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<document id="238F7196A665B9B36B97DAEA8193B00D" ID-CLB-Dataset="58763" ID-DOI="10.12651/JSR.2020.9.1.011" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7d89a15f-4a4a-4932-a2dc-5763ce57231e" ID-ISSN="2713-8615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8120496" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1688645620099" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kim, Sam-Kyu" docDate="2020" docId="03D3BA06F347FF95B57EFB51473DFD8D" docLanguage="en" docName="JSpeciesRes.9.1.11-18.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Species Research 9 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372.1:JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="4D398BFF45FF8CA9E08F546BB06AE372" docStyleName="JSpeciesRes.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki 1935" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="FFEAC27EF345FF91B639FFA8430BFF92" masterDocTitle="Two new genera of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Korea" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1699535238276" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="5C96A6483CE0C824C78D1F9BF348C3D7">Two new genera of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8364C3E7EB40DCF71723EF9F65963945">Kim, Sam-Kyu</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="D08DBC7CF347FF93B57EFB514655FA80" bold="true" box="[839,1374,1273,1298]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" reason="4">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F347FF93B57EFB514655FA80" bold="true" box="[839,1374,1273,1298]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C7A7093F347FF93B57EFB5147E8FA80" ID-CoL="4MVSW" ID-ENA="154774" authority="Shiraki, 1935" authorityName="Shiraki" authorityYear="1935" box="[839,1251,1273,1298]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiotoense">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F347FF93B57EFB51474EFA83" bold="true" box="[839,1093,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Prosimulium kiotoense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B275FB5247E8FA80" author="Shiraki, T." box="[1100,1251,1274,1298]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 90" refId="ref6329" refString="Shiraki, T. 1935. Simuliidae of Japan Empire. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Taihoku Imperial Uni- versity 16: 1 - 90 + 14 plates." type="book chapter" year="1935">Shiraki, 1935</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13411795F347FF93B2D6FB524631FA80" box="[1263,1338,1274,1298]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[174,207,1096,1118]" captionTargetBox="[234,1371,255,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-369@2.[222,1395,252,1068]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Pupa of Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki. (A) Pupa with cocoon, lateral view; (B) Pupa (cocoon removed), dorsolateral view; (C) Head, anterolateral view; (D) Head and thorax, dorsal view; (E) Gill filament, lateral view; (F) Abdomen, dorsal view; (G) Abdomen, later- al view. Scale bars, 1 mm (A, B); 100 μm (C); 500 μm (D-G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8120498/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13411795F347FF93B371FB52465DFA80" box="[1352,1366,1274,1298]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,177,1175,1197]" captionTargetBox="[198,1358,270,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-425@3.[197,1359,260,1140]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Larva of Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki. (A) Larva, lateral and dorsal view; (B) Head, dorsal view; (C) Labral fan (detached from the head); (D) Head, dorsolateral view; (E) Head, ventral view; (F) Hypostoma, phase contrast photomicrograph; (G) Prothoracic proleg, lateral view; (H) Posterior circlet, phase contrast photomicrograph. Scale bars, 1 mm(A); 200 μm (B-E, G); 100μm (H); 50μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8120500/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">2</figureCitation>
)
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADB2D01F347FF93B57EFAB247F4FAA0" author="Shiraki, T." box="[839,1279,1306,1330]" page="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" year="1935">
<taxonomicName id="4C7A7093F347FF93B57EFAB247F4FAA0" ID-CoL="4MVSW" authority="Shiraki, 1935: 6" authorityName="Shiraki" authorityPageNumber="6" authorityYear="1935" box="[839,1279,1306,1330]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiotoense">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F347FF93B57EFAB2474AFAA0" box="[839,1089,1306,1330]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Prosimulium kiotoense</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B273FAB247F4FAA0" author="Shiraki, T." box="[1098,1279,1306,1330]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 90" refId="ref6329" refString="Shiraki, T. 1935. Simuliidae of Japan Empire. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science and Agriculture, Taihoku Imperial Uni- versity 16: 1 - 90 + 14 plates." type="book chapter" year="1935">Shiraki, 1935: 6</bibRefCitation>
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. 
<typeStatus id="54C1B5B2F347FF93B335FAB2464AFAA0" box="[1292,1345,1306,1330]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Type</typeStatus>
locality: 
<collectingRegion id="49BEC5F2F347FF93B567FA9340A9FAC1" box="[862,930,1339,1363]" country="Japan" name="Kyoto" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Kyoto</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F36D4B80F347FF93B595FA9340E0FAC0" box="[940,1003,1339,1362]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Japan</collectingCountry>
.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7A7093F347FF93B57EFAF24631FAE0" ID-CoL="4MVSW" authority=": Saito &amp; Kajihara, 1975" authorityName="Saito &amp; Kajihara" authorityYear="1975" box="[839,1338,1370,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiotoense">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F347FF93B57EFAF2473EFAE0" box="[839,1077,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Prosimulium kiotoense</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B27CFAF24631FAE0" author="Saito, K. &amp; N. Kajihara" box="[1093,1338,1370,1395]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" pagination="55 - 60" refId="ref5782" refString="Saito, K. and N. Kajihara. 1975. Studies on black flies (Sim- uliidae, Diptera) in the winter season in Yamanashi pre- fecture. Medical Entomology and Zoology 26: 55 - 60 (in Japanese with English abstract)." type="journal article" year="1975">Saito &amp; Kajihara, 1975</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Japanese record); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B585FAD34771FA01" author="Saito, K. &amp; H. Sato &amp; Y. Nakamura &amp; A. Kanayama" box="[956,1146,1403,1427]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" pagination="77 - 82" refId="ref6156" refString="Saito, K., H. Sato, Y. Nakamura and A. Kanayama. 1983. Studies on the ecology of blackflies (Simuliidae: Diptera) 3. Notes on distribution of blackflies in Ishikawa prefec- ture. Medical Entomology and Zoology 34: 77 - 82 (in Japa- nese with English summary)." type="journal article" year="1983">
Saito 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F347FF93B5C5FAD3473FFA01" box="[1020,1076,1403,1427]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
, 1983
</bibRefCitation>
(Japanese record); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B376FAD340F1FA21" author="Baba, M. &amp; H. Takaoka" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" pagination="71 - 73" refId="ref5148" refString="Baba, M. and H. Takaoka. 1985. Notes on blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) and their larval parasites in the island of Togo, Oki Island. Medical Entomology and Zoology 36: 71 - 73." type="journal article" year="1985">Baba &amp; Takaoka, 1985</bibRefCitation>
(Japanese record and ecology); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B368FA3340FDFA41" author="Baba, M. &amp; H. Takaoka" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" pagination="271 - 276" refId="ref5190" refString="Baba, M. and H. Takaoka. 1988. Distribution and seasonal prevalence of two blackfly species of the genus Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Kyushu, Japan. Medical Entomology and Zoology 39: 271 - 276." type="journal article" year="1988">Baba &amp; Takaoka, 1988</bibRefCitation>
(ecology); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B253FA134612FA41" author="Saito, K. &amp; H. Sato &amp; F. Yuzawa" box="[1130,1305,1467,1491]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" pagination="147 - 150" refId="ref6270" refString="Saito, K., H. Sato and F. Yuzawa. 1988. Studies on the ecol- ogy of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) (13) Fauna of the blackflies in Tochigi prefecture in spring. Medical Ento- mology and Zoology 39: 147 - 150 (in Japanese with En- glish summary)." type="journal article" year="1988">
Saito 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F347FF93B29CFA1447D2FA41" box="[1189,1241,1467,1491]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
, 1988
</bibRefCitation>
(Japanese record); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B59BFA744796FA66" author="Baba, M. &amp; H. Takaoka" box="[930,1181,1500,1524]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" pagination="214 - 218" refId="ref5233" refString="Baba, M. and H. Takaoka. 1991 a. Laval instars and growth pattern of a univoltine black fly, Prosimulium kiotoense (Diptera: Simuliidae), in Kyushu, Japan. Journal of Medi- cal Entomology 28: 214 - 218." type="journal article" year="1991">Baba &amp; Takaoka, 1991a</bibRefCitation>
(ecology); Baba &amp; Takaoka, 1991b (ecology); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B27FFA54463EF986" author="Baba, M. &amp; H. Takaoka" box="[1094,1333,1532,1556]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" pagination="430 - 435" refId="ref5324" refString="Baba, M. and H. Takaoka. 1992. Dormancy, embryogenesis, and hatching of eggs of Prosimulium kiotoense (Diptera: Simuliidae) under natural and experimental conditions. Journal of Medical Entomology 29: 430 - 435." type="journal article" year="1992">Baba &amp; Takaoka, 1992</bibRefCitation>
(ecology); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B567F9B440D8F9A6" author="Saito, K." box="[862,979,1564,1588]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" pagination="13 - 20" refId="ref5745" refString="Saito, K. 2015. Origin of scientific name and Japanese com- mon name of Japanese black flies. Medical Entomology and Zoology 66: 13 - 20 (in Japanese with English abstract)." type="journal article" year="2015">Saito, 2015</bibRefCitation>
(Japanese list and name); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B2D9F9B44650F9A6" author="Adler, P. H." box="[1248,1371,1564,1588]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" refId="ref5048" refString="Adler, P. H. 2019. World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): A Comprehensive Revision of the Taxonomic and Geo- graphical Inventory. [Available from http: // www. clemson. edu / cafls / biomia / pdfs / blackflyinventory. pdf accessed 6 Jan. 2020]." type="url" year="2019">Adler, 2019</bibRefCitation>
(world checklist).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC50B10F347FF93B57EF9F4464DF8C4" blockId="2.[839,1444,1273,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C7A7093F347FF93B57EF9F4409FF907" ID-CoL="4MVSW" authority=": Uemoto et al., 1973" authorityName="Uemoto" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiotoense" subGenus="Prosimulium">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F347FF93B57EF9F440DEF9E6" box="[839,981,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Prosimulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90ED702F347FF93B5DCF9F44778F9E6" box="[997,1139,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Prosimulium</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F347FF93B2BFF9F447E4F9E6" box="[1158,1263,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">kiotoense</emphasis>
: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B339F9F5409FF907" author="Uemoto, K &amp; O. Onishi &amp; T. Orii" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" pagination="27 - 46" refId="ref6589" refString="Uemoto, K, O. Onishi and T. Orii. 1973. Revision of the ge- nus Prosimulium Roubaud (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Japan. I. hirtipes - group in the subgenus Prosimulium. Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology 24: 27 - 46." type="journal article" year="1973">
Uemoto 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F347FF93B35AF9F54696F9E6" box="[1379,1437,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
, 1973
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(revision); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B22FF9D54626F907" author="Matsuo, K. &amp; K. Uemoto" box="[1046,1325,1661,1685]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" pagination="129 - 134" refId="ref5404" refString="Matsuo, K. and K. Uemoto. 1975. Scanning electron microscopy of black flies II. The hairs on dorsal cuticles of abdominal segments of larvae of 6 species from Japan. Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology 26: 129 - 134." type="journal article" year="1975">Matsuo &amp; Uemoto, 1975</bibRefCitation>
(ultrastucture); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B5A4F935476FF927" author="Saito, K. &amp; H. Sato" box="[925,1124,1693,1717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" pagination="109 - 116" refId="ref6053" refString="Saito, K. and H. Sato. 1984. Studies on the ecology of black- flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) (4) Fauna of blackflies in Wakayama prefecture. Medical Entomology and Zoology 35: 109 - 116 (in Japanese with English summary)." type="journal article" year="1984">Saito &amp; Sato, 1984</bibRefCitation>
(Japanese record); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B314F9354098F947" author="Saito, K. &amp; H. Sato &amp; A. Kanayama" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" pagination="363 - 366" refId="ref6103" refString="Saito, K., H. Sato and A. Kanayama. 1985. Studies on the ecology of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) (7) Fauna of blackflies in Saitama prefecture. Medical Entomology and Zoology 36: 363 - 366 (in Japanese with English summary)." type="journal article" year="1985">
Saito 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F347FF93B350F9364695F927" box="[1385,1438,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
, 1985
</bibRefCitation>
(Japanese record); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B266F915461EF944" author="Saito, K. &amp; A. Kanayama &amp; K. Uemoto" box="[1119,1301,1725,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" pagination="105 - 110" refId="ref5881" refString="Saito, K., A. Kanayama and K. Uemoto. 1990. Studies on the ecology of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) (16) Fauna of the blackflies in Fukui prefecture in autumn. Medical Entomology and Zoology 41: 105 - 110 (in Japanese with English abstract)." type="journal article" year="1990">
Saito 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F347FF93B2A5F91647D9F947" box="[1180,1234,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
, 1990
</bibRefCitation>
(Japanese record); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B59DF9764757F964" author="Saito, K. &amp; H. Sato &amp; K. Uemoto" box="[932,1116,1758,1782]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" pagination="407 - 412" refId="ref6216" refString="Saito, K., H. Sato and K. Uemoto. 1993. Studies on the ecol- ogy of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) 19. Fauna of the blackflies in Nara prefecture. Medical Entomology and Zoology 44: 407 - 412 (in Japanese with English summary)." type="journal article" year="1993">
Saito 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F347FF93B5DBF9764712F964" box="[994,1049,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
, 1993
</bibRefCitation>
(Japanese record); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B310F9764094F884" author="Saito, K. &amp; A. Kanayama &amp; K. Uemoto" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" pagination="293 - 299" refId="ref5937" refString="Saito, K., A. Kanayama and K. Uemoto. 1996 a. Studies on the ecology of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) 31. Fauna of the blackflies in Hiroshima prefecture in spring. Medical Entomology and Zoology 47: 293 - 299 (in Japanese with English abstract)." type="journal article" year="1996">
Saito 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F347FF93B35EF9764695F964" box="[1383,1438,1758,1782]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
, 1996a
</bibRefCitation>
(Japanese record); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B249F956463CF884" author="Saito, K. &amp; A. Kanayama &amp; H. Hayakawa &amp; K. Uemoto" box="[1136,1335,1790,1814]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" pagination="87 - 96" refId="ref5993" refString="Saito, K., A. Kanayama, H. Hayakawa and K. Uemoto. 1996 b. Studies on the ecology of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) 29. Fauna of the blackflies in Iwate prefecture in spring. Medical Entomology and Zoology 47: 87 - 96 (in Japanese with English abstract)." type="journal article" year="1996">
Saito 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F347FF93B296F95747EDF884" box="[1199,1254,1790,1814]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
, 1996b
</bibRefCitation>
(Japanese record); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B584F8B647DEF8A4" author="Saito, K. &amp; A. Kanayama" box="[957,1237,1822,1847]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" pagination="95 - 101" refId="ref5829" refString="Saito, K. and A. Kanayama. 2002. Studies on the ecology of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) 44. Fauna of the blackflies in Okayama prefecture in spring. Medical Entomology and Zoology 53: 95 - 101 (in Japanese with English ab- stract)." type="journal article" year="2002">Saito &amp; Kanayama, 2002</bibRefCitation>
(Japanese record); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B567F89740FFF8C4" author="Uemoto, K." box="[862,1012,1854,1878]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" pagination="1007 - 1033" refId="ref6540" refString="Uemoto, K. 2005. Simuliidae. In: T. Kawai and K. Tanada (eds.), Aquatic insects of Japan: manual with keys and illustrations, Tokai University Press, Japan. pp. 1007 - 1033 (in Japanese)." type="book chapter" year="2005">Uemoto, 2005</bibRefCitation>
(Japanese key and illustrations).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC50B10F347FF93B57EF8F746AFF84A" blockId="2.[839,1444,1273,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="4C7A7093F347FF93B57EF8F74728F8E5" ID-CoL="4MVSJ" baseAuthorityName="Fries" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[839,1059,1887,1911]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtipes">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F347FF93B57EF8F74728F8E5" box="[839,1059,1887,1911]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Prosimulium hirtipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, not Fries: 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B2A3F8F74667F8E5" author="Ogata, K. &amp; M. Sasa" box="[1178,1388,1887,1911]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" pagination="325 - 333" refId="ref5504" refString="Ogata, K. and M. Sasa. 1954. Taxonomic notes on Simuliidae or black flies of Japan, with special references on the sub- genera Eusimulium Roubaud and Nevermannia Enderlein (Diptera). Japanese Journal of Experimental Medicine 24: 325 - 333." type="journal article" year="1954">Ogata &amp; Sasa, 1954</bibRefCitation>
(Japanese list); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B5EFF8D7477CF805" author="Bentinck, W." box="[982,1143,1919,1943]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" refId="ref5367" refString="Bentinck, W. 1955. The black flies of Japan and Korea (Dip- tera: Simuliidae). 406 th Medical General Laboratory, To- kyo, Japan. 23 pp + 32 figures." type="book" year="1955">Bentinck, 1955</bibRefCitation>
(key and illustrations); Ogata &amp; Sasa, 1955 (Japanese key and illustration); Shogaki, 1956 (Japanese list); 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F347FF93B261F868463EF845" author="Ogata, K. &amp; M. Fukui" box="[1112,1333,1983,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" pagination="127 - 135" refId="ref5450" refString="Ogata, K. and M. Fukui. 1957. Studies on the habitat segre- gation and its seasonal succession of early stages of black flies in a stream in suburbs of Tokyo. Medical Entomolo- gy and Zoology 8: 127 - 135 (in Japanese with English sum- mary)." type="journal article" year="1957">
Ogata &amp; 
<collectingRegion id="49BEC5F2F347FF93B28EF86847FCF84A" box="[1207,1271,1984,2008]" country="Japan" name="Fukui" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Fukui</collectingRegion>
, 1957
</bibRefCitation>
(ecology).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF055B98F346FF92B6A9FB3F463CFB71" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120500" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8120500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8120500/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" startId="3.[144,177,1175,1197]" targetBox="[198,1358,270,1139]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BC50B10F346FF92B6A9FB3F463CFB71" blockId="3.[144,1414,1175,1251]" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F346FF92B6A9FB3F43C6FB3E" bold="true" box="[144,205,1175,1197]" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
Larva of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A7093F346FF92B710FB3F4141FB3F" authority="Shiraki." authorityName="Shiraki." box="[297,586,1175,1197]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiotoense">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F346FF92B710FB3F42F0FB3E" box="[297,507,1175,1196]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Prosimulium kiotoense</emphasis>
Shiraki.
</taxonomicName>
(A) Larva, lateral and dorsal view; (B) Head, dorsal view; (C) Labral fan (detached from the head); (D) Head, dorsolateral view; (E) Head, ventral view; (F) Hypostoma, phase contrast photomicrograph; (G) Prothoracic proleg, lateral view; (H) Posterior circlet, phase contrast photomicrograph. Scale bars, 1 mm (A); 200 μm (B- E, G); 100 μm (H); 50 μm (F).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C360589BF346FF92B6A9FA814153F990" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BC50B10F346FF92B6A9FA814153F990" blockId="3.[144,749,1321,1990]" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F346FF92B6A9FA81420EFAD3" bold="true" box="[144,261,1321,1345]" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7A7093F346FF92B737FA81410CFAD3" box="[270,519,1321,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiotoense">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F346FF92B737FA81410CFAD3" box="[270,519,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Prosimulium kiotoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily distinguished from other Korean black flies by the following characteristics: cocoon amorphous, entirely cover the pupa; gill of 16 filaments; larval antenna with proximal and medial article pale, distal article brown; labral fan with 32 rays; hypostoma with median tooth prominent, trifid; postgenal cleft shallow, apex straight.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C360589BF346FF95B6A9F9A341F7FC93" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC50B10F346FF92B6A9F9A347B1F9F1" blockId="3.[144,749,1321,1990]" lastBlockId="3.[809,1414,1321,1991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F346FF92B6A9F9A34210F9B1" bold="true" box="[144,283,1547,1571]" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Description.</emphasis>
Pupa. Body length 
<quantity id="4C82A6F5F346FF92B7C8F9A34157F9B0" box="[497,604,1547,1571]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="2.85" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.7">2.7-3 mm</quantity>
(n = 7). Pupa (
<figureCitation id="13411795F346FF92B6A1F9834216F9D1" box="[152,285,1579,1603]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[174,207,1096,1118]" captionTargetBox="[234,1371,255,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-369@2.[222,1395,252,1068]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Pupa of Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki. (A) Pupa with cocoon, lateral view; (B) Pupa (cocoon removed), dorsolateral view; (C) Head, anterolateral view; (D) Head and thorax, dorsal view; (E) Gill filament, lateral view; (F) Abdomen, dorsal view; (G) Abdomen, later- al view. Scale bars, 1 mm (A, B); 100 μm (C); 500 μm (D-G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8120498/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1A, 1B</figureCitation>
) brown to light brown ground color. Gill (
<figureCitation id="13411795F346FF92B6A1F9E34215F9F1" box="[152,286,1611,1635]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[174,207,1096,1118]" captionTargetBox="[234,1371,255,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-369@2.[222,1395,252,1068]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Pupa of Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki. (A) Pupa with cocoon, lateral view; (B) Pupa (cocoon removed), dorsolateral view; (C) Head, anterolateral view; (D) Head and thorax, dorsal view; (E) Gill filament, lateral view; (F) Abdomen, dorsal view; (G) Abdomen, later- al view. Scale bars, 1 mm (A, B); 100 μm (C); 500 μm (D-G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8120498/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1B, 1E</figureCitation>
) with 16 filaments in 3 main stems; uppermost stem with 3 stalks, give rise to 8 filaments arranged in 2 + (1 + 2) + (1 + 2); middle and lowermost stems each with 2 stalks, give rise to 8 filaments in (2 + 2) arrangement, 0.6 × as long as pupal body length. Head (
<figureCitation id="13411795F346FF92B6A1F945421CF897" box="[152,279,1773,1797]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[174,207,1096,1118]" captionTargetBox="[234,1371,255,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-369@2.[222,1395,252,1068]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Pupa of Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki. (A) Pupa with cocoon, lateral view; (B) Pupa (cocoon removed), dorsolateral view; (C) Head, anterolateral view; (D) Head and thorax, dorsal view; (E) Gill filament, lateral view; (F) Abdomen, dorsal view; (G) Abdomen, later- al view. Scale bars, 1 mm (A, B); 100 μm (C); 500 μm (D-G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8120498/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1C, 1D</figureCitation>
) with cephalic apotome light brown, densely covered with small tubercles; frontal trichome 3 pairs, simple; facial trichome 1 pair, simple. Thorax (
<figureCitation id="13411795F346FF92B4ABF88543BBF8F7" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[174,207,1096,1118]" captionTargetBox="[234,1371,255,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-369@2.[222,1395,252,1068]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Pupa of Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki. (A) Pupa with cocoon, lateral view; (B) Pupa (cocoon removed), dorsolateral view; (C) Head, anterolateral view; (D) Head and thorax, dorsal view; (E) Gill filament, lateral view; (F) Abdomen, dorsal view; (G) Abdomen, later- al view. Scale bars, 1 mm (A, B); 100 μm (C); 500 μm (D-G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8120498/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1B, 1D</figureCitation>
) brown, densely covered with small tubercles; thoracic trichome 5-6 pairs, long, simple. Abdomen (
<figureCitation id="13411795F346FF92B4F9F8C643DCF834" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[174,207,1096,1118]" captionTargetBox="[234,1371,255,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-369@2.[222,1395,252,1068]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Pupa of Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki. (A) Pupa with cocoon, lateral view; (B) Pupa (cocoon removed), dorsolateral view; (C) Head, anterolateral view; (D) Head and thorax, dorsal view; (E) Gill filament, lateral view; (F) Abdomen, dorsal view; (G) Abdomen, later- al view. Scale bars, 1 mm (A, B); 100 μm (C); 500 μm (D-G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8120498/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1F, 1G</figureCitation>
) densely covered with small tubercles; abdominal tergite II with 4 pairs of subapical setae; tergites III and VI apically with 4 pairs of anterior directed hooks; tergites V- IX anteriorly with distinct spine combs; tergites VI- VIII with spin at posterolateral margin of each tergites; tergite VIII with 3 pairs of long golden setae. Abdominal sternum (
<figureCitation id="13411795F346FF92B5D5FA02474BFA50" box="[1004,1088,1450,1474]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[174,207,1096,1118]" captionTargetBox="[234,1371,255,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-369@2.[222,1395,252,1068]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Pupa of Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki. (A) Pupa with cocoon, lateral view; (B) Pupa (cocoon removed), dorsolateral view; (C) Head, anterolateral view; (D) Head and thorax, dorsal view; (E) Gill filament, lateral view; (F) Abdomen, dorsal view; (G) Abdomen, later- al view. Scale bars, 1 mm (A, B); 100 μm (C); 500 μm (D-G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8120498/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
) with sternite IV with 2 pairs of small hooks; sternite Vwith 2 pairs of large hooks; sternites VI and VII with 1 pair of hook. Terminal spine (
<figureCitation id="13411795F346FF92B508F9A3408EF9B1" box="[817,901,1547,1571]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[174,207,1096,1118]" captionTargetBox="[234,1371,255,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-369@2.[222,1395,252,1068]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Pupa of Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki. (A) Pupa with cocoon, lateral view; (B) Pupa (cocoon removed), dorsolateral view; (C) Head, anterolateral view; (D) Head and thorax, dorsal view; (E) Gill filament, lateral view; (F) Abdomen, dorsal view; (G) Abdomen, later- al view. Scale bars, 1 mm (A, B); 100 μm (C); 500 μm (D-G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8120498/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1G</figureCitation>
) well developed, long, directed anteriorly. Cocoon (
<figureCitation id="13411795F346FF92B553F98340B6F9D1" box="[874,957,1579,1603]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[174,207,1096,1118]" captionTargetBox="[234,1371,255,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-369@2.[222,1395,252,1068]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Pupa of Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki. (A) Pupa with cocoon, lateral view; (B) Pupa (cocoon removed), dorsolateral view; (C) Head, anterolateral view; (D) Head and thorax, dorsal view; (E) Gill filament, lateral view; (F) Abdomen, dorsal view; (G) Abdomen, later- al view. Scale bars, 1 mm (A, B); 100 μm (C); 500 μm (D-G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8120498/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
) amorphous, loosely woven, entirely cover the pupa and base of gill filaments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC50B10F346FF95B510F9C4400AFD8D" blockId="3.[809,1414,1321,1991]" lastBlockId="4.[174,783,261,1995]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
Larva (penultimate instar). Body length 
<quantity id="4C82A6F5F346FF92B2D8F9C34639F911" box="[1249,1330,1643,1667]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="5.3">5.3 mm</quantity>
(n = 1). Body (
<figureCitation id="13411795F346FF92B548F92440CCF936" box="[881,967,1676,1700]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,177,1175,1197]" captionTargetBox="[198,1358,270,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-425@3.[197,1359,260,1140]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Larva of Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki. (A) Larva, lateral and dorsal view; (B) Head, dorsal view; (C) Labral fan (detached from the head); (D) Head, dorsolateral view; (E) Head, ventral view; (F) Hypostoma, phase contrast photomicrograph; (G) Prothoracic proleg, lateral view; (H) Posterior circlet, phase contrast photomicrograph. Scale bars, 1 mm(A); 200 μm (B-E, G); 100μm (H); 50μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8120500/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
) brownish grey ground color. Head capsule (
<figureCitation id="13411795F346FF92B55DF90440B2F956" box="[868,953,1708,1732]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[174,207,1096,1118]" captionTargetBox="[234,1371,255,1064]" captionTargetId="figure-369@2.[222,1395,252,1068]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Pupa of Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki. (A) Pupa with cocoon, lateral view; (B) Pupa (cocoon removed), dorsolateral view; (C) Head, anterolateral view; (D) Head and thorax, dorsal view; (E) Gill filament, lateral view; (F) Abdomen, dorsal view; (G) Abdomen, later- al view. Scale bars, 1 mm (A, B); 100 μm (C); 500 μm (D-G)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120498" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8120498/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
) brown to light brown. Head spots (
<figureCitation id="13411795F346FF92B360F9044042F976" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,177,1175,1197]" captionTargetBox="[198,1358,270,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-425@3.[197,1359,260,1140]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Larva of Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki. (A) Larva, lateral and dorsal view; (B) Head, dorsal view; (C) Labral fan (detached from the head); (D) Head, dorsolateral view; (E) Head, ventral view; (F) Hypostoma, phase contrast photomicrograph; (G) Prothoracic proleg, lateral view; (H) Posterior circlet, phase contrast photomicrograph. Scale bars, 1 mm(A); 200 μm (B-E, G); 100μm (H); 50μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8120500/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
) with anteromedial spots distinct, other spots indistinct. Labral fan (
<figureCitation id="13411795F346FF92B5D9F9454738F897" box="[992,1075,1773,1797]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,177,1175,1197]" captionTargetBox="[198,1358,270,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-425@3.[197,1359,260,1140]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Larva of Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki. (A) Larva, lateral and dorsal view; (B) Head, dorsal view; (C) Labral fan (detached from the head); (D) Head, dorsolateral view; (E) Head, ventral view; (F) Hypostoma, phase contrast photomicrograph; (G) Prothoracic proleg, lateral view; (H) Posterior circlet, phase contrast photomicrograph. Scale bars, 1 mm(A); 200 μm (B-E, G); 100μm (H); 50μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8120500/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
) with 32 primary rays. Antenna (
<figureCitation id="13411795F346FF92B508F8A5408CF8B7" box="[817,903,1805,1829]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,177,1175,1197]" captionTargetBox="[198,1358,270,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-425@3.[197,1359,260,1140]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Larva of Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki. (A) Larva, lateral and dorsal view; (B) Head, dorsal view; (C) Labral fan (detached from the head); (D) Head, dorsolateral view; (E) Head, ventral view; (F) Hypostoma, phase contrast photomicrograph; (G) Prothoracic proleg, lateral view; (H) Posterior circlet, phase contrast photomicrograph. Scale bars, 1 mm(A); 200 μm (B-E, G); 100μm (H); 50μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8120500/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
) with proximal and medial article transparent, distal article brown, as long as labral fan stem, gradually tapered toward apex; proportional ratio from proximal to distal article as 0.8: 1: 1.2. Postgenal cleft (
<figureCitation id="13411795F346FF92B363F8C64042F834" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,177,1175,1197]" captionTargetBox="[198,1358,270,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-425@3.[197,1359,260,1140]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Larva of Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki. (A) Larva, lateral and dorsal view; (B) Head, dorsal view; (C) Labral fan (detached from the head); (D) Head, dorsolateral view; (E) Head, ventral view; (F) Hypostoma, phase contrast photomicrograph; (G) Prothoracic proleg, lateral view; (H) Posterior circlet, phase contrast photomicrograph. Scale bars, 1 mm(A); 200 μm (B-E, G); 100μm (H); 50μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8120500/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
) shallow, apex straight or quadrate, laterally with elongate lateral spot. Hypostoma (
<figureCitation id="13411795F346FF92B2A2F80647E6F854" box="[1179,1261,1966,1990]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,177,1175,1197]" captionTargetBox="[198,1358,270,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-425@3.[197,1359,260,1140]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Larva of Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki. (A) Larva, lateral and dorsal view; (B) Head, dorsal view; (C) Labral fan (detached from the head); (D) Head, dorsolateral view; (E) Head, ventral view; (F) Hypostoma, phase contrast photomicrograph; (G) Prothoracic proleg, lateral view; (H) Posterior circlet, phase contrast photomicrograph. Scale bars, 1 mm(A); 200 μm (B-E, G); 100μm (H); 50μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8120500/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="14">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
) with 7 teeth, apically pointed; median tooth prominent, trifid, lateral teeth longer and larger than sublateral teeth, intermediate teeth well developed. Hypostomal seta 3 pairs, simple. Subesophageal ganglion (
<figureCitation id="13411795F341FF95B7C4FECE4159FEEC" box="[509,594,358,382]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,177,1175,1197]" captionTargetBox="[198,1358,270,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-425@3.[197,1359,260,1140]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Larva of Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki. (A) Larva, lateral and dorsal view; (B) Head, dorsal view; (C) Labral fan (detached from the head); (D) Head, dorsolateral view; (E) Head, ventral view; (F) Hypostoma, phase contrast photomicrograph; (G) Prothoracic proleg, lateral view; (H) Posterior circlet, phase contrast photomicrograph. Scale bars, 1 mm(A); 200 μm (B-E, G); 100μm (H); 50μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8120500/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
) not pigmented. Prothoracic proleg (
<figureCitation id="13411795F341FF95B7BBFE2E42DDFE0C" box="[386,470,390,414]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,177,1175,1197]" captionTargetBox="[198,1358,270,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-425@3.[197,1359,260,1140]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Larva of Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki. (A) Larva, lateral and dorsal view; (B) Head, dorsal view; (C) Labral fan (detached from the head); (D) Head, dorsolateral view; (E) Head, ventral view; (F) Hypostoma, phase contrast photomicrograph; (G) Prothoracic proleg, lateral view; (H) Posterior circlet, phase contrast photomicrograph. Scale bars, 1 mm(A); 200 μm (B-E, G); 100μm (H); 50μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8120500/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
) with well developed lateral sclerite, vertical portion well developed. Rectal papillae with 3 simple lobes. Posterior proleg (
<figureCitation id="13411795F341FF95B47EFE6F4190FE4D" box="[583,667,455,479]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[144,177,1175,1197]" captionTargetBox="[198,1358,270,1139]" captionTargetId="figure-425@3.[197,1359,260,1140]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 2. Larva of Prosimulium kiotoense Shiraki. (A) Larva, lateral and dorsal view; (B) Head, dorsal view; (C) Labral fan (detached from the head); (D) Head, dorsolateral view; (E) Head, ventral view; (F) Hypostoma, phase contrast photomicrograph; (G) Prothoracic proleg, lateral view; (H) Posterior circlet, phase contrast photomicrograph. Scale bars, 1 mm(A); 200 μm (B-E, G); 100μm (H); 50μm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8120500" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8120500/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Fig. 2H</figureCitation>
) with 10- 13 hooks in 68 rows. Anal sclerite Xshaped with anterodorsal arms clearly longer than the posteroventral arms.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC50B10F341FF95B697FD8F41F7FC93" blockId="4.[174,783,261,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B697FD8F42A5FDAD" bold="true" box="[174,430,551,575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Specimens examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B12014DF341FF95B781FD80424AFD32" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4152954302" collectingDate="2019-05-10" collectingDateMax="2019-05-22" collectingDateMin="2019-05-10" collectorName="SK Kim" country="South Korea" county="Buk-myeon" elevation="290" latitude="37.93528" location="Gapyeongcheon" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="127.48833" municipality="Jeokmok-ri" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="297" specimenCount-pupa="7" stateProvince="Gyeonggi">
<collectingCountry id="F36D4B80F341FF95B781FD8042F4FDAD" box="[440,511,552,575]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Korea</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49BEC5F2F341FF95B435FD8F4194FDAD" box="[524,671,551,575]" country="South Korea" name="Gyeonggi" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Gyeonggi-do</collectingRegion>
, Gapyeong-gun, 
<collectingCounty id="62A4739CF341FF95B73DFDE04289FDF2" box="[260,386,584,608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Buk-myeon</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA1916AF341FF95B7B5FDE0410EFDF2" box="[396,517,584,608]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Jeokmok-ri</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EA55DCBF341FF95B436FDE041B3FDF2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D3BA06F347FF95B57EFB51473DFD8D:8EA55DCBF341FF95B436FDE041B3FDF2" box="[527,696,584,608]" country="South Korea" county="Buk-myeon" latitude="37.93528" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="127.48833" municipality="Jeokmok-ri" name="Gapyeongcheon" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="Gyeonggi">Gapyeongcheon</location>
stream, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4E6DD7F341FF95B697FDC04220FDED" box="[174,299,614,640]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" precision="15" seconds="48" value="37.963333">
37°57 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B6D4FDCE43F8FD12" bold="true" box="[237,243,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">ʹ</emphasis>
48 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B735FDCE421DFD12" bold="true" box="[268,278,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">ʺ</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4E6DD7F341FF95B701FDC042B4FDED" box="[312,447,614,640]" degrees="127" direction="east" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" precision="15" seconds="58" value="127.44945">
127°26 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B7BDFDCE4281FD12" bold="true" box="[388,394,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">ʹ</emphasis>
58 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B79AFDCE42A6FD12" bold="true" box="[419,429,614,640]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">ʺ</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
, altitude 
<specimenCount id="9D7CC099F341FF95B41AFDC04160FDED" box="[547,619,616,640]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" type="generic">
<quantity id="4C82A6F5F341FF95B41AFDC0416CFDED" box="[547,615,616,640]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="290.0">
<elevation id="0057EC23F341FF95B41AFDC0416CFDED" box="[547,615,616,640]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="290.0">290 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
<date id="FFC42DD0F341FF95B44AFDC041D7FD12" box="[627,732,616,640]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" value="2019-05-10">
<collectingDate id="EF80D438F341FF95B44AFDC041D7FD12" box="[627,732,616,640]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" value="2019-05-10">10.v.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="268F6EC6F341FF95B4D0FDC043D6FD32" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">SK Kim</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="9D7CC099F341FF95B6D5FD20423EFD32" box="[236,309,648,672]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" type="pupa">1 pupa</specimenCount>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B12014DF341FF95B771FD2041C9FD32" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4152954304" box="[328,706,648,672]" collectingDate="2019-05-10" collectingDateMax="2019-05-22" collectingDateMin="2019-05-10" collectorName="SK Kim" country="South Korea" county="Buk-myeon" elevation="290" latitude="37.93528" location="Gapyeongcheon" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="127.48833" municipality="Jeokmok-ri" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="297" specimenCount-pupa="7" stateProvince="Gyeonggi">
ditto, 
<date id="FFC42DD0F341FF95B7BFFD2042E4FD32" box="[390,495,648,672]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" value="2019-05-22">
<collectingDate id="EF80D438F341FF95B7BFFD2042E4FD32" box="[390,495,648,672]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" value="2019-05-22">22.v.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="268F6EC6F341FF95B7C3FD204159FD32" box="[506,594,648,672]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">SK Kim</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="9D7CC099F341FF95B467FD2041BCFD32" box="[606,695,648,672]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
);
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B12014DF341FF95B4F0FD2041F2FC93" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4152954303" collectingDate="2019-05-10" collectingDateMax="2019-05-22" collectingDateMin="2019-05-10" collectorName="SK Kim" country="South Korea" county="Buk-myeon" elevation="290" latitude="37.93528" location="Gapyeongcheon" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="127.48833" municipality="Jeokmok-ri" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" specimenCount="297" specimenCount-pupa="7" stateProvince="Gyeonggi">
Gyeonggi-do, Gapyeong-gun, Buk-myeon, Dodae-ri, Myeongjicheon stream, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4E6DD7F341FF95B76DFD6142DAFD72" box="[340,465,711,737]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" precision="15" seconds="07" value="37.93528">
37°56 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B7AAFD6F4292FD73" bold="true" box="[403,409,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">ʹ</emphasis>
07 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B78AFD6F42B6FD73" bold="true" box="[435,445,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">ʺ</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4E6DD7F341FF95B7E4FD614168FD72" box="[477,611,711,737]" degrees="127" direction="east" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" precision="15" seconds="18" value="127.48833">
127°29 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B411FD6F4125FD73" bold="true" box="[552,558,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">ʹ</emphasis>
18 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B471FD6F4159FD73" bold="true" box="[584,594,711,737]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">ʺ</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
, altitude 
<quantity id="4C82A6F5F341FF95B4FDFD61400DFD72" box="[708,774,713,737]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="210.0">
<elevation id="0057EC23F341FF95B4FDFD61400DFD72" box="[708,774,713,737]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="210.0">210 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="FFC42DD0F341FF95B697FD41421CFC93" box="[174,279,745,769]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" value="2019-05-10">
<collectingDate id="EF80D438F341FF95B697FD41421CFC93" box="[174,279,745,769]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" value="2019-05-10">10.v.2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="268F6EC6F341FF95B718FD414273FC93" box="[289,376,745,769]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">SK Kim</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="9D7CC099F341FF95B7BDFD4142D2FC93" box="[388,473,745,769]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" type="pupa">4 pupae</specimenCount>
, 1 penultimate instar larva)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C360589BF341FF95B697FCA1420CFB16" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC50B10F341FF95B697FCA14271FCD3" blockId="4.[174,783,261,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B697FCA14249FCB3" bold="true" box="[174,322,777,801]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F36D4B80F341FF95B772FCA24286FCB3" box="[331,397,778,801]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49BEC5F2F341FF95B7A3FCA14126FCB3" box="[410,557,777,801]" country="South Korea" name="Gyeonggi" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Gyeonggi-do</collectingRegion>
, new record), 
<collectingCountry id="F36D4B80F341FF95B4F4FCA24001FCB3" box="[717,778,778,801]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Japan</collectingCountry>
(Honshu, Kyushu).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC50B10F341FF95B697FCE2420CFB16" blockId="4.[174,783,261,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B697FCE24295FCF0" bold="true" box="[174,414,842,866]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Stream information.</emphasis>
Two streams, the only localities where larvae and pupae of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A7093F341FF95B7F7FCC34147FC10" box="[462,588,874,898]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiotoense">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B7F7FCC34147FC10" box="[462,588,874,898]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">P. kiotoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected so far, are separated by Mt. Myeongjisan (
<quantity id="4C82A6F5F341FF95B473FC2241AAFC30" box="[586,673,906,930]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.267" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="1267.0">1,267 m</quantity>
) by a distance of 
<quantity id="4C82A6F5F341FF95B73EFC03425AFC51" box="[263,337,939,963]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" unit="km" value="4.6">4.6 km</quantity>
. Both were medium to large-sized streams with moderate to rapid flow and totally exposed to the sun. Stream beds consisted of boulders and rubble. Edges of the streams were lined with trailing vegetations including reeds. The streams were 
<quantity id="4C82A6F5F341FF95B7E3FB84413DFBD1" box="[474,566,1068,1092]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10-20 m</quantity>
wide and 
<quantity id="4C82A6F5F341FF95B49AFB844001FBD1" box="[675,778,1068,1092]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" unit="cm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15-20 cm</quantity>
deep, but the streams were partially dried up due to spring drought.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C360589BF341FF95B697FB25473DFD8D" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC50B10F341FF95B697FB25473DFD8D" blockId="4.[174,783,261,1995]" lastBlockId="4.[839,1444,261,543]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B697FB254214FB37" bold="true" box="[174,287,1165,1189]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Remarks.</emphasis>
Japanese species assigned to 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B44CFB2541D8FB36" box="[629,723,1165,1188]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">magnum</emphasis>
species-groups have 22-48 gill filaments in pupa, while species in 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A7093F341FF95B726FB654264FB77" baseAuthorityName="Fries" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[287,367,1229,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtipes">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B726FB654264FB77" box="[287,367,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">hirtipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group, which 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A7093F341FF95B458FB6641EBFB77" box="[609,736,1229,1253]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiotoense">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B458FB6641EBFB77" box="[609,736,1229,1253]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">P. kiotoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to, have 16 gill filaments in pupa. Morphologically similar species, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A7093F341FF95B75BFAA641B6FAB4" authority="(Matsumura, 1931)" baseAuthorityName="Matsumura" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[354,701,1294,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jezonium">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B75BFAA642E9FAB7" box="[354,482,1294,1317]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">P. jezonium</emphasis>
(Matsumura, 1931)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A7093F341FF95B4CEFAA6412CFAD4" authority="Uemoto, Onichi &amp; Orii, 1973" authorityName="Uemoto, Onichi &amp; Orii" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kanii">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B4CEFAA643E9FAD4" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">P. kanii</emphasis>
Uemoto, Onichi &amp; Orii, 1973
</taxonomicName>
, can be distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A7093F341FF95B6D3FAE74267FAF4" box="[234,364,1358,1382]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiotoense">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B6D3FAE74267FAF4" box="[234,364,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">P. kiotoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the shape of gill filaments and diverging condition between dorsal and ventral stem of gill filaments (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F341FF95B720FA2742F9FA35" author="Uemoto, K &amp; O. Onishi &amp; T. Orii" box="[281,498,1422,1447]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" pagination="27 - 46" refId="ref6589" refString="Uemoto, K, O. Onishi and T. Orii. 1973. Revision of the ge- nus Prosimulium Roubaud (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Japan. I. hirtipes - group in the subgenus Prosimulium. Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology 24: 27 - 46." type="journal article" year="1973">
Uemoto 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B74EFA2742A7FA34" box="[375,428,1422,1446]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
, 1973
</bibRefCitation>
). General description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A7093F341FF95B4CEFA274219FA55" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiotoense">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B4CEFA274219FA55" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">P. kiotoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larva and pupa from 
<collectingCountry id="F36D4B80F341FF95B439FA07414AFA54" box="[512,577,1455,1478]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Korea</collectingCountry>
fits well with that of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F341FF95B6F5FA7842A6FA75" author="Uemoto, K &amp; O. Onishi &amp; T. Orii" box="[204,429,1487,1511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" pagination="27 - 46" refId="ref6589" refString="Uemoto, K, O. Onishi and T. Orii. 1973. Revision of the ge- nus Prosimulium Roubaud (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Japan. I. hirtipes - group in the subgenus Prosimulium. Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology 24: 27 - 46." type="journal article" year="1973">
Uemoto 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B710FA78426BFA75" box="[297,352,1487,1511]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
(1973)
</bibRefCitation>
. However, a great difference exists in pupal and larval size between Japanese (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F341FF95B4A3FA584207F9BA" author="Uemoto, K &amp; O. Onishi &amp; T. Orii" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" pagination="27 - 46" refId="ref6589" refString="Uemoto, K, O. Onishi and T. Orii. 1973. Revision of the ge- nus Prosimulium Roubaud (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Japan. I. hirtipes - group in the subgenus Prosimulium. Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology 24: 27 - 46." type="journal article" year="1973">
Uemoto 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B4C1FA5843C2F9BA" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
, 1973
</bibRefCitation>
) and Korean specimens: pupal body length 5.7- 6.8 (
<collectingCountry id="F36D4B80F341FF95B6E4F9984215F9DA" box="[221,286,1584,1608]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Japan</collectingCountry>
) vs. 2.7-3 (
<collectingCountry id="F36D4B80F341FF95B798F99842EDF9DA" box="[417,486,1584,1608]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Korea</collectingCountry>
) / larval body length 6.8- 8.1 (
<collectingCountry id="F36D4B80F341FF95B6E2F9F84211F9FA" box="[219,282,1616,1640]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Japan</collectingCountry>
) vs. 5.3 (
<collectingCountry id="F36D4B80F341FF95B744F9F842C8F9FA" box="[381,451,1616,1640]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Korea</collectingCountry>
). For larval body size, however, the studied material might be insufficient since only single penultimate instar larva was available for 
<collectingCountry id="F36D4B80F341FF95B4FAF939400CF93A" box="[707,775,1681,1704]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Korea</collectingCountry>
. Although 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A7093F341FF95B721F91A429EF95B" box="[280,405,1713,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiotoense">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B721F91A429EF95B" box="[280,405,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">P. kiotoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known as a univoltine and widespread in 
<collectingCountry id="F36D4B80F341FF95B720F97A425EF97B" box="[281,341,1746,1769]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F341FF95B75BF979414AF97B" author="Uemoto, K &amp; O. Onishi &amp; T. Orii" box="[354,577,1745,1769]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" pagination="27 - 46" refId="ref6589" refString="Uemoto, K, O. Onishi and T. Orii. 1973. Revision of the ge- nus Prosimulium Roubaud (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Japan. I. hirtipes - group in the subgenus Prosimulium. Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology 24: 27 - 46." type="journal article" year="1973">
Uemoto 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B7FBF97A42F1F97B" box="[450,506,1745,1769]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
, 1973
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F341FF95B477F97943EDF898" author="Baba, M. &amp; H. Takaoka" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" pagination="271 - 276" refId="ref5190" refString="Baba, M. and H. Takaoka. 1988. Distribution and seasonal prevalence of two blackfly species of the genus Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Kyushu, Japan. Medical Entomology and Zoology 39: 271 - 276." type="journal article" year="1988">Baba &amp; Takaoka, 1988</bibRefCitation>
), they were found only from two streams within the same district (
<collectingRegion id="49BEC5F2F341FF95B773F8BA42D4F8B8" box="[330,479,1810,1834]" country="South Korea" name="Gyeonggi" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Gyeonggi-do</collectingRegion>
, Gapyeong-gun) in 
<collectingCountry id="F36D4B80F341FF95B4F8F8BA400CF8BB" box="[705,775,1810,1833]" name="South Korea" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Korea</collectingCountry>
. Since the immature stages are coldwater life forms, larval period is from autumn to early spring and has seven larval instars (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F341FF95B773F8DB4139F819" author="Uemoto, K &amp; O. Onishi &amp; T. Orii" box="[330,562,1906,1931]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" pagination="27 - 46" refId="ref6589" refString="Uemoto, K, O. Onishi and T. Orii. 1973. Revision of the ge- nus Prosimulium Roubaud (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Japan. I. hirtipes - group in the subgenus Prosimulium. Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology 24: 27 - 46." type="journal article" year="1973">
Uemoto 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B794F8DB42EDF818" box="[429,486,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
, 1973
</bibRefCitation>
). First instar larvae were appeared on November and 7 
<superScript id="7C0FA658F341FF95B409F8254135F80C" attach="left" box="[560,574,1933,1950]" fontSize="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">th</superScript>
instar larvae were first appeared early April (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F341FF95B7FCF81B41C6F859" author="Baba, M. &amp; H. Takaoka" box="[453,717,1971,1995]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" pagination="214 - 218" refId="ref5233" refString="Baba, M. and H. Takaoka. 1991 a. Laval instars and growth pattern of a univoltine black fly, Prosimulium kiotoense (Diptera: Simuliidae), in Kyushu, Japan. Journal of Medi- cal Entomology 28: 214 - 218." type="journal article" year="1991">Baba &amp; Takaoka, 1991a</bibRefCitation>
). It is believed that 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A7093F341FF95B5EEFEAE475DFE8F" box="[983,1110,261,285]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiotoense">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B5EEFEAE475DFE8F" box="[983,1110,261,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">P. kiotoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can attack cattle and occasionally humans (
<bibRefCitation id="EFEB76E1F341FF95B5ECFE8D47BAFEAF" author="Uemoto, K &amp; O. Onishi &amp; T. Orii" box="[981,1201,293,317]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" pagination="27 - 46" refId="ref6589" refString="Uemoto, K, O. Onishi and T. Orii. 1973. Revision of the ge- nus Prosimulium Roubaud (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Japan. I. hirtipes - group in the subgenus Prosimulium. Japanese Journal of Sanitary Zoology 24: 27 - 46." type="journal article" year="1973">
Uemoto 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B20DFE8E4760FEAF" box="[1076,1131,293,317]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">et al.</emphasis>
, 1973
</bibRefCitation>
). All larvae and pupae were collected only twice in 
<date id="FFC42DD0F341FF95B24DFEEE47EBFECC" box="[1140,1248,326,350]" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" value="2019-05">May 2019</date>
from two streams, and Ifailed to collect 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A7093F341FF95B209FECE47A6FEEC" box="[1072,1197,358,382]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiotoense">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B209FECE47A6FEEC" box="[1072,1197,358,382]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">P. kiotoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in subsequent attempts in other months at the same streams. This species was collected along with 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A7093F341FF95B20BFE0E4697FE2C" baseAuthorityName="Takashasi" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[1074,1436,422,446]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="konoi" subGenus="Boreosimulium">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B20BFE0E4792FE2C" box="[1074,1177,422,446]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B290FE0E4645FE2C" box="[1193,1358,422,446]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Boreosimulium</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B359FE0E4697FE2C" box="[1376,1436,422,446]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">konoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A7093F341FF95B57EFE6E47BBFE4C" baseAuthorityName="Takahasi" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[839,1200,454,479]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uchidai" subGenus="Nevermannia">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B57EFE6E40A6FE4C" box="[839,941,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B585FE6F4746FE4C" box="[956,1101,455,478]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Nevermannia</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B266FE6E47BBFE4C" box="[1119,1200,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">uchidai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A7093F341FF95B2F9FE6E409BFE6D" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1963" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suzukii" subGenus="Simulium">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B2F9FE6E462DFE4C" box="[1216,1318,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B30CFE6E4690FE4C" box="[1333,1435,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Simulium</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B57EFE4F409BFE6D" box="[839,912,487,511]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">suzukii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A7093F341FF95B5A6FE4F4609FE6D" authorityName="Takaoka, Adler &amp; Fukuda" authorityYear="2019" box="[927,1282,487,511]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamatoense" subGenus="Simulium">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B5A6FE4F4708FE6D" box="[927,1027,487,511]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B228FE4F477FFE6D" box="[1041,1140,487,511]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Simulium</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B2BFFE404609FE6D" box="[1158,1282,488,511]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">yamatoense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C7A7093F341FF95B379FE4F4724FD8D" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicum" subGenus="Simulium">
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B379FE4F46AFFE6D" box="[1344,1444,487,511]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Simulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B569FDAF40B8FD8D" box="[848,947,519,543]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">Simulium</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="B90ED702F341FF95B5F8FDA04724FD8D" box="[961,1071,520,543]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="15">japonicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>