-08-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="7054E4252503FFA341E5AE2BFD86F8D5" box="[444,579,1840,1866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" value="2019-08-06">6.VIII.2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
’ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="72BFA3C82503FFA3420EAE2BFD6EF8D5" box="[599,683,1840,1866]" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6zr8-87q6" name="National Taiwan Normal University" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">NTNU</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5CB468862503FFA5409EAE48FC72FAFB" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="2" pageNumber="376" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="14113B0D2503FFA2409EAE48FC68FB49" blockId="2.[151,1437,1551,2011]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,1031,2030]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="377" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2503FFA3409EAE48FE59F8F1" bold="true" box="[199,412,1875,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">Description. Male</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="8C9527882503FFA341F3AE4FFDF2F8F1" box="[426,567,1876,1902]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,853,878]" captionTargetBox="[163,1433,188,827]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[154,1434,181,827]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–12. Adults of Epsteinius translucidus and Microleon longipalpis: 1, 2, E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov. holotype male upper side and underside; 3, 4, E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov. paratype female upper side and underside; 5, 6, M. longipalpis male upper side and underside; 7, 8, M. longipalpis female upper side and underside; 9, 10, M. longipalpis holotype male upper side and label data (Yokohama, Japan) (NHM); 11, 12, male heads of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov. and M. longipalpis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934245" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934245/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">Figs 1, 2, 11</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="8C9527882503FFA3421BAE4FFD49F8F1" box="[578,652,1876,1902]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–46" captionStartId="7.[151,264,931,956]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,906]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[152,1436,181,906]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 34–46. Head, pupa, and female 5th tarsomere of Epsteinius translucidus and Microleon longipalpis: 34–35, head with right labial palpus and galeae of M. longipalpis; 36–37, head with right labial palpus and galeae of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.; 38–39, eclosed pupa and ruptured pupal eye of M. longipalpis (arrow denotes fracture line); 40–42, uneclosed pupa, uneclosed pupal eye, and eclosed ruptured pupal eye of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov. (arrow denotes fracture line); 43–44, female 5th tarsomere and sensilla of M.longipalpis; 45–46, female 5th tarsomere and sensilla of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934253/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">36, 37</figureCitation>
|
||
): Head: frons hairy, brown; eyes semi-oval, grey with black center; labial palpus porrect, with 2
|
||
<superScript id="E3DB96452503FFA341E1AE6CFE0DF81A" attach="left" box="[440,456,1911,1925]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">nd</superScript>
|
||
segment pointed upwards and 3
|
||
<superScript id="E3DB96452503FFA34374AE6CFCFEF81A" attach="left" box="[813,827,1911,1925]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="376">rd</superScript>
|
||
segment short, orange with brown patch; galeae small, partially covered by labial palpus; antenna filiform. Thorax: dark brown dorsally, pale-orange ventrally; legs orange with brown scaling, banded by brown on tarsi, hind leg tibia with four slender spurs, two in the middle and two at the end. Forewing:
|
||
<quantity id="D35696E82502FFA24129AD1CFE32FBBD" box="[368,503,1031,1058]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="5.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="377" unit="mm" value="5.4" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="5.3">5.3–5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (from base to apex 5.4 ±
|
||
<quantity id="D35696E82502FFA24315AD13FC61FBBD" box="[844,932,1032,1058]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="377" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n = 3); upperside orange-brown with irregular dark brown markings, becoming more pronounced towards base, with purple iridescent suffusion (more visible when alive), a broad dark brown submarginal band, scale fringe orange; underside ground color dark grey, broadly pale grey along dorsum, costa orange, a narrow black submarginal band, followed by a narrow orange terminal band, scale fringe orange with grey near tornus. Hindwing: upperside dark grey black, scale fringe grey; underside ground color pale yellow-grey, dorsum broadly grey, scale fringe grey.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="40D16B852502FFA240CEAA4EFAD2FC46" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934245" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3934245" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934245/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="377" startId="3.[151,264,853,878]" targetBox="[163,1433,188,827]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="14113B0D2502FFA240CEAA4EFAD2FC46" blockId="3.[151,1436,853,986]" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2502FFA240CEAA4EFE82FCF1" bold="true" box="[151,327,853,878]" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">FIGURES 1–12.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2502FFA241F6AA4DFD5EFCF2" authorityName="Lin" authorityYear="2020" box="[431,667,853,877]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Epsteinius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="translucidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2502FFA241F6AA4DFD5EFCF2" box="[431,667,853,877]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">Epsteinius translucidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2502FFA24292AA4EFC6EFCF2" authorityName=", Butler" authorityYear="1885" box="[715,939,853,877]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Microleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipalpis">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2502FFA24292AA4EFC6EFCF2" box="[715,939,853,877]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">Microleon longipalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 1, 2,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2502FFA243B0AA4DFB6BFCF1" authority="Lin" authorityName="Lin" authorityYear="2020" box="[1001,1198,853,878]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Epsteinius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="translucidus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2502FFA243B0AA4DFB47FCF2" box="[1001,1154,853,877]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">E. translucidus</emphasis>
|
||
Lin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2502FFA244EEAA4EFAC2FCF2" bold="true" box="[1207,1287,853,877]" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3DE95A642502FFA244EEAA4EFAC2FCF2" box="[1207,1287,853,877]" pageId="3" pageNumber="377" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
holotype male upper side and underside; 3, 4,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2502FFA24196AA61FD51FC0D" authority="Lin" authorityName="Lin" authorityYear="2020" box="[463,660,889,914]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Epsteinius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="translucidus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2502FFA24196AA61FDADFC0E" box="[463,616,889,913]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">E. translucidus</emphasis>
|
||
Lin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2502FFA242C4AA62FD28FC0E" bold="true" box="[669,749,889,913]" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3DE95A642502FFA242C4AA62FD28FC0E" box="[669,749,889,913]" pageId="3" pageNumber="377" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
paratype female upper side and underside; 5, 6,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2502FFA2448BAA61FAA0FC0E" authorityName=", Butler" authorityYear="1885" box="[1234,1381,889,913]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Microleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipalpis">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2502FFA2448BAA61FAA0FC0E" box="[1234,1381,889,913]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">M. longipalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
male upper side and underside; 7, 8,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2502FFA2418DAA85FDADFC2A" authorityName=", Butler" authorityYear="1885" box="[468,616,925,949]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Microleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipalpis">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2502FFA2418DAA85FDADFC2A" box="[468,616,925,949]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">M. longipalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
female upper side and underside; 9, 10,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2502FFA2445AAA85FB53FC2A" authorityName=", Butler" authorityYear="1885" box="[1027,1174,925,949]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Microleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipalpis">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2502FFA2445AAA85FB53FC2A" box="[1027,1174,925,949]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">M. longipalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype male upper side and label data (Yokohama, Japan) (NHM); 11, 12, male heads of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2502FFA24375AAD9FC37FC45" authority="Lin" authorityName="Lin" authorityYear="2020" box="[812,1010,961,986]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Epsteinius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="translucidus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2502FFA24375AAD9FC00FC46" box="[812,965,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">E. translucidus</emphasis>
|
||
Lin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2502FFA243A2AADAFB89FC46" bold="true" box="[1019,1100,961,985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3DE95A642502FFA243A2AADAFB89FC46" box="[1019,1100,961,985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="377" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2502FFA24427AAD9FAD4FC46" authorityName=", Butler" authorityYear="1885" box="[1150,1297,961,985]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Microleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="377" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipalpis">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2502FFA24427AAD9FAD4FC46" box="[1150,1297,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">M. longipalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="14113B0D2502FFA2409EADFBFA51FA81" blockId="3.[151,1437,1031,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2502FFA2409EADFBFEDBFB65" bold="true" box="[199,286,1248,1274]" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="8C9527882502FFA24174ADFBFE57FB65" box="[301,402,1248,1274]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–12" captionStartId="3.[151,264,853,878]" captionTargetBox="[163,1433,188,827]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[154,1434,181,827]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–12. Adults of Epsteinius translucidus and Microleon longipalpis: 1, 2, E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov. holotype male upper side and underside; 3, 4, E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov. paratype female upper side and underside; 5, 6, M. longipalpis male upper side and underside; 7, 8, M. longipalpis female upper side and underside; 9, 10, M. longipalpis holotype male upper side and label data (Yokohama, Japan) (NHM); 11, 12, male heads of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov. and M. longipalpis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934245" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934245/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">Figs 3, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="8C9527882502FFA241C6ADC4FE2FFB65" box="[415,490,1247,1274]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–46" captionStartId="7.[151,264,931,956]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,906]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[152,1436,181,906]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 34–46. Head, pupa, and female 5th tarsomere of Epsteinius translucidus and Microleon longipalpis: 34–35, head with right labial palpus and galeae of M. longipalpis; 36–37, head with right labial palpus and galeae of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.; 38–39, eclosed pupa and ruptured pupal eye of M. longipalpis (arrow denotes fracture line); 40–42, uneclosed pupa, uneclosed pupal eye, and eclosed ruptured pupal eye of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov. (arrow denotes fracture line); 43–44, female 5th tarsomere and sensilla of M.longipalpis; 45–46, female 5th tarsomere and sensilla of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934253/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">45, 46</figureCitation>
|
||
): similar to male, but larger, forewing
|
||
<quantity id="D35696E82502FFA243C0ADC4FBE5FB65" box="[921,1056,1247,1274]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.05" metricValueMax="6.6" metricValueMin="5.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="377" unit="mm" value="6.05" valueMax="6.6" valueMin="5.5">5.5–6.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (from base to apex 6.1 ±
|
||
<quantity id="D35696E82502FFA24520ADC4FF00FA81" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="377" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n = 5). The 5
|
||
<superScript id="E3DB96452502FFA2413BAC19FEAAFA8F" attach="left" box="[354,367,1282,1296]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">th</superScript>
|
||
tarsomere with a long triangular recessed pad (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8C9527882502FFA243D8AC1FFC16FA81" box="[897,979,1283,1310]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–46" captionStartId="7.[151,264,931,956]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,906]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[152,1436,181,906]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 34–46. Head, pupa, and female 5th tarsomere of Epsteinius translucidus and Microleon longipalpis: 34–35, head with right labial palpus and galeae of M. longipalpis; 36–37, head with right labial palpus and galeae of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.; 38–39, eclosed pupa and ruptured pupal eye of M. longipalpis (arrow denotes fracture line); 40–42, uneclosed pupa, uneclosed pupal eye, and eclosed ruptured pupal eye of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov. (arrow denotes fracture line); 43–44, female 5th tarsomere and sensilla of M.longipalpis; 45–46, female 5th tarsomere and sensilla of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934253/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
|
||
) bearing sensilla and spinules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8C9527882502FFA2456AAC1FFA42FA81" box="[1331,1415,1283,1310]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–46" captionStartId="7.[151,264,931,956]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,906]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[152,1436,181,906]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 34–46. Head, pupa, and female 5th tarsomere of Epsteinius translucidus and Microleon longipalpis: 34–35, head with right labial palpus and galeae of M. longipalpis; 36–37, head with right labial palpus and galeae of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.; 38–39, eclosed pupa and ruptured pupal eye of M. longipalpis (arrow denotes fracture line); 40–42, uneclosed pupa, uneclosed pupal eye, and eclosed ruptured pupal eye of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov. (arrow denotes fracture line); 43–44, female 5th tarsomere and sensilla of M.longipalpis; 45–46, female 5th tarsomere and sensilla of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934253/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="14113B0D2502FFA2409EAC33FE72F919" blockId="3.[151,1437,1031,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2502FFA2409EAC33FEB1FADD" bold="true" box="[199,372,1319,1346]" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="8C9527882502FFA241DCAC33FDC8FADD" box="[389,525,1320,1346]" captionStart="FIGURES 13–16" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1067,1092]" captionTargetBox="[207,1429,181,1031]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[158,1429,181,1042]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 13–16. Male genitalia of Epsteinius translucidus and Microleon longipalpis: 13, 14, genitalia (ventral) and phallus (lateral) of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.; 15, 16, genitalia (ventral) and phallus (lateral) of M. longipalpis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934247" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934247/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">Figs 13, 14</figureCitation>
|
||
): Uncus rather short, narrowly pointed, dorsally with few long hairs near base. Gnathos originating high on tegumen, weakly down-curved, fused before middle with short, blunt dorsal process from junction, long slender distal half with sharply down curved tip. Vinculum ventrally ill-defined, membranous. Valva distally narrowing and up-curved, inner surface densely hairy except near base; a long, distally up-curved, band-like process from inner dorsal margin of valva, and below a straight thorn-like process from base of valva; a sacculus-like process from ventral base of valva, consisting of a bulbous base terminating in a large curved gradually tapering horn-shaped spine reaching beyond dorsal margin of valva. Juxta weakly sclerotised. Phallus short, very wide and rounded at base and gradually narrowing to down-curved, strongly sclerotised ventral apex; vesica with two large cornuti, consisting of a more basal folded and apically curved sclerite and a more distal spine-like sclerite from a wide base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="14113B0D2502FFA2409EAF8BFE00F8C1" blockId="3.[151,1437,1031,2030]" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2502FFA2409EAF8BFE4EF935" bold="true" box="[199,395,1679,1706]" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="8C9527882502FFA241C3AF8BFE29F935" box="[410,492,1680,1706]" captionStart="FIGURES 17–18" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1902,1927]" captionTargetBox="[154,1434,418,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[153,1434,417,1877]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 17–18. Female genitalia of Epsteinius translucidus and Microleon longipalpis: 17, E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.; 18, M. longipalpis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934249" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934249/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
): Anal papillae flat, semicircular; posterior apophyses very long and slender, anterior apophyses very short and stout; lamella postvaginalis a deeply concave spinulose membrane, lamella antevaginalis with a long conspicuously spinulose knob centrally, flanked by a small plate on each side. Ductus bursae gradually widening from ostium, membranous, longitudinally plicate, narrowed before junction with corpus bursae. Corpus bursae ovate, small, half length of ductus bursae, with two large signa, each a convex plate with a row of flat complex teeth across its center.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="14113B0D2502FFA5409EAE73FC72FAFB" blockId="3.[151,1437,1031,2030]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,1174,2029]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2502FFA2409EAE73FE54F81D" bold="true" box="[199,401,1896,1922]" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">Immature stages</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="8C9527882502FFA241F8AE73FDE2F81D" box="[417,551,1896,1922]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–33" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1647,1672]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,182,1621]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,181,1622]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 19–33. Life history of Epsteinius translucidus and Microleon longipalpis: 19–23, M. longipalpis, showing dorsal and subdorsal views of early instar larva, dorsal view and subdorsal views of final instar larva, and cocoon without reverse neat and circular cut after adult emergence; 24–33, E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.; 24–25, early instar larva, showing dorsal and subdorsal views; 26–27, final instar larva with brown lateral patch, showing dorsal and subdorsal views; 28, cocoon, without reverse neat and circular cut after adult emergence; 29–30, adult female, showing lateral and ventral views; 31–32, final instar larva without brown lateral patch, showing dorsal and subdorsal views; 33, final instar larva on host plant, showing transparent edge of larval body from abaxial leaf surface under sunshine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934251" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934251/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">Figs 24–33</figureCitation>
|
||
): Final instar larva (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8C9527882502FFA24354AE73FC2DF81D" box="[781,1000,1895,1922]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–33" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1647,1672]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,182,1621]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,181,1622]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 19–33. Life history of Epsteinius translucidus and Microleon longipalpis: 19–23, M. longipalpis, showing dorsal and subdorsal views of early instar larva, dorsal view and subdorsal views of final instar larva, and cocoon without reverse neat and circular cut after adult emergence; 24–33, E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.; 24–25, early instar larva, showing dorsal and subdorsal views; 26–27, final instar larva with brown lateral patch, showing dorsal and subdorsal views; 28, cocoon, without reverse neat and circular cut after adult emergence; 29–30, adult female, showing lateral and ventral views; 31–32, final instar larva without brown lateral patch, showing dorsal and subdorsal views; 33, final instar larva on host plant, showing transparent edge of larval body from abaxial leaf surface under sunshine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934251" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934251/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="377">Figs 26, 27, 31, 32</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="D35696E82502FFA243A0AE7CFB47F81D" box="[1017,1154,1895,1922]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="377" unit="mm" value="7.15" valueMax="7.8" valueMin="6.5">6.5–7.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length (7.1 ±
|
||
<quantity id="D35696E82502FFA2451CAE7CFA58F81D" box="[1349,1437,1895,1922]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="377" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
without spine length, n = 7),
|
||
<quantity id="D35696E82502FFA24186AE97FDA2F839" box="[479,615,1932,1958]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="377" unit="mm" value="3.95" valueMax="4.7" valueMin="3.2">3.2–4.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width of A3 (3.9 ±
|
||
<quantity id="D35696E82502FFA2433CAE90FC79F839" box="[869,956,1931,1958]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="377" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
without spine length, n = 7). Head brown. Body slug-like with no spine on T1; one spine and one seta on a protuberance for each D1 and D2, one spine on a protuberance for SD of T2; two spines on a protuberance for D, one spine each on a protuberance for D2 and SD of T3; two spines on a protuberance for D, one spine on a protuberance for SD of A1–A8; one spine and two setae on a protuberance for D of A9; no spine on A10. Coloration of body semi-translucent whitish-green in early instars (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8C9527882505FFA540C6ADC5FEDAFB67" box="[159,287,1245,1272]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–33" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1647,1672]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,182,1621]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,181,1622]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 19–33. Life history of Epsteinius translucidus and Microleon longipalpis: 19–23, M. longipalpis, showing dorsal and subdorsal views of early instar larva, dorsal view and subdorsal views of final instar larva, and cocoon without reverse neat and circular cut after adult emergence; 24–33, E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.; 24–25, early instar larva, showing dorsal and subdorsal views; 26–27, final instar larva with brown lateral patch, showing dorsal and subdorsal views; 28, cocoon, without reverse neat and circular cut after adult emergence; 29–30, adult female, showing lateral and ventral views; 31–32, final instar larva without brown lateral patch, showing dorsal and subdorsal views; 33, final instar larva on host plant, showing transparent edge of larval body from abaxial leaf surface under sunshine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934251" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934251/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">Figs 24, 25</figureCitation>
|
||
), becoming semi-translucent green in final instar, some individuals with an indistinct brown patch laterally on A3–A4. Cocoon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8C9527882505FFA541E9AC19FDC4FA83" box="[432,513,1282,1308]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–33" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1647,1672]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,182,1621]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,181,1622]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 19–33. Life history of Epsteinius translucidus and Microleon longipalpis: 19–23, M. longipalpis, showing dorsal and subdorsal views of early instar larva, dorsal view and subdorsal views of final instar larva, and cocoon without reverse neat and circular cut after adult emergence; 24–33, E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.; 24–25, early instar larva, showing dorsal and subdorsal views; 26–27, final instar larva with brown lateral patch, showing dorsal and subdorsal views; 28, cocoon, without reverse neat and circular cut after adult emergence; 29–30, adult female, showing lateral and ventral views; 31–32, final instar larva without brown lateral patch, showing dorsal and subdorsal views; 33, final instar larva on host plant, showing transparent edge of larval body from abaxial leaf surface under sunshine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934251" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934251/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
) spheroid, 5.1–6.0 mm in long axis (5.3 ±
|
||
<quantity id="D35696E82505FFA54387AC1AFBF3FA82" box="[990,1078,1281,1309]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n = 5) and
|
||
<quantity id="D35696E82505FFA544E3AC19FA84FA82" box="[1210,1345,1282,1309]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="3.3">3.3–4.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in short axis (3.8 ±
|
||
<quantity id="D35696E82505FFA5414DAC3DFEAEFADE" box="[276,363,1318,1345]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n = 5), brown. Pupa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8C9527882505FFA5423BAC3DFD76FADF" box="[610,691,1318,1344]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–46" captionStartId="7.[151,264,931,956]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,906]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[152,1436,181,906]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 34–46. Head, pupa, and female 5th tarsomere of Epsteinius translucidus and Microleon longipalpis: 34–35, head with right labial palpus and galeae of M. longipalpis; 36–37, head with right labial palpus and galeae of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.; 38–39, eclosed pupa and ruptured pupal eye of M. longipalpis (arrow denotes fracture line); 40–42, uneclosed pupa, uneclosed pupal eye, and eclosed ruptured pupal eye of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov. (arrow denotes fracture line); 43–44, female 5th tarsomere and sensilla of M.longipalpis; 45–46, female 5th tarsomere and sensilla of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934253/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="D35696E82505FFA5429BAC3DFC8CFADE" box="[706,841,1318,1345]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" unit="mm" value="4.25" valueMax="4.6" valueMin="3.9">3.9–4.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length (4.3 ±
|
||
<quantity id="D35696E82505FFA54458AC3DFB9DFADE" box="[1025,1112,1318,1345]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n = 3),
|
||
<quantity id="D35696E82505FFA544EAAC3DFAFFFADE" box="[1203,1338,1318,1345]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" unit="mm" value="2.3" valueMax="2.4" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in width (2.3 ±
|
||
<quantity id="D35696E82505FFA540B8AC51FEFCFAFA" box="[225,313,1354,1381]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n = 3); pupal eyepiece with a fracture line (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8C9527882505FFA54371AC51FC6EFAFB" box="[808,939,1354,1380]" captionStart="FIGURES 34–46" captionStartId="7.[151,264,931,956]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,906]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[152,1436,181,906]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 34–46. Head, pupa, and female 5th tarsomere of Epsteinius translucidus and Microleon longipalpis: 34–35, head with right labial palpus and galeae of M. longipalpis; 36–37, head with right labial palpus and galeae of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.; 38–39, eclosed pupa and ruptured pupal eye of M. longipalpis (arrow denotes fracture line); 40–42, uneclosed pupa, uneclosed pupal eye, and eclosed ruptured pupal eye of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov. (arrow denotes fracture line); 43–44, female 5th tarsomere and sensilla of M.longipalpis; 45–46, female 5th tarsomere and sensilla of E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934253/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">Figs 41–42</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="40D16B852505FFA540CEAD30FB00FBF7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934247" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3934247" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934247/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" startId="4.[151,264,1067,1092]" targetBox="[207,1429,181,1031]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="14113B0D2505FFA540CEAD30FB00FBF7" blockId="4.[151,1436,1067,1128]" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2505FFA540CEAD30FE90FBDB" bold="true" box="[151,341,1067,1092]" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">FIGURES 13–16.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2505FFA54249AD37FD38FBDB" authorityName="Lin" authorityYear="2020" box="[528,765,1068,1092]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Epsteinius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="translucidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2505FFA54249AD37FD38FBDB" box="[528,765,1068,1092]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">Epsteinius translucidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2505FFA54369AD37FBD4FBDB" authorityName=", Butler" authorityYear="1885" box="[816,1041,1068,1092]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Microleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipalpis">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2505FFA54369AD37FBD4FBDB" box="[816,1041,1068,1092]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">Microleon longipalpis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 13, 14, genitalia (ventral) and phallus (lateral) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2505FFA54150AD4BFE0AFBF7" authority="Lin" authorityName="Lin" authorityYear="2020" box="[265,463,1103,1128]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Epsteinius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="translucidus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2505FFA54150AD4BFE67FBF7" box="[265,418,1104,1128]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">E. translucidus</emphasis>
|
||
Lin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2505FFA54180AD4BFDECFBF7" bold="true" box="[473,553,1104,1128]" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="3DE95A642505FFA54180AD4BFDECFBF7" box="[473,553,1104,1128]" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; 15, 16, genitalia (ventral) and phallus (lateral) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2505FFA54473AD4BFB04FBF7" authorityName=", Butler" authorityYear="1885" box="[1066,1217,1104,1128]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Microleon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longipalpis">M. longipalpis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5CB468862505FFA5409EAC75FB3FFA6A" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="14113B0D2505FFA5409EAC75FB3FFA6A" blockId="4.[151,1437,1174,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2505FFA5409EAC75FE8BFA17" bold="true" box="[199,334,1390,1416]" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2505FFA5426FAC75FD05FA17" authorityName="Lin" authorityYear="2020" box="[566,704,1390,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Epsteinius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="translucidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2505FFA5426FAC75FD05FA17" box="[566,704,1390,1416]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">translucidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is derived from the Latin word trans, which means through or across, and the Latin word lucidus, which means under light or full of light. The species group name refers to the semi-translucent coloration of the larva, and is a compound descriptive name comprising an adjective combination with the ending of the second name in masculine form to agree with the gender of the generic name.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5CB468862505FFA5409EACE6FE01F9A2" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="14113B0D2505FFA5409EACE6FE01F9A2" blockId="4.[151,1437,1174,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2505FFA5409EACE6FEA4F987" bold="true" box="[199,353,1533,1560]" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2505FFA54131ACE4FDAAF987" authorityName="Lin" authorityYear="2020" box="[360,623,1534,1560]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Epsteinius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="translucidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2505FFA54131ACE4FDAAF987" box="[360,623,1534,1560]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">Epsteinius translucidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently known only from montane areas of central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6CB97B9D2505FFA544BEACE5FAFCF987" box="[1255,1337,1534,1560]" name="Taiwan" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
at an altitude from
|
||
<quantity id="D35696E82505FFA54142AF39FE05F9A2" box="[283,448,1570,1597]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" unit="m" value="950.0" valueMax="1100.0" valueMin="800.0">800 to 1100 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5CB468862505FFA4409EAF5EFD45FE14" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="14113B0D2505FFA5409EAF5EFA5FF952" blockId="4.[151,1437,1174,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2505FFA5409EAF5EFEE2F9FF" bold="true" box="[199,295,1605,1632]" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae have been found on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2505FFA54235AF5DFCF8F9FF" box="[620,829,1606,1632]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" genus="Camellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2505FFA54235AF5DFCF8F9FF" box="[620,829,1606,1632]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">Camellia japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (HSU 13F16M and 13K14M) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2505FFA544B6AF5CFAAFF9FF" box="[1263,1386,1607,1633]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" genus="Camellia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2505FFA544B6AF5CFAAFF9FF" box="[1263,1386,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">C. sinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Kuntze (HSU 13F15M, 13K13M, 15G16M and 18J30M) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2505FFA54373AF71FC52F91A" box="[810,919,1642,1669]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Theaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Theaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in June, July, September and October. Of the nine larvae reared in captivity, the pupal stage varied from 14–30 days. These observations suggest there are at least two generations annually, with adults emerging in summer (July–August) and again in autumn (October–November).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="14113B0D2505FFA5409EAFCDFD5BF873" blockId="4.[151,1437,1174,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">
|
||
The larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2505FFA5410EAFCCFDC4F96F" authorityName="Lin" authorityYear="2020" box="[343,513,1750,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Epsteinius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="translucidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2505FFA5410EAFCCFDC4F96F" box="[343,513,1750,1776]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">E. translucidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is semi-translucent, and it usually rests on the abaxial leaf surface. Whilst feeding on the underside of a leaf, the edge of the body is almost transparent, making the larva exceedingly difficult to detect. The feeding behavior is also unusual: most limacodid larvae consume the entire leaf, eating the epidermis only in the early instars (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="703F46FC2505FFA5412EAE59FDFAF8C3" author="Cock, M. J. W. & Godfray, H. C. J. & Holloway, J. D." box="[375,575,1858,1885]" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" refId="ref4727" refString="Cock, M. J. W., Godfray, H. C. J. & Holloway, J. D. (1987) Slug and nettle caterpillars. The biology, taxonomy and control of the Limacodidae of economic importance on palms in South-east Asia. CAB International, Wallingford, 270 pp." type="book" year="1987">
|
||
Cock
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2505FFA541E2AE58FE31F8C3" box="[443,500,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); however,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2505FFA54298AE58FCAEF8C3" authorityName="Lin" authorityYear="2020" box="[705,875,1858,1884]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Epsteinius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="translucidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2505FFA54298AE58FCAEF8C3" box="[705,875,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">E. translucidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
retains the feeding pattern typical of early instars throughout its entire life and never eats the whole leaf. This unusual feeding pattern results in the leaf having a skeletonized appearance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8C9527882505FFA541D2AE91FE1AF83B" box="[395,479,1930,1956]" captionStart="FIGURES 19–33" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1647,1672]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,182,1621]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,181,1622]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 19–33. Life history of Epsteinius translucidus and Microleon longipalpis: 19–23, M. longipalpis, showing dorsal and subdorsal views of early instar larva, dorsal view and subdorsal views of final instar larva, and cocoon without reverse neat and circular cut after adult emergence; 24–33, E. translucidus Lin, sp. nov.; 24–25, early instar larva, showing dorsal and subdorsal views; 26–27, final instar larva with brown lateral patch, showing dorsal and subdorsal views; 28, cocoon, without reverse neat and circular cut after adult emergence; 29–30, adult female, showing lateral and ventral views; 31–32, final instar larva without brown lateral patch, showing dorsal and subdorsal views; 33, final instar larva on host plant, showing transparent edge of larval body from abaxial leaf surface under sunshine." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3934251" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3934251/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
). The final instar larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2505FFA5435CAE90FC6AF83B" authorityName="Lin" authorityYear="2020" box="[773,943,1930,1956]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Epsteinius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="378" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="translucidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2505FFA5435CAE90FC6AF83B" box="[773,943,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="378">E. translucidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
closely resembles the skeletonized leaf and thus presumably relies on crypsis to avoid predation, unlike many other nettle caterpillars that rely on aposematism and an array of conspicuous poisonous spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="14113B0D2504FFA4409EA982FD45FE14" blockId="5.[151,1436,153,395]" pageId="5" pageNumber="379">
|
||
Predation is an important selective pressure and some prey have evolved cryptic coloration to reduce the likelihood of being visually detected and eaten (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="703F46FC2504FFA442DDA9A6FCB4FF48" author="Webster, R. J. & Godin, J. - G. J. & Sherratt, T. N." box="[644,881,188,215]" pageId="5" pageNumber="379" pagination="197 - 202" refId="ref5368" refString="Webster, R. J., Godin, J. - G. J. & Sherratt, T. N. (2015) The role of body shape and edge characteristics on the concealment afforded by potentially disruptive marking. Animal Behaviour, 104, 197 - 202. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. anbehav. 2015.03.027" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Webster
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2504FFA442B3A9A5FCE1FF48" box="[746,804,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="379">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Transparency is a common strategy for aquatic organisms in mid-water environments to mimic the background and to decrease detectability by visual predators (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="703F46FC2504FFA440C6A81EFE85FE80" author="Kerfoot, W. C." box="[159,320,261,287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="379" pagination="538 - 554" refId="ref4875" refString="Kerfoot, W. C. (1982) A question of taste: crypsis and warning coloration in freshwater zooplankton communities. Ecology, 63 (2), 538 - 554. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1938969" type="journal article" year="1982">Kerfoot, 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="703F46FC2504FFA44115A81EFDC2FE80" author="Langsdale, J. R. M." box="[332,519,261,287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="379" pagination="225 - 232" refId="ref4919" refString="Langsdale, J. R. M. (1993) Developmental changes in the opacity of larval herring, Clupea harengus, and their implications for vulnerability to predation. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 73 (1), 225 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315400032756" type="journal article" year="1993">Langsdale, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="703F46FC2504FFA4424BA81EFD19FE80" author="Tsuda, A. & Saito, H. & Hirose, T." box="[530,732,261,287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="379" pagination="1944 - 1947" refId="ref5277" refString="Tsuda, A., Saito, H. & Hirose, T. (1998) Effect of gut content on the vulnerability of copepods to visual predation. Limnology and Oceanography, 43 (8), 1944 - 1947. https: // doi. org / 10.4319 / lo. 1998.43.8.1944" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Tsuda
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2504FFA44202A81DFD56FE80" box="[603,659,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="379">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, in terrestrial organisms, transparency is a relatively rare adaptation for avoiding predation. Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3AE408E2504FFA44297A831FCBCFEDC" authorityName="Lin" authorityYear="2020" box="[718,889,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Limacodidae" genus="Epsteinius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="379" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="translucidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="26DAE71F2504FFA44297A831FCBCFEDC" box="[718,889,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="379">E. translucidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appear semi-transparent and rest on the abaxial side of a leaf, and thus, represent an interesting case in which crypsis is based on transparency through its body color, resting behavior, and feeding pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |