treatments-xml/data/D7/53/46/D7534645D88D8035DB106B72D7B6B42E.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.39.8096" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9800ec40-dd98-4ed7-a1a9-d35cd4da2eec" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-39-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF9FFFF9FFFCCC21FFA38F29110AD768" ID-ZBK="F44C9C52572D44368D0BA6F47A0D2FE9" ID-Zenodo-Dep="575018" ID-ZooBank="F44C9C52572D44368D0BA6F47A0D2FE9" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1314-2607-39-1" ModsDocOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 39" ModsDocTitle="Studies on the Asian sawflies of Formosempria Takeuchi (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), with notes on the suitability of F.varipes Takeuchi as a biological control agent for skunk vine, Paederiafoetida L. (Rubiaceae) in Florida" checkinTime="1451252271559" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, David R., Pratt, Paul D. &amp; Makinson, Jeff" docDate="2014" docId="D7534645D88D8035DB106B72D7B6B42E" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 39: 1-15" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 39" docPubDate="2014-09-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/JHR.39.8096" docTitle="Formosempria varipes Takeuchi 1929" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FF9FFFF9FFFCCC21FFA38F29110AD768" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FF9FFFF9FFFCCC21FFA38F29110AD768" masterDocTitle="Studies on the Asian sawflies of Formosempria Takeuchi (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), with notes on the suitability of F. varipes Takeuchi as a biological control agent for skunk vine, Paederia foetida L. (Rubiaceae) in Florida" masterLastPageNumber="15" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1678747858660" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title>Studies on the Asian sawflies of Formosempria Takeuchi (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), with notes on the suitability of F. varipes Takeuchi as a biological control agent for skunk vine, Paederia foetida L. (Rubiaceae) in Florida</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, David R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Pratt, Paul D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Makinson, Jeff</mods:namePart>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152017873" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D7534645D88D8035DB106B72D7B6B42E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D7534645D88D8035DB106B72D7B6B42E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName LSID="D53C53A3-D95B-5E8A-A41C-7638842BFF9B" authority="Takeuchi" authorityName="Takeuchi" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Formosempria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formosempria varipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varipes">Formosempria varipes Takeuchi</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6–9" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 6 - 9. Formosempria varipes. 6 Lateral 7 Dorsal 8 Head, front 9 Head, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.39.8096.figures6-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/32128" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">Figs</pageBreakToken>
6
</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 16–18" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 16 - 18. Formosempria varipes. 16 Eggs 17 Neonate larvae 18 Mature larva." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.39.8096.figures16-18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/32130" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">-18</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Takeuchi" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Formosempria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formosempria varipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varipes">
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">Formosempria</pageBreakToken>
varipes
</taxonomicName>
Takeuchi, 1929: 85-86. Figure of wings; 
<bibRefCitation author="Malaise, R" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="231 - 260" refId="B5" refString="Malaise, R, 1961. New Oriental saw-flies (Hymen. Tenthr.). Entomologisk Tidskrift 82: 231 - 260" title="New Oriental saw-flies (Hymen. Tenthr.)." volume="82" year="1961">Malaise 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 249 (in key); 
<bibRefCitation author="Togashi, I" journalOrPublisher="Esakia (Special Issue)" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="177 - 192" refId="B16" refString="Togashi, I, 1990. Notes on Taiwanese Symphyta (Hymenoptera, Siricidae, Tenthredinidae, Argidae) (II). Esakia (Special Issue) 1: 177 - 192" title="Notes on Taiwanese Symphyta (Hymenoptera, Siricidae, Tenthredinidae, Argidae) (II)." volume="1" year="1990">Togashi 1990</bibRefCitation>
: 184, figs 46-50; 
<bibRefCitation author="Wei, M" editor="Blank, SM" journalOrPublisher="Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="505 - 574" refId="B21" refString="Wei, M, Nie, H, Taeger, A, 2006. Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) of China - Checklist and review of research. In: Blank, SM, Schmidt, S, Taeger, A, Eds., Recent Sawfly Research: Synthesis and Prospects. Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern: 505 - 574" title="Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) of China - Checklist and review of research." volumeTitle="Recent Sawfly Research: Synthesis and Prospects." year="2006">Wei et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 527 (listed).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Formosempria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formosempria annamensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annamensis">Formosempria annamensis</taxonomicName>
Malaise, 1961: 249. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">syn. n.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Formosempria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formosempria metallica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallica">Formosempria metallica</taxonomicName>
Wei, in 
<bibRefCitation author="Wei, M" editor="Huang, B" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Insects in Fujian Province of China" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="127 - 162" refId="B20" refString="Wei, M, Nie, H, 2003. Blennocampidae. Hymenoptera. Fauna of Insects in Fujian Province of China Vol. 7: 127 - 162" title="Blennocampidae. Hymenoptera." volume="Vol. 7" volumeTitle="Fauna of Insects in Fujian Province of China" year="2003">Wei and Nie 2003</bibRefCitation>
: 136-137, 207, figures, male and female; 
<bibRefCitation author="Wei, M" editor="Blank, SM" journalOrPublisher="Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="505 - 574" refId="B21" refString="Wei, M, Nie, H, Taeger, A, 2006. Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) of China - Checklist and review of research. In: Blank, SM, Schmidt, S, Taeger, A, Eds., Recent Sawfly Research: Synthesis and Prospects. Goecke &amp; Evers, Keltern: 505 - 574" title="Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) of China - Checklist and review of research." volumeTitle="Recent Sawfly Research: Synthesis and Prospects." year="2006">Wei et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
: 527 (listed). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">syn. n.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Female: Length, 6.5-7 mm. Black, with slight metallic lustre, and following white: apices of coxae, trochanters, basal third of mid and hind femora, basal third to half of mid and hind tibiae, base of hind basitarsus, most of mid and fore basitarsi. Wings lightly, uniformly infuscated; veins and stigma black. Head and body with slight metallic luster, smooth, shiny, with short silvery hairs.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
Antenna (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6–9" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 6 - 9. Formosempria varipes. 6 Lateral 7 Dorsal 8 Head, front 9 Head, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.39.8096.figures6-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/32128" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–15" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 15. Formosempria varipes. 10 Antenna 11 Hind tarsus 12 Ovipositor 13 Female sheath, lateral 14 Male genital capsule, ventral 15 Male penis valve, lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.39.8096.figures10-15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/32129" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">10</figureCitation>
) with scape longer than broad; pedicel about quadrate; antennomere 3 longer than 4, remaining antennomeres gradually decreasing; length less 
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">than</pageBreakToken>
half body length (thorax and abdomen) and about 1.7 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
head width. Clypeus truncate to slightly protruding anteriorly, with corners rounded (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 6–9" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 6 - 9. Formosempria varipes. 6 Lateral 7 Dorsal 8 Head, front 9 Head, dorsal." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.39.8096.figures6-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/32128" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">8</figureCitation>
). Malar space linear. Hind basitarsus (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–15" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 15. Formosempria varipes. 10 Antenna 11 Hind tarsus 12 Ovipositor 13 Female sheath, lateral 14 Male genital capsule, ventral 15 Male penis valve, lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.39.8096.figures10-15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/32129" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">11</figureCitation>
) about equal to length of remaining tarsomeres combined. Sheath (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–15" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 15. Formosempria varipes. 10 Antenna 11 Hind tarsus 12 Ovipositor 13 Female sheath, lateral 14 Male genital capsule, ventral 15 Male penis valve, lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.39.8096.figures10-15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/32129" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">13</figureCitation>
) slender in dorsal view, in lateral view slightly truncate at apex, appearing slightly directed dorsally. Lancet (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–15" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 15. Formosempria varipes. 10 Antenna 11 Hind tarsus 12 Ovipositor 13 Female sheath, lateral 14 Male genital capsule, ventral 15 Male penis valve, lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.39.8096.figures10-15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/32129" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">12</figureCitation>
) with serrulae low, pointed at apices, each with about 6 fine anterior and posterior subbasal teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Male: Length, 6.5 mm. Similar in color and structure to female. Genitalia in Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–15" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 15. Formosempria varipes. 10 Antenna 11 Hind tarsus 12 Ovipositor 13 Female sheath, lateral 14 Male genital capsule, ventral 15 Male penis valve, lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.39.8096.figures10-15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/32129" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">14</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 10–15" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 10 - 15. Formosempria varipes. 10 Antenna 11 Hind tarsus 12 Ovipositor 13 Female sheath, lateral 14 Male genital capsule, ventral 15 Male penis valve, lateral." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.39.8096.figures10-15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/32129" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">15</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Neonates (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 16–18" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 16 - 18. Formosempria varipes. 16 Eggs 17 Neonate larvae 18 Mature larva." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.39.8096.figures16-18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/32130" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">17</figureCitation>
): Similar to late feeding stage.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Last feeding stage (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 16–18" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 16 - 18. Formosempria varipes. 16 Eggs 17 Neonate larvae 18 Mature larva." figureDoi="10.3897/JHR.39.8096.figures16-18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/32130" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">18</figureCitation>
): Length, about 12 mm. Head black with postclypeus, preclypeus, area between antacorium and clypeus and mandible, mandible except apex and mouthparts except apices of palpi whitish; labrum brownish. Thorax and abdomen entirely pale with whitish bloom. Head with long scattered setae, longer than preclypeus; preclypeus with 2 setae on each side; labrum with 3 setae on each side; right mandible with 3 small ventral teeth and 2 acute and one broad dorsal teeth; left mandible with 2 acute ventral teeth and 4 acute dorsal teeth and with inner ridge extending inward from outer dorsal tooth. Thorax with scattered long setae. Abdominal segments each with 6 dorsal annulets; 2-3 setae on each side of annulets 2 and 4; subspiracular lobe and surpedal lobe each with about 4 long setae; apical segment with about 12 long setae dorsally and with long setae on subanal area.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Prepupa: Differs from feeding stages by head, thorax, and abdomen entirely pale, whitish. Setae on head and body absent. Each mandible with 3 linear teeth; left mandible with outer tooth largest, basal 2 teeth smaller and subequal in size; right mandible with central tooth largest, outer and inner teeth smaller and subequal in size.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Takeuchi described this species from a single female &quot;Sozan near Taihoku, Formosa&quot; &quot;collected by M. Kato, on May 2, 1926&quot;. The holotype should be in UOP with the Takeuchi collection. On a visit to Japan in 1979, I examined the holotype and took some brief notes. When recently requesting the type, it could not be found in the Takeuchi collection at UOP. A thorough search for the type was made by Noria Hirai (UOP) and Akihko Shinohara (National Museum of Nature and Science), but to no avail.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Formosempria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formosempria annamensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annamensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Formosempria annamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from a single female. The holotype is at NHR, was examined and is labeled &quot;Phuc Son, Annam, XI-XII, H Rosse, Berlin, s.w. 11&quot;, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“TYPUS”">&quot;TYPUS&quot;</normalizedToken>
[red], 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Formosempria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formosempria annamensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annamensis">Formosempria annamensis</taxonomicName>
n. sp., R. Malaise det 1958, &quot;NHRS-HEVA 000000839&quot;.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Formosempria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formosempria metallica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Formosempria metallica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from nine female and male specimens from Hubei, Fujian, Zhejiang, Hangzhou provinces, China. The female holotype is at CSCS, from &quot;Maheba, Xiangeng, Hubei, 1999-VII-25&quot; and was examined. The holotype label is in Chinese, with the same date and &quot;450 m.&quot; and additional labels &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="F. metallica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallica">F. metallica</taxonomicName>
&quot;, &quot;Holotype: 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tenthredinidae" genus="Formosempria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Formosempria metallica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallica">Formosempria metallica</taxonomicName>
Wei female, M. Wei 1992&quot;.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
CHINA: Hong Kong, Sham Tseng San Tsuen Temple, larvae, March 24, 2013, on 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paederia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paederia foetida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foetida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">Paederia</pageBreakToken>
foetida
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adults April 2013, reared in quarantine, ARS, Ft. Lauderdale, FL by Paul Pratt (5 ♀, 5 ♂, USNM); same data, larvae March 2014, pupated and adults emerged IV-V 2014 (about 7 ♀, 100 ♂, 20 larvae, USNM, IPRL); Hubei, holotype and paratype of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="F. metallica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F. metallica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1 ♀, 1 ♂, CSCS); Zhejiang, paratype; Henan (1 ♀, SDEI). TAIWAN: Keelung Co., Keelung City, V.2004, Malaise trap, L. Stange and H. Wang (1 ♀, 4 ♂, FSCA). VIETNAM: Holotype of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="F. annamensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annamensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F. annamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(1 ♀, NHR).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">China (Hong Kong, Hubei, Fujian, Zhejiang, Hangzhou); Taiwan; Vietnam.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="hosts">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Hosts.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Paederia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paederia foetida" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foetida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paederia foetida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, also 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. ciliata" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. ciliata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. cruddasiana" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cruddasiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. cruddasiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. bojeriana" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bojeriana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. bojeriana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. pilifera" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilifera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">P. pilifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on host testing (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
The interpretations of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="F. varipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F. varipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation author="Malaise, R" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="231 - 260" refId="B5" refString="Malaise, R, 1961. New Oriental saw-flies (Hymen. Tenthr.). Entomologisk Tidskrift 82: 231 - 260" title="New Oriental saw-flies (Hymen. Tenthr.)." volume="82" year="1961">Malaise (1961)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Togashi, I" journalOrPublisher="Esakia (Special Issue)" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="177 - 192" refId="B16" refString="Togashi, I, 1990. Notes on Taiwanese Symphyta (Hymenoptera, Siricidae, Tenthredinidae, Argidae) (II). Esakia (Special Issue) 1: 177 - 192" title="Notes on Taiwanese Symphyta (Hymenoptera, Siricidae, Tenthredinidae, Argidae) (II)." volume="1" year="1990">Togashi (1990)</bibRefCitation>
and others were based on the original description by 
<bibRefCitation author="Takeuchi, K" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="83 - 91" refId="B15" refString="Takeuchi, K, 1929. New sawflies from Formosa (3). Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa 19: 83 - 91" title="New sawflies from Formosa (3)." volume="19" year="1929">Takeuchi (1929)</bibRefCitation>
, not examination of the type. The type is now presumed lost. In a collection of sawflies from Taiwan (FSCA) DRS discovered a series of four males and one female that agree with 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Takeuchi’s">Takeuchi's</normalizedToken>
description. Due to the absence of the type, we are using these specimens as representative of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="F. varipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F. varipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A key character used by 
<bibRefCitation author="Malaise, R" journalOrPublisher="Entomologisk Tidskrift" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="231 - 260" refId="B5" refString="Malaise, R, 1961. New Oriental saw-flies (Hymen. Tenthr.). Entomologisk Tidskrift 82: 231 - 260" title="New Oriental saw-flies (Hymen. Tenthr.)." volume="82" year="1961">Malaise (1961)</bibRefCitation>
and others to separate 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="F. varipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F. varipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the length of the hind basitarsomere. 
<bibRefCitation author="Takeuchi, K" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="83 - 91" refId="B15" refString="Takeuchi, K, 1929. New sawflies from Formosa (3). Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa 19: 83 - 91" title="New sawflies from Formosa (3)." volume="19" year="1929">Takeuchi (1929)</bibRefCitation>
stated &quot;posterior basitarsus shorter than the following joints&quot;. In the specimens examined, the hind basitarsomere is subequal to very slightly longer than the remaining tarsomeres combined. This is the only discrepancy between the Taiwan specimens we have and 
<bibRefCitation author="Takeuchi, K" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="83 - 91" refId="B15" refString="Takeuchi, K, 1929. New sawflies from Formosa (3). Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa 19: 83 - 91" title="New sawflies from Formosa (3)." volume="19" year="1929">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Takeuchi’s">Takeuchi's</normalizedToken>
(1929)
</bibRefCitation>
description. However, because of the overwhelming similarity of the Taiwan specimens with 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Takeuchi’s">Takeuchi's</normalizedToken>
description, we do not believe 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“shorter”">&quot;shorter&quot;</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="“subequal”">&quot;subequal&quot;</normalizedToken>
, or &quot;slightly longer&quot;, alone are sufficient to justify a separate species. This could have been misinterpreted by the authors, or it could be slightly variable in the species. The female ovipositor and male genitalia of the Taiwan and Hong Kong specimens were compared and were identical.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<bibRefCitation author="Togashi, I" journalOrPublisher="Esakia (Special Issue)" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="177 - 192" refId="B16" refString="Togashi, I, 1990. Notes on Taiwanese Symphyta (Hymenoptera, Siricidae, Tenthredinidae, Argidae) (II). Esakia (Special Issue) 1: 177 - 192" title="Notes on Taiwanese Symphyta (Hymenoptera, Siricidae, Tenthredinidae, Argidae) (II)." volume="1" year="1990">Togashi (1990)</bibRefCitation>
briefly described one female from Taiwan &quot;Shin Bao Shi, near Liu Kui, 3.V.1986, K. Baba leg.&quot; He stated that it agrees with 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Takeuchi’s">Takeuchi's</normalizedToken>
original description. He illustrated the dorsal view of the head (fig. 46), front inner tibial spur (fig. 47), tarsal claw (fig. 48), sheath (fig. 49), and lancet (fig. 50). The front inner tibial spur was illustrated and stated to be simple; however, in specimens we have examined there is a very slight subapical projection. Otherwise, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Togashi’s">Togashi's</normalizedToken>
description and illustration agree with the specimens examined from Taiwan. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Togashi’s">Togashi's</normalizedToken>
specimen was not examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Malaise’s">Malaise's</normalizedToken>
holotype of 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="F. annamensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annamensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F. annamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Vietnam is identical to specimens from Taiwan and Hong Kong; therefore, we synonymize this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Wei (in 
<bibRefCitation author="Wei, M" editor="Huang, B" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Insects in Fujian Province of China" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="127 - 162" refId="B20" refString="Wei, M, Nie, H, 2003. Blennocampidae. Hymenoptera. Fauna of Insects in Fujian Province of China Vol. 7: 127 - 162" title="Blennocampidae. Hymenoptera." volume="Vol. 7" volumeTitle="Fauna of Insects in Fujian Province of China" year="2003">Wei and Nie 2003</bibRefCitation>
) stated that 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="F. metallica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F. metallica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="“…">&quot;...</normalizedToken>
differs from its congeners in malar space absent, lateral furrows of postocellar area very weak and shallow, antenna as long as half the body length, and mesoscutellum black&quot;. Figures in 
<bibRefCitation author="Wei, M" editor="Huang, B" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Insects in Fujian Province of China" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="127 - 162" refId="B20" refString="Wei, M, Nie, H, 2003. Blennocampidae. Hymenoptera. Fauna of Insects in Fujian Province of China Vol. 7: 127 - 162" title="Blennocampidae. Hymenoptera." volume="Vol. 7" volumeTitle="Fauna of Insects in Fujian Province of China" year="2003">Wei and Nie (2003)</bibRefCitation>
of the male genitalia, tarsal claw, sheath and part of the lancet do not noticeably differ from specimens from Taiwan and Hong Kong. All of the differing characters mentioned by Wei are shared with 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="F. varipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F. varipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and, upon examination of the holotype, DRS observed no differences between this and 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="F. varipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="varipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F. varipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="F. metallica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="metallica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F. metallica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is synonymized.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>