168 lines
20 KiB
XML
168 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="27C1BF2BE3E4F390A149DA54E8AA2FA3" ID-DOI="10.5252/g2017n2a8" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5206125" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:36D6C5E9-8632-41E2-88F0-D470B3DEA72C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629122145526" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="O’Regan, Hannah J. & Steininger, Christine" docDate="2017" docId="03961919FD05FFB0FC3F0A6CD3052AAF" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.39.2.315-332.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 39 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2017n2a8" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4DA100580BA89F561A6D37CADC50A8FD.3:Geodiversitas.2015-2017.journal_article.type2" docStyleId="4DA100580BA89F561A6D37CADC50A8FD" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2015-2017.journal_article.type2" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Panthera pardus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="325" masterDocId="FFAF6161FD0FFFBAFF8C0B3AD6322D44" masterDocTitle="Felidae from Cooper’s Cave, South Africa (Mammalia: Carnivora)" masterLastPageNumber="332" masterPageNumber="315" pageNumber="325" updateTime="1699060121481" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="CA02CEDEFF526DF287CBED1CC69D309E">Felidae from Cooper’s Cave, South Africa (Mammalia: Carnivora)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1504F59E03930BA6A0BE59BF0341DE48">O’Regan, Hannah J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="34B4D6D98BB4895C20E67374120A11A6">Steininger, Christine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B10BA3E509E16F3EF29F61EB7A5218FB">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F156EC36F3FD4E61196576BC5D2561ED">
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<mods:date id="EF60EC18FE1FD9D913F2AA165A8D9821">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="51826FDF4C6D348EF783D83F1F311BAD">2017-06-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5B08B3C5EDF8B8EC1D127CA3696BE579">39</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="E1F643561E1036224D847605B5875938">http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/g2017n2a8</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="5DA7C174556CBED476F677B09FB458EC">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1FBAEEA44508B3F51B65AC953302DBDD" type="DOI">10.5252/g2017n2a8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="98090679C4F7F86556A05C82459B20FE" type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03961919FD05FFB0FC3F0A6CD3052AAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5206085" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5206085" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03961919FD05FFB0FC3F0A6CD3052AAF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03961919FD05FFB0FC3F0A6CD3052AAF" lastPageNumber="325" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">
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<subSubSection id="C325FB84FD05FFB0FC3F0A6CD2912CD6" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B80A80FFD05FFB0FC3F0A6CD31B2C36" blockId="10.[947,1321,342,402]" box="[947,1321,342,370]" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">
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<heading id="D0C81F63FD05FFB0FC3F0A6CD31B2C36" box="[947,1321,342,370]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FD38CFD05FFB0FC3F0A6CD31B2C36" ID-CoL="4CGXR" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[947,1321,342,370]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardus">
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<emphasis id="B94B741DFD05FFB0FC3F0A6CD25A2C35" bold="true" box="[947,1128,342,369]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Panthera pardus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAED5FEFD05FFB0FBFA0A6DD3132C36" author="LINNAEUS C." box="[1142,1313,343,370]" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" refId="ref17187" refString="LINNAEUS C. 1758. - Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 10 th ed., Stockholm." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B80A80FFD05FFB0FBB40A4DD2912CD6" blockId="10.[947,1321,342,402]" box="[1080,1187,375,402]" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">(Leopard)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C325FB84FD05FFB0FCA10A8AD3192F75" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B80A80FFD05FFB0FCA10A8AD3192F75" blockId="10.[811,1455,432,562]" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">
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MATERIAL EXAMINED. —
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<emphasis id="B94B741DFD05FFB0FB960A8BD2B42C8D" bold="true" box="[1050,1158,433,457]" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Postcranial</emphasis>
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. CD 3277, left proximal radius (
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<tableCitation id="C6BD9DB4FD05FFB0FCB90AF0D54D2CA6" box="[821,895,458,482]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="14.[188,199,219,237]" captionText="TABLE 3. — Postcranial measurements (in mm) of all felid specimens from Cooper’s D. Abbreviations: see Material and methods; a, approximately." pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Table 3</tableCitation>
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); CD 7369, left radius – distal epiphysis only (
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<tableCitation id="C6BD9DB4FD05FFB0FADB0AF0D3932CA6" box="[1367,1441,458,482]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="14.[188,199,219,237]" captionText="TABLE 3. — Postcranial measurements (in mm) of all felid specimens from Cooper’s D. Abbreviations: see Material and methods; a, approximately." pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Table 3</tableCitation>
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); CD 1526, right ulna – distal epiphysis only; CD 1956, patella; CD 5957, 3rd Metatarsal (
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<tableCitation id="C6BD9DB4FD05FFB0FBA30AC5D24A2F53" box="[1071,1144,511,535]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="14.[188,199,219,237]" captionText="TABLE 3. — Postcranial measurements (in mm) of all felid specimens from Cooper’s D. Abbreviations: see Material and methods; a, approximately." pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Table 3</tableCitation>
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); CD 3836, 4th Metatarsal (
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<tableCitation id="C6BD9DB4FD05FFB0FA030AC5D56F2F76" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="14.[188,199,219,237]" captionText="TABLE 3. — Postcranial measurements (in mm) of all felid specimens from Cooper’s D. Abbreviations: see Material and methods; a, approximately." pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Table 3</tableCitation>
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); CD 8288, and CD 1537, both 1
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<superScript id="7C4A0547FD05FFB0FB3F0920D28C2F6E" attach="left" box="[1203,1214,538,554]" fontSize="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">st</superScript>
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phalanges.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C325FB84FD05FFB0FCA1096CD3052AAF" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B80A80FFD05FFB0FCA1096CD33B2F2A" blockId="10.[810,1455,598,1166]" box="[813,1289,598,624]" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">DESCRIPTION AND TAXONOMIC ASSIGNMENT</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B80A80FFD05FFB0FCA1094CD5BB2FD4" blockId="10.[810,1455,598,1166]" box="[813,905,630,656]" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">
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<emphasis id="B94B741DFD05FFB0FCA1094CD5BB2FD4" box="[813,905,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Forelimb</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B80A80FFD05FFB0FCA109ACD20829CA" blockId="10.[810,1455,598,1166]" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">
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CD 3277 is a proximal radius. It is smaller than the East African
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FD38CFD05FFB0FCA6098FD5B52F8B" authorityName="Zdansky" authorityYear="1924" box="[810,903,693,719]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Dinofelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94B741DFD05FFB0FCA6098FD5B52F8B" box="[810,903,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Dinofelis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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specimens illustrated in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAED5FEFD05FFB0FB14098FD39D2F94" author="WERDELIN L. & LEWIS M. E." box="[1176,1455,693,720]" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" pagination="147 - 258" refId="ref18037" refString="WERDELIN L. & LEWIS M. E. 2001. - A revision of the genus Dinofelis (Mammalia, Felidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 132: 147 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2001. tb 02465. x" type="journal article" year="2001">Werdelin & Lewis (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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although the angle between the shaft and head is similar. The Kromdraai
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FD38CFD05FFB0FC2409CCD21F2E4B" authorityName="Croizet & Jobert" authorityYear="1828" box="[936,1069,758,783]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Megantereon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94B741DFD05FFB0FC2409CCD21F2E4B" box="[936,1069,758,783]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Megantereon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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radii (KB 5333O and KB 5336) are both larger and have a more robust radial tuberosity than is seen in CD 3277. A distal radial epiphysis (CD 7369) has a large ulnar facet, indicating that is it not a cheetah, and overall shape of the carpal facets is squarish, whereas it is more rectangular in
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FD38CFD05FFB0FC4F08AFD2122EEB" authorityName="Zdansky" authorityYear="1924" box="[963,1056,917,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Dinofelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94B741DFD05FFB0FC4F08AFD2122EEB" box="[963,1056,917,943]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Dinofelis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FD38CFD05FFB0FBDF08ACD2EA2EEB" authorityName="Croizet & Jobert" authorityYear="1828" box="[1107,1240,918,943]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Megantereon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94B741DFD05FFB0FBDF08ACD2EA2EEB" box="[1107,1240,918,943]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Megantereon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Morphology of the radius, both proximally and distally appears to be quite variable in modern leopards, particularly the outline and depth of the proximal articulation, but CD 3277 and CD 7369 are both most similar to modern leopards. An isolated distal epiphysis from a right ulna (CD 1526) is also assigned to
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FD38CFD05FFB0FABC0F0FD3BE290A" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1328,1420,1076,1102]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardus">
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<emphasis id="B94B741DFD05FFB0FABC0F0FD3BE290A" box="[1328,1420,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">P. pardus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, as the styloid process in
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FD38CFD05FFB0FBAD0F6ED24D292A" authorityName="Zdansky" authorityYear="1924" box="[1057,1151,1108,1134]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Dinofelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94B741DFD05FFB0FBAD0F6ED24D292A" box="[1057,1151,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Dinofelis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is much more bulbous and
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FD38CFD05FFB0FCA20F4ED5B929CA" authorityName="Zdansky" authorityYear="1924" box="[814,907,1140,1166]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Dinofelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94B741DFD05FFB0FCA20F4ED5B929CA" box="[814,907,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Dinofelis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is larger overall.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B80A80FFD05FFB0FCA10F8ED5A7298A" blockId="10.[810,1457,1204,2028]" box="[813,917,1204,1230]" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">
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<emphasis id="B94B741DFD05FFB0FCA10F8ED5A7298A" box="[813,917,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Hindlimb</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B80A80FFD05FFB0FCA10FEED3052AAF" blockId="10.[810,1457,1204,2028]" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">
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CD 1956 is a tear-drop shaped patella with some damage to the dorsal surface. It is substantially smaller than KB 5377, a patella described as cf.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FD38CFD05FFB0FBA20E2ED2812869" authorityName="Croizet & Jobert" authorityYear="1828" box="[1070,1203,1300,1325]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Megantereon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94B741DFD05FFB0FBA20E2ED2812869" box="[1070,1203,1300,1325]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Megantereon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Kromdraai B. No
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FD38CFD05FFB0FCA70E09D5BA2809" authorityName="Zdansky" authorityYear="1924" box="[811,904,1331,1357]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Dinofelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94B741DFD05FFB0FCA70E09D5BA2809" box="[811,904,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Dinofelis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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patellae were available for study, but CD 1956 is very similar to a modern leopard (AZ 420) and is therefore been referred to that species. Two metatarsals have also been referred to
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FD38CFD05FFB0FC140EAED5C228E9" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[920,1008,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardus">
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<emphasis id="B94B741DFD05FFB0FC140EAED5C228E9" box="[920,1008,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">P. pardus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. CD 5957 is a complete right 3rd metatarsal, broken into three pieces. It is very gracile in comparison with
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FD38CFD05FFB0FCA70EE9D5B528A9" authorityName="Zdansky" authorityYear="1924" box="[811,903,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Dinofelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94B741DFD05FFB0FCA70EE9D5B528A9" box="[811,903,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Dinofelis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, of a similar length but slenderer. The posterior facet of the MT4 articulation is curved, in DN17 it is not curved, while in KB 5334B (
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FD38CFD05FFB0FB870D29D2E42B68" baseAuthorityName="Broom" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[1035,1238,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Megantereon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whitei">
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<emphasis id="B94B741DFD05FFB0FB870D29D2E42B68" box="[1035,1238,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Megantereon whitei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) it is flat and angled medially. Again the morphology of the leopards appears to be highly variable, but for a medium-sized felid this specimen is much more like
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<taxonomicName id="4C3FD38CFD05FFB0FC510D49D2082BC8" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[989,1082,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Panthera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pardus">
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<emphasis id="B94B741DFD05FFB0FC510D49D2082BC8" box="[989,1082,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">P. pardus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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than any of the other similar sized species. CD 3836 is the proximal articulation plus 1/3rd of the shaft of a left 4th metatarsal. It has some slight pathological bone growth on the dorsal surface and the articulation for the 5
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<superScript id="7C4A0547FD05FFB0FC0B0DC9D5A52A40" attach="left" box="[903,919,1779,1796]" fontSize="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">th</superScript>
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metacarpal. Despite this it is clear that it is neither
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FD38CFD05FFB0FCA70C28D5BA2A68" authorityName="Zdansky" authorityYear="1924" box="[811,904,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Dinofelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B741DFD05FFB0FCA70C28D5BA2A68" box="[811,904,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Dinofelis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nor
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B741DFD05FFB0FC4C0C28D2F32A68" box="[960,1217,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FD38CFD05FFB0FC4C0C28D2772A6F" authorityName="Croizet & Jobert" authorityYear="1828" box="[960,1093,1810,1835]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Megantereon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Megantereon</taxonomicName>
|
||
–
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FD38CFD05FFB0FBE80C28D2F32A68" authorityName="Zdansky" authorityYear="1924" box="[1124,1217,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Dinofelis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Dinofelis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(DN 14) has a much more rounded articulation for the 3rd metatarsal, while this articulation is flatter and the proximal articulation is a little larger in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3FD38CFD05FFB0FC020C48D2212ACF" authorityName="Croizet & Jobert" authorityYear="1828" box="[910,1043,1906,1931]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Megantereon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" pageNumber="325" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94B741DFD05FFB0FC020C48D2212ACF" box="[910,1043,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">Megantereon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(KB 5339C). CD 1537 is a complete 1
|
||
<superScript id="7C4A0547FD05FFB0FCB70CA9D5752AE7" attach="left" box="[827,839,1939,1955]" fontSize="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="325">st</superScript>
|
||
phalanx with a small chip from the dorsal surface, while CD 8288 has a small amount of damage on the distal condyle. Both are very good matches for modern leopard.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |