499 lines
59 KiB
XML
499 lines
59 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="2D3A6E9EB4DE22F32F356198F267E718">A revision of the genus Phellopsis LeConte (Coleoptera: Zopheridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4B140F8E9E889AC199F05410BC1E05B4">Ivie, Michael A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="15FCB0CFA65420CBB2DDA55CDA1A35C7">2008</mods:date>
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<treatment id="753687D8FFB6FFA11DC17AA1FF78FEEF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6235454" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119353846" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6235454" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:753687D8FFB6FFA11DC17AA1FF78FEEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/753687D8FFB6FFA11DC17AA1FF78FEEF" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" scope_family="Zopheridae" scope_order="Coleoptera">
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<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB6FFA41DC17AA1FE6CFD59" blockId="8.[151,503,666,727]" box="[151,503,666,692]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB6FFA41DC17AA1FE6CFD59" authority="Kirby" authorityName="Kirby" box="[151,503,666,692]" class="Insecta" family="Zopheridae" genus="Phellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obcordata">
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<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB6FFA41DC17AA1FE6CFD59" bold="true" box="[151,503,666,692]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB6FFA41DC17AA1FE09FD59" bold="true" box="[151,402,666,692]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Phellopsis obcordata</emphasis>
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(Kirby)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB6FFA41DC17A86FE3EFD3A" blockId="8.[151,503,666,727]" box="[151,421,701,727]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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(
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<figureCitation id="65A42A4BFFB6FFA41DC97A86FE9CFD3A" box="[159,263,701,727]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[186,1365,204,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,152,1956]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Map of specimen records for North American Phellopsis spp. P. p o rc a t a, green circles; P. obcordata red diamonds. B. Map of specimen records for Asian Phellopsis spp. P. yulongensis red diamonds; P. chinensis green circles; P. a m u re n s i s red cross; P. suberea green triangles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180606/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 1A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="65A42A4BFFB6FFA41C427A86FEB8FD3A" box="[276,291,701,727]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[179,1415,203,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,154,1817]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal habitus photos of North American Phellopsis spp. A. Phellopsis obcordata; B. P. p o rc a t a; Hypomeral setae of Phellopsis spp. C. Phellopsis obcordata; D. P. porcata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180607/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2</figureCitation>
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A, 2C, 8A)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="B5856545FFB6FFA41DC17B36FD98FB69" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB6FFA41DC17B36FDFDFCC9" blockId="8.[151,1437,781,1156]" box="[151,614,781,804]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB6FFA41DC17B36FDFAFCC9" authority="Kirby, 1837: 236" authorityName="Kirby" authorityPageNumber="236" authorityYear="1837" box="[151,609,781,804]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Bolitophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obcordatus">
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<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB6FFA41DC17B36FE39FCC9" box="[151,418,781,804]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bolitophagus obcordatus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41CFF7B36FDFAFCC9" author="Kirby" box="[425,609,781,804]" page="236" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1837">
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<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41CFF7B36FDB7FCC9" author="Kirby" box="[425,556,781,804]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" refString="Kirby, W. (1837) Part 4. The Insects. In: J. Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Americana, or the zoology of the northern parts of British America. John Murray, London, Norwich, 325 pp., 8 pls." type="book" year="1837">Kirby, 1837</bibRefCitation>
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: 236
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB6FFA41DC17B16FD7BFC89" blockId="8.[151,1437,781,1156]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB6FFA41DC17B16FD11FCA9" authority="LeConte, 1853: 235" authorityName="LeConte" authorityPageNumber="235" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,650,813,836]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Boletophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obcordatus">
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<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB6FFA41DC17B16FE33FCA9" box="[151,424,813,836]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Boletophagus obcordatus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41CE67B16FD11FCA9" author="LeConte" box="[432,650,813,836]" page="235" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1853">
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<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41CE67B16FDCFFCA9" author="LeConte" box="[432,596,813,836]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" refString="LeConte, J. L. (1853) Description of twenty n. sp. of Coleoptera inhabiting the U. S. Proceedings of the Academy of National Science of Philadelphia 6, 226 - 235." type="journal article" year="1853">LeConte, 1853</bibRefCitation>
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: 235
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41FC07B16FCEBFCA9" author="LeConte" box="[662,880,813,836]" page="216" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1862">
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<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41FC07B16FCA2FCA9" author="LeConte" box="[662,825,813,836]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" refString="LeConte, J. L. (1862) Classification of the Coleoptera of North America. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 136, 209 - 286." type="journal article" year="1862">LeConte, 1862</bibRefCitation>
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: 216
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41E2D7B16FB59FCA9" author="LeConte" box="[891,1218,813,836]" page="365" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1883">
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<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41E2D7B16FB10FCA9" author="LeConte" box="[891,1163,813,836]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" refString="LeConte, J. L. & Horn, G. H. (1883) Classification of the Coleoptera of North America. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 507, i - xxxviii + 1 - 567." type="journal article" year="1883">LeConte and Horn, 1883</bibRefCitation>
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: 365
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA419987B16FA03FCA9" author="Casey" box="[1230,1432,813,836]" page="470" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1907">
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<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA419987B16FAF9FCA9" author="Casey" box="[1230,1378,813,836]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Casey, T. L. (1907 b) A revision of the American components of the tenebrionid subfamily Tentyriinae. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 9, 275 - 522." type="journal article" year="1907" yearSuffix="b">Casey, 1907b</bibRefCitation>
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: 470
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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. Ś lipiński and Lawrence, 1999: 23. (
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB6FFA41F127B76FD4CFC89" box="[580,727,845,868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">lapsus calami</emphasis>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB6FFA41DC17B56FCC0FC69" blockId="8.[151,1437,781,1156]" box="[151,859,877,900]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB6FFA41DC17B56FDEEFC69" authority="Heyden, 1885: 307" authorityName="Heyden" authorityPageNumber="307" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,629,877,900]" class="Insecta" genus="Nosoderma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obcordatum">
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<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB6FFA41DC17B56FE03FC69" box="[151,408,877,900]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Nosoderma obcordatum</emphasis>
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:
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||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41CF07B56FDEEFC69" author="Heyden" box="[422,629,877,900]" page="307" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1885">
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<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41CF07B56FDA4FC69" author="Heyden" box="[422,575,877,900]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Heyden, L. (1885) Weitere Beitrage zur Coleoperen-Fauna des Amur-Gebietes. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Berlin, 29, 299 - 307, pl. 4." type="journal article" year="1885">Heyden, 1885</bibRefCitation>
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: 307
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41F297B56FCCDFC69" author="LeConte" box="[639,854,877,900]" page="235" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1853">
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<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41F297B56FCBAFC69" author="LeConte" box="[639,801,877,900]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" refString="LeConte, J. L. (1853) Description of twenty n. sp. of Coleoptera inhabiting the U. S. Proceedings of the Academy of National Science of Philadelphia 6, 226 - 235." type="journal article" year="1853">LeConte, 1853</bibRefCitation>
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: 235
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB6FFA41DC17BB6FD98FB69" blockId="8.[151,1437,781,1156]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="DD8F11E0FFB6FFA41DC17BB6FD98FB69" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB6FFA41DC17BB6FDA4FC49" authority="Horn, 1870: 273" authorityName="Horn" authorityPageNumber="273" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,575,909,932]" class="Insecta" family="Zopheridae" genus="Phellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obcordata">
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<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB6FFA41DC17BB6FEE1FC49" box="[151,378,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Phellopsis obcordata</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41CDC7BB6FDA4FC49" author="Horn" box="[394,575,909,932]" page="273" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1870">
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<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41CDC7BB6FD93FC49" author="Horn" box="[394,520,909,932]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Horn, G. H. (1870) Revision of the Tenebrionidae of America, North of Mexico. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 2, 271 - 273." type="journal article" year="1870">Horn, 1870</bibRefCitation>
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: 273
|
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41F1C7BB6FC23FC49" author="Hubbard" box="[586,952,909,932]" page="640" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1878">
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<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41F1C7BB6FC19FC49" author="Hubbard" box="[586,898,909,932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" refString="Hubbard, H. G. & E. A. Schwarz (1878) The Coleoptera of Michigan [with] descriptions of new species by John L. LeConte, M. D. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 17, 593 - 669, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1878">Hubbard and Schwarz, 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 640
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41E927BB6FB3AFC49" author="Henshaw" box="[964,1185,909,932]" page="255" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1881">
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<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41E927BB6FBF6FC49" author="Henshaw" box="[964,1133,909,932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Henshaw, S. (1881) Index to the Coleoptera described by J. L. LeConte, M. D. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 9, 197 - 272." type="journal article" year="1881">Henshaw, 1881</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 255
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[in part].
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA418597BB6FF69FC29" author="Lewis" page="219" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1887">
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<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA418597BB6FA03FC49" author="Lewis" box="[1295,1432,909,932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" refString="Lewis, G. (1887) On a new species of Phellopsis found in Japan and Siberia. The Entomologist, 20, 218 - 220." type="journal article" year="1887">Lewis, 1887</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 219
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41DA97B96FE74FC29" author="Champion" box="[255,495,941,964]" page="114" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1894">
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<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41DA97B96FE23FC29" author="Champion" box="[255,440,941,964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Champion, G. C. (1894) [Note] The genus Pseudonosoderma, v. Heyd. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 30, 114." type="journal article" year="1894">Champion, 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 114
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41CAB7B96FD7FFC29" author="Hamilton" box="[509,740,941,964]" page="341" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1895">
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<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41CAB7B96FD30FC29" author="Hamilton" box="[509,683,941,964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Hamilton, J. (1895) Catalogue of the Coleoptera of southwestern Pennsylvania, with notes and descriptions. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 22, 317 - 381." type="journal article" year="1895">Hamilton, 1895</bibRefCitation>
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: 341
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41FA77B96FC31FC29" author="Leng" box="[753,938,941,964]" page="223" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1920">
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<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41FA77B96FCEAFC29" author="Leng" box="[753,881,941,964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" refString="Leng, C. W. (1920) Catalogue of the Coleoptera of America, North of Mexico. John D. Sherman, Jr., Mount Vernon, New York. x + 470 pp." type="book" year="1920">Leng, 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 223
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41EE17B96FB09FC29" author="Leonard" box="[951,1170,941,964]" page="401" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1928">
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<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41EE17B96FBC2FC29" author="Leonard" box="[951,1113,941,964]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" refString="Leonard, M. D. (1928) A List of the Insects of New York. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York. 1121 pp." type="book" year="1928">Leonard, 1928</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 401
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA419C97B96FE9BFC09" author="Boving" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Boving, A. G. & Craighead, F. C. (1931) An illustrated synopsis of the principal larval forms of the order of Coleoptera. Entomologica Americana, 11, 1 - 351." type="journal article" year="1931">Böving and Craighead, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 52.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41C0E7BF6FDACFC09" author="Chagnon" box="[344,567,973,996]" page="278" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1935">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41C0E7BF6FD9BFC09" author="Chagnon" box="[344,512,973,996]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Chagnon, G. (1935) Contribution a l'etude des coleopteres de la Province de Quebec. Universite de Montreal, Montreal. Cachet, 385 pp." type="book" year="1935">Chagnon, 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 278
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41F157BF6FC95FC09" author="Gebien" box="[579,782,973,996]" page="668" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1936">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41F157BF6FD43FC09" author="Gebien" box="[579,728,973,996]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Gebien, H. (1936) Katalog der Tenebrioniden (Col.: Heteromera). Teil I. (abgeschlossen August 1936) Pubblicasioni del Museo Entomologico " Pietro Rossi " 2, 505 - 883." type="journal article" year="1936">Gebien, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 668
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41E4C7BF6FC75FC09" author="Brimley" box="[794,1006,973,996]" page="190" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1938">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41E4C7BF6FC2CFC09" author="Brimley" box="[794,951,973,996]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Brimley, C. S. (1938) The Insects of North Carolina. North Carolina Deptartment of Agriculture, Raleigh, 560 pp." type="book" year="1938">Brimley, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 190
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41EAC7BF6FB53FC09" author="Triplehorn" box="[1018,1224,973,996]" page="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1952">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41EAC7BF6FB29FC09" author="Triplehorn" box="[1018,1202,973,996]" pageId="8" pageNumber="28" refString="Triplehorn, C. A. (1952) The Darkling Beetles of Ohio (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Masters Thesis, The Ohio State University. 159 pp." type="book" year="1952">Triplehorn, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–3. Peterson, 1960: 180, fig. C48.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41C3C7BD6FD36FBE9" author="Dillon" box="[362,685,1005,1028]" page="464" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1961">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41C3C7BD6FDEEFBE9" author="Dillon" box="[362,629,1005,1028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Dillon, E. S. & Dillon, L. S. (1961) A Manual of Common Beetles of Eastern North America. Row, Peterson and Co., Evanston, Illinois, 884 pp." type="book" year="1961">Dillon and Dillon, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 464
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. xlvi.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41E4F7BD6FBE6FBE9" author="Chagnon" box="[793,1149,1005,1028]" page="330" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1962">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41E4F7BD6FBDEFBE9" author="Chagnon" box="[793,1093,1005,1028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Chagnon, G. & A. Robert (1962) Principaux Coleopteres de la Province de Quebec. Les Presses de l' Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, 440 pp." type="book" year="1962">Chagnon and Robert, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 330
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA419DC7BD6FADFFBE9" author="Boddy" box="[1162,1348,1005,1028]" page="78" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1965">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA419DC7BD6FA82FBE9" author="Boddy" box="[1162,1305,1005,1028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Boddy, D. W. (1965) Zopheridae, pp. 77 - 79. In: M. H. Hatch, (ed.) The beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Part IV: Macrodactyles, Palpicornes and Heteromera. University of Washington Publications in Biology, 16 (4), 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="1965">Boddy, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 78
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA418077BD6FED9FBC9" author="Pielou" page="1235" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1966">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA418077BD6FE9BFBC9" author="Pielou" pageId="8" pageNumber="28" refString="Pielou, D. P. (1966) The fauna of Polyporus betulinus (Bulliard) Fries (Basidiomycetes: Polyporaceae) in Gatineau Park, Quebec. Canadian Entomologist 98, 1233 - 1237." type="journal article" year="1966">Pielou, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1235
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41C1D7C36FD0BFBC9" author="Pielou" box="[331,656,1037,1060]" page="1184" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1968">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41C1D7C36FDD5FBC9" author="Pielou" box="[331,590,1037,1060]" pageId="8" pageNumber="28" refString="Pielou D. P. & Verma, A. N. (1968) The arthropod fauna associated with the birch bracket fungus, Polyporus betulinus, in eastern Canada. Canadian Entomologist, 100, 1179 - 1199." type="journal article" year="1968">Pielou and Verma, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1184
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41FCF7C36FBBFFBC9" author="Keleinikova" box="[665,1060,1037,1060]" page="125" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1971">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41FCF7C36FC74FBC9" author="Keleinikova" box="[665,1007,1037,1060]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" refString="Keleinikova, S. I. & Mamaev, B. M. (1971) Phellopsis amurensis Heyd. (Coleoptera, Zopheridae) a specific wood destroyer in the South Primorski Krai. Builletin, Moskovskoe Obshchestvo Ispytatelei Prirody, Novaya Seriya. Otdel Biologicheskii, 76 (4), 124 - 128. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Keleinikova and Mamaev, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 125
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA419787C36FB45FBC9" author="Arnett" box="[1070,1246,1037,1060]" page="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1983">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA419787C36FB23FBC9" author="Arnett" box="[1070,1208,1037,1060]" pageId="8" pageNumber="25" refString="Arnett, R. H. (1983) Family 103. Tenebrionidae, pg. 1 - 91. In: R. H. Arnett, (ed.), Checklist of the Beetles of North and Central America and the West Indies, Vol. 6 The Darkling beetles, Strepsiptera, and related groups. E. J. Brill Publishing Co., New York." type="journal article" year="1983">Arnett, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 17
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA419BF7C36FA03FBC9" author="Papp" box="[1257,1432,1037,1060]" page="162" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1984">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA419BF7C36FAFFFBC9" author="Papp" box="[1257,1380,1037,1060]" pageId="8" pageNumber="28" refString="Papp, C. S. (1984) Introduction to North American Beetles. Entomography Publications, Sacramento, CA. 335 pp." type="book" year="1984">Papp, 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 162
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. Lawrence, 1991: 518–519.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41CB97C16FD4FFBA9" author="Campbell" box="[495,724,1069,1092]" page="252" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1991">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41CB97C16FD05FBA9" author="Campbell" box="[495,670,1069,1092]" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Campbell, J. M. (1991) Zopheridae, pg. 252. In: Y. Bousquet, (ed.) Checklist of the beetles of Canada and Alaska. Agriculture Canada Publication 1861 / E. Canada Communications Group-Publishing, Ottawa." type="book chapter" year="1991">Campbell, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 252
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
[in part].
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41E6E7C16FC6BFBA9" author="Steiner" box="[824,1008,1069,1092]" page="25" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1992">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41E6E7C16FC51FBA9" author="Steiner" box="[824,970,1069,1092]" pageId="8" pageNumber="28" refString="Steiner, W. E., Jr. (1992) " Ironclad Beetles, " family Zopheridae, in Maryland: notes on the natural history and distribution of Phellopsis obcordata (Kirby). Maryland Naturalist [1991] 35, 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="1992">Steiner, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 25
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–30.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA419707C16FA95FBA9" author="Lawrence" box="[1062,1294,1069,1092]" page="341" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1994">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA419707C16FB4CFBA9" author="Lawrence" box="[1062,1239,1069,1092]" pageId="8" pageNumber="27" refString="Lawrence, J. F. (1994) The larva of Sirrhas variegates, sp. nov., with notes on the Perimylopidae, Ulodidae (stat. nov.), Zopheridae and Chalcodryidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 8, 329 - 349." type="journal article" year="1994">Lawrence, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 341
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA4184F7C16FE0FFB89" author="Downie" page="1080" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1996">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA4184F7C16FECAFB89" author="Downie" pageId="8" pageNumber="26" refString="Downie, N. M. & Arnett, R. H. (1996) The Beetles of Northeastern North America. Vol. II: Polyphaga: Series Bostrichiformia through Curculionoidea. Sandhill Crane Press. Gainsville, FL, 1721 pp." type="book" year="1996">Downie and Arnett, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1080
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. Ś lipiński and Lawrence, 1999: 21.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA41E447C76FC4EFB89" author="Steiner" box="[786,981,1101,1124]" page="138" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="1999">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA41E447C76FC38FB89" author="Steiner" box="[786,931,1101,1124]" pageId="8" pageNumber="28" refString="Steiner, W. E., Jr. (1999) Flightless Beetles in Appalachian " deserts: " Studies on the distribution and localized habitats of some species of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera). Proceedings of the Appalachian Biogeography Symposium, VMNH Special Publication 7, 125 - 144." type="journal article" year="1999">Steiner, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 138
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–139. Ivie, 2002: 458–460[in part].
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7C3E10DFFFB6FFA418057C76FE64FB69" author="Triplehorn" page="435" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" year="2005">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB6FFA418057C76FE52FB69" author="Triplehorn" pageId="8" pageNumber="28" refString="Triplehorn, C. A. & Johnson, N. F. (2005) Borror and DeLong's Introduction to the Study of Insects 7 th edition. Thomson, Brooks / Cole, Belmont, California, 864 pp." type="book" year="2005">Triplehorn and Johnson, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 435
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B5856545FFB6FFA41DC17C8EFA9CFA00" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB6FFA41DC17C8EFA9CFA00" blockId="8.[151,1437,1205,1957]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB6FFA41DC17C8EFE82FB22" bold="true" box="[151,281,1205,1231]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Distinguished from the other North American species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB6FFA41EF87C8EFBBDFB23" box="[942,1062,1205,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Zopheridae" genus="Phellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB6FFA41EF87C8EFBBDFB23" box="[942,1062,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. porcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by the lack of intertuberculate setae on the hypomeron (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65A42A4BFFB6FFA41C947CE6FD91FB1A" box="[450,522,1245,1271]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[179,1415,203,1705]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,154,1817]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Dorsal habitus photos of North American Phellopsis spp. A. Phellopsis obcordata; B. P. p o rc a t a; Hypomeral setae of Phellopsis spp. C. Phellopsis obcordata; D. P. porcata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180607/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Other useful characters include the presence of large distinct round punctures on the elytra, 10–13 between the apical edge of the scutellary striole and subapical nodule; the ridge in the 3rd elytral interval very weak or absent medially and more strongly arcuate around the scutellum; the strongly bisinuate lateral margin of the pronotum; the smooth basal connecting ridge between the 1st and 3rd elytral interval which lacks a depression; and the lateral subapical nodule of the declivity strongly directed away from the plane of the body. This species can be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB6FFA41EE37D90FBD3FA29" box="[949,1096,1451,1476]" class="Insecta" family="Zopheridae" genus="Phellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB6FFA41EE37D90FBD3FA29" box="[949,1096,1451,1476]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P. amurensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but has the tuberculation on the apical half of the pronotum stronger, and the lateral elytral margin smooth rather than serrate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B5856545FFB6FFA01D907DC1FEC2FD7F" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB6FFA41D907DC1FB5FF8C0" blockId="8.[151,1437,1205,1957]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB6FFA41D907DC1FE21F9F9" bold="true" box="[198,442,1530,1556]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description (male):</emphasis>
|
||
Length
|
||
<quantity id="3A679B2BFFB6FFA41F487DC0FD3AF9F8" box="[542,673,1531,1557]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="11.0">11–16 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Reddish brown to dark brown; dorsal setose vestiture sporadic; most elytral punctures large and clearly visible; vestiture consisting of short, slightly thickened setae, lacking significant intertubercle setation on prothoracic and elytral surfaces. Head on dorsal surface with weak indistinct tubercles between frons; outer margin of suprantennal ridges concave; lateral margin of epistoma anterior to suprantennal ridge short (
|
||
<quantity id="3A679B2BFFB6FFA41F4C7EA0FD55F958" box="[538,718,1691,1717]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="0.145" valueMax="0.17" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.17 mm</quantity>
|
||
); ventral surface of head with distinct and regular tubercles; gula wide; subgenal ridge rounded, with slight depression medially; subgenal ridge longer, extending below eye; eye set below genal surface. Post-occipital suture deep and narrowly divided. Last antennomere with micro-setose patch of sensilla oval; preapical patches oblong. Ligula shallowly emarginate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB6FFA41D907F00FC85F848" blockId="8.[151,1437,1205,1957]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pronotum evenly tuberculate; paired elevations on apical margin of pronotum broadly and weakly divided at midline; lateral margin of pronotum strongly bisinuate; hypomeron without intertuberculate setae, cuticular surface between tubercles with smooth microsculpture.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A9E06646FFB7FFA51DC17EF0FC22F8EB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180607/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[179,1415,203,1705]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB7FFA51DC17EF0FC22F8EB" blockId="9.[151,1435,1739,1798]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB7FFA51DC17EF0FEBBF90E" bold="true" box="[151,288,1739,1763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal habitus photos of North American
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB7FFA51E4A7EF7FC10F90E" box="[796,907,1740,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Zopheridae" genus="Phellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB7FFA51E4A7EF7FC10F90E" box="[796,907,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phellopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB7FFA51EAD7EF7FB7FF90E" box="[1019,1252,1740,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Zopheridae" genus="Phellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obcordata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB7FFA51EAD7EF7FB7FF90E" box="[1019,1252,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phellopsis obcordata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; B.
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB7FFA518777EF7FA0AF90E" box="[1313,1425,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. p o rc a t a</emphasis>
|
||
; Hypomeral setae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB7FFA51C387ED4FE46F8EB" box="[366,477,1775,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Zopheridae" genus="Phellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB7FFA51C387ED4FE46F8EB" box="[366,477,1775,1798]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phellopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB7FFA51F637ED4FC8CF8EB" box="[565,791,1775,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Zopheridae" genus="Phellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obcordata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB7FFA51F637ED4FC8CF8EB" box="[565,791,1775,1798]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Phellopsis obcordata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB7FFA51E107ED4FC29F8EB" box="[838,946,1775,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Zopheridae" genus="Phellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB7FFA51E107ED4FC29F8EB" box="[838,946,1775,1798]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P. porcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB7FFA61D907F01FA1AFEC1" blockId="9.[151,1436,1850,2036]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,152,300]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Dorsal elytral surfaces with small, often obscure tubercles; humerus slightly flattened; scutellum oval, shallowly set below elytral ridges; scutellary striole distinct; 10–13 large, rounded elytral punctures along midline between scutellary striole and large nodule at start of apical declivity; median subapical elytral nodule usually noticeably larger than lateral nodule; lateral nodule of apical declivity usually strongly projected away from body plane at approximately 45° angle; paired nodules considerably larger than single nodule near apex; ridges in 3rd and 5th elytral intervals, overlapping at most only at base and apex but not medially; nodule in 3rd interval never connected to ridge; area around elytral suture weakly elevated and flattened, never with large tubercles. Metasternum with small, relatively uniform tubercles; ventrite tuberculation reduced medially, uniformly spaced laterally. Tarsal setation more dense on ventral surface, setae relatively uniform in thickness.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="A9E06646FFB4FFA61DC17F88FECDF803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180608/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[308,1293,353,1940]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB4FFA61DC17F88FECDF803" blockId="10.[151,1435,1971,2030]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB4FFA61DC17F88FE82F826" bold="true" box="[151,281,1971,1995]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal habitus photos of the Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB4FFA61FF77F8FFC8BF826" box="[673,784,1972,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Zopheridae" genus="Phellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB4FFA61FF77F8FFC8BF826" box="[673,784,1972,1995]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Phellopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB4FFA61E3D7F8FFBD6F826" box="[875,1101,1972,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Zopheridae" genus="Phellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB4FFA61E3D7F8FFBD6F826" box="[875,1101,1972,1995]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Phellopsis amurensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; B.
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB4FFA6192D7F8FFB7DF826" box="[1147,1254,1972,1995]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. s u b e re a</emphasis>
|
||
; C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB4FFA618417F8FFA0FF826" box="[1303,1428,1972,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Zopheridae" genus="Phellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB4FFA618417F8FFA0FF826" box="[1303,1428,1972,1995]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. chinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB4FFA61DE17FECFECBF803" box="[183,336,2007,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Zopheridae" genus="Phellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yulongensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB4FFA61DE17FECFECBF803" box="[183,336,2007,2030]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">P. yulongensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A9E06646FFB5FFA71DC17E8AFB7CF906" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180609/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[175,1342,190,1680]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB5FFA71DC17E8AFB7CF906" blockId="11.[151,1434,1713,1771]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB5FFA71DC17E8AFE80F924" bold="true" box="[151,283,1713,1737]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Elytral sculpture of Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB5FFA71F1F7E8AFD23F925" box="[585,696,1713,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Zopheridae" genus="Phellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB5FFA71F1F7E8AFD23F925" box="[585,696,1713,1736]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Phellopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB5FFA71E4C7E8AFC65F925" box="[794,1022,1713,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Zopheridae" genus="Phellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amurensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB5FFA71E4C7E8AFC65F925" box="[794,1022,1713,1736]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Phellopsis amurensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; B.
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB5FFA719677E8AFB05F925" box="[1073,1182,1713,1736]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. s u b e re a</emphasis>
|
||
; C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB5FFA719827E8AFACFF925" box="[1236,1364,1713,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Zopheridae" genus="Phellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB5FFA719827E8AFACFF925" box="[1236,1364,1713,1736]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. chinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB5FFA718DE7E8AFE8EF906" class="Insecta" family="Zopheridae" genus="Phellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yulongensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB5FFA718DE7E8AFE8EF906" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. yulongensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Ventrites 2–5 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB5FFA71C827EEFFDD8F906" box="[468,579,1748,1771]" class="Insecta" family="Zopheridae" genus="Phellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB5FFA71C827EEFFDD8F906" box="[468,579,1748,1771]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Phellopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. found in China. E.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB5FFA71E107EEFFB84F906" box="[838,1055,1748,1771]" class="Insecta" family="Zopheridae" genus="Phellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chinensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB5FFA71E107EEFFB84F906" box="[838,1055,1748,1771]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Phellopsis chinensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; F.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB5FFA7191E7EEFFB7BF906" box="[1096,1248,1748,1771]" class="Insecta" family="Zopheridae" genus="Phellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yulongensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB5FFA7191E7EEFFB7BF906" box="[1096,1248,1748,1771]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">P. yulongensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB5FFA71D907F25FC28F88D" blockId="11.[151,1436,1822,2008]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Aedeagus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65A42A4BFFB5FFA71C1C7F25FE14F8D5" box="[330,399,1822,1848]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="16.[151,255,1706,1730]" captionTargetBox="[419,1155,270,1658]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[404,1184,240,1682]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 8. Lateral view of male parameres of Phellopsis spp. A. Phellopsis obcordata; B. P. porcata; C. P. s u b e re a; D. P. chinensis; E. P. yulongensis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180613/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
A), relatively short and broad; apex of parameres almost straight; apical margin of basal stop with moderate concave depression medially, and lightly setose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB5FFA71D907F55FC54F865" blockId="11.[151,1436,1822,2008]" box="[198,975,1902,1928]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FEMALE: Same as male except lacking setose pit on submentum.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB5FFA01D907FADFD5CFF5F" blockId="11.[151,1436,1822,2008]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
LARVA: (modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB5FFA71CA47FADFD02F85D" author="Peterson" box="[498,665,1942,1968]" pageId="11" pageNumber="28" refString="Peterson, A. (1951) Larvae of Insects. Part 2. Coleoptera, Diptera, Neuroptera, Siphonaptera, Mecoptera, Trichoptera. Edwards Brothers, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan 416 pp." type="book" year="1951">Peterson 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Lawrence 1991). Body elongate,
|
||
<quantity id="3A679B2BFFB5FFA7190B7FADFB47F85D" box="[1117,1244,1942,1968]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">15–25 mm</quantity>
|
||
when extended, subcylindrical, white or creamy in color; head, pronotum, asperities, and legs lightly sclerotized; tarsal claws, urogomphi, and mouthparts heavily sclerotized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB2FFA01D9078FBFAFEFEC7" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Head subquadrate, lateral margins rounded, dorsoventrally flattened, prognathus, with sparse patches of short setae, 5 stemmata on each side, frontal arms lyriform. Antennae 3-segmented, anterolaterally inserted. Mandibles large, prognathus, apical tip bidentate. Maxilla thick and fleshy, with apical setae; cardo bifid.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB2FFA01D907903FBB5FE97" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Prothorax enlarged, partly enclosing head when retracted. Meso-and metathorax with arcuate rows of asperities, followed by sparse patches of asperities; spiracles annular-biforous.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB2FFA01D9079B3FC4BFDF7" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Abdominal segments subequal in size, segments 1–6 with dorsal rows and patches of asperities, 9 with sclerotized granulate basal spots and well-developed recurved urogomphi; ventral surface of 2–8 with progressively strong patches of asperities, 8 with dense patch. Legs short, 5-segmented; coxae large and transverse, short setae concentrated on apical surfaces, claw elongate hook.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB2FFA01D907A1CFEC2FD7F" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB2FFA01D907A1CFED8FDAC" bold="true" box="[198,323,551,577]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Variation:</emphasis>
|
||
The dorsal elytral sculpture is less variable than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB2FFA01EEC7A13FBA8FDAC" box="[954,1075,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Zopheridae" genus="Phellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="porcata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB2FFA01EEC7A13FBA8FDAC" box="[954,1075,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. porcata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Southern Appalachian specimens (North Carolina, Tennessee, West Virginia, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8588765EFFB2FFA01E5B7A6BFCF6FD87" box="[781,877,592,618]" name="Georgia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
) frequently have the humeri more flattened and pointed apically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B5856545FFB2FFA01D907AA4FD94FAFF" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB2FFA01D907AA4FE23FCDF" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB2FFA01D907AA4FE44FD54" bold="true" box="[198,479,671,697]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation id="65A42A4BFFB2FFA01C397AA4FE54FD54" box="[367,463,671,697]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1929,1953]" captionTargetBox="[186,1365,204,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,152,1956]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Map of specimen records for North American Phellopsis spp. P. p o rc a t a, green circles; P. obcordata red diamonds. B. Map of specimen records for Asian Phellopsis spp. P. yulongensis red diamonds; P. chinensis green circles; P. a m u re n s i s red cross; P. suberea green triangles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/180606/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Restricted to boreal forests of eastern portions of North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8588765EFFB2FFA019237A9BFB46FD57" box="[1141,1245,672,698]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
, widespread but uncommon from Newfoundland south to Northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8588765EFFB2FFA01E567AF3FCC5FD0F" box="[768,862,712,738]" name="Georgia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and west to northern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. In more southern locales the species appears to be confined to higher elevations of the Appalachian Mountains.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB2FFA01D997B04FD94FAFF" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB2FFA01D997B04FE74FCB4" bold="true" box="[207,495,831,857]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Recorded distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
A summary of the distribution from the
|
||
<specimenCount id="EB99FD47FFB2FFA01E8D7B7BFB11FCB7" box="[987,1162,832,858]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">752 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
examined is presented here as COUNTRY: PROVINCE or STATE: county (when available). For complete label data see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB2FFA0180C7B53FF72FC47" author="Foley" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" refString="Foley, I. A. (2006) A Review of the Ironclad Beetle's of the World (Coleoptera Zopheridae: Phellopsini and Zopherini). Master's Thesis, Montana State University. 218 pp." type="book" year="2006">Foley (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8588765EFFB2FFA01DAF7BABFEE0FC47" box="[249,379,912,938]" name="Canada" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">CANADA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: NEW BRUNSWICK, NEWFOUNDLAND, NOVA
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8588765EFFB2FFA0195D7BABFBE3FC47" box="[1035,1144,912,938]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">SCOTIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, ONTARIO, QUEBEC.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8588765EFFB2FFA01DC17B83FE1BFC3F" box="[151,384,952,978]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">UNITED STATES</collectingCountry>
|
||
: CONNECTICUT: Litchfield.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8588765EFFB2FFA01E5C7B83FC09FC3F" box="[778,914,952,978]" name="Georgia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">GEORGIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Rabun. MASSACHUSETTS: Worcester. MARYLAND: Garrett. MAINE: Cumberland, Hancock, Kennebec, Knox, Lincoln, Penobscot, Piscataquis, Washington. MICHIGAN: Cheboygan, Emmet, Marquette, Schoolcraft. NORTH CAROLINA: Avery, Buncombe, Burke, Haywood, Macon, Watauga. NEW HAMPSHIRE: Coos, Grafton, Rock, Carr. NEW
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8588765EFFB2FFA018787C0BFA03FBA7" box="[1326,1432,1072,1098]" name="Jersey" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">JERSEY</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Hudson (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB2FFA01C517C63FE3EFB9F" author="Steiner" box="[263,421,1112,1138]" pageId="12" pageNumber="28" refString="Steiner, W. E., Jr. (1992) " Ironclad Beetles, " family Zopheridae, in Maryland: notes on the natural history and distribution of Phellopsis obcordata (Kirby). Maryland Naturalist [1991] 35, 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="1992">Steiner 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) NEW YORK: Erie, Essex, Franklin, Herkimer, St. Lawrence, Tompkins,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8588765EFFB2FFA018187C63FA03FB9F" box="[1358,1432,1112,1138]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ulster</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Wayne. PENNSYLVANIA: Dauphin, Forest, Huntington, Monroe, Westmoreland. TENNESSEE: Blount, Carter, Sevier, Tusculum. VIRGINIA: Albemarle, Giles, Highland, Lee, Madison, Page, Washington. VER- MONT: Addison, Bennington, Lamoille. WISCONSIN: Florence, Forest. WEST VIRGINIA: Greenbrier, Pendleton, Pocahontas, Preston.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B5856545FFB2FFA11D937D24FF78FEEF" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB2FFA01D937D24FE24FA5F" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB2FFA01D937D24FE8EFAD4" bold="true" box="[197,277,1311,1337]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<typeStatus id="2224886CFFB2FFA01D937D24FE97FAD4" box="[197,268,1311,1337]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Types</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="2224886CFFB2FFA01C777D1BFE57FAD7" box="[289,460,1312,1338]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
, here designated: Specimen of undetermined sex in the BMNH. Circle label with “N.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8588765EFFB2FFA01D9E7D73FE8FFA8F" box="[200,276,1352,1378]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Scotia</collectingCountry>
|
||
” on underside; “5969, B” on front/ Round red-ringed “
|
||
<typeStatus id="2224886CFFB2FFA01EC17D73FC4CFA8F" box="[919,983,1352,1378]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
” label/
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB2FFA019667D73FA84FA8C" box="[1072,1311,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Bolitoph
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB2FFA019CA7D73FA84FA8C" box="[1180,1311,1352,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Boletophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obcordatus">obcordatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; N.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8588765EFFB2FFA018057D73FA07FA8F" box="[1363,1436,1352,1378]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Scotia</collectingCountry>
|
||
5969; Rev. W. Kirby/ white card “
|
||
<typeStatus id="2224886CFFB2FFA01F737D4BFD3BFA67" box="[549,672,1392,1418]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
” underlined in red,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB2FFA01EDE7D4BFB34FA64" box="[904,1199,1392,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Tenebrionidae" genus="Bolitophagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obcordatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB2FFA01EDE7D4BFB34FA64" box="[904,1199,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Bolitophagus obcordatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Kirby 1873; designated by M.A. Ivie 2005.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB2FFA01D907D84FBADF887" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB2FFA01D907D84FE97FA34" bold="true" box="[198,268,1471,1497]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Notes</emphasis>
|
||
: The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3A9F4D4DFFB2FFA01CF77DFBFDA3FA34" box="[417,568,1472,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Zopheridae" genus="Phellopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obcordata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CFEBEADCFFB2FFA01CF77DFBFDA3FA34" box="[417,568,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. obcordata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has recently been applied to an assumed trans-North American species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB2FFA01DC97DD3FECCF9EF" author="Campbell" box="[159,343,1512,1538]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" refString="Campbell, J. M. (1991) Zopheridae, pg. 252. In: Y. Bousquet, (ed.) Checklist of the beetles of Canada and Alaska. Agriculture Canada Publication 1861 / E. Canada Communications Group-Publishing, Ottawa." type="book chapter" year="1991">Campbell 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Ivie 2002), but is here restricted to the species occurring in Eastern North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8588765EFFB2FFA019917DD3FAABF9EF" box="[1223,1328,1512,1538]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The historical discussion of the North American species names has been tumultuous and has included very little diagnostic support. A summary of this history is provided in the taxonomic history of the genus above. The difficulty in separating the two North American species was frequently acknowledged by ambiguous characterizations of the relationship (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB2FFA01F567EB3FD36F94F" author="LeConte" box="[512,685,1672,1698]" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" refString="LeConte, J. L. (1853) Description of twenty n. sp. of Coleoptera inhabiting the U. S. Proceedings of the Academy of National Science of Philadelphia 6, 226 - 235." type="journal article" year="1853">LeConte 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB2FFA01FEC7EB3FCA7F94F" author="Horn" box="[698,828,1672,1698]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" refString="Horn, G. H. (1870) Revision of the Tenebrionidae of America, North of Mexico. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 2, 271 - 273." type="journal article" year="1870">Horn 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB2FFA01E1F7EB3FBF7F94F" author="LeConte" box="[841,1132,1672,1698]" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" refString="LeConte, J. L. & Horn, G. H. (1883) Classification of the Coleoptera of North America. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 507, i - xxxviii + 1 - 567." type="journal article" year="1883">LeConte and Horn 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), or stated as very clearly defined (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB2FFA01DA87E8BFE07F927" author="Casey" box="[254,412,1712,1738]" pageId="12" pageNumber="26" refString="Casey, T. L. (1907 a) Notes on Chalcolepidius and the Zopherini. Canadian Entomologist, 39, 35 - 46." type="journal article" year="1907" yearSuffix="a">Casey 1907a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We have found that 100% of specimens can be assigned to one of the 2 North American species recognized here using the characters in the key and diagnosis. These characters are correlated with a geographic division across the North American Great Plains. This division is well supported based on the glaciations and subsequent drying out of the North American Great Plains (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB2FFA0196F7F13FA92F8AF" author="Kavanaugh" box="[1081,1289,1832,1858]" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" refString="Kavanaugh, D. H. (1988) The insect fauna of the Pacific Northwest Coast of North America: present patterns and affinities and their origins. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 144, 125 - 149." type="journal article" year="1988">Kavanaugh 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB2FFA0184C7F13FEFFF887" author="Marek" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" refString="Marek, P. E. & Kavanaugh, D. H. (2005) The evolutionary relationships of North American Diplous Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Patrobini) inferred from morphological and molecular evidence. Invertebrate Systematics, 19, 145 - 168." type="journal article" year="2005">Marek and Kavanaugh 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Hopefully this taxonomic confusion has now been resolved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD2036CEFFB2FFA11D907F43FF78FEEF" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,152,258]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Roughly 40% of specimens examined were collected pre-1940, and represented a more geographically broad distribution than the post-1940 specimens. This may be an indication of a negative correlation between human disturbance in Eastern North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8588765EFFB2FFA01F187FF3FD28F80F" box="[590,691,1992,2018]" name="United States of America" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
and habitat availability. The post-World War II distribution of this species appears to be restricted to highly fragmented old growth remnants of a historically widespread forested habitat and has drawn some interest as a biological indicator of old growth forest habitats (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="990E4B3FFFB3FFA1181E78FBFF4DFEEF" author="Steiner" pageId="13" pageNumber="28" refString="Steiner, W. E., Jr. (1992) " Ironclad Beetles, " family Zopheridae, in Maryland: notes on the natural history and distribution of Phellopsis obcordata (Kirby). Maryland Naturalist [1991] 35, 25 - 30." type="journal article" year="1992">Steiner 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |