196 lines
22 KiB
XML
196 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="FB9D03E89595C089AECD614A14CC44A5" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFFE7F60E8C633CABFCCDFB5B" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Myonycteris relicta Bergmans 1980" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="94" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="93" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F873ECD1D2D5C90294B9BEE21FE6D6CE">
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<mods:title id="2F05CA2D1D38F3E2B1E8DF2BE0E752E0">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F038425724CA1B0EB1F4FC92D539A653" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8357A99B36C237FA6EC9E3610936608B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="F907303629A77FEFCA8822ABEA990D43">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="A0103017D6DFDE7F3E614E5314AD4E0F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6969F4A41993837229B88DD446B68422">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8501C9AC277C3EF8D7730774D956C793">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="686B34E3422D40CBB497EC26927BFDD4">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="D3E96504724ED6D8731060B0E4DE103A" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="3AB1FCFA0D6D700A6C5A838F349ACF61">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="A277195F296FD35A5A7F8DDACB5BE497">
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<mods:placeTerm id="0C54AEA9D064EC4A61C1194BD1E88DC6">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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<mods:titleInfo id="7EC6F66B55A3D35075C55B5EF170974B">
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<mods:title id="DB92130D19FF4EEBBD33313378286D5E">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="E62D4EDC5998FC08C07F76C990D5923F">
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<mods:start id="E6566E0CB336F16962AA565B2A55EC7C">16</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="9349F1A31346004A9CB4B7160DD3C72A">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="63E113C9DC11BD711C3400A1359E3692" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6448815</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D5A832F6D006AE502A41AC00CDFE9C05" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFFE7F60E8C633CABFCCDFB5B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448947" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379320" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448947" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFE7F60E8C633CABFCCDFB5B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFE7F60E8C633CABFCCDFB5B" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F6098C633CABFA13F77E" box="[1405,1462,2231,2277]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F6098C633CABFA13F77E" blockId="35.[1403,2503,2231,2357]" box="[1405,1462,2231,2277]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFE7F6098C633CABFA13F77E" box="[1405,1462,2231,2277]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFE7F6098C633CABFA13F77E" box="[1405,1462,2231,2277]" captionStart="Plate 4: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="33.[122,152,3248,3269]" captionTargetBox="[14,2755,18,3663]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="50. Western Woermann’s Fruit Bat (Megaloglossus azagnyi), 51. Eastern Woermann’s Fruit Bat (Megaloglossus woermanni), 52. Angolan Soft-furred Fruit Bat (Lissonycteris angolensis), 53. Little Collared Fruit Bat (Myonycteris torquata), 54. Sao Tome Collared Fruit Bat (Myonycteris brachycephala), 55. Sierra Leone Collared Fruit Bat (Myonycteris leptodon), 56. Bergmans’s Collared Fruit Bat (Myonycteris relicta), 57. Broad-faced Fruit Bat (Plerotes anchietae), 58. Hammer-headed Fruit Bat (Hypsignathus monstrosus), 59. Franquet’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomops franqueti), 60. Buttikofer’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomops buettikoferi), 61. Veldkamp’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Nanonycteris veldkampr), 62. Gambian Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus gambianus), 63. Peters’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus erypturus), 64. Angolan Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus angolensis), 65. Little Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus labiatus), 66. Minor Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus minor), 67. Ansell’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus anselli), 68. Wahlberg's Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus wahlbergi), 69. Dobson’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus dobsonu), 70. Sanborn’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus grands), 71. Lesser Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus pusillus), 72. Hayman’s Epauletted Fruit Bat (Epomophorus intermedius)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448849/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">56.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F6098CD93CABF798F77E" box="[1479,2109,2231,2277]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F6098CD93CABF798F77E" blockId="35.[1403,2503,2231,2357]" box="[1479,2109,2231,2277]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFE7F6098CD93CABF798F77E" box="[1479,2109,2231,2277]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFE7F6098CD93CABF798F77E" ID-CoL="454ZG" authorityName="Bergmans" authorityYear="1980" box="[1479,2109,2231,2277]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Myonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relicta">Bergmans’s Collared Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F60981713CABF663F77E" box="[2159,2502,2231,2277]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F60981713CABF663F77E" blockId="35.[1403,2503,2231,2357]" box="[2159,2502,2231,2277]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFE7F60981713CABF663F77E" box="[2159,2502,2231,2277]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE7F60981713CABF663F77E" ID-CoL="454ZG" authorityName="Bergmans" authorityYear="1980" box="[2159,2502,2231,2277]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Myonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relicta">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE7F60981713CABF663F77E" box="[2159,2502,2231,2277]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Myonycteris relicta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F6098C623CEBF87AF6AF" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F6098C623CEBF667F697" blockId="35.[1403,2503,2231,2357]" box="[1404,2498,2295,2316]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFE7F6098C623CEBF667F697" box="[1404,2498,2295,2316]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE7F6098C623CEBFA6DF697" bold="true" box="[1404,1480,2295,2316]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFE7F6098CCC3CEBF91EF697" ID-CoL="454ZG" authorityName="Bergmans" authorityYear="1980" box="[1490,1723,2295,2316]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Myonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relicta">Myonyctére est-africain</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE7F6098FCF3CEBF889F697" bold="true" box="[1745,1836,2295,2316]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFE7F6098E283CEBF7E2F697" ID-CoL="454ZG" authorityName="Bergmans" authorityYear="1980" box="[1846,2119,2295,2316]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Myonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relicta">Relikt-Halskrausenflughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE7F60981423CEBF712F697" bold="true" box="[2140,2231,2295,2316]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFE7F60981DF3CEBF667F697" ID-CoL="454ZG" authorityName="Bergmans" authorityYear="1980" box="[2241,2498,2295,2316]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Myonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relicta">Myonicterio de Bergmans</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F6098C623D03F87AF6AF" blockId="35.[1403,2503,2231,2357]" box="[1404,2015,2335,2356]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFE7F6098C623D03F87AF6AF" box="[1404,2015,2335,2356]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE7F6098C623D03F9D6F6AF" bold="true" box="[1404,1651,2335,2356]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFE7F6098F603D03F87AF6AF" ID-CoL="454ZG" authorityName="Bergmans" authorityYear="1980" box="[1662,2015,2335,2356]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Myonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relicta">East African Little Collared Fruit Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F6098EFF3D78F78EF632" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F6098EFF3D78F78EF632" blockId="35.[2017,2612,2404,2828]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE7F6098EFF3D78F7D8F61A" bold="true" box="[2017,2173,2404,2433]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFE7F609818B3D78F783F632" ID-CoL="454ZG" authority="Bergmans, 1980" authorityName="Bergmans" authorityYear="1980" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Myonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="relicta">Myonycteris relicta Bergmans, 1980</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F60981263D8CF638F64B" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F60981263D8CF638F64B" blockId="35.[2017,2612,2404,2828]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFE7F60981263D8CF638F64B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391450" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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Mukanda River, LLukore area, Shimba Hills, Coast Province,
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE7F609805F3DABF63CF64B" box="[2369,2457,2487,2512]" name="Kenya" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F6098EFC3DCBF6E8F663" box="[2018,2381,2519,2552]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F6098EFC3DCBF6E8F663" blockId="35.[2017,2612,2404,2828]" box="[2018,2381,2519,2552]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">This species is monotypic.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F6098EFF3DE2F741F525" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="multiple">
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<caption id="DF7B6664FFE7F6098EFF3DE2F741F525" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803698" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803698" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803698/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" startId="35.[2017,2190,2558,2591]" targetBox="[1402,1995,2415,2830]" targetPageId="35">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F6098EFF3DE2F741F525" blockId="35.[2017,2612,2404,2828]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE7F6098EFF3DE2F737F584" bold="true" box="[2017,2194,2558,2591]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE7F60981823DE2F757F584" box="[2204,2290,2558,2591]" name="Kenya" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Kenya</collectingCountry>
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(Shimba Hills),
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE7F60980C73DE2F7A8F5DC" name="Tanzania" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
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(Nguru and Usambara Mts),
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE7F60980A73E36F7A0F5F5" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
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, C
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE7F60981533E4DF6A1F5F5" box="[2125,2308,2641,2670]" name="Mozambique" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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(Chinizuia Forest), and E
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE7F60981573E65F77CF50D" box="[2121,2265,2681,2710]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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(confluence of Haroni and Rusitu rivers).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE7F60E8EFC3ED8FBFAFDEA" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE7F60E8EFC3ED8FBFAFDEA" blockId="35.[2017,2612,2404,2828]" lastBlockId="36.[165,1374,276,1220]" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE7F6098EFC3ED8F6A0F57E" bold="true" box="[2018,2309,2756,2789]" pageId="35" pageNumber="93">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE7F609831F3ED8F7FBF497" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" metricValueMax="1.15" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="102.5" valueMax="115.0" valueMin="90.0">90- 115 mm</quantity>
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, tail
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE7F60981AE3EF7F698F497" box="[2224,2365,2795,2828]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="5.0">5-14 mm</quantity>
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, ear
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE7F609808F3EF7F588F497" box="[2449,2605,2795,2828]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="18.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="17.0">17-20 mm</quantity>
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, hindfoot
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE7F6098F173F0FF931F4AF" box="[1545,1684,2835,2868]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="15.5" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="9.0">9-22 mm</quantity>
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, forearm
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE7F6098E343F0FF863F4AF" box="[1834,1990,2835,2868]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="70.0" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="65.0">65-75 mm</quantity>
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; weight
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||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE7F60981583F0FF71FF4AF" box="[2118,2234,2835,2868]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.1" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" unit="g" value="51.0" valueMax="54.0" valueMin="48.0">48-54 g</quantity>
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. Head of Bergman's Collared Fruit Bat has no markings, muzzle is relatively long, and lips are rather thick, with limitedly expansible. Eyes are large; irises are chestnut-brown, with slight greenish tinge. Ears are moderately long and dark brown, with thick margins; tips are roundly attenuated, with c.10 transverse grooves; antitragal lobe moderate and angular; and there are no basal ear patches. Adult males lack epaulettes and mantle, but wide ruff ofstiff hairs is present. Dorsum is pale to medium reddish brown; hairs are pale pinkish brown at bases and reddish brown at tips. Pelage is dense, woollier on head, and mid-dorsally
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE7F6098EBC3853F7BBF3EB" box="[1954,2078,3151,3184]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="7.0">7-8 mm</quantity>
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, extending halfway along forearm. Venter is pinkish brown, with hairs having slightly darker bases and 3-5-
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE7F60980B5386AF5A0F30C" box="[2475,2565,3190,3223]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; in adult males, ruff on chin, throat, and upper chest extends to shoulders and consists of relatively coarse pale orange to pale orange-brown hairs. Wings have claw on second digits; membranes are dark brown, sparsely covered in hairs near legs only and not reaching ankle, and attach to middle offirst phalanx of second toes; toes are slightly webbed; and calcar is ¢.
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE7F6098EDE3920F7B0F2C6" box="[1984,2069,3388,3421]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="35" pageNumber="93" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Skull is short and delicate; rostrum is medium long; cranial axis is deflected; premaxillae are slender and fused anteriorly; zygomatic arches are slender and curved down; postorbital processes are well developed but slender; braincase is smooth, deep, and domed; temporal lines are distinct but not forming sagittal crest; and supraoccipital crest is low. Bony palate is concave; post-dental palate is straight, weakly converging backward. There are 6-7 thick palatal ridges, ridges 1-3 are undivided, and ridges 4-6 (or 7) are divided by small medial notch. Mandible is delicate. Dental formula is I 2/2, C1/1,P 3/3, M 2/2 (x2) = 32. Dentition is comparatively strong; upper incisors are minute; C' is short; posterior upper premolar and anterior molar are oblong and subrectangular in occlusal view; and M* and M, are reduced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE0F60E89B6366BFCF7FD7C" pageId="36" pageNumber="94" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE0F60E89B6366BFCF7FD7C" blockId="36.[165,1374,276,1220]" pageId="36" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE0F60E89B6366BFEB2FD03" bold="true" box="[168,279,631,664]" pageId="36" pageNumber="94">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
East African Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal mosaic in lowland forest patches or undifferentiated Afromontane vegetation bordering on East African Zanzibar-Inhambane coastal mosaic at elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFE0F60E8BBB36DAFCEAFD7C" box="[677,847,710,743]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.26" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="1.52" pageId="36" pageNumber="94" unit="m" value="726.0" valueMax="1300.0" valueMin="152.0">152-1300 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE0F60E89B936F1FD39FC95" box="[167,668,749,782]" pageId="36" pageNumber="94" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE0F60E89B936F1FD39FC95" blockId="36.[165,1374,276,1220]" box="[167,668,749,782]" pageId="36" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE0F60E89B936F1FE08FC95" bold="true" box="[167,429,749,782]" pageId="36" pageNumber="94">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE0F60E89B93709FBF7FC1E" pageId="36" pageNumber="94" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE0F60E89B93709FBF7FC1E" blockId="36.[165,1374,276,1220]" pageId="36" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE0F60E89B93709FE8BFCAD" bold="true" box="[167,302,789,822]" pageId="36" pageNumber="94">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
A pregnant Bergman's Collared Fruit Bat was recorded in November and a lactating female and two subadult specimens in February in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFE0F60E8AE73720FBDFFCC6" box="[1017,1146,828,861]" name="Tanzania" pageId="36" pageNumber="94">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
; another Tanzanian female was parous with large teats but not lactating in August.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE0F60E89B83797FD25FC37" box="[166,640,907,940]" pageId="36" pageNumber="94" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE0F60E89B83797FD25FC37" blockId="36.[165,1374,276,1220]" box="[166,640,907,940]" pageId="36" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE0F60E89B83797FE34FC37" bold="true" box="[166,401,907,940]" pageId="36" pageNumber="94">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE0F60E89B937AFFBF1FC4F" box="[167,1108,947,980]" pageId="36" pageNumber="94" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE0F60E89B937AFFBF1FC4F" blockId="36.[165,1374,276,1220]" box="[167,1108,947,980]" pageId="36" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE0F60E89B937AFFCC0FC4F" bold="true" box="[167,869,947,980]" pageId="36" pageNumber="94">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE0F60E89B637C6FCB3FBEA" pageId="36" pageNumber="94" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE0F60E89B637C6FCB3FBEA" blockId="36.[165,1374,276,1220]" pageId="36" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE0F60E89B637C6FDA4FC60" bold="true" box="[168,513,986,1019]" pageId="36" pageNumber="94">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. Despite loss of lowland forests, there is too little evidence to assign Bergman's Collared Fruit Bat to a higher conservation category. Major threats include logging of forests for firewood and conversion of forests to agricultural use.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFE0F60E89B6309CFCCDFB5B" pageId="36" pageNumber="94" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFE0F60E89B6309CFCCDFB5B" blockId="36.[165,1374,276,1220]" pageId="36" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFE0F60E89B6309CFEE4FB02" bold="true" box="[168,321,1152,1177]" pageId="36" pageNumber="94">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bergmans (1980, 1997), Monadjem, Taylor et al. (2010), Peterson et al. (1995), Stanley & Goodman (2011), Taylor (2013b, 2016e), Van Cakenberghe et al. (2017).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |