287 lines
36 KiB
XML
287 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="02F385C790055030E190F03410E74D45" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFFA5F6488C6B3D46FB03F7CB" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Pteropus dasymallus Temminck 1825" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="156" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="155" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:titleInfo id="207D4FAAA760A24452256AA541F006C5">
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<mods:title id="68B06AC868F8A1CA9522ED4114439649">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0D32F20C90E70C16A2B68F14F3796355">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6284AD2457E5EDEAE3171EA8CDA7F78F">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="BF70CFB8EB62265944DAC0C13758870C">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="192D9867C5D6B632D7459F41E7FC0978">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="79DF0B54F334832C8332044676C9A7D6">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="180CB57487F91566621ED4230D5A4079">
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<mods:title id="BB5A1A7AE99984613758A657A6CD45F9">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFFA5F6488C6B3D46FB03F7CB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6795019" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379380" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6795019" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFFA5F6488C6B3D46FB03F7CB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFFA5F6488C6B3D46FB03F7CB" lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F64B8C6B3D46FA60F613" box="[1397,1477,2394,2440]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8C6B3D46FA60F613" blockId="97.[1394,2581,2394,2558]" box="[1397,1477,2394,2440]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA5F64B8C6B3D46FA60F613" box="[1397,1477,2394,2440]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FFA5F64B8C6B3D46FA60F613" box="[1397,1477,2394,2440]" captionStart="Plate 11: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="97.[117,147,3321,3346]" captionTargetBox="[11,2741,16,3661]" captionTargetPageId="96" captionText="174. Livingstone’s Flying Fox (Pteropus livingstonii), 175. Pemba Flying Fox (Pleropus voeltzkowi), 176. Ryukyu Flying Fox (Pleropus dasymallus), 177. Bonin Flying Fox (Pteropus pselaphon), 178. Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox (Pleropus pumilus), 179. Lyle’s Flying Fox (Pteropus lylei), 180. Indian Flying Fox (Pleropus medius), 181. Rodrigues Flying Fox (Pteropus rodricensus), 182. Large Flying Fox (Pteropus vampyrus), 183. Aldabra Flying Fox (Pleropus aldabrensis), 184. Malagasy Flying Fox (Pteropus rufus), 185. Seychelles Flying Fox (Pleropus seychellensis), 186. Greater Mascarene Flying Fox (Pteropus niger), 187. Aru Flying Fox (Pteropus aruensis), 188. Kai Flying Fox (Pleropus keyensis), 189. Black-bearded Flying Fox (Pleropus melanopogon), 190. South Moluccan Flying Fox (Pteropus chrysoproctus), 191. North Moluccan Flying Fox (Pteropus caniceps)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448911/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">176.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F64B8CC83D46F8F2F613" box="[1494,1879,2394,2440]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8CC83D46F8F2F613" blockId="97.[1394,2581,2394,2558]" box="[1494,1879,2394,2440]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA5F64B8CC83D46F8F2F613" box="[1494,1879,2394,2440]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA5F64B8CC83D46F8F2F613" ID-CoL="4Q2Z8" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[1494,1879,2394,2440]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasymallus">Ryukyu Flying Fox</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F64B8E843D46F6A2F613" box="[1946,2311,2394,2440]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8E843D46F6A2F613" blockId="97.[1394,2581,2394,2558]" box="[1946,2311,2394,2440]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA5F64B8E843D46F6A2F613" box="[1946,2311,2394,2440]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B8E843D46F6A2F613" ID-CoL="4Q2Z8" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[1946,2311,2394,2440]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasymallus">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA5F64B8E843D46F6A2F613" box="[1946,2311,2394,2440]" italics="true" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Pteropus dasymallus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F64B8C6C3D86F71AF665" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8C6C3D86F699F634" blockId="97.[1394,2581,2394,2558]" box="[1394,2364,2458,2479]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA5F64B8C6C3D86F699F634" box="[1394,2364,2458,2479]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA5F64B8C6C3D86FA1BF634" bold="true" box="[1394,1470,2458,2479]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA5F64B8CD63D86F90DF634" ID-CoL="4Q2Z8" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[1480,1704,2458,2479]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasymallus">Roussette des Ryukyu</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA5F64B8FA33D86F8BDF634" bold="true" box="[1725,1816,2458,2479]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA5F64B8E3C3D86F86BF634" ID-CoL="4Q2Z8" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[1826,1998,2458,2479]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasymallus">Ryukyu-Flughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA5F64B8EFD3D86F79AF634" bold="true" box="[2019,2111,2458,2479]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA5F64B81593D86F699F634" ID-CoL="4Q2Z8" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[2119,2364,2458,2479]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasymallus">Zorro volador de Ryukyu</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8C6C3DDEF71AF665" blockId="97.[1394,2581,2394,2558]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<heading id="D0F38180FFA5F64B8C6C3DDEF71AF665" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA5F64B8C6C3DDEF9CCF64C" bold="true" box="[1394,1641,2498,2519]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA5F64B8F6D3DDEF604F64C" ID-CoL="4Q2Z8" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[1651,2465,2498,2519]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasymallus">Daito Flying Fox (daitoensis); Erabu Flying Fox (dasymallus); Formosan Flying Fox</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA5F64B80B53DDEF71AF665" ID-CoL="4Q2Z8" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasymallus">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA5F64B80B53DDEFA73F665" ID-CoL="4Q2Z8" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasymallus">Taiwanese Flying Fox</vernacularName>
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(
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA5F64B8CFB3DF5F9E6F665" ID-CoL="4Q2Z8" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[1509,1603,2537,2558]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasymallus">formosus</vernacularName>
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);
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA5F64B8F493DF5F951F665" ID-CoL="4Q2Z8" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[1623,1780,2537,2558]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasymallus">Orii's Flying Fox</vernacularName>
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(
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA5F64B8E1D3DF5F8CFF665" ID-CoL="4Q2Z8" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[1795,1898,2537,2558]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasymallus">inopinatus</vernacularName>
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);
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA5F64B8E643DF5F79BF665" ID-CoL="4Q2Z8" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[1914,2110,2537,2558]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasymallus">Yaeyama Flying Fox</vernacularName>
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(
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FFA5F64B81533DF5F71CF665" ID-CoL="4Q2Z8" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[2125,2233,2537,2558]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasymallus">yayeyamae</vernacularName>
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)
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F64B8EC83E2CF785F5EE" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8EC83E2CF785F5EE" blockId="97.[1391,2600,2614,3228]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA5F64B8EC83E2CF7D7F5D6" bold="true" box="[2006,2162,2608,2637]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B81603E2CF7B9F5EE" ID-CoL="4Q2Z8" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasymallus">Pteropus dasymallus Temminck, 1825</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F64B81323E48F5BCF570" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B81323E48F5BCF570" blockId="97.[1391,2600,2614,3228]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FFA5F64B81323E48F5BCF570" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391423" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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“Le
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA5F64B817E3E48F712F5EE" box="[2144,2231,2644,2677]" name="Japan" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Japon</collectingCountry>
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... les environs de Nangasaki et de Jedo.” Restricted by N. Kuroda in 1933 to “Kuchi-no-Erabu [Island], North Riu Kiu [= Ryukyu] Chain,”
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA5F64B80A03ED6F5B0F570" box="[2494,2581,2762,2795]" name="Japan" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Japan</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F64B8EC93EEEF65CF4A1" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8EC93EEEF65CF4A1" blockId="97.[1391,2600,2614,3228]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B8EC93EEEF778F488" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[2007,2269,2802,2835]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dasymallus">Pteropus dasymallus</taxonomicName>
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is in the
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B80723EEEF642F488" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[2412,2535,2802,2835]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="vampyrus">vampyrus</taxonomicName>
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species group. Five subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA5F6488EC93F5CFD72FDBE" lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" type="multiple">
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||
<caption id="DF7B6664FFA5F6488EC93F5CFD72FDBE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803880" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803880" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803880/files/figure.png" inLine="true" lastPageId="98" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" startId="97.[2007,2162,2880,2913]" targetBox="[1391,1983,2614,3028]" targetPageId="97">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8EC93F5CF6CDF4FA" blockId="97.[1391,2600,2614,3228]" box="[2007,2408,2880,2913]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
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||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA5F64B8EC93F5CF6CDF4FA" bold="true" box="[2007,2408,2880,2913]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8EC93F74F72AF464" blockId="97.[1391,2600,2614,3228]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B8EC93F74F607F412" authority="Temminck, 1825" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[2007,2466,2920,2953]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="dasymallus" subSpecies="dasymallus">P. d. dasymallus Temminck, 1825</taxonomicName>
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— Osumi and Tokara Is (Kuchinoerabujima, Kuchinoshima, Nakanojima, Suwanosejima, Tairajima, Akusekijima, Takarajima), N Ryukyu Is,
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA5F64B812A3FC2F72EF464" box="[2100,2187,3038,3071]" name="Japan" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Japan</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8C6F381AF584F3BC" blockId="97.[1391,2600,2614,3228]" box="[1393,2593,3078,3111]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B8C6F381AF954F3BC" authority="Kuroda, 1921" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1921" box="[1393,1777,3078,3111]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="dasymallus" subSpecies="daitoensis">P. d. daitoensis Kuroda, 1921</taxonomicName>
|
||
— Daito Is (Kita-Daito, Minami-Daitd), E Ryukyu Is,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA5F64B80DB381AF5B8F3BC" box="[2501,2589,3078,3111]" name="Japan" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B8C6F3831F9CCF307" blockId="97.[1391,2600,2614,3228]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B8C6F3831F947F3D5" authority="Sclater, 1873" authorityName="Sclater" authorityYear="1873" box="[1393,1762,3117,3150]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="dasymallus" subSpecies="formosus">P. d. formosus Sclater, 1873</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA5F64B8E173831F8CFF3D5" box="[1801,1898,3117,3150]" name="Taiwan" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Lutao, Lanyu, and Guishan Dao Is) and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA5F64B80D33831FA1EF3EE" name="Philippines" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Batan, Babuyan, Calayan, Dalupiri, Fuga, and Barit Is). Probably extinct on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA5F64B8C6F3867FA76F307" box="[1393,1491,3195,3228]" name="Taiwan" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
mainland.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7B6664FFA5F64B896B38E5FC76F213" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448911" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448911/files/figure.png" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" startId="97.[117,147,3321,3346]" targetBox="[11,2741,16,3661]" targetPageId="96">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA5F64B896B38E5FC76F213" blockId="97.[115,2550,3321,3469]" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">
|
||
On following pages: 177. Bonin Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B8B5238E5FC83F289" authorityName="Lay" authorityYear="1829" box="[588,806,3321,3346]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pselaphon">Pteropus pselaphon</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 178. Little Golden-mantled Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B8DFC38E5FA06F289" authorityName="G. S. Miller" authorityYear="1911" box="[1250,1443,3321,3346]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumilus">Pteropus pumilus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 179. Lyle's Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B8FB038E5F8E6F289" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1908" box="[1710,1859,3321,3346]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lylei">Pteropus lylei</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 180. Indian Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B814838E5F6B5F289" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1825" box="[2134,2320,3321,3346]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="medius">Pteropus medius</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 181. Rodrigues Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B89EF393DFE76F2A1" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[241,467,3361,3386]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rodricensis">Pteropus rodricensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 182. Large Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B8BFF393DFC10F2A1" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[737,949,3361,3386]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vampyrus">Pteropus vampyrus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 183. Aldabra Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B8DC6393DFA1BF2A1" authorityName="True" authorityYear="1893" box="[1240,1470,3361,3386]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aldabrensis">Pteropus aldabrensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 184. Malagasy Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B8FE6393DF83CF2A1" authorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" authorityYear="1803" box="[1784,1945,3361,3386]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufus">Pteropus rufus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 185.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA5F64B8EFB393DF7F2F2A1" box="[2021,2135,3361,3386]" name="Seychelles" pageId="97" pageNumber="155">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B81C0393DF67FF2A1" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[2270,2522,3361,3386]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seychellensis">Pteropus seychellensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 186. Greater Mascarene Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B8B1A3955FDC3F2F9" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[516,614,3401,3426]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pteropus</taxonomicName>
|
||
nigen; 187. Aru Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B8A8B3955FBFEF2F9" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[917,1115,3401,3426]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aruensis">Pteropus aruensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 188. Kai Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B8C523955F9B1F2F9" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[1356,1556,3401,3426]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="keyensis">Pteropus keyensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 189. Black-bearded Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B8E9F3955F725F2F9" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[1921,2176,3401,3426]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanopogon">Pteropus melanopogon</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 190. South Moluccan Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B8962396FFE25F213" authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1837" box="[124,384,3443,3464]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chrysoproctus">Pteropus chrysoproctus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 191. North Moluccan Flying Fox (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA5F64B8BE3396FFC6DF213" authorityName="J. E. Gray" authorityYear="1870" box="[765,968,3443,3464]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="97" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caniceps">Pteropus caniceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA6F64889BB350BFC5EFE13" blockId="98.[158,1378,279,2132]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA6F64889BB350BFD95FEA3" authority="Kuroda, 1933" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1933" box="[165,560,279,312]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="dasymallus" subSpecies="inopinatus">P. d. inopinatus Kuroda, 1933</taxonomicName>
|
||
— Anami and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA6F6488BEC350BFCC8FEA3" box="[754,877,279,312]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
Is (Okinawajima, Izenajima, Kourijima, Iejima, Minnajima, Ikeijima, Henzajima, Hamahigajima, Kudakajima, Agunijima, Iheyajima, Yoronjima, Tokasikijima), C Ryukyu Is,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA6F6488ABE357BFC52FE13" box="[928,1015,359,392]" name="Japan" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA6F64889BB3592FD72FDBE" blockId="98.[158,1378,279,2132]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA6F64889BB3592FDE5FE34" authority="Kuroda, 1933" authorityName="Kuroda" authorityYear="1933" box="[165,576,398,431]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="dasymallus" subSpecies="yayeyamae">P. d. yayeyamae Kuroda, 1933</taxonomicName>
|
||
— Miyako and Yaeyama Is (Ishigakijima, Iriomotejima, Kohamajima, Hatomajima, Taketomijima, Haterumajima, Kurojima, Yonagunijima, Aragusukujima, Taramajima, Irabujima, Miyakojima, Ikemajima, Ogamijima, Kurimajima, Shimonjijima), S Ryukyu Is,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA6F6488B623618FD76FDBE" box="[636,723,516,549]" name="Japan" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA6F64889BB362CFEFCFC43" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA6F64889BB362CFEFCFC43" blockId="98.[158,1378,279,2132]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA6F64889BB362CFE0DFDD6" bold="true" box="[165,424,560,589]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA6F6488B6C362CFC89FDD6" box="[626,812,560,589]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.075" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.85" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="207.5" valueMax="230.0" valueMin="185.0">185-230 mm</quantity>
|
||
(tailless), ear 16-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA6F6488D23362CFB62FDD6" box="[1085,1223,560,589]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="18.0" valueMax="28.0" valueMin="8.0">8-28 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindfoot
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA6F64889BB364FFE9AFDEF" box="[165,319,595,628]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="47.5" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="40.0">40-55 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm 123-9-148-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA6F6488B70364FFD62FDEF" box="[622,711,595,628]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; weight
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA6F6488A58364FFC7FFDEF" box="[838,986,595,628]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="6.62" metricValueMin="3.18" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" unit="g" value="490.0" valueMax="662.0" valueMin="318.0">318-662 g</quantity>
|
||
. Greatest lengths of skulls are 59-64-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA6F64888243666FE37FD00" box="[314,402,634,667]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The Ryukyu Flying Fox has dense fur, big eyes, and small pointed ears, partly hidden in fur. Muzzle is darker than head. Long woolly hair varies from yellow-brown over reddish brown to blackish. Collar is yellowish white to reddish yellow. Head and belly of subspecies daitoensis are cream-colored. Wing membranes are dark brown. Uropatagium is reduced to narrow membrane along inside of lower limbs. Skull has short pointed snout. Zygomatic arches are thin and not much curved outward. Upper incisors are wide. I, is much bigger than I. Lower premolars have basal edges. M* is oval and larger than M,. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 38 and FN = 72.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA6F64889BB37C1FB7CFC65" box="[165,1241,989,1022]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA6F64889BB37C1FB7CFC65" blockId="98.[158,1378,279,2132]" box="[165,1241,989,1022]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA6F64889BB37C1FEB1FC65" bold="true" box="[165,276,989,1022]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Subtropical and tropical dry forests, swamps, and some urban areas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA6F64889BB3019FD39FB06" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA6F64889BB3019FD39FB06" blockId="98.[158,1378,279,2132]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA6F64889BB3019FE10FBBD" bold="true" box="[165,437,1029,1062]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Ryukyu Flying Fox feeds on a variety of fruits, leaves, and nectar from at least 18 genera in forests, orchards, and urban areas. Consumption of insects was also observed. It is an important seed disperser (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA6F6488D433048FB42FBEE" box="[1117,1255,1108,1141]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Terminalia</taxonomicName>
|
||
catappa,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA6F64889B83060FED6FB06" box="[166,371,1148,1181]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Combretaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) over long distances.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA6F64889BB30BFFB7AFAA1" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA6F64889BB30BFFB7AFAA1" blockId="98.[158,1378,279,2132]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA6F64889BB30BFFE89FB5F" bold="true" box="[165,300,1187,1220]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Mating season of the Ryukyu Flying Fox is from November to earlyJanuary; copulation was also observed in September. Births take place in April-June. Females give birth to one young after gestation of 4-6 months. Birth weights are
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FFA6F6488DB130EEFAB8FA88" box="[1199,1309,1266,1299]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" unit="g" value="60.0" valueMax="70.0" valueMin="50.0">50-70 g</quantity>
|
||
. Recorded maximum life span is c.12 years in the wild and c.24 years in captivity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA6F64889BA315CFEBEFA29" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA6F64889BA315CFEBEFA29" blockId="98.[158,1378,279,2132]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA6F64889BA315CFE2AFAFA" bold="true" box="[164,399,1344,1377]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
The Ryukyu Flying Fox is crepuscular and nocturnal. It roosts during the day in dense forests hanging on branches of tall trees (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA6F6488D4F3174FB72FA12" box="[1105,1239,1384,1417]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" genus="Casuarina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Casuarina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFFA6F6488DF23174FEABFA29" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Casuarinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Casuarinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA6F64889B831ABFCD5F9D4" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA6F64889B831ABFCD5F9D4" blockId="98.[158,1378,279,2132]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA6F64889B831ABFCCDFA43" bold="true" box="[166,872,1463,1496]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Ryukyu Flying Fox rests alone or in small groups. It tends to form small groups during nocturnal foraging. Cultivated areas are visited more rarely than native habitats. It does not have strict territories, and home ranges are highly variable (average 52-5 ha).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA6F64889B83249FE2FF810" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA6F64889B83249FE2FF810" blockId="98.[158,1378,279,2132]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA6F64889B83249FDAFF9ED" bold="true" box="[166,522,1621,1654]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. On the Taiwanese mainland, subspecies formosus probably became extinct due hunting in the 1970s. Populations on other Taiwanese islands have also declined due to hunting and competition with Pallas’s Squirrels (Callosciurus erythraeus). On some
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA6F64889B832EEFE3BF888" box="[166,414,1778,1811]" name="Philippines" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Philippine islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,it is eaten as a delicacy. For subspecies in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F313767CFFA6F6488D1B32EEFBF9F888" box="[1029,1116,1778,1811]" name="Japan" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, deforestation for construction sites and agricultural land is the main threat. Other threats include illegal killing, typhoons, and predation by domestic/feral dogs and cats. Adaptation to urban areas 1s possible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FFA6F64889B93385FB03F7CB" pageId="98" pageNumber="156" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFFA6F64889B93385FB03F7CB" blockId="98.[158,1378,279,2132]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFFA6F64889B93385FEE5F829" bold="true" box="[167,320,1945,1970]" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Almeida et al. (2014), Andersen (1912b), Dobson (1878), Ingle & Heaney (1992), Kinjo & Nakamoto (2015), Kuroda (1921, 1933, 1939), Lee Yafu et al. (2009), Mickleburgh et al. (1992), Nakamoto et al. (2009, 2015), Osawa & Osawa (2013a, 2013b), Osawa et al. (2013), Simmons (2005), Smith & Xie Yan (2008), Temminck (1825),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFFA6F64888203C0CFE35F7B2" box="[318,400,2064,2089]" country="Japan" name="Toyama" pageId="98" pageNumber="156">Toyama</collectingRegion>
|
||
et al. (2012), Tsang (2015), Vincenot (2017a), Vincenot, Collazo & Russo (2017), Vincenot, Koyama & Russo (2015), Wang Yingxiang (2003), Yoshiyuki (1989), Zhang Jinshuo et al. (2010).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |