217 lines
26 KiB
XML
217 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="C66119AFAF3059E14A08CF0676D73884" ID-CLB-Dataset="88683" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6448815" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bbbf94d9-a910-4cda-97df-7eca124163ed" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6448815" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1635825784914" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03AD87FAFF8CF66289AF3C88F8ADFA36" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Pteropodidae_16.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Nesonycteris fardoulisi" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="130" masterDocId="FF94FF82FFC4F62A891E341CFFA5FF9B" masterDocTitle="Pteropodidae" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="16" pageNumber="130" updateTime="1719592658732" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:mods id="B4118857187D797A963E886FACE3FFA8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B401D73F787B22C32FB90AD35D4FDDAA">
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<mods:title id="CF8D9E7DFFF7685D11BD93431B6A124A">Pteropodidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="1E4DC710A5E6C58EC327F528572BF1D6" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="08504A7F4FFA06C0531DE8E994008239">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="68A2D0007CEC4EFD4DF13F4C6775CBC4">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="5D29F9E75AE7427185321843392717B4">2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="4CE171394609C10C5D517225D5A534E9" type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="06D967B0B6450DFB856DF94CA43F4820">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="AC35DF4E949D8B279774F3D067EF04CE">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="21364630153596A5A5C8E7FA0D07B679">
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<mods:title id="3E72F642DCEB211991FB6984E25EE89D">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:start id="53E321FEF97131F5DFC755F202A775A9">16</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="F30F651D3AA1950BEF9CE850C98A0CD5" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6448815</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F6E9B4914A1A44A6B8D6225465BB8DF3" type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AD87FAFF8CF66289AF3C88F8ADFA36" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6794691" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196379450" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6794691" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AD87FAFF8CF66289AF3C88F8ADFA36" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AD87FAFF8CF66289AF3C88F8ADFA36" lastPageNumber="130" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8CF66289AF3C88FEA4F75D" box="[177,257,2196,2246]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8CF66289AF3C88FEA4F75D" blockId="72.[172,1379,2027,2290]" box="[177,257,2196,2246]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF8CF66289AF3C88FEA4F75D" box="[177,257,2196,2246]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
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<figureCitation id="133F2A69FF8CF66289AF3C88FEA4F75D" box="[177,257,2196,2246]" captionStart="Plate 7: Pteropodidae" captionStartId="67.[120,150,3371,3392]" captionTargetBox="[12,2746,16,3661]" captionTargetPageId="66" captionText="114. Fijian Long-tailed Fruit Bat (Notopteris macdonald), 115. New Caledonia Long-tailed Fruit Bat (Notopteris neocaledonicus), 116. White-winged Flying Fox (Desmalopex leucopterus), 117. Mindoro Pallid Flying Fox (Desmalopex microleucopterus), 118. Fijizan Monkey-faced Fruit Bat Marimar (: acrodonta), 119. Bougainville Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (Pteralopex anceps), 120. Guadalcanal Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (Pleralopex atrata), 121. Montane Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (Pleralopex pulchra), 122. New Georgia Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (Pleralopex taki), 123. Greater Monkey-faced Fruit Bat (Pleralopex flanneryi), 124. Black-bellied Blossom Bat (Melonycteris melanops), 125. Fardoulis’s Blossom Bat (Nesonycteris fardoulis), 126. Woodford’s Blossom Bat (Nesonycteris woodfordi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6448873" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6448873/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">125.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8CF662880C3C88FCA4F75D" box="[274,769,2196,2246]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8CF662880C3C88FCA4F75D" blockId="72.[172,1379,2027,2290]" box="[274,769,2196,2246]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF8CF662880C3C88FCA4F75D" box="[274,769,2196,2246]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF8CF662880C3C88FCA4F75D" ID-CoL="7W2SM" baseAuthorityName="Flannery" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[274,769,2196,2246]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nesonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Chiroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fardoulisi">Fardoulis’s Blossom Bat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8CF6628A5D3C88FB76F75D" box="[835,1235,2196,2246]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8CF6628A5D3C88FB76F75D" blockId="72.[172,1379,2027,2290]" box="[835,1235,2196,2246]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF8CF6628A5D3C88FB76F75D" box="[835,1235,2196,2246]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8CF6628A5D3C88FB76F75D" ID-CoL="7W2SM" baseAuthorityName="Flannery" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[835,1235,2196,2246]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nesonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fardoulisi">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8CF6628A5D3C88FB76F75D" box="[835,1235,2196,2246]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">Nesonycteris fardoulisi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8CF66289B03CC4FB4EF776" box="[174,1259,2264,2285]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8CF66289B03CC4FB4EF776" blockId="72.[172,1379,2027,2290]" box="[174,1259,2264,2285]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
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<heading id="D0F38180FF8CF66289B03CC4FB4EF776" box="[174,1259,2264,2285]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8CF66289B03CC4FF5FF776" bold="true" box="[174,250,2264,2285]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF8CF662881A3CC4FDA4F776" ID-CoL="7W2SM" baseAuthorityName="Flannery" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[260,513,2264,2285]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nesonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Chiroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fardoulisi">Mélonyctére de Fardoulis</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8CF6628B083CC4FDD4F776" bold="true" box="[534,625,2264,2285]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF8CF6628B653CC4FCD1F776" ID-CoL="7W2SM" baseAuthorityName="Flannery" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[635,884,2264,2285]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nesonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Chiroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fardoulisi">Fardoulis-Blitenflughund</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8CF6628A973CC4FC41F776" bold="true" box="[905,996,2264,2285]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="050746C2FF8CF6628AF03CC4FB4EF776" ID-CoL="7W2SM" baseAuthorityName="Flannery" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[1006,1259,2264,2285]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nesonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Chiroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fardoulisi">Melonicterio de Fardoulis</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8CF6628A0D3D06FC09F6F8" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8CF6628A0D3D06FC09F6F8" blockId="72.[786,1380,2330,2758]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
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<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8CF6628A0D3D06FC0BF6A0" bold="true" box="[787,942,2330,2363]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8CF6628ACE3D06FC02F6F8" ID-CoL="7XFLY" authority="Flannery, 1993" authorityName="Flannery" authorityYear="1993" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Melonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fardoulisi">Melonycteris fardoulisi Flannery, 1993</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8CF6628AA43D5EFBB4F641" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8CF6628AA43D5EFBB4F641" blockId="72.[786,1380,2330,2758]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
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<materialsCitation id="3B6C3CB1FF8CF6628AA43D5EFBB4F641" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3828391320" latitude="-8.516666" longitude="162.08333" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
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“secondary forest near Sesena Village (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE30502BFF8CF6628A8D3D75FC49F611" box="[915,1004,2409,2442]" degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" precision="925" value="-8.516666">8°31’S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE30502BFF8CF6628D1F3D75FB27F611" box="[1025,1154,2409,2442]" degrees="162" direction="east" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" precision="925" value="162.08333">162°05’E</geoCoordinate>
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), altitude
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<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF8CF6628C3A3D75FCD4F629" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" metricValueMax="9.2" metricValueMin="0.1" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" unit="m" value="4650.0" valueMax="9200.0" valueMin="100.0">100- 9200 m</quantity>
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, Makira |=
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF8CF6628D363D89FAF1F629" box="[1064,1364,2453,2482]" name="San Cristobal Island" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">San Cristobal Island</collectingCountry>
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],
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<collectingCountry id="F313767CFF8CF6628A0A3DA5FC5AF641" box="[788,1023,2489,2522]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
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.”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8CF6628A0B3DFCFB3DF4FE" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8CF6628A0B3DFCFB3DF4FE" blockId="72.[786,1380,2330,2758]" lastBlockId="72.[176,1385,2765,3469]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8CF6628A0B3DFCFC09F59A" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1887" box="[789,940,2528,2561]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nesonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nesonycteris</taxonomicName>
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is traditionally considered a subgenus of
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8CF6628AD43E17FBC0F5B3" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1877" box="[970,1125,2571,2600]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Melonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Melonycteris</taxonomicName>
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; however, the two are considered distinct genera here based on their high degree of morphological distinctions, including distinct dentition, pelage pattern, and presence of index claw, and their relatively high degree of genetic differentiation.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8CF6628D543ED1FB44F575" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1887" box="[1098,1249,2765,2798]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nesonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nesonycteris</taxonomicName>
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woodford and N.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8CF66288063EE9FE32F48D" authorityName="Flannery" authorityYear="1993" box="[280,407,2805,2838]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Melonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fardoulisi">fardoulisi</taxonomicName>
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are not reciprocally monophyletic, with
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8CF6628AFB3EE9FB01F48D" box="[997,1188,2805,2838]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" form="schouteni" genus="Nesonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="form">N. f. schouteni</taxonomicName>
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being closest to N. w.
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8CF66288393F00FE07F4A6" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[295,418,2844,2877]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="woodfordi">woodfordi</taxonomicName>
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. Relationship between these two species needs to be addressed with robust molecular and morphometric data. Four subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8CF66289AE3F70FC79F3C9" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" type="multiple">
|
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<caption id="DF7B6664FF8CF66289AE3F70FC79F3C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6803830" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6803830" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6803830/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" startId="72.[176,330,2924,2957]" targetBox="[172,764,2345,2759]" targetPageId="72">
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||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8CF66289AE3F70FDE4F416" blockId="72.[176,1385,2765,3469]" box="[176,577,2924,2957]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8CF66289AE3F70FDE4F416" bold="true" box="[176,577,2924,2957]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8CF66289AF3F8FFC34F42F" blockId="72.[176,1385,2765,3469]" box="[177,913,2963,2996]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
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<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8CF66289AF3F8FFC34F42F" authority="Flannery, 1993" authorityName="Flannery" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Flannery" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[177,913,2963,2996]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nesonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fardoulisi" subSpecies="fardoulisi">N.f.fardoulisiFlannery,1993—SolomonIs(Makira).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8CF66289AF3FA7FCDAF447" blockId="72.[176,1385,2765,3469]" box="[177,895,3003,3036]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8CF66289AF3FA7FCDAF447" authority="Flannery, 1993" authorityName="Flannery" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Flannery" baseAuthorityYear="1993" box="[177,895,3003,3036]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nesonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fardoulisi" subSpecies="maccoyi">N.f.maccoyiFlannery,1993—SolomonIs(Malaita).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8CF66289AC3FFEFD95F3B0" blockId="72.[176,1385,2765,3469]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8CF66289AC3FFEFD95F3B0" authority="Flannery, 1993" authorityName="Flannery" authorityYear="1993" baseAuthorityName="Flannery" baseAuthorityYear="1993" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nesonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="fardoulisi" subSpecies="mengermani">N.f.mengermaniFlannery,1993—SolomonIs(VellaLavella,Kolombangara,NewGeor-gia,Vangunu,andRussell).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8CF66289AC382DFC79F3C9" blockId="72.[176,1385,2765,3469]" box="[178,988,3121,3154]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8CF66289AC382DFD9BF3C9" authority="Flannery, 1993" authorityName="Flannery" authorityYear="1993" box="[178,574,3121,3154]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" form="schouteni" genus="Nesonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="form" species="fardoulisi" subSpecies="schouteni">N. f. schouteni Flannery, 1993</taxonomicName>
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— Solomon Is (
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<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF8CF6628A09382DFC6BF3C9" box="[791,974,3121,3154]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Guadalcanal" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">Guadalcanal</collectingRegion>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8CF66289AF387CF7BFFDF4" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8CF66289AF387CF7BFFDF4" blockId="72.[176,1385,2765,3469]" lastBlockId="72.[1445,2656,273,1457]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8CF66289AF387CFE08F3E2" bold="true" box="[177,429,3168,3193]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF8CF6628B75387CFCA4F3E2" box="[619,769,3168,3193]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.15" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="8.7" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="91.5" valueMax="96.0" valueMin="87.0">87-96 mm</quantity>
|
||
(tailless), ear 11-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF8CF6628D1C387CFB22F3E2" box="[1026,1159,3168,3193]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="9.0">9-14 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forearm 57-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF8CF6628C54387CFEB2F33B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="6.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" unit="mm" value="35.0" valueMax="61.0" valueMin="9.0">9- 61 mm</quantity>
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||
; weight 39-
|
||
<quantity id="4CFC9B09FF8CF66288A13863FDB9F33B" box="[447,540,3199,3232]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.95" metricValueMax="5.4" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" unit="g" value="29.5" valueMax="54.0" valueMin="5.0">5-54 g</quantity>
|
||
. Males seem to be larger than females, with larger canines and more robust heads, and overall pelage of males is darker than females. Subspecies vary in cranial features, overall size, and amount of pink spotting over much of body, with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8CF662885838EAFE61F28C" authorityName="Flannery" authorityYear="1993" box="[326,452,3318,3351]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Melonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fardoulisi">fardoulisi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and maccoyi being largest and mengermani being smallest. Head of Fardoulis’s Blossom Batis elongated, and rostrum is long, with tubular nostrils. Ears are relatively short and bluntly pointed; eyes are large, with dark brown irises. Pelage is generally light (females) to dark (males) brown to cinnamon-brown; ventral pelage is somewhat lighter brown drab. Skin on wings, ears (only in subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8CF66280D9350DF5EFFEA9" authorityName="Flannery" authorityYear="1993" box="[2503,2634,273,306]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Melonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fardoulisi">fardoulisi</taxonomicName>
|
||
), face, and feet have variable amounts of bright pink spotting (absent in subspecies maccoyi). Wings are black, with pink digits and variable amounts of bright pink spotting; second digit of wing is lacking characteristic claw of most pteropodids. Uropatagium is completely absent. Claws are brown with white tips. Skull has long and narrow rostrum, with well-developed sagittal crests in males (unlike in Woodford’s Blossom Bat, N.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8CF6628CD135E1F9ECFD85" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[1487,1609,509,542]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Pteropus" kingdom="Fungi" order="Chiroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="woodfordi">woodfordi</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and long infraorbital canal. Dental formula for all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8CF66280B735E1F5E5FD85" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1887" box="[2473,2624,509,542]" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Nesonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Nesonycteris</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 12/1, Cl/1,P 53/3, M2/3:02) = 32. | ismissing; P'is larger than M,; and molars and premolars are largely reduced and flattened.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8CF6628CB83668F817FC96" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8CF6628CB83668F817FC96" blockId="72.[1445,2656,273,1457]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8CF6628CB83668F9B0FD0E" bold="true" box="[1446,1557,628,661]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Primary montane tropical forests, lowland forests, rural gardens, and disturbed areas.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C0F80EFF8CF6628F723687F90AFD27" box="[1644,1711,667,700]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">Male</collectingRegion>
|
||
and female Fardoulis’s Blossom Bats might forage separately and within distinct habitats because males seem to be found more often in disturbed habitats, but this has not been confirmed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8CF6628CB8370EF892FC62" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8CF6628CB8370EF892FC62" blockId="72.[1445,2656,273,1457]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8CF6628CB8370EF908FCA8" bold="true" box="[1446,1709,786,819]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Fardoulis’s Blossom Batis nectarivorous, most likely eating nectar, pollen, and occasionally some soft fruits. It will feed on nectar of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8CF66280273725F616FCC1" box="[2361,2483,825,858]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Heliconia</taxonomicName>
|
||
solomonensis (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8CF6628CAA377DF921FC19" box="[1460,1668,865,898]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Heliconiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), visiting plants in sequential fashion (trap-lining behavior); it is the sole pollinator ofthis self<incompatible plant. It lands on an inflorescence and clings to it using feet and thumb claws. Nectar is taken from open flowers, and pollen is deposited on chin and neck.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8CF6628CB9301CF8B8FBBA" box="[1447,1821,1024,1057]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8CF6628CB9301CF8B8FBBA" blockId="72.[1445,2656,273,1457]" box="[1447,1821,1024,1057]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8CF6628CB9301CF98BFBBA" bold="true" box="[1447,1582,1024,1057]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
No information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8CF6628CB8303BF5B2FBD3" box="[1446,2583,1063,1096]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8CF6628CB8303BF5B2FBD3" blockId="72.[1445,2656,273,1457]" box="[1446,2583,1063,1096]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8CF6628CB8303BF937FBD3" bold="true" box="[1446,1682,1063,1096]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Fardoulis’s Blossom Bat is nocturnal and might roost in foliage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8CF6628CB93052F99EFB03" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8CF6628CB93052F99EFB03" blockId="72.[1445,2656,273,1457]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8CF6628CB93052F7D1FBF4" bold="true" box="[1447,2164,1102,1135]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Fardoulis’s Blossom Bat seems to be solitary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8CF6628CB630BDF890FAC6" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8CF6628CB630BDF890FAC6" blockId="72.[1445,2656,273,1457]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8CF6628CB630BDF8AFFB25" bold="true" box="[1448,1802,1185,1214]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C044D6FFF8CF662830730BDF92AFB7D" authorityName="Flannery" authorityYear="1993" class="Mammalia" family="Pteropodidae" genus="Melonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fardoulisi">Melonycteris fardoulisi</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Fardoulis’s Blossom Bat is variably common or rare throughout its distribution. It is found in various disturbed areas and seems to tolerate human disturbance. Habitat destruction from logging and agricultural expansion might be its biggest threats in the future.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31E6567FF8CF6628CB73177F8ADFA36" pageId="72" pageNumber="130" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BBB36ECFF8CF6628CB73177F8ADFA36" blockId="72.[1445,2656,273,1457]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">
|
||
<emphasis id="B970EAFEFF8CF6628CB73177F9E7FA1F" bold="true" box="[1449,1602,1387,1412]" pageId="72" pageNumber="130">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bonaccorso, Helgen & Hamilton (2008a), Flannery (1993), Giannini & Simmons (2007a), Kress (1985), Pulvers & Colgan (2007).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |