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<document id="9A0B7138DE75435735ECD50B1A2844FC" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4271.1.1" ID-CLB-Dataset="32974" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4271.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f3ad9b4c-35d8-4a01-a14b-3dd968623358" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="583192" ID-ZooBank="50496AC4-D639-49A7-9249-386B037DAE72" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1495697318696" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2017" docId="0393E60DFFB0FF9CD2B08DC7EED876BC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4271.1.1SLASH11141.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4271 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Fromia heffernani Livingstone 1931" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FFAA9E75FFB7FF9BD2278D50ED097120" masterDocTitle="Overview of the Ferdina - like Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) including a new subfamily, three new genera and fourteen new species" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1698439914132" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="932A942CA707EA6F42A8D0592D0DD636">Overview of the Ferdina - like Goniasteridae (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) including a new subfamily, three new genera and fourteen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1F5AF78C1E0E5DAAE02A5A8C576F30AA">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="0E9A59C3A27B45D2047AC379A9CDE8E9">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="0393E60DFFB0FF9CD2B08DC7EED876BC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6016975" ID-GBIF-Taxon="130844971" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6016975" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393E60DFFB0FF9CD2B08DC7EED876BC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0393E60DFFB0FF9CD2B08DC7EED876BC" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<subSubSection id="C3200490FFB0FF9CD2B08DC7EC2671F3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B85571BFFB0FF9CD2B08DC7EFFF7192" blockId="7.[151,758,151,211]" box="[151,758,151,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<heading id="D0CDE077FFB0FF9CD2B08DC7EFFF7192" bold="true" box="[151,758,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD2B08DC7EFFF7192" bold="true" box="[151,758,151,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD2B08DC7EF617192" ID-CoL="6JPBC" authority="Livingstone 1931" authorityName="Livingstone" authorityYear="1931" box="[151,616,151,178]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="heffernani">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD2B08DC7EC707191" bold="true" box="[151,377,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fromia heffernani</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD3AF8DC8EF697192" author="Livingstone" box="[392,608,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Livingstone, A. (1931) On the restriction of the genus Ferdina Gray (Asteroidea). Australian Zoologist, 6 (4), 305 - 309." type="journal article" year="1931">Livingstone 1931</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
nov. comb.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B85571BFFB0FF9CD2B08DEAEC2671F3" blockId="7.[151,758,151,211]" box="[151,303,186,211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<figureCitation id="13014B9EFFB0FF9CD2B08DEAEDFC71F3" box="[151,245,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[180,1414,233,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,195,1832]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Fromia heffernani (formerly Celerina). USNM E 45982. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. B. Abactinallateral view showing superomarginal (labelled SM) and inferomarginal (labelled IM) series. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. C. Actinal surface showing oral region. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. D. Furrow spines and adambulacral region showing spination on adambulacral plates. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. E. Oral surface. Scale bar = 5.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583193/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 1</figureCitation>
A–E
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3200490FFB0FF9CD2B08C52EF4074E8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B85571BFFB0FF9CD2B08C52ECF67038" blockId="7.[151,1436,258,403]" box="[151,511,258,280]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD2B08C52EC457038" author="Livingstone" box="[151,332,258,280]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Livingstone, A. (1931) On the restriction of the genus Ferdina Gray (Asteroidea). Australian Zoologist, 6 (4), 305 - 309." type="journal article" year="1931">Livingstone 1931</bibRefCitation>
: 306 (as
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD3818C52ECFE7038" box="[422,503,258,280]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD3818C52ECFE7038" box="[422,503,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ferdina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B85571BFFB0FF9CD2B08C72EE837076" blockId="7.[151,1436,258,403]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD2B08C72EC437017" author="Clark" box="[151,330,289,311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Clark, A. M. (1967) Notes on asteroids in the British Museum (Natural History) V. Nardoa and some other ophidiasterids. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 15 (4), 169 - 198." type="journal article" year="1967">A.M. Clark 1967</bibRefCitation>
: 193;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD3AC8C71EF037017" author="Marsh" box="[395,522,289,311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Marsh, L. M. (1977) Coral Reef Asteroids of Palau, Caroline Islands. Micornesica, 13 (2), 251 - 281." type="journal article" year="1977">Marsh 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 255; Jangoux 1978: 294;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD13A8C71E91A7017" author="Guille" box="[797,1043,289,311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Guille, A. &amp; Jangoux, M. (1978) Asterides et ophiurides littorales de la region d'Amboine (Indonesie). Annales de l'Institut Oceanographique, Paris, Nouvelle Serie, 54 (1), 47 - 74." type="journal article" year="1978">Guille &amp; Jangoux 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 55; Oguro 1983: 221;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD7218C72E8917017" author="Jangoux" box="[1286,1432,289,311]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Jangoux, M. (1986) Les asterides. In: Guille, A., Laboute, P. &amp; Menou, J. L. (Eds.), Guide des etoiles de mer, oursins et autres echinodermes du lagon de Nouvelle - Caledonie (Handbook of the sea - stars, sea - urchins and related echinoderms of New - Caledonia lagoon), Collection Faune Tropicale, 25, 109 - 153." type="journal article" year="1986">Jangoux 1986</bibRefCitation>
: 128;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD2DD8C10ECE27076" author="George" box="[250,491,320,342]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="George, J. D. &amp; George, J. (1987) The Coral Reefs of the Bodgaya Islands (Sabah: Malaysia) and Pulau Sipadan. 4. Macroinvertebrates. Malayan Nature Journal, 40, 225 - 260." type="journal article" year="1987">George &amp; George 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 245 (Table 8), 248;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD09A8C10EE337076" author="Marsh" box="[701,826,320,342]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Marsh, L. M. (1993) Echinoderms of Ashmore Reef and Cartier Island. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement, 44, 53 - 65." type="journal article" year="1993">Marsh 1993</bibRefCitation>
: 55, 60;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B85571BFFB0FF9CD2B08C0FEFE070B3" blockId="7.[151,1436,258,403]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD2B08C0FEC627054" author="Rowe" box="[151,363,350,372]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Rowe, F. W. E. &amp; Gates, J. (1995) Echinodermata. In: Wells, A. (Ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. 33. CSIRO Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1 - 510." type="journal article" year="1995">Rowe &amp; Gates 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 80; Marsh 2000: 99 (Table 7);
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD0958C0FEE577054" author="Lane" box="[690,862,350,373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Lane, D. J. W, Marsh, L. M. Van der Spiegel, D. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E. (2000) Echinoderm fauna of the South China Sea: An inventory and analysis of distribution patterns. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology supplement, 8, 459 - 493." type="journal article" year="2000">
Lane
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD0CB8C30EE287054" box="[748,801,350,373]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
2000
</bibRefCitation>
: 473;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD1838C0EE96F7054" author="Mooseleitner" box="[932,1126,350,372]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Mooseleitner, H. (2004) Observation of Asteroidea (Echinodermata) around the Indonesian island of Bali. In: Nebelsick, J. H. &amp; Heinzeller, T. (Eds.), Echinoderms Munchen: Proceedings of the 11 th International Echinoderms Conference. Taylor &amp; Francis Group, London, pp. 245 - 248." type="book chapter" year="2004">Mooseleitner 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 245–247;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD6FF8C0EE8787054" author="Coleman" box="[1240,1393,350,372]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Coleman, N. (2007) Sea Stars: Echinoderms of the Asia / Indo - Pacific. Neville Coleman's Underwater Geographic, Queensland, 136 pp." type="book" year="2007">Coleman 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 29, 30;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD2CA8C2EECE970B3" author="Lane" box="[237,480,381,403]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Lane, D. J. W. &amp; Susetiono, Y. (2014) Echinoderm fauna of the Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi: Inventory and distribution review. Marine Research of Indonesia, 2, 51 - 61. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.14203 / mri. v 39 i 2.85" type="journal article" year="2014">Lane &amp; Susetiano 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 55(Table 2) (as
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD0AF8C2DEFE870B3" box="[648,737,381,403]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Celerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD0AF8C2DEFE870B3" box="[648,737,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Celerina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B85571BFFB0FF9CD2B08CEFEE0273F4" blockId="7.[151,1437,447,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD2B08CEFEFD170F8" bold="true" box="[151,728,447,472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD3678CEFECAF70F8" box="[320,422,447,472]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Celerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Celerina</taxonomicName>
&amp; taxonomic comments.
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD0C68C90EEFD70F8" author="Clark" box="[737,1012,447,472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Clark, A. M. (1967) Notes on asteroids in the British Museum (Natural History) V. Nardoa and some other ophidiasterids. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 15 (4), 169 - 198." type="journal article" year="1967">A.M. Clark (1967: 193)</bibRefCitation>
coined
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD6758C90E9BC70F8" box="[1106,1205,448,472]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Celerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD6758C90E9BC70F8" box="[1106,1205,448,472]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Celerina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to separate
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD7648C90EC0370DC" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="heffernani">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD7648C90EC0370DC" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ferdina heffernani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as different from other species of the paraphyletic genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD18F8CB4E90870DC" box="[936,1025,484,508]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD18F8CB4E90870DC" box="[936,1025,484,508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ferdina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD6368CB4E9F970DC" box="[1041,1264,484,508]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Celerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="heffernani">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD6368CB4E9F970DC" box="[1041,1264,484,508]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Celerina heffernani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally assigned to
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD33C8F58EC7C7300" box="[283,373,520,544]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD33C8F58EC7C7300" box="[283,373,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ferdina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the single linear series of furrow spines and homogeneous granulation on the surface of the adambulacral plate (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD3E38F7CEF9F7364" author="Livingstone" box="[452,662,556,581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Livingstone, A. (1931) On the restriction of the genus Ferdina Gray (Asteroidea). Australian Zoologist, 6 (4), 305 - 309." type="journal article" year="1931">Livingstone, 1931</bibRefCitation>
). However, a three-gene phylogenic survey of the
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD6F68F7CEC127348" authority="Mah &amp; Foltz 2011" authorityName="Mah &amp; Foltz" authorityYear="2011" class="Asteroidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="order">
Valvatida (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD76E8F7CEC1D7348" author="Mah" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Mah, C. L. &amp; Foltz, D. W. (2011) Molecular Phylogeny of the Valvatacea (Asteroidea, Echinodermata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 161, 769 - 788." type="journal article" year="2011">Mah &amp; Foltz 2011</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
showed
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD3A18F00EF147348" box="[390,541,592,616]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Celerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="heffernani">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD3A18F00EF147348" box="[390,541,592,616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. heffernani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD07C8F00EE027348" box="[603,779,592,616]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="monilis">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD07C8F00EE027348" box="[603,779,592,616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fromia monilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as members of the same clade within the
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD7278F1FE8957348" box="[1280,1436,591,616]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Goniasteridae</taxonomicName>
supporting the hypothesis that the monotypic
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD0918F24EE1173AC" box="[694,792,628,652]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Celerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD0918F24EE1173AC" box="[694,792,628,652]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Celerina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD1D48F25E94F73AC" box="[1011,1094,629,652]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD1D48F25E94F73AC" box="[1011,1094,629,652]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fromia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Numerous others, including
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD2B08FC7EC787390" author="Livingstone" box="[151,369,663,688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Livingstone, A. (1931) On the restriction of the genus Ferdina Gray (Asteroidea). Australian Zoologist, 6 (4), 305 - 309." type="journal article" year="1931">Livingstone (1931)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD35C8FC8EF477390" author="Clark" box="[379,590,663,688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Clark, A. M. (1967) Notes on asteroids in the British Museum (Natural History) V. Nardoa and some other ophidiasterids. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 15 (4), 169 - 198." type="journal article" year="1967">A.M. Clark (1967)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD07D8FC7EFFD7390" author="Marsh" box="[602,756,663,688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Marsh, L. M. (1977) Coral Reef Asteroids of Palau, Caroline Islands. Micornesica, 13 (2), 251 - 281." type="journal article" year="1977">Marsh (1977)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD1088FC7E9607390" author="Marsh" box="[815,1129,663,688]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Marsh, L. M. &amp; Campbell, A. C. (1991) A new species of Ferdina (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from the Sultanate of Oman with discussion of the relationships of the genus within the family Ophidiasteridae. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Zoology, 57 (2), 213 - 219." type="journal article" year="1991">Marsh and Campbell (1991)</bibRefCitation>
have all observed the close resemblance between
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD3A98FECEF2B73F4" box="[398,546,700,724]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Celerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="heffernani">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD3A98FECEF2B73F4" box="[398,546,700,724]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. heffernani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD07F8FEDEE0D73F4" box="[600,772,700,724]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="monilis">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD07F8FEDEE0D73F4" box="[600,772,700,724]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fromia monilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B85571BFFB0FF9CD2E08F8FEFB27588" blockId="7.[151,1437,447,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Several characters point to
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD3DA8FB0EF6973D8" box="[509,608,736,760]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Celerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD3DA8FB0EF6973D8" box="[509,608,736,760]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Celerina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD0BF8FB0EFE273D7" box="[664,747,736,759]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD0BF8FB0EFE273D7" box="[664,747,736,759]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fromia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as synonyms. One of the diagnostic characters of “
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD7118FB0E88673D8" box="[1334,1423,736,760]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD7118FB0E88673D8" box="[1334,1423,736,760]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ferdina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” group goniasterids is the presence of continuous, uniform granular tegument but lacking spination or other accessory features on the adambulacral plates.
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD0868E77E91F7260" author="Marsh" box="[673,1046,807,832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Marsh, L. M. &amp; Campbell, A. C. (1991) A new species of Ferdina (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from the Sultanate of Oman with discussion of the relationships of the genus within the family Ophidiasteridae. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Zoology, 57 (2), 213 - 219." type="journal article" year="1991">Marsh and Campbell (1991: 214)</bibRefCitation>
also point out that
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD6CC8E78E8477260" box="[1259,1358,808,832]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Celerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD6CC8E78E8477260" box="[1259,1358,808,832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Celerina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs based on sharply pointed adambulacral spines and that it is “not at all covered by granulated skin.” Furthermore, several specimen lots, including USNM
<accessionNumber id="9469CAF8FFB0FF9CD0A98E3FEFE172A8" box="[654,744,879,904]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/E45982" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="EnaNcbi">E45982</accessionNumber>
, CASIZ 113789, CASIZ 207329 and CASIZ 10446 all demonstrate short, pointed granules or spinelets on the surface of the adambulacral surface.This character is cited by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD2988EE8ECD172F0" author="Clark" box="[191,472,951,976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Clark, A. M. (1967) Notes on asteroids in the British Museum (Natural History) V. Nardoa and some other ophidiasterids. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 15 (4), 169 - 198." type="journal article" year="1967">A.M. Clark (1967: 194)</bibRefCitation>
in her description of
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD0C68EE8EEC372F0" box="[737,970,952,976]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD0C68EE8EECF72F0" box="[737,966,952,976]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Celerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="heffernani">Celerina heffernani</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The presence of this latter character is inconsistent with the continuous, uniform granulated tegument present in other members of the
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD6D08E8CE85972D4" box="[1271,1360,988,1012]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Ferdina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD6D08E8CE85972D4" box="[1271,1360,988,1012]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Ferdina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group members, further separating it from its original association with the other members and suggesting that it be best placed elsewhere, namely in the closely affiliated genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD10E8975EE75751C" box="[809,892,1061,1084]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD10E8975EE75751C" box="[809,892,1061,1084]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fromia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with which it has shown “closest affinity” by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD2B08917ECEC7540" author="Marsh" box="[151,485,1095,1120]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Marsh, L. M. &amp; Campbell, A. C. (1991) A new species of Ferdina (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from the Sultanate of Oman with discussion of the relationships of the genus within the family Ophidiasteridae. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Zoology, 57 (2), 213 - 219." type="journal article" year="1991">Marsh and Campbell (1991)</bibRefCitation>
.This is consistent with the synonymy as suggested by Mah and Foltz’s (2011) molecular tree. The alternating large and small superomarginal plate pattern, as described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB2AEAFFB0FF9CD688893CE88B75A5" author="Clark" box="[1199,1410,1132,1157]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Clark, A. M. (1967) Notes on asteroids in the British Museum (Natural History) V. Nardoa and some other ophidiasterids. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology, 15 (4), 169 - 198." type="journal article" year="1967">A.M. Clark (1967)</bibRefCitation>
is also shared between the two genera (
<figureCitation id="13014B9EFFB0FF9CD01389DFEF7B7588" box="[564,626,1167,1192]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[180,1414,233,1801]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,195,1832]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Fromia heffernani (formerly Celerina). USNM E 45982. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. B. Abactinallateral view showing superomarginal (labelled SM) and inferomarginal (labelled IM) series. Scale bar = 5.0 mm. C. Actinal surface showing oral region. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. D. Furrow spines and adambulacral region showing spination on adambulacral plates. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. E. Oral surface. Scale bar = 5.0 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/583193/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A, B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B85571BFFB0FF9CD2E089E4EE06747D" blockId="7.[151,1437,447,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Although the genera are synonyms,
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD04889E5EE4975EC" box="[623,832,1204,1228]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="heffernani">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD04889E5EE4975EC" box="[623,832,1204,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fromia heffernani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
displays distinct character differences from
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD76E89E5EDE375D0" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="monilis">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD76E89E5EDE375D0" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fromia monilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and should remain a distinct species, pending further review. Abactinal and marginal plate morphology were compared for
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD35689ACECDA7434" box="[369,467,1276,1300]" class="Asteroidea" family="Ophidiasteridae" genus="Celerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD35689ACECDA7434" box="[369,467,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Celerina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
versus
<taxonomicName id="4C3A2C98FFB0FF9CD00F89ADEF727434" box="[552,635,1277,1300]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Fromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD00F89ADEF727434" box="[552,635,1277,1300]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fromia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and although many characters, such as the abactinal and marginal plate shape and arrangement, were similar if not identical, other characters, such as the adambulacral accessories, furrow spination, elongate arms and color patterns are different.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B85571BFFB0FF9CD2E08837EF4074E8" blockId="7.[151,1437,447,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<materialsCitation id="3B525D46FFB0FF9CD2E08837EF2D74A0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739514" box="[199,548,1383,1408]" country="China" location="South" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD2E08837EC5074A0" bold="true" box="[199,345,1383,1408]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Occurrence.</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49FE99F9FFB0FF9CD3448837ECAD74A0" box="[355,420,1383,1408]" country="Maldives" name="Dhekunu" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">South</collectingRegion>
<collectingCountry id="F32D178BFFB0FF9CD3888837ECFB74A0" box="[431,498,1383,1408]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">China</collectingCountry>
Sea
</materialsCitation>
, Malaysia, Rowley Shoals, Philippines, Papua New Guinea,
<materialsCitation id="3B525D46FFB0FF9CD6CF8837EFBD7485" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739513" country="Indonesia" location="Bali" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bali">
<collectingRegion id="49FE99F9FFB0FF9CD6CF8837E81E74A0" box="[1256,1303,1383,1408]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bali</collectingRegion>
&amp; Lembeh Strait, Sulawasi (
<collectingCountry id="F32D178BFFB0FF9CD37088DCECC37485" box="[343,458,1420,1445]" name="Indonesia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
), Great Barrier Reef
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B525D46FFB0FF9CD0E688DCEE417485" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739538" box="[705,840,1420,1445]" country="Indonesia" location="Queensland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Queensland">
<collectingRegion id="49FE99F9FFB0FF9CD0E688DCEE417485" box="[705,840,1420,1445]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Queensland</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B525D46FFB0FF9CD17388DDE9287485" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739524" box="[852,1057,1420,1445]" country="Indonesia" location="Western Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia">
<collectingRegion id="49FE99F9FFB0FF9CD17388DDE9287485" box="[852,1057,1420,1445]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectingRegion id="49FE99F9FFB0FF9CD17388DDEEA67484" box="[852,943,1421,1444]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="Western" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Western</collectingRegion>
Australia
</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
, Palau, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Christmas Island,
<materialsCitation id="3B525D46FFB0FF9CD34588FFEF4074E8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739503" box="[354,585,1455,1480]" country="Maldives" elevation="20" location="Maldives" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F32D178BFFB0FF9CD34588FFECC774E8" box="[354,462,1455,1480]" name="Maldives" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Maldives</collectingCountry>
.
<quantity id="4CC2FAFEFFB0FF9CD3FF88FFEF4C74E8" box="[472,581,1455,1480]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" metricValueMax="3.96" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="19.8" valueMax="39.6" valueMin="0.0">
<elevation id="0017B028FFB0FF9CD3FF88FFEF4C74E8" box="[472,581,1455,1480]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" metricValueMax="3.96" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="19.8" valueMax="39.6" valueMin="0.0">0–39.6 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3200490FFB0FF9CD2E08884EED876BC" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B85571BFFB0FF9CD2E08884EED876BC" blockId="7.[151,1437,447,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD2E08884EF7C74CD" bold="true" box="[199,629,1492,1517]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material examined. Pacific Ocean.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B525D46FFB0FF9CD0A58884EE0A7715" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739528" collectionCode="CASIZ" collectorName="Coll. G. C." country="Papua New Guinea" county="Solomon Sea" elevation="14" latitude="-11.369" location="Yuma Passage" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="153.34984" municipality="Rawa Reef" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="CASIZ 113789" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB9CFF60FFB0FF9CD0A58884EE3E74CC" box="[642,823,1492,1516]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectionCode id="ED2BCFDEFFB0FF9CD0A58884EFDA74CC" box="[642,723,1492,1516]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">CASIZ</collectionCode>
113789
</specimenCode>
;
<location id="8EE501C0FFB0FF9CD16E8885EEFA74CD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393E60DFFB0FF9CD2B08DC7EED876BC:8EE501C0FFB0FF9CD16E8885EEFA74CD" box="[841,1011,1493,1517]" country="Papua New Guinea" county="Solomon Sea" latitude="-11.369" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="153.34984" municipality="Rawa Reef" name="Yuma Passage" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Yuma Passage</location>
, located
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, reef margin, wall and slope,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE1CD61FFB0FF9CD01C88A9EFB37730" box="[571,698,1527,1552]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Rawa Reef</collectingMunicipality>
,
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,
<collectingCountry id="F32D178BFFB0FF9CD14B88A9E9437730" box="[876,1098,1527,1552]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
;
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,
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;
<quantity id="4CC2FAFEFFB0FF9CD7A788A8EDE07714" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" metricValueMax="2.7399999999999998" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="13.7" valueMax="27.4" valueMin="0.0">
<elevation id="0017B028FFB0FF9CD7A788A8EDE07714" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3699999999999999" metricValueMax="2.7399999999999998" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="13.7" valueMax="27.4" valueMin="0.0">0– 27.4 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<collectorName id="26CF32CDFFB0FF9CD2D18B4CEC6E7714" box="[246,359,1564,1589]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Coll. G.C.</collectorName>
Williams; 1 wet spec; R=3.4, r=0.5
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B525D46FFB0FF9CD1288B4CEC0C7778" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739507" collectionCode="CASIZ" country="Iceland" location="South" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="CASIZ 114445" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="South">
<specimenCode id="DB9CFF60FFB0FF9CD1288B4CEEB77715" box="[783,958,1564,1589]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectionCode id="ED2BCFDEFFB0FF9CD1288B4CEE697714" box="[783,864,1564,1588]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">CASIZ</collectionCode>
114445
</specimenCode>
;
<collectingRegion id="49FE99F9FFB0FF9CD1EC8B4CE9057715" box="[971,1036,1564,1589]" country="Maldives" name="Dhekunu" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">South</collectingRegion>
end of Bairakaseru
<collectingCountry id="F32D178BFFB0FF9CD6D48B4CE83E7715" box="[1267,1335,1564,1589]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Island</collectingCountry>
on coral rock wall
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B525D46FFB0FF9CD3348B6FEECD7778" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739516" box="[275,964,1599,1624]" collectorName="Coll. R." country="Palau" elevation="40" location="Palau" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F32D178BFFB0FF9CD3348B6FEC5D7778" box="[275,340,1599,1624]" name="Palau" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Palau</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4CC2FAFEFFB0FF9CD3468B6FECBD7778" box="[353,436,1599,1624]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.96" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="39.6">
<elevation id="0017B028FFB0FF9CD3468B6FECBD7778" box="[353,436,1599,1624]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.96" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="39.6">39.6 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<collectorName id="26CF32CDFFB0FF9CD3E58B6FEF147778" box="[450,541,1599,1624]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Coll. R.</collectorName>
Van Syoc, 1 wet spec, R=3.4, r=0.7
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B525D46FFB0FF9CD1F68B10E98F775C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739540" collectionCode="CASIZ" country="Micronesia" latitude="7.4191666" location="Chuuk" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="151.853" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="CASIZ 309046" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chuuk">
<specimenCode id="DB9CFF60FFB0FF9CD1F68B10E98A7778" box="[977,1155,1599,1624]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectionCode id="ED2BCFDEFFB0FF9CD1F68B10E92B7778" box="[977,1058,1600,1624]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">CASIZ</collectionCode>
309046
</specimenCode>
;
<collectingRegion id="49FE99F9FFB0FF9CD6B78B6FE9D27778" box="[1168,1243,1599,1624]" country="Micronesia" name="Chuuk" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Chuuk</collectingRegion>
Atoll,
<collectingCountry id="F32D178BFFB0FF9CD7098B6FEC8C775D" name="Micronesia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Federated States of Micronesia</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E31DCFFB0FF9CD3B48B34EF01775D" box="[403,520,1636,1661]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="9" value="7.4191666">7°25.15’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E31DCFFB0FF9CD0308B34EFAF775D" box="[535,678,1636,1661]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="9" value="151.853">151°51.18’E</geoCoordinate>
; 2 wet specs, R=1.8, r=0.4; R=2.0, r=0.4
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B525D46FFB0FF9CD6B48B34EE1D77E5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739523" collectingDate="2015-04-21" collectionCode="CASIZ" collectorName="K. Markello" country="Philippines" elevation="3" latitude="13.5225" location="Odie's Wall" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="120.9424" municipality="Puerto Galera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="CASIZ 207284" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB9CFF60FFB0FF9CD6B48B34E84C775C" box="[1171,1349,1636,1660]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectionCode id="ED2BCFDEFFB0FF9CD6B48B34E9ED775C" box="[1171,1252,1636,1660]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">CASIZ</collectionCode>
207284
</specimenCode>
;
<location id="8EE501C0FFB0FF9CD7748B34EDC77780" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393E60DFFB0FF9CD2B08DC7EED876BC:8EE501C0FFB0FF9CD7748B34EDC77780" country="Philippines" latitude="13.5225" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="120.9424" municipality="Puerto Galera" name="Odie's Wall" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Odie’s Wall</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE1CD61FFB0FF9CD2FE8BD9EC7E7780" box="[217,375,1671,1696]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Puerto Galera</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32D178BFFB0FF9CD3A68BD7EF027780" box="[385,523,1671,1696]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Philippines</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E31DCFFB0FF9CD0378BD7EF847780" box="[528,653,1671,1696]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="15" value="13.5225">13°31’21”N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E31DCFFB0FF9CD0B38BD7EE5B7780" box="[660,850,1671,1696]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="1" value="120.9424">120°56’ 32.64”E</geoCoordinate>
, 18.28.
<elevation id="0017B028FFB0FF9CD1838BD8EED87780" box="[932,977,1672,1696]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="3.0">
<quantity id="4CC2FAFEFFB0FF9CD1838BD8EED87780" box="[932,977,1672,1696]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
</elevation>
; Collected by
<collectorName id="26CF32CDFFB0FF9CD6568BD9E9F47780" box="[1137,1277,1671,1696]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">K. Markello</collectorName>
,
<date id="FF8471DBFFB0FF9CD7208BD8E89E7780" box="[1287,1431,1671,1696]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2015-04-21">
<collectingDate id="EFC08833FFB0FF9CD7208BD8E89E7780" box="[1287,1431,1671,1696]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2015-04-21">21 Apr 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
; 1 wet spec. R=3.6, r=0.4 (arms damaged, only 2 intact)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B525D46FFB0FF9CD1078BFCE89177E5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739534" box="[800,1432,1708,1733]" collectionCode="CASIZ" country="Iceland" location="Bethlehem" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="CASIZ 207329" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB9CFF60FFB0FF9CD1078BFCEED877E4" box="[800,977,1708,1732]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectionCode id="ED2BCFDEFFB0FF9CD1078BFCEE7877E4" box="[800,881,1708,1732]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">CASIZ</collectionCode>
207329
</specimenCode>
;
<location id="8EE501C0FFB0FF9CD1F98BFCE95E77E5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393E60DFFB0FF9CD2B08DC7EED876BC:8EE501C0FFB0FF9CD1F98BFCE95E77E5" box="[990,1111,1708,1733]" country="Iceland" name="Bethlehem" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Bethlehem</location>
dive site, Maricaban
<collectingCountry id="F32D178BFFB0FF9CD7768BFCE89177E5" box="[1361,1432,1708,1733]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Island</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B525D46FFB0FF9CD2B08B9FE89177C8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739512" box="[151,1432,1743,1769]" collectingDate="2011-05-18" collectorName="Coll. R. &amp; Hearst Philippine Expedition" country="Philippines" elevation="2" location="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="F32D178BFFB0FF9CD2B08B9FEC1177C8" box="[151,280,1743,1768]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Philippines</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4CC2FAFEFFB0FF9CD3008B9FEC9677C8" box="[295,415,1743,1768]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1.8" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.5">
<elevation id="0017B028FFB0FF9CD3008B9FEC9677C8" box="[295,415,1743,1768]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1.8" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.1 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<collectorName id="26CF32CDFFB0FF9CD3888B9FEF0277C8" box="[431,523,1743,1768]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Coll. R.</collectorName>
Mooi,
<collectorName id="26CF32CDFFB0FF9CD0428B81EEBF77C8" box="[613,950,1743,1768]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Hearst Philippine Expedition</collectorName>
,
<date id="FF8471DBFFB0FF9CD1E28B80E96377C8" box="[965,1130,1744,1769]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2011-05-18">
<collectingDate id="EFC08833FFB0FF9CD1E28B80E96377C8" box="[965,1130,1744,1769]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2011-05-18">18 May 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
;1 wet spec., R=4.2, r=0.7
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B525D46FFB0FF9CD2B08BA4EF21762D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739521" box="[151,552,1780,1805]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Iceland" location="Island" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="USNM 45982" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DB9CFF60FFB0FF9CD2B08BA4EC32762D" box="[151,315,1780,1805]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectionCode id="ED2BCFDEFFB0FF9CD2B08BA4EDE1762C" box="[151,232,1780,1804]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">USNM</collectionCode>
45982
</specimenCode>
; East of Ndie
<collectingCountry id="F32D178BFFB0FF9CD3C68BA4EF21762D" box="[481,552,1780,1805]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Island</collectingCountry>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B525D46FFB0FF9CD0128BA5E80B7610" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739545" collectingDate="1971-07-06" collectionCode="CASIZ" collectorName="Coll. Humes &amp; Indian Ocean." country="New Caledonia" elevation="2" location="North" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="CASIZ 309068" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North">
<collectingCountry id="F32D178BFFB0FF9CD0128BA5EFEE762D" box="[565,743,1780,1805]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4CC2FAFEFFB0FF9CD0D28BA4EE2C762C" box="[757,805,1780,1804]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="2.0">
<elevation id="0017B028FFB0FF9CD0D28BA4EE2C762C" box="[757,805,1780,1804]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<collectorName id="26CF32CDFFB0FF9CD1158BA4EECC762C" box="[818,965,1780,1805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Coll. Humes</collectorName>
,
<date id="FF8471DBFFB0FF9CD1F58BA4E955762C" box="[978,1116,1780,1805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1971-07-06">
<collectingDate id="EFC08833FFB0FF9CD1F58BA4E955762C" box="[978,1116,1780,1805]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="1971-07-06">6 July 1971</collectingDate>
</date>
; 2 dry spec. R=5.0 r=1.0 (6 rayed), R=4.6 r=0.7.
<emphasis id="B94E8B09FFB0FF9CD3BF8A47EF417610" bold="true" box="[408,584,1815,1840]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectorName id="26CF32CDFFB0FF9CD3BF8A47EF417610" box="[408,584,1815,1840]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Indian Ocean.</collectorName>
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DB9CFF60FFB0FF9CD0718A48EE057610" box="[598,780,1815,1840]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectionCode id="ED2BCFDEFFB0FF9CD0718A48EFAE7610" box="[598,679,1816,1840]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">CASIZ</collectionCode>
309068
</specimenCode>
;
<collectingRegion id="49FE99F9FFB0FF9CD1388A47EE697610" box="[799,864,1815,1840]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">North</collectingRegion>
side of semicircle lagoon reef, N
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B525D46FFB0FF9CD7338A47EC017658" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739525" collectorName="Coll. Lori B. &amp; Coral Reef Research Foundation" country="New Caledonia" latitude="4.2425" location="Male" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Male">
<collectingRegion id="49FE99F9FFB0FF9CD7338A47E8477610" box="[1300,1358,1815,1840]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Male</collectingRegion>
Atoll,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E31DCFFB0FF9CD2B08A6CEC057675" box="[151,268,1852,1877]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="9" value="4.2425">4°14.55’N</geoCoordinate>
, 73°28’ 65’E, 2.0 m;
<collectorName id="26CF32CDFFB0FF9CD3D98A6CEF877674" box="[510,654,1852,1877]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Coll. Lori B.</collectorName>
Bell,
<collectorName id="26CF32CDFFB0FF9CD0F48A6CE94C7675" box="[723,1093,1852,1877]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Coral Reef Research Foundation</collectorName>
, 2 wet specs. R=4.2, r=1.1; R- 3.5, r=1.1
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B525D46FFB0FF9CD3348A30EE9F7658" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739544" box="[275,918,1887,1912]" collectionCode="CASIZ" country="Iceland" location="North" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCode="CASIZ 309069" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="North">
<specimenCode id="DB9CFF60FFB0FF9CD3348A30ECCD7658" box="[275,452,1887,1912]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<collectionCode id="ED2BCFDEFFB0FF9CD3348A30EC6D7658" box="[275,356,1888,1912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">CASIZ</collectionCode>
309069
</specimenCode>
;
<collectingRegion id="49FE99F9FFB0FF9CD3E88A0FEF197658" box="[463,528,1887,1912]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">North</collectingRegion>
reef, oceanside Vaadhoo
<collectingCountry id="F32D178BFFB0FF9CD1168A0FEE717658" box="[817,888,1887,1912]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Island</collectingCountry>
, S
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B525D46FFB0FF9CD1858A0FEED876BC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1503739522" collectorName="Coll. Coral Reef Research Foundation" country="Maldives" latitude="4.129" location="Male" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="73.45617" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Male">
<collectingRegion id="49FE99F9FFB0FF9CD1858A0FEED57658" box="[930,988,1887,1912]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Male</collectingRegion>
Atoll,
<collectingCountry id="F32D178BFFB0FF9CD60B8A0FE9917658" box="[1068,1176,1887,1912]" name="Maldives" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Maldives</collectingCountry>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E31DCFFB0FF9CD6848A30E8027658" box="[1187,1291,1888,1912]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="9" value="4.129">4°7.74’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E31DCFFB0FF9CD7308A30E89E7658" box="[1303,1431,1888,1912]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" precision="9" value="73.45617">73°27.37’E</geoCoordinate>
, 14.0 m;
<collectorName id="26CF32CDFFB0FF9CD2D48AD4EFAA76BD" box="[243,675,1924,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Coll. Coral Reef Research Foundation</collectorName>
; 1 wet spec., R=4.3, r=0.8.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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