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<document id="0325CA4A17C7FF2B2778023F3AF9AE56" ID-CLB-Dataset="4962" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4985.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="39b6c74a-8bd5-49f0-8e23-b9ab57c7d162" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4929927" ID-ZooBank="4BD3C47D-D732-42A2-AEDA-0AD11550AE06" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623440870542" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cook, Jerry L." docDate="2021" docId="03C2B3525510FFBCB0C0FF3755FDFD9C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4985.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4985 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Paraplea Esaki &amp; Chna 1928" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="90" masterDocId="FFFBCB2A5516FFB5B057FFA05061FFD2" masterDocTitle="Review of the Paraplea Esaki &amp; China (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha Pleidae) of Australia, with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="90" masterPageNumber="81" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1699012929999" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="30F8BB5581CD3DE5CC13B6DBC4A5D734">Review of the Paraplea Esaki &amp; China (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha Pleidae) of Australia, with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D95556874C956526C0C24CEB1DF9DA7C">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C2B3525510FFBCB0C0FF3755FDFD9C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5197925" ID-GBIF-Taxon="184604314" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5197925" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C2B3525510FFBCB0C0FF3755FDFD9C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C2B3525510FFBCB0C0FF3755FDFD9C" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
<subSubSection id="C37151CF5510FFB3B0C0FF375252FF63" box="[151,563,151,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD402445510FFB3B0C0FF375252FF63" blockId="6.[151,563,151,178]" box="[151,563,151,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
<heading id="D09CB5285510FFB3B0C0FF375252FF63" bold="true" box="[151,563,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B0C0FF375252FF63" bold="true" box="[151,563,151,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
Synopsis of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B17BFF3751F8FF60" ID-CoL="6GBF" authorityName="Esaki &amp; Chna" authorityYear="1928" box="[300,409,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B17BFF3751F8FF60" bold="true" box="[300,409,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Paraplea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of
<collectingCountry id="F37C42D45510FFB3B1E9FF375252FF63" box="[446,563,151,177]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Australia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37151CF5510FFBCB0C0FF7F536DFE93" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD402445510FFB3B0C0FF7F54FEFD57" blockId="6.[151,1437,223,1150]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
Knowledge of the distribution of Australian
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B2C4FF7F5284FF2B" box="[659,741,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pleidae</taxonomicName>
is almost certainly incomplete but what we know allows for some conclusions about these species.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B205FEA3536CFECF" baseAuthorityName="Kirkaldy" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[594,781,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunni">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B205FEA3536CFECF" box="[594,781,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Paraplea brunni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from all Australian states and territories except Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory. However, there is no reason to expect that
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B420FE8854BFFE93" baseAuthorityName="Kirkaldy" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1143,1246,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunni">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B420FE8854BFFE93" box="[1143,1246,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">P. brunni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would be absent from these areas.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B109FEEB5279FEB7" baseAuthorityName="Kirkaldy" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[350,536,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunni">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B109FEEB5279FEB7" box="[350,536,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Paraplea brunni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has also been reported from New
<collectingCountry id="F37C42D45510FFB3B3CBFEEB538CFEB7" box="[924,1005,331,357]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Guinea</collectingCountry>
but is otherwise known from no other regions.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B0ADFECF51A1FE5B" box="[250,448,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liturata">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B0ADFECF51A1FE5B" box="[250,448,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Paraplea liturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not appear to be a common species in
<collectingCountry id="F37C42D45510FFB3B393FECF544AFE5B" box="[964,1067,367,393]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Australia</collectingCountry>
but this widespread species has been found in northern regions of
<collectingCountry id="F37C42D45510FFB3B277FE3352EBFE7F" box="[544,650,403,429]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Australia</collectingCountry>
, in the
<collectingRegion id="49AFCCA65510FFB3B2B6FE3353D0FE7F" box="[737,945,403,429]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49AFCCA65510FFB3B3BCFE3454D9FE7F" box="[1003,1208,403,430]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B492FE3355E0FE7F" baseAuthorityName="Kirkaldy" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1221,1409,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunni">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B492FE3355E0FE7F" box="[1221,1409,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Paraplea brunni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also found in some of the same regions where
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B2CDFE185368FE03" box="[666,777,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liturata">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B2CDFE185368FE03" box="[666,777,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">P. liturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in
<collectingCountry id="F37C42D45510FFB3B32DFE175385FE03" box="[890,996,439,465]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Australia</collectingCountry>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B3B9FE1754F4FE03" baseAuthorityName="Lundblad" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[1006,1173,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halei">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B3B9FE1754F4FE03" box="[1006,1173,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Paraplea halei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be restricted to southeastern
<collectingCountry id="F37C42D45510FFB3B111FE7B51D1FE27" box="[326,432,475,501]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Australia</collectingCountry>
. It has been collected in
<collectingRegion id="49AFCCA65510FFB3B293FE7B5340FE27" box="[708,801,475,501]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Victoria</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49AFCCA65510FFB3B37BFE7B53FBFE27" box="[812,922,475,501]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
, southern
<collectingRegion id="49AFCCA65510FFB3B45BFE7C54B5FE27" box="[1036,1236,475,502]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
and the southeast region of
<collectingRegion id="49AFCCA65510FFB3B152FE5F51D6FDCB" box="[261,439,511,537]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">South Australia</collectingRegion>
. These same areas also coincide with a portion of the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B4E8FDA05547FDCB" baseAuthorityName="Kirkaldy" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1215,1318,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunni">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B4E8FDA05547FDCB" box="[1215,1318,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">P. brunni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B563FE5F509CFDEF" authority="Cook, 2021" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B563FE5F509CFDEF" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Paraplea bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C632D5510FFB3B154FD835120FDEC" box="[259,321,547,574]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B154FD835158FDEF" bold="true" box="[259,313,547,573]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">n. sp</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is documented here from the
<typeStatus id="54D0BCE65510FFB3B2DDFD8452DBFDEC" box="[650,698,548,574]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">type</typeStatus>
locality in Northern
<collectingCountry id="F37C42D45510FFB3B3C8FD835467FDEF" box="[927,1030,547,573]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Australia</collectingCountry>
but this is most likely the specimens designated as
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B163FDE751A2FDB0" box="[308,451,583,610]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B163FDE751FDFDB3" box="[308,412,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Paraplea</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C632D5510FFB3B1F4FDE851A2FDB0" box="[419,451,584,610]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
nov. ANIC 1 by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA7FB55510FFB3B228FDE75368FDB3" author="Weir, T. A." box="[639,777,583,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" pagination="109 - 121" refId="ref5377" refString="Weir, T. A. (2017) Semi-aquatic and aquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha) of the AWC Pungalina-Seven Emu Sanctuary, Gulf Coastal Bioregion, Northern Territory. The Royal Geographical Society of Queensland Geography Monograph, 14, 109 - 121." type="journal article" year="2017">Weir (2017)</bibRefCitation>
, which would give it a wider distribution within the
<collectingRegion id="49AFCCA65510FFB3B505FDE75147FD57" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
. This region is also closely associated with the known distribution of
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B466FDCC54FEFD57" box="[1073,1183,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B466FDCC54FAFD57" baseAuthorityName="Kirkaldy" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1073,1179,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunni">P. brunni</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD402445510FFB3B090FD2F5161FC77" blockId="6.[151,1437,223,1150]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
The four species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B1F5FD2F5195FD7B" box="[418,500,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pleidae</taxonomicName>
that occur in
<collectingCountry id="F37C42D45510FFB3B2DDFD2F5290FD7B" box="[650,753,655,681]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Australia</collectingCountry>
are all in the genus
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B39AFD2F545DFD7B" box="[973,1084,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B39AFD2F5459FD7B" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="2021" box="[973,1080,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paraplea</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but their distributions and morphology are clearly different. Two species,
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B2D5FD14528BFD1F" baseAuthorityName="Kirkaldy" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[642,746,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunni">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B2D5FD14528BFD1F" box="[642,746,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">P. brunni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B375FD1453F2FD1F" box="[802,915,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liturata">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B375FD1453F2FD1F" box="[802,915,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">P. liturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, are widely distributed species, while
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B51FFD1455FDFD1F" baseAuthorityName="Lundblad" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[1352,1436,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halei">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B51FFD1455FDFD1F" box="[1352,1436,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">P. halei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B09FFD78512BFD23" authority="Cook, 2021" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="2021" box="[200,330,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B09FFD78512BFD23" box="[200,330,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">P. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B105FD7751F0FD23" bold="true" box="[338,401,727,753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C632D5510FFB3B105FD7751F0FD23" box="[338,401,727,753]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
appear to have somewhat more restricted distributions. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B4D6FD785565FD23" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="2021" box="[1153,1284,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B4D6FD785565FD23" box="[1153,1284,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">P. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
probably has a much wider distribution that also includes
<collectingRegion id="49AFCCA65510FFB3B2D8FD5C5336FCC7" box="[655,855,763,790]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49AFCCA65510FFB3B3D8FD5B5472FCC7" box="[911,1043,763,789]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Queensland</collectingRegion>
(Tom Weir communication). Morphologically,
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B178FC8051FFFCEB" box="[303,414,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liturata">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B178FC8051FFFCEB" box="[303,414,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">P. liturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is distinctly different from all other Australian species, being smaller and more globular in body shape.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B175FCE35197FC8F" authority="Cook, 2021" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="2021" box="[290,502,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B175FCE35197FC8F" box="[290,502,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Paraplea bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C632D5510FFB3B1ACFCE45257FC8C" box="[507,566,836,862]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B23DFCE452B1FC8F" baseAuthorityName="Kirkaldy" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[618,720,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunni">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B23DFCE452B1FC8F" box="[618,720,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">P. brunni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share a similar body shape, which is more elongated and tapered posteriorly in dorsal view.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B19CFCC75214FC53" baseAuthorityName="Lundblad" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[459,629,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halei">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B19CFCC75214FC53" box="[459,629,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Paraplea halei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also has an elongated body shape, although not as tapered posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="13501EC15510FFB3B0F7FC2B5092FC77" box="[160,243,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="7.[151,250,747,771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,723]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[151,1435,181,723]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 10. Dorsal view of species of Paraplea known from Australia (image of P. liturata in this plate is from a specimen from Thailand)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4929941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4929941/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD402445510FFB3B090FC0F55FBFBAF" blockId="6.[151,1437,223,1150]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
Published descriptions of the species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B2DCFC0F52BCFC1B" box="[651,733,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pleidae</taxonomicName>
occurring in
<collectingCountry id="F37C42D45510FFB3B324FC0F53BBFC1B" box="[883,986,943,969]" name="Australia" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Australia</collectingCountry>
provide sufficient information for comparisons of these species.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA7FB55510FFB3B1ECFC735218FC3F" author="Lundblad, O." box="[443,633,979,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" pagination="125 - 145" refId="ref5284" refString="Lundblad, O. (1933) Zur kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteran von Sumatra, Java und Bali. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 12, 125 - 145." type="journal article" year="1933">Lundblad (1933)</bibRefCitation>
provided a re-description of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B395FC745448FC3F" baseAuthorityName="Kirkaldy" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[962,1065,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunni">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B395FC745448FC3F" box="[962,1065,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">P. brunni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and a description of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B540FC74550AFC3F" baseAuthorityName="Lundblad" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[1303,1387,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halei">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B540FC74550AFC3F" box="[1303,1387,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">P. halei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that allow for the diagnosis of these species.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA7FB55510FFB3B202FC575308FBC3" author="Lansbury, I &amp; Lake, P. S." box="[597,873,1015,1041]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref5245" refString="Lansbury, I &amp; Lake, P. S. (2002) Tasmanian Aquatic and Semi-Aquatic Hemipterans. Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology. Identification and Ecology Guide, No. 40, 1 - 64." type="book chapter" year="2002">Lansbury &amp; Lake (2002)</bibRefCitation>
also provided characters to separate
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B556FC585532FBC3" baseAuthorityName="Lundblad" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[1281,1363,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halei">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B556FC585532FBC3" box="[1281,1363,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">P. halei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B5DFFC585083FBE7" baseAuthorityName="Kirkaldy" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunni">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B5DFFC585083FBE7" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">P. brunni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B0A7FBBB51D2FBE7" box="[240,435,1051,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liturata">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B0A7FBBB51D2FBE7" box="[240,435,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Paraplea liturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was poorly described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA7FB55510FFB3B285FBBB530DFBE7" author="Fieber, F. X." box="[722,876,1051,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" refId="ref5142" refString="Fieber, F. X. (1844) Entomologische Monographien. J. G. Calve'schen Buchhandlung, Leipzig, 138 pp." type="book" year="1844">Fieber (1844)</bibRefCitation>
but subsequent treatments of this species by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA7FB55510FFB3B531FBBC5149FB8B" author="Lundblad, O." pageId="6" pageNumber="87" pagination="125 - 145" refId="ref5284" refString="Lundblad, O. (1933) Zur kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteran von Sumatra, Java und Bali. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 12, 125 - 145." type="journal article" year="1933">Lundblad (1933)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA7FB55510FFB3B165FB9F5226FB8B" author="Andersen, N. M. &amp; Weir, T. A." box="[306,583,1087,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" pagination="304 - 308" refId="ref4956" refString="Andersen, N. M. &amp; Weir, T. A. (2004) Australian water bugs: their biology and identification (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha &amp; Nepomorpha). Entomonograph, 14, 304 - 308." type="journal article" year="2004">Andersen &amp; Weir (2004)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA7FB55510FFB3B22BFB9F5329FB8B" author="Cook, J. L. &amp; Sites R. W. &amp; Vitheepradit, A." box="[636,840,1087,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" pagination="35 - 68" refId="ref4996" refString="Cook, J. L., Sites R. W. &amp; Vitheepradit, A. (2020) The Pleidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) of Thailand, with descriptions of two new species and a discussion of the species from Southeast Asia. ZooKeys, 973, 35 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 973.54026" type="journal article" year="2020">
Cook
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B2E8FBE05296FB8B" box="[703,759,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
provide sufficient diagnostic characters to define this species. The description above of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B243FBC452F4FBAF" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="2021" box="[532,661,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B243FBC452F4FBAF" box="[532,661,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">P. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
completes the information needed to separate the Australian species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1452CC5510FFB3B0C0F82F53F2F822" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4929937" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4929937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4929937/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" startId="6.[151,250,1935,1959]" targetBox="[156,1435,1173,1912]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BD402445510FFB3B0C0F82F53F2F822" blockId="6.[151,1436,1935,2032]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B0C0F82F5173F875" bold="true" box="[151,274,1935,1959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
First gonapophysis of the ovipositor of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75510FFB3B2F2F82F5304F875" authority="Cook, 2021" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="2021" box="[677,869,1935,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565510FFB3B2F2F82F5304F875" box="[677,869,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="87">Paraplea bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C632D5510FFB3B33CF83053C0F875" box="[875,929,1936,1959]" pageId="6" pageNumber="87" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Teeth with numbers (1–8) are apical teeth; ventral teeth are designated with a V and their positional number; those with P, S, and T represent primary, secondary and tertiary teeth respectively. All other teeth are considered accessory teeth. Scale bar = 0.1.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1452CC5511FFB2B0C0FD4B5159FCFA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4929941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4929941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4929941/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="88" startId="7.[151,250,747,771]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,723]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BD402445511FFB2B0C0FD4B5159FCFA" blockId="7.[151,1437,747,808]" pageId="7" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565511FFB2B0C0FD4B5140FCD6" bold="true" box="[151,289,747,772]" pageId="7" pageNumber="88">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
Dorsal view of species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75511FFB2B262FD4C52F2FCD6" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="2021" box="[565,659,748,772]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565511FFB2B262FD4C52F2FCD6" box="[565,659,748,772]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="88">Paraplea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known from Australia (image of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75511FFB2B3BBFD4C5433FCD6" box="[1004,1106,748,772]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liturata">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565511FFB2B3BBFD4C5433FCD6" box="[1004,1106,748,772]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="88">P. liturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in this plate is from a specimen from Thailand).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1452CC5511FFB2B0C0F91B5159F92A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4929943" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4929943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4929943/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="88" startId="7.[151,250,1723,1747]" targetBox="[151,1427,832,1700]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BD402445511FFB2B0C0F91B5159F92A" blockId="7.[151,1437,1723,1784]" pageId="7" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565511FFB2B0C0F91B517EF901" bold="true" box="[151,287,1723,1747]" pageId="7" pageNumber="88">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
Lateral view of species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75511FFB2B260F91C52F4F906" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="2021" box="[567,661,1724,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565511FFB2B260F91C52F4F906" box="[567,661,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="88">Paraplea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known from Australia (image of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75511FFB2B3BAF91C5432F906" box="[1005,1107,1724,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liturata">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565511FFB2B3BAF91C5432F906" box="[1005,1107,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="88">P. liturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in this plate is from a specimen from Thailand).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD402445511FFBDB090F8865474FEB7" blockId="7.[151,1436,1830,2036]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,1041]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="7" pageNumber="88">
The dorsal aspect of the four species known to occur in
<collectingCountry id="F37C42D45511FFB2B363F88653FAF892" box="[820,923,1830,1856]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="88">Australia</collectingCountry>
allows for easy identification of these species (
<figureCitation id="13501EC15511FFB2B0F7F8EA5092F8B6" box="[160,243,1866,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="7.[151,250,747,771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,723]" captionTargetId="figure-15@7.[151,1435,181,723]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 10. Dorsal view of species of Paraplea known from Australia (image of P. liturata in this plate is from a specimen from Thailand)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4929941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4929941/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="88">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75511FFB2B150F8EA51ABF8B6" box="[263,458,1866,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liturata">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565511FFB2B150F8EA51ABF8B6" box="[263,458,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="88">Paraplea liturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only species with dark maculations on the pronotum, however
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA7FB55511FFB2B487F8EA55FDF8B6" author="Cook, J. L. &amp; Sites R. W. &amp; Vitheepradit, A." box="[1232,1436,1866,1892]" pageId="7" pageNumber="88" pagination="35 - 68" refId="ref4996" refString="Cook, J. L., Sites R. W. &amp; Vitheepradit, A. (2020) The Pleidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) of Thailand, with descriptions of two new species and a discussion of the species from Southeast Asia. ZooKeys, 973, 35 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 973.54026" type="journal article" year="2020">
Cook
<emphasis id="B91FDE565511FFB2B544F8EB552AF8B6" box="[1299,1355,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
found that about nine percent of specimens from
<collectingCountry id="F37C42D45511FFB2B293F8CE5349F85A" box="[708,808,1902,1928]" name="Thailand" pageId="7" pageNumber="88">Thailand</collectingCountry>
did not have the full complement of five spots and less than one percent had no spots. Still, having any dark maculations of the pronotum would suggest it is not one of the other three species.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75511FFB2B121F8165250F802" baseAuthorityName="Kirkaldy" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[374,561,1974,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunni">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565511FFB2B121F8165250F802" box="[374,561,1974,2000]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="88">Paraplea brunni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75511FFB2B23FF81752DDF802" baseAuthorityName="Lundblad" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[616,700,1974,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halei">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565511FFB2B23FF81752DDF802" box="[616,700,1974,2000]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="88">P. halei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are the only Australian species without punctures in the center of the pronotum. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C75511FFB2B1E4F87B527AF826" baseAuthorityName="Kirkaldy" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[435,539,2010,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunni">
<emphasis id="B91FDE565511FFB2B1E4F87B527AF826" box="[435,539,2010,2036]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="88">P. brunni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has hemelytral punctures that are clearly marked by dark maculations. Similar dark punctures of the hemelytra also occur in
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB2CDFF37537AFF63" authority="Cook, 2021" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="2021" box="[666,795,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB2CDFF37537AFF63" box="[666,795,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">P. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB375FF375300FF63" bold="true" box="[802,865,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C632D551EFFBDB375FF375300FF63" box="[802,865,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, but the scutellum is much different between these species.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB0A1FF1B51AAFF07" authority="Cook, 2021" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="2021" box="[246,459,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB0A1FF1B51AAFF07" box="[246,459,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Paraplea bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB185FF1B5270FF07" bold="true" box="[466,529,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C632D551EFFBDB185FF1B5270FF07" box="[466,529,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has a rough textured scutellum where punctures are not visible, while the scutellum of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB0BDFF7F5130FF2B" baseAuthorityName="Kirkaldy" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[234,337,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunni">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB0BDFF7F5130FF2B" box="[234,337,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">P. brunni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is relatively smooth, which only a few large easily seen punctures.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB419FF7F5497FF2B" baseAuthorityName="Lundblad" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[1102,1270,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halei">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB419FF7F5497FF2B" box="[1102,1270,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Paraplea halei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily separated from all other Australian species by its lack of a claval suture. The most recognizable distinguishing character of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB0E2FE875156FE93" authority="Cook, 2021" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="2021" box="[181,311,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB0E2FE875156FE93" box="[181,311,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">P. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB16AFE87511DFE93" bold="true" box="[317,380,295,321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C632D551EFFBDB16AFE87511DFE93" box="[317,380,295,321]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
in dorsal view is the above-mentioned pronotal morphology with many small, densely packed punctures and a scutellum that is somewhat rugose and lacks distinct punctures.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD40244551EFFBDB090FECF5229FD57" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
While color characteristics are not sufficient to separate all species of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB39DFECF5453FE5B" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="2021" box="[970,1074,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB39DFECF5453FE5B" box="[970,1074,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Paraplea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the Australian species can often quickly be identified by consistent color differences (
<figureCitation id="13501EC1551EFFBDB2A6FE335322FE7F" box="[753,835,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1723,1747]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,832,1700]" captionTargetId="figure-42@7.[151,1435,832,1700]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 11. Lateral view of species of Paraplea known from Australia (image of P. liturata in this plate is from a specimen from Thailand)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4929943" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4929943/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Two species,
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB3A6FE335439FE7F" baseAuthorityName="Kirkaldy" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1009,1112,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunni">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB3A6FE335439FE7F" box="[1009,1112,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">P. brunni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB4D8FE335573FE7F" authority="Cook, 2021" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="2021" box="[1167,1298,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB4D8FE335573FE7F" box="[1167,1298,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">P. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB54EFE335539FE7F" bold="true" box="[1305,1368,403,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C632D551EFFBDB54EFE335539FE7F" box="[1305,1368,403,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, have punctures on the hemelytra surrounded by dark maculations that are never found on
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB416FE1754F2FE03" baseAuthorityName="Lundblad" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[1089,1171,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halei">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB416FE1754F2FE03" box="[1089,1171,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">P. halei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB4EFFE175546FE03" box="[1208,1319,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liturata">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB4EFFE175546FE03" box="[1208,1319,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">P. liturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB563FE17509CFE27" authority="Cook, 2021" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB563FE17509CFE27" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Paraplea bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB152FE7B5124FE27" bold="true" box="[261,325,475,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C632D551EFFBDB152FE7B5124FE27" box="[261,325,475,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has a body that is not shiny and is a uniform light tan color, except for the maculation associated with hemelytral punctures.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB19DFE5F52E5FDCB" baseAuthorityName="Kirkaldy" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[458,644,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunni">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB19DFE5F52E5FDCB" box="[458,644,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Paraplea brunni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a shiny body with areas of light and dark, and distinct honeycomb patterns.
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB0A8FD8351C6FDEF" baseAuthorityName="Lundblad" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[255,423,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halei">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB0A8FD8351C6FDEF" box="[255,423,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Paraplea halei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a consistent brown base color with tan honeycombing throughout much of the lateral and dorsal aspects. Besides the pronotal maculations discussed above,
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB3E0FDE75446FDB3" box="[951,1063,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liturata">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB3E0FDE75446FDB3" box="[951,1063,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">P. liturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
usually has light and dark bands on the lateral portion of the hemelytra.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD40244551EFFBDB090FD2F52A5FBC3" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
All of the Australian
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB1FAFD2F5274FD7B" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="2021" box="[429,533,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB1FAFD2F5274FD7B" box="[429,533,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Paraplea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have relative modern descriptions that will allow for their identification, although there are important taxonomic characters that are still missing from some of these descriptions. The most important of these has been our lack of knowledge of the ovipositor in
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB31EFD7753D1FD23" baseAuthorityName="Kirkaldy" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[841,944,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunni">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB31EFD7753D1FD23" box="[841,944,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">P. brunni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB3BFFD77545CFD23" baseAuthorityName="Lundblad" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[1000,1085,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halei">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB3BFFD77545CFD23" box="[1000,1085,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">P. halei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA7FB5551EFFBDB41BFD775568FD23" author="Lundblad, O." box="[1100,1289,727,753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="125 - 145" refId="ref5284" refString="Lundblad, O. (1933) Zur kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteran von Sumatra, Java und Bali. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 12, 125 - 145." type="journal article" year="1933">Lundblad (1933)</bibRefCitation>
included the first description of the ovipositor of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB265FD5B52C3FCC7" box="[562,674,763,789]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liturata">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB265FD5B52C3FCC7" box="[562,674,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">P. liturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on specimens from Java. Lundblad’s figure of the ovipositor is nearly identical to the ovipositor from
<collectingCountry id="F37C42D4551EFFBDB236FCBF52A4FCEB" box="[609,709,799,825]" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Thailand</collectingCountry>
shown by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA7FB5551EFFBDB368FCBF5471FCEB" author="Cook, J. L. &amp; Sites R. W. &amp; Vitheepradit, A." box="[831,1040,799,825]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="35 - 68" refId="ref4996" refString="Cook, J. L., Sites R. W. &amp; Vitheepradit, A. (2020) The Pleidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) of Thailand, with descriptions of two new species and a discussion of the species from Southeast Asia. ZooKeys, 973, 35 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 973.54026" type="journal article" year="2020">
Cook
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB3D4FCBF53DAFCEB" box="[899,955,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">et al.</emphasis>
(2020)
</bibRefCitation>
. The ovipositor in
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB4B5FCBF5530FCEB" box="[1250,1361,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liturata">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB4B5FCBF5530FCEB" box="[1250,1361,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">P. liturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinctive in having four long ventral hairs as well as a uniform series of apical, primary, and secondary teeth of the gonapophysis of the ovipositor. The ovipositor of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB293FCC7534BFC53" baseAuthorityName="Kirkaldy" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[708,810,871,897]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunni">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB293FCC7534BFC53" box="[708,810,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">P. brunni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not included in the description by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA7FB5551EFFBDB4B7FCC755FDFC53" author="Lundblad, O." box="[1248,1436,871,897]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="125 - 145" refId="ref5284" refString="Lundblad, O. (1933) Zur kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteran von Sumatra, Java und Bali. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 12, 125 - 145." type="journal article" year="1933">Lundblad (1933)</bibRefCitation>
but is now shown in
<figureCitation id="13501EC1551EFFBDB12AFC2B518AFC77" box="[381,491,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1945,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,1065,1922]" captionTargetId="figure-468@8.[151,1436,1065,1922]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 12. First gonapophysis of the ovipositor of Paraplea brunni. Teeth with numbers (1–6) are apical teeth; ventral teeth are designated with a V and their positional number; those with P, S, and T represent primary, secondary and tertiary teeth respectively. Scale bar = 0.1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4929945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4929945/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Figure 12</figureCitation>
, drawn from specimens examined during the present study. This ovipositor is similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB152FC0F51E6FC1B" authority="Cook, 2021" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="2021" box="[261,391,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB152FC0F51E6FC1B" box="[261,391,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">P. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C632D551EFFBDB1D9FC0F51AAFC1B" box="[398,459,943,969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
but is both larger and has fewer teeth. The ovipositor of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB419FC0F54C3FC1B" baseAuthorityName="Lundblad" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[1102,1186,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halei">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB419FC0F54C3FC1B" box="[1102,1186,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">P. halei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains unknown. Its characters were not in included in the original description by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA7FB5551EFFBDB313FC735460FC3F" author="Lundblad, O." box="[836,1025,979,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" pagination="125 - 145" refId="ref5284" refString="Lundblad, O. (1933) Zur kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteran von Sumatra, Java und Bali. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 12, 125 - 145." type="journal article" year="1933">Lundblad (1933)</bibRefCitation>
and the ovipositor was not visible in the
<specimenCount id="9D6DC9CD551EFFBDB097FC575107FBC3" box="[192,358,1015,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
available for the present study.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1452CC551EFFBDB0C0F83951C9F828" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4929945" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4929945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4929945/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" startId="8.[151,250,1945,1969]" targetBox="[151,1433,1065,1922]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BD40244551EFFBDB0C0F83951C9F828" blockId="8.[151,1436,1945,2042]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB0C0F8395141F860" bold="true" box="[151,288,1945,1970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
First gonapophysis of the ovipositor of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551EFFBDB2E1F83A533EF860" baseAuthorityName="Kirkaldy" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[694,863,1946,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunni">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551EFFBDB2E1F83A533EF860" box="[694,863,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="89">Paraplea brunni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Teeth with numbers (1–6) are apical teeth; ventral teeth are designated with a V and their positional number; those with P, S, and T represent primary, secondary and tertiary teeth respectively. Scale bar = 0.1.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD40244551FFFBCB0C0FF3752E4FF63" blockId="9.[151,645,151,178]" box="[151,645,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
<heading id="D09CB528551FFFBCB0C0FF3752E4FF63" bold="true" box="[151,645,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551FFFBCB0C0FF3752E4FF63" bold="true" box="[151,645,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
Key to the species
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551FFFBCB12AFF37518BFF60" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="2021" box="[381,490,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551FFFBCB12AFF37518BFF60" bold="true" box="[381,490,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Paraplea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of
<collectingCountry id="F37C42D4551FFFBCB247FF3752E4FF63" box="[528,645,151,177]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Australia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD40244551FFFBCB0C0FF7F536DFE93" blockId="9.[151,1436,223,322]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
This key can be used to identify both male and female specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551FFFBCB3C7FF7F5399FF2B" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="2021" box="[912,1016,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551FFFBCB3C7FF7F5399FF2B" box="[912,1016,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Paraplea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F37C42D4551FFFBCB46DFF7F54C5FF2B" box="[1082,1188,223,249]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Additional characters from descriptions by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA7FB5551FFFBCB1DEFEA35228FECF" author="Lundblad, O." box="[393,585,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="125 - 145" refId="ref5284" refString="Lundblad, O. (1933) Zur kenntnis der aquatilen und semiaquatilen Hemipteran von Sumatra, Java und Bali. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie, Supplement 12, 125 - 145." type="journal article" year="1933">Lundblad (1933)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA7FB5551FFFBCB201FEA35312FECF" author="Lansbury, I &amp; Lake, P. S." box="[598,883,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref5245" refString="Lansbury, I &amp; Lake, P. S. (2002) Tasmanian Aquatic and Semi-Aquatic Hemipterans. Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology. Identification and Ecology Guide, No. 40, 1 - 64." type="book chapter" year="2002">Lansbury &amp; Lake (2002)</bibRefCitation>
, Anderson &amp; Weir (2004),
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA7FB5551FFFBCB4F0FEA35509FECF" author="Cook, J. L. &amp; Sites R. W. &amp; Vitheepradit, A." box="[1191,1384,259,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" pagination="35 - 68" refId="ref4996" refString="Cook, J. L., Sites R. W. &amp; Vitheepradit, A. (2020) The Pleidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) of Thailand, with descriptions of two new species and a discussion of the species from Southeast Asia. ZooKeys, 973, 35 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 973.54026" type="journal article" year="2020">
Cook
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551FFFBCB4BBFEA45544FECF" box="[1260,1317,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">et al.</emphasis>
2020
</bibRefCitation>
, and the present paper can be used to confirm identifications.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37151CF551FFFBCB0C0FECC55FDFD9C" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" type="key">
<keyStep id="309F1AE1551FFFBCB0C0FECC55FDFE4D" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
<paragraph id="8BD40244551FFFBCB0C0FECC55FCFE50" blockId="9.[151,1437,364,591]" box="[151,1437,364,386]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
<keyLead id="309AA171551FFFBCB0C0FECC55FCFE50" box="[151,1437,364,386]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
1. Abdominal keel bifurcated (
<figureCitation id="13501EC1551FFFBCB1A7FECC5248FE50" box="[496,553,364,386]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 &amp; 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1202,1226]" captionTargetBox="[168,1419,181,1172]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[168,1419,181,1178]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5 &amp; 6. Paraplea bifurcata n. sp. (5) ventral view of abdomen with bifurcated keel on first four abdominal segments, (6) profile of keel with prothoracic segment at top and fourth abdominal segment at bottom." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4929933" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4929933/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) (
<collectingRegion id="49AFCCA6551FFFBCB26AFECC5293FE50" box="[573,754,364,386]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
).........................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551FFFBCB4A3FECD5502FE53" authority="Cook, 2021" authorityName="Cook" authorityYear="2021" box="[1268,1379,364,386]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifurcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551FFFBCB4A3FECD5502FE53" box="[1268,1379,364,386]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">P. bifurcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22C632D551FFFBCB53EFECD55FCFE50" box="[1385,1437,365,386]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD40244551FFFBCB0CAFE2A55FDFE4D" blockId="9.[151,1437,364,591]" box="[157,1436,393,415]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
<keyLead id="309AA171551FFFBCB0CAFE2A55FDFE4D" box="[157,1436,393,415]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">- Abdominal keel ending in a blunt point................................................................... 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309F1AE1551FFFBCB0C0FE0755FDFE0B" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
<paragraph id="8BD40244551FFFBCB0C0FE0755FDFE6E" blockId="9.[151,1437,364,591]" box="[151,1436,423,445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
<keyLead id="309AA171551FFFBCB0C0FE0755FDFE6E" box="[151,1436,423,445]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
2. Without claval suture (southeastern
<collectingCountry id="F37C42D4551FFFBCB26DFE0752F5FE6F" box="[570,660,423,445]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Australia</collectingCountry>
).........................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551FFFBCB502FE0755FDFE6E" ID-CoL="4D8YS" baseAuthorityName="Lundblad" baseAuthorityYear="1933" box="[1365,1436,423,444]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halei">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551FFFBCB502FE0755FDFE6E" box="[1365,1436,423,444]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">P. halei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD40244551FFFBCB0CAFE6555FDFE0B" blockId="9.[151,1437,364,591]" box="[157,1436,452,474]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
<keyLead id="309AA171551FFFBCB0CAFE6555FDFE0B" box="[157,1436,452,474]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">- With claval suture.................................................................................... 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="309F1AE1551FFFBCB0C0FE4255FDFD9C" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
<paragraph id="8BD40244551FFFBCB0C0FE4255FDFDC6" blockId="9.[151,1437,364,591]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
<keyLead id="309AA171551FFFBCB0C0FE4255FDFDC6" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
3. Pronotum with punctures throughout, usually with five dark spots on pronotum, hemelytra usually with banding but without dark punctures (
<collectingRegion id="49AFCCA6551FFFBCB12BFE5F524EFDC7" box="[380,559,511,533]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49AFCCA6551FFFBCB20AFE5F5369FDC7" box="[605,776,511,533]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
as well as widespread in regions outside
<collectingCountry id="F37C42D4551FFFBCB4C3FE5F548FFDC7" box="[1172,1262,511,533]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Australia</collectingCountry>
).....
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551FFFBCB56AFE5F55FDFDC6" ID-CoL="4D8YV" box="[1341,1436,511,532]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="liturata">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551FFFBCB56AFE5F55FDFDC6" box="[1341,1436,511,532]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">P. liturata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD40244551FFFBCB0CAFDBD55FDFD9C" blockId="9.[151,1437,364,591]" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
<keyLead id="309AA171551FFFBCB0CAFDBD55FDFD9C" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">
- Pronotum without punctures medially, without dark spots on pronotum but pronotum may be dark with light honeycombing, hemelytra without banding but with dark spots at the center of each puncture (widespread within
<collectingCountry id="F37C42D4551FFFBCB4D1FD9954BFFD9D" box="[1158,1246,569,591]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">Australia</collectingCountry>
only)...
<taxonomicName id="4C6B79C7551FFFBCB512FD9A55FDFD9C" ID-CoL="4D8YM" baseAuthorityName="Kirkaldy" baseAuthorityYear="1898" box="[1349,1436,569,591]" class="Insecta" family="Pleidae" genus="Paraplea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunni">
<emphasis id="B91FDE56551FFFBCB512FD9A55FDFD9C" box="[1349,1436,569,591]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="90">P. brunni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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