295 lines
34 KiB
XML
295 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="00086AF11C60C4A2A658B76254A71E05" ID-CLB-Dataset="35542" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.581.7455" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d2ed0378-03f8-4aaf-98a4-0cc1f5fd084f" ID-PMC="PMC4857042" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-581-71" ID-PubMed="27199582" ID-ZooBank="CC1CA2C044724D5DAB727EACB8D2DF29" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-581-71" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 581" ModsDocTitle="Sinulariapolydactyla (Ehrenberg, 1834) (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) re-examined, with the description of a new species" checkinTime="1460715464931" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="van Ofwegen, Leen P., McFadden, Catherine S. & Benayahu, Yehuda" docDate="2016" docId="D725DAC2C7CDA71A7CDC9D9C93B5BFE3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 581: 71-126" docOrigin="ZooKeys 581" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.581.7455" docTitle="Sinularia polydactyla Ehrenberg 1834" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="76" masterDocId="185A0559977F566AFF9E932BFFD17D7D" masterDocTitle="Sinulariapolydactyla (Ehrenberg, 1834) (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) re-examined, with the description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1701382127749" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="222B09925F962EE7688397B90E1F8F99" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="42E94624688077CCC039EC3AED14D711">
|
||
<mods:title id="C7E7ABE55EF9CA7D4895C5E4286132A1">Sinulariapolydactyla (Ehrenberg, 1834) (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) re-examined, with the description of a new species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="6CEA9A88099212D8B38FAEF9F80A80B6" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="AC8819A25EDCF1EE6FCDD933B4D42D5A">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="DABB76E0CC35A24004524A5BB5395CA2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="A745930D4665B7BA0502E1F0BE26A5F0">van Ofwegen, Leen P.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="CA177932BE7F50CC136AFDC38817B0EE" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="F02E3A5BA3CFDF41B74396B88B796A90">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="9B9B0FCCB1DB28A5FA95EA0F0174558A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="8DA174AC67B07F5B9D8026EAC880AEFB">McFadden, Catherine S.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="7E233F772C067EBA660922E7A664BD42" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="57CEC2B94FF2C5CB886ECC103384A43C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="ECB0A3E3D836458064E1E977959A875A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="1B39663B3364B885DFB6BF3512499763">Benayahu, Yehuda</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="A7C89F43C960C3FB694E55A96C1BE6B4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="A34369039EF911C363677733EEDC8460" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="1363EE231EA66E24F185F2C50A636B91">
|
||
<mods:title id="B5B2DAC475A193F66AA754F85D4049EA">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="2258146CDAE4DBA0927814941ADEFCE8">
|
||
<mods:date id="48455A9783CE728678AF22B4CB02EB7C">2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="384D58A0006819C85D51E9E97AD10E4C" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="7944412C379AAC6341040B0B99AF8E69">581</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="AB30424341C6D60CD8AE91A7E6A45F65" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="141B00B5EE90757273FCED2B052E1F03">71</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="CD2AD087D8D71DA306A7B73A8A8DD205">126</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="AAF08F818A1C0BCAEC7F32E09705CACE">
|
||
<mods:url id="A827DE1854D9AF9030937B7D58A223C9">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.581.7455</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="8E4BF24A3B9895C0180F8D9C2773BCD8">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D3CC672D70B11E037191AF20454D984E" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.581.7455</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="2BB23B3FB90AE5D3B2193F6CAD80C913" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-581-71</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0F05A6C442533C0038DAA376CB26E105" type="ZooBank">CC1CA2C044724D5DAB727EACB8D2DF29</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="D725DAC2C7CDA71A7CDC9D9C93B5BFE3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127864564" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D725DAC2C7CDA71A7CDC9D9C93B5BFE3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D725DAC2C7CDA71A7CDC9D9C93B5BFE3" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<subSubSection id="69234EFFC7EF6F982E6F54248DCF0F81" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="13359CFAE2A445FFAB892225498107BD" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Taxon classification Animalia Alcyonacea Alcyoniidae</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BF9B725372F7FD60A9CE6C5BAFB07272" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="2D70A40DFCF21676254F17B97C874557" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1A002C16C3CEE07E5513F532B812F0A6" ID-CoL="4XMFZ" authority="Ehrenberg, 1834" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1834" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia polydactyla" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polydactyla">Sinularia polydactyla (Ehrenberg, 1834)</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figures 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="535FF8E05279E428A4EC0BFE7EEEEDF2" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="18835836CF0779CEBEE5840CD7A16E49" originalValue="F–G">F-G</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="45E756593477E8D4B2594FE481496E24" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="A0BC48D6DB078D0FFA4758FFD81F2747" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17859E1CF7219934DB42E4F322BCE6F6" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Lobularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lobularia polydactyla" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polydactyla">Lobularia polydactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ehrenberg, 1834: 58 (Red Sea).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C322096067E39DF55FE69D28DB520A62" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="131AF70F0C526634480B4D8D62603B47" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia polydactyla" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polydactyla">? Sinularia polydactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Benayahu and Schleyer 1996: 6 (Mozambique); Benayahu et al. 2003: 56 (Mozambique);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9B835CE01375783C2AA5757D9C187168" author="Dautova, T" journalOrPublisher="KMK Press, Moscow" pageId="9" pageNumber="80" title="OctocoralliaAlcyoniidae of Nha Trang Bay, South China Sea." year="2013">Dautova and Savinkin 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 220 (Vietnam).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA77CBC0D7B220796077071DC145EE28" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="19B3491CCD279B36C58B975F7E35C386" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia polydactyla" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polydactyla">Sinularia polydactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
(partly); Benayahu et al. 2002: 278 (Red Sea).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C854D5243D9BFEF3DFDBBBDFD098699E" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BEC7A0F9B74853FB33F6E85CF46DED8" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia compressa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="compressa">Sinularia compressa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Tixier-Durivault, 1945: 150 (Red Sea);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DC4DD9DD4EE6907CCBEE9881041068E4" author="Verseveldt, J" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 128" title="A revision of the genus Sinularia May (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea)." volume="179" year="1980">Verseveldt 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 30 (older literature); Benayahu et al. 2002: 278; 2003: 55 (Mozambique); Samimi Namin and Ofwegen 2009: 8 (Persian Gulf);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0CF8747CF2D6D05EEE31376318C804FC" author="Haverkort-Yeh, R" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="279 - 291" title="A taxonomic survey of Saudi Arabian Red Sea octocorals (Cnidaria: Alcyonacea)." url="10.1007/s12526-013-0157-4" volume="43" year="2013">Haverkort-Yeh et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 286 (Red Sea).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A19F23041A95BBEF37ABC41D8B8156FC" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ABD636E50E41FDBE972E4077A590DCEC" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia compressa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="compressa">Sinularia compressa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(partly);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="96710D51B5127BA3383E97A5C40D5CB9" author="McFadden, CS" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="303 - 323" title="Molecular systematics of the speciose Indo-Pacific soft coral genus, Sinularia (Anthozoa: Octocorallia)." url="10.1111/j.1744-7410.2009.00179.x" volume="128" year="2009">McFadden et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 318;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2876C07A3EB77EB90EABCCD0D0BAC9C2" author="McFadden, CS" journalOrPublisher="Molecular ecology resources" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="19 - 31" title="Limitations of mitochondrial gene barcoding in Octocorallia." url="10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02875.x" volume="11" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 25; Benayahu et al. 2013: 1544.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7EC781955F1D654A568785CF8C824B49" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C19EBEFE7CD7213CD10985B26B15210" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia candidula" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="candidula">Sinularia candidula</taxonomicName>
|
||
Verseveldt & Benayahu, 1983: 11 (Red Sea).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EF12CA5DEC8A5624A6BF98474BDEDB21" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A4A7E1730480EF80C46E87D6D640F97" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia polydactyla" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polydactyla">Sinularia polydactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
NOT
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F98A9E8D5ADC61B7E78B2AB8ACA664BA" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia polydactyla" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polydactyla">Sinularia polydactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Verseveldt 1971: 4 (Madagascar); Tixier-Durivault 1972: 677 (Reunion; =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="33FAFBAEA74EE013375AC5F8289BC834" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia shlagmani" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="shlagmani">Sinularia shlagmani</taxonomicName>
|
||
Benayahu & Ofwegen, 2012); Verseveldt 1972: 457 (Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands); 1974: 96 (New Caledonia): 1977: 3 (Fiji, Guam, Samoa); 1978: 50 (Guam, Palau); 1980: 108 (older literature); Ofwegen and Benayahu 1992: 140 (Tanzania);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0C554837C9E7F8DC73A53C36D10346B9" author="Ofwegen, LP van" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="135 - 158" title="Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon (1990). Part 3. The Alcyoniidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea)." volume="68" year="1994">Ofwegen and Vennam 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 138 (Ambon); Benayahu 1995: 107 (Ryukyu Archipelago); Ofwegen 1996: 208 (Bismarck Sea); Benayahu 1997: 237 (Guam, in situ image); 2002: 20 (Ryukyu Archipelago); Benayahu et al. 2004: 551 (Taiwan; in situ image); Manuputty and Ofwegen 2007: 192 (Ambon; =
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8A3BECE5B05ACAB97A5ADF1ADD051011" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia ceramensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="ceramensis">Sinularia ceramensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D68E189491BC814B62C8EAF9A0F0F260" author="McFadden, CS" journalOrPublisher="Invertebrate Biology" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="303 - 323" title="Molecular systematics of the speciose Indo-Pacific soft coral genus, Sinularia (Anthozoa: Octocorallia)." url="10.1111/j.1744-7410.2009.00179.x" volume="128" year="2009">McFadden et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 321;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B2D5B2088E17D9CD0793A87080F1AF9" author="McFadden, CS" journalOrPublisher="Molecular ecology resources" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="19 - 31" title="Limitations of mitochondrial gene barcoding in Octocorallia." url="10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02875.x" volume="11" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 25; Benayahu and Ofwegen 2011: 118 (Singapore); Benayahu et al. 2013: 1544.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="52F368316CFA28611FD1A60BF99B51C6" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF8CB5923A9D2B78C7AF41D0D0C609F" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia polydactyla" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polydactyla">Sinularia polydactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
NOT
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3ED036E1FB5EE8F51DBE53A9F6072A3" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia compressa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="compressa">Sinularia compressa</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Benayahu 1997: 215 (Guam); 2002: 18 (Japan); Benayahu et al. 2004: 551 (Taiwan); Manuputty and Ofwegen 2007: 191 (Ambon); Benayahu and Chou 2010: 4 (Singapore).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6E6CB7043CA763694BD734D91DC1EEB0" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph id="63B16F74ADAB494D1150675F7A4D01C7" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Type material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="176B7362210B94A7E5B2B63421D7200D" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
ZMB 299,
|
||
<typeStatus id="8FAF88A5DC377C7AB6C664DE12183E94" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(herein designated), Red Sea, leg. Hemprich, Ehrenberg; ZMB 298, two
|
||
<typeStatus id="5F3E1F7A268B29C1E6B0439A30DAE7DC" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="18493736E68C6E73A9A9654B51405636" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
; ZMB 300, same data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="41610BB23F828D93865772AE61F53BB3" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9D824489107B5D3BE9D673D4C53EA098" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="D84D9F0E75B04BB2005D28DE13F58150" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Other material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E75A4C0DAD4D108343824AFDCC6214E8" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
RMNH Coel. 8890, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, 1.5 km N of Saudi Arabian border, 50-70 cm, 10-20 m from coast, 15 February 1972, coll. H. Schumacher, det. J. Verseveldt, one specimen and two microscope slides; RMNH Coel. 8891, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, 1.5 km N of Saudi Arabian border, 80 cm, 18 February 1972, coll. H. Schumacher, det. J. Verseveldt, one specimen and two microscope slides; RMNH Coel. 8892, Marsa el Muqeibla (= Makbala), Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, from reef wall, 6 January 1968, coll. Hebrew University, Jerusalem - Smithsonian Red Sea project 63/SLR 1147, det. J. Verseveldt, one specimen and 3 microscope slides; RMNH Coel. 8944, Marsa abu Zabad, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, 15 September 1967, coll. Hebrew University, Jerusalem - Smithsonian Red Sea project, det. J. Verseveldt, one specimen and five microscope slides; RMNH Coel. 8951, Marsa el Maqeilba, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, 6 January 1968, coll. Hebrew University, Jerusalem - Smithsonian Red Sea project, det. J. Verseveldt, one specimen and four microscope slides; ZMTAU Co 25287, Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Nakeb Shahin, 25 m, coll. Y. Benayahu, 29 November 1981; ZMTAU Co 25309, Red Sea, southern tip of Sinai Peninsula, Sharm El Sheikh, 25 m, coll. Y. Benayahu, 30 November 1981; ZMTAU Co 25378, Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Nakeb Shahin, 18-24 m, coll. Y. Benayahu, 5 November 1981; ZMTAU Co 25419, Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Taba, 1 m, coll. Y. Benayahu, 30 July 1984; ZMTAU Co 26119, Red Sea, North, Tawila Island, 6 m, coll. Y. Benayahu, 24 September 1989; ZMTAU Co 31609, Red Sea, Eritrea, Dahlak Archipelago, Dahlak Island, channel in front of Lul hotel, coll. M. Schleyer, 12 February 1998; ZMTAU Co 31610, Red Sea, Eritrea Dahlak Archipelago, Intere Island,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5BB5D28EB2CEE298ACADAD2DA67574C0" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="15.641733">15°38.504'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A4624857B9427FA640CDEAE63E8B408A" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="39.893">39°53.580'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 12.5 m, coll. M. Schleyer, 3 May 1997; ZMTAU Co 32947, Red Sea, Eritrea, Dahlak Archipelago, between Nocra Island and Dahlak Island, southern entrance to the channel,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B34454EE426BFFA1DDE557A5D2FC7FE7" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="15.693334">15°41.60'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D5C677AA02BAEBC11F3E85BD2B6899B3" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="39.94">39°56.40'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2-3 m, coll. Y. Benayahu, 15 February 2005; ZMTAU Co 32961, Red Sea, Eritrea, Dahlak Archipelago, Shumma Island,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FFB9CA26C32B788B6EE7D777E7A8AEC6" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="15.533334">15°32.00'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E73B596C9D5AFD1294093CF8A374C01E" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="40.0">40°00.00'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 8-12 m, coll. Y. Benayahu, 16 February 2005; ZMTAU Co 33104, Israel, Gulf of Aqaba, Eilat, Marine laboratory, reef off the Inter University Institute for Marine Sciences, 50 m, coll. S. Einbinder, 8 June 2004; ZMTAU Co 35301, Israel, Gulf of Aqaba, Eilat, reef off the Inter University Institute for Marine Sciences, 14 m, coll. Y. Benayahu, 19 January 2011;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AE6747FEA46484EB14E201E86964DF0A" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia compressa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="compressa">Sinularia compressa</taxonomicName>
|
||
material: ZMTAU 34140, ZMTAU 34142, and ZMTAU 34150 used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC49A0750A2CC275F65634887894D716" author="McFadden, CS" journalOrPublisher="Molecular ecology resources" pageId="10" pageNumber="81" pagination="19 - 31" title="Limitations of mitochondrial gene barcoding in Octocorallia." url="10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02875.x" volume="11" year="2011">McFadden et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BB13EFF31A082A47D1717B2BAFC5403E" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="re-description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E6D5E7E92EA1BC387EE0A9632D7BFCAD" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Re-description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A8C78F32D5CBCEFC43FAD7987A48C64E" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">The lectotype is 14.5 cm high and 9 cm wide (Figure 2A). The primary lobes give off short finger-like lobules up to 1 cm long. The polyp openings are visible as small pits.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="142DADD7D1B9C59622EE71CDB65A98EA" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="B35EF60134740E9D5AC079D7A50ADCD8" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figure 2. Colonies. A
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6EE85A88BBEC49019E6F6CFF14CCF29" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia polydactyla" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polydactyla">Sinularia polydactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ehrenberg, 1834), lectotype ZMB 299 B paralectotype ZMB 298 C paralectotype ZMB 300 D
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDE6FBA25E25D5A2B0879D2F8107E022" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia levi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="levi">Sinularia levi</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. holotype ZMTAU Co 34106 E paratype ZMTAU Co 34138 F
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FF955D3268E5394425D2032AB510341" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia compressa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="compressa">Sinularia compressa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Tixier-Durivault, 1945, ZMTAU 31610 GZMTAU 34142.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="E50D457B77741C9A41B064A05A961D8C" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Sclerites. Polyps without sclerites. The surface layer of the lobules has clubs with a distinct central wart, the smallest are 0.07 mm long, most are around 0.10 mm, but some reach even a length of 0.15 mm (Figure 3A). Furthermore, the surface layer of the lobules has spindles, up to 0.25 mm long, with simple tubercles (Figure 3B). The sclerites of the surface layer of the base of the colony resemble those of the surface layer of the lobules, but the clubs are much shorter, only up to 0.10 mm long, with wider handles. The spindles are also wider and shorter than those of the top of the colony, up to 0.15 mm long (Figure 4). The interior of the colony has unbranched spindles. In the lobules the spindles are up to 2 mm long (Figure 5A), featuring simple or complex tubercles (Figure 5B). In the base of the colony they are up to 3 mm long (Figure 5C), many with more complex tubercles (Figure 5D).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="0CEDC7CC7DFA542A6EC50CB266E26C5E" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="D8C3061B2813AC62B8951956C15CC031" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figure 3.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3B21445F08D140FB94EF008C32F215B" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia polydactyla" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polydactyla">Sinularia polydactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ehrenberg, 1834), lectotype ZMB 299. A clubs of surface layer top of colony B spindles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A3AB8F3240D58821F34AD9DA670BF68F" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="27F1F77040C2325AD85B51DD2093E3B5" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figure 4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4224C09A7C881B8A50D6220350284F5" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia polydactyla" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polydactyla">Sinularia polydactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ehrenberg, 1834), lectotype ZMB 299. A clubs of surface layer base of colony B spindles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="CFCDB845BEA0BC74D8CB278035B3E9D7" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="7681021AD3FE6CEBFDB89C1E89E442E0" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figure 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49BA396AFBF188B80DB89D8983B8BE12" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia polydactyla" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polydactyla">Sinularia polydactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ehrenberg, 1834), lectotype ZMB 299. A spindles of interior of top of colony B tuberculation of one of the spindles C spindles of the interior of base of the colony D tuberculation of the spindles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="0ABE015D4434A15AE5E0F61973D87E29" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Colour. The alcohol-preserved specimen is light brown.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5DF61514386E8BBF0353A54550BDFDBE" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="5BC2F3FA8BCEB9173ED240547B484B9C" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF681D875F7314E777F1481764490BD4" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
The two paralectotypes ZMB 298 are smaller than the lectotype (Figure 2B) but the sclerites are similar (Figure 6). Paralectotype ZMB 300 is not a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="74959A4A112BFFF1A54D44659F2AF2A5" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Sinularia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7C286EA783F17879CEBF7D59E081266" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Cladiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cladiella" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Cladiella</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen, as proven by its colony shape and typical suite of figure-eight and dumbbell sclerites (Figures 2C, 7-8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FE4115A3FBC9B62663CC7C64EA5095FF" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="EFC7349821025C762DAAD7017D722E21" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figure 6.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F365DF69F2CF07A209412D6767BC285" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia polydactyla" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polydactyla">Sinularia polydactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ehrenberg, 1834), paralectotype ZMB 298 (smallest colony). A clubs of surface layer top of colony B spindles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="B971A8E5E33BC6AC786F9464DDF1C42D" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="018C2A8318A4E3F3541CFB8AF04FE71A" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figure 7.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9CF4D98752243156E37892AB4255341D" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia polydactyla" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polydactyla">Sinularia polydactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ehrenberg, 1834), paralectotype ZMB 300. Sclerites of top of colony.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="815363E23B7BE61E02791ED4F3FCA0B8" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
<paragraph id="999D2104C63B73BDD4012FC7EC62BE16" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Figure 8.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EF1EC94311C96CA45D605BAB55150088" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia polydactyla" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polydactyla">Sinularia polydactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Ehrenberg, 1834), paralectotype ZMB 300. Sclerites of base of colony.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="3E7227474C3CEDCDAE55E515F8CC6F89" pageId="4" pageNumber="75">
|
||
Notably the Red Sea
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00F5FA428B6A5DB59F716C5F00372F49" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia polydactyla" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="75" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polydactyla">Sinularia polydactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
colonies can be much larger than the lectotypes and have longer lobules (Figure 2F, ZMTAU 31610).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DFAF60A42F79D27060C9627E0F5B0BEC" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47E47473ADEEA0B1C0B6A869D8B8EF66" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia compressa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="compressa">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="B6CE8DCB0F1D2078DB1CA8B867E1DEA1" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" start="start">Sinularia</pageBreakToken>
|
||
compressa
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Tixier-Durivault, 1945 exhibits close similarity to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="225CE1876C4B719A3E6402D11349FCC2" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia polydactyla" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polydactyla">Sinularia polydactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It differs in having clubs in the surface layer of the lobes with more slender handle and spinier head.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A0343450C20B21CE1CF5E58E9152BE60" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia compressa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="compressa">Sinularia compressa</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens ZMTAU 34140, 34142, and 34150, all from the Red Sea (Figure 2G) feature similar sclerites (Figures 9-11) despite differences in their colony shape.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1CD3EBAAA5BD075BC93B68FA394411DE" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<paragraph id="8899A45D43DF0FCD59A8CA0A704E412F" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
|
||
Figure 9.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3517E5908A030CF4ECE77519554310E7" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia compressa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="compressa">Sinularia compressa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Tixier-Durivault, 1945, ZMTAU 34142. Clubs of surface layer of top of colony.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="3021D782806F1B6994F028CF891B44E6" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<paragraph id="AC706115F5B041E37201081596A6DC5B" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
|
||
Figure 10.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="332EEDB65AFD6BD776B0F060EA1A711F" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia compressa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="compressa">Sinularia compressa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Tixier-Durivault, 1945, ZMTAU 34142. A spindles of surface layer of top of colony B spindles of interior of top of colony C tuberculation of a spindle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="05FB1D1E6E58263C5C8F4423968FDAE4" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<paragraph id="91509CC845223D81C55164786DF7924D" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
|
||
Figure 11.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C06A7C46A2F455487A92AE66EECE6631" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia compressa" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="compressa">Sinularia compressa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Tixier-Durivault, 1945, ZMTAU 34142. A clubs of surface layer base of colony B spindles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FCD52C1720F2501B69CCD1F2AAB182B4" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
|
||
Finally, we re-examined the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="622EAA3100347E1B9E71D2675E4BD8D5" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia candidula" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="candidula">Sinularia candidula</taxonomicName>
|
||
Verseveldt & Benayahu, 1983, RMNH Coel. 11837, also depicting its sclerites (Figures 12-14). There were no noticeable differences between that species and specimens identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="308BDEF20AA14B8B2486A592402CEA61" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia polydactyla" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polydactyla">Sinularia polydactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and therefore we synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D042A91B6C633B3F20CDD268F51BE33" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia candidula" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="candidula">Sinularia candidula</taxonomicName>
|
||
also with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16DF859CB4EBF6454536529F87D13D55" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia polydactyla" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polydactyla">Sinularia polydactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6BB382A29284201A2AEBAE1911141843" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<paragraph id="615FB9E088985DD3C2A67672CC565748" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
|
||
Figure 12
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB6B27BF279B1A67BE4A6973934829ED" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia candidula" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="candidula">Sinularia candidula</taxonomicName>
|
||
Verseveldt & Benayahu, 1983. Clubs of surface layer top of colony.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="593EEC4E72BD931D995E7C84FF691DBB" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<paragraph id="8C4D6812CCCC1207B033AE348A3752A4" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
|
||
Figure 13
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59E56ABBFCE5EAA8F9BC84CBCD990463" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia candidula" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="candidula">Sinularia candidula</taxonomicName>
|
||
Verseveldt & Benayahu, 1983. A spindles of surface layer of top of colony B spindles of interior of top of colony C tuberculation of a spindle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="E688671DB99ACE45ABD4D737C856FA92" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<paragraph id="2C9B9B21EB47FB393119FA133ACDF24B" pageId="5" pageNumber="76">
|
||
Figure 14
|
||
<taxonomicName id="51E4796F606C08C7478B9A0033D61B0E" class="Anthozoa" family="Alcyoniidae" genus="Sinularia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinularia candidula" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="76" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="candidula">Sinularia candidula</taxonomicName>
|
||
Verseveldt & Benayahu, 1983. A clubs of surface layer base of colony B spindles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |