278 lines
38 KiB
XML
278 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a7" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7867111" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1B8E4EDF-D6E0-4118-A8C9-CFC7589EC5C4" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1682508754950" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Laere, Gaëlle Van & Mörs, Thomas" docDate="2023" docId="03FA50028307FFCE5A25FC3AFB0CF866" docLanguage="en" docName="Geodiversitas.45.7.223-241.pdf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 45 (7)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Blackia miocaenica Mein 1970" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="234" masterDocId="FFC3287A830AFFC05B2BFFACFFF7FF8A" masterDocTitle="Beavers and flying squirrels (Rodentia: Castoridae, Pteromyini) from the Late Pliocene of Hambach 11 C, Germany" masterLastPageNumber="241" masterPageNumber="223" pageNumber="234" updateTime="1682585831537" updateUser="tatiana" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Beavers and flying squirrels (Rodentia: Castoridae, Pteromyini) from the Late Pliocene of Hambach 11 C, Germany</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Laere, Gaëlle Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm (Sweden)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gaelle.vanlaere@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mörs, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm (Sweden) and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm (Sweden)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">thomas.moers@nrm.se</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-04-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>45</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>7</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>223</mods:start>
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<mods:end>241</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1638-9395</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7867111</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1B8E4EDF-D6E0-4118-A8C9-CFC7589EC5C4</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7867113" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7867113" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FA50028307FFCE5A25FC3AFB0CF866" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FA50028307FFCE5A25FC3AFB0CF866" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="234" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">
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<subSubSection box="[270,638,917,944]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[270,638,917,944]" box="[270,638,917,944]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">
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<heading box="[270,638,917,944]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="Mein, 1970" authorityName="Mein" authorityYear="1970" box="[270,638,917,944]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Blackia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miocaenica">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[270,494,917,944]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Blackia miocaenica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="MEIN P." box="[502,638,917,943]" firstAuthor="Mein" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="7 - 77" part="3" refId="ref12408" refString="MEIN P. 1970. - Les sciuropteres (Mammalia, Rodentia) neogenes d'Europe occidentale. Geobios 3 (3): 7 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (70) 80001 - 8" title="Les sciuropteres (Mammalia, Rodentia) neogenes d'Europe occidentale" type="journal article" year="1970">Mein, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[411,496,949,975]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[411,496,949,975]" box="[411,496,949,975]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[421,486,949,975]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1698,1715]" captionTargetBox="[231,1357,215,1647]" captionTargetId="figure-90@14.[732,1283,743,1294]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 8. — A, Blackia miocaenica Mein, 1970 from Hambach 11C, IPB-HaR-5636, left M3; B-K, Pliopetaurista pliocenica from Hambach 11C: B, IPB- HaR-5614, right m1/2; C, IPB- HaR-5625 left m1/2; D, IPB- HaR-5627, right m1/2; E, left m3; F, IPB-HaR-5629, right P4; G, IPB- HaR-5631, left P4; H, IPB- HaR-5632, left M1/2; I, IPB- HaR-5634, right M1/2; J, IPB- HaR-5633, left M1/2; K, IPB- HaR-5635, left M1/2. All the teeth are shown as left teeth, the teeth that have been mirrored are indicated by underlined letters. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7867129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7867129/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[132,693,1015,1039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[132,693,1015,1039]" box="[132,693,1015,1039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">
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<smallCapsWord baselines="1032,1033" box="[132,237,1015,1038]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord baselines="1033" box="[245,350,1020,1037]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="examined" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">EXAMINED</smallCapsWord>
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. —
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<materialsCitation box="[398,693,1015,1039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" specimenCode="IPB-HaR-5636" specimenCount="1">
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A left M3 (
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<specimenCode box="[515,682,1015,1039]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">IPB-HaR-5636</specimenCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="234" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[132,470,1071,1096]" box="[132,470,1071,1096]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">
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<smallCapsWord baselines="1089,1090" box="[132,299,1072,1095]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Measurements" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">MEASUREMENTS</smallCapsWord>
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. — See
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<tableCitation box="[388,470,1071,1096]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="13.[204,215,219,236]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 3. — Measurements (in mm) of Pliopetaurista pliocaenica (Depéret, 1897) and Blackia miocaenica Mein, 1970 teeth from Hambach 11C." pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Table 3.</tableCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[132,776,1141,1676]" box="[132,286,1141,1167]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">
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<smallCapsWord baselines="1160,1160" box="[132,286,1141,1167]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[132,776,1141,1676]" box="[132,434,1172,1198]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">
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<emphasis box="[132,434,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">
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M3 – HaR-5636 (
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<figureCitation box="[341,426,1172,1198]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1698,1715]" captionTargetBox="[231,1357,215,1647]" captionTargetId="figure-90@14.[732,1283,743,1294]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 8. — A, Blackia miocaenica Mein, 1970 from Hambach 11C, IPB-HaR-5636, left M3; B-K, Pliopetaurista pliocenica from Hambach 11C: B, IPB- HaR-5614, right m1/2; C, IPB- HaR-5625 left m1/2; D, IPB- HaR-5627, right m1/2; E, left m3; F, IPB-HaR-5629, right P4; G, IPB- HaR-5631, left P4; H, IPB- HaR-5632, left M1/2; I, IPB- HaR-5634, right M1/2; J, IPB- HaR-5633, left M1/2; K, IPB- HaR-5635, left M1/2. All the teeth are shown as left teeth, the teeth that have been mirrored are indicated by underlined letters. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7867129" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7867129/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[132,776,1141,1676]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">This tooth is triangular and has a deep trigon basin with rugose enamel. The protocone is very marked with no accessory inner loph. The anterior valley delimited by the parallel anteroloph and protoloph, exhibits some rugosity although less marked than in the trigon basin. The paracone and metacone, while also marked, are dominated by the protocone. The protocone is linked to the paracone by a low protoloph and to the metacone by a low posteroloph. The anteroloph is low as well and the parastyle is very small. There is no mesostyle. Two roots are preserved, one is broken, one is under the protocone and the other is on the posterior side of the tooth. Both are tilting posteriorly but the root under the protocone has more length preserved. The posterior root seems to be oval.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="235" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[131,777,1715,2028]" box="[132,238,1715,1741]" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">
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<smallCapsWord baselines="1734,1734" box="[132,238,1715,1741]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">REMARKS</smallCapsWord>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[131,777,1715,2028]" lastBlockId="14.[811,1454,1937,2028]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="235" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">
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The small size, simple morphology coupled with the lack of metaloph on the M3, and the granulated enamel (
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<bibRefCitation author="MEIN P." firstAuthor="Mein" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="7 - 77" part="3" refId="ref12408" refString="MEIN P. 1970. - Les sciuropteres (Mammalia, Rodentia) neogenes d'Europe occidentale. Geobios 3 (3): 7 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (70) 80001 - 8" title="Les sciuropteres (Mammalia, Rodentia) neogenes d'Europe occidentale" type="journal article" year="1970">Mein 1970</bibRefCitation>
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) of this specimen easily permit its attribution to the genus
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mein" authorityYear="1970" box="[247,330,1841,1867]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Blackia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[247,330,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Blackia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, a genus of small sized flying squirrels. Because our specimen is an M3 whereas most specimens in the literature are M1/2 and m1/2 comparisons are difficult. We found that its dimensions are similar to those of the left M3 of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mein" authorityYear="1970" box="[330,544,1969,1995]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Blackia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miocaenica">
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<emphasis box="[330,544,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Blackia miocaenica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Late Miocene (MN9) of Richardhof-Golfplatz in
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<bibRefCitation author="DAXNER-HOCK G." box="[617,891,726,2027]" firstAuthor="Daxner-Hock" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="387 - 423" part="106 A" refId="ref11223" refString="DAXNER-HOCK G. 2004. - Flying Squirrels (Pteromyinae, Mammalia) from the Upper Miocene of Austria. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 106 A: 387 - 423." title="Flying Squirrels (Pteromyinae, Mammalia) from the Upper Miocene of Austria" type="journal article" year="2004">Daxner-Höck (2004)</bibRefCitation>
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and the M3s from the Miocene of Oberdorf (
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<bibRefCitation author="DE BRUIJN H." firstAuthor="de Bruijn" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Naturhistorischin Museums in Wien" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="99 - 137" part="99 A" refId="ref10632" refString="DE BRUIJN H. 1998. - Vertebrates from the Early Miocene lignite deposits of the opencast mine of Oberdorf (Western Styrian Basin, Austria). Annalen des Naturhistorischin Museums in Wien 99 A: 99 - 137 (6. Rodentia 1 [Mammalia])." title="Vertebrates from the Early Miocene lignite deposits of the opencast mine of Oberdorf (Western Styrian Basin, Austria)" type="journal article" year="1998">de Bruijn 1998</bibRefCitation>
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) as well as the Miocene tooth from La Grive mentioned in
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<bibRefCitation author="MEIN P." box="[983,1133,789,816]" firstAuthor="Mein" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="7 - 77" part="3" refId="ref12408" refString="MEIN P. 1970. - Les sciuropteres (Mammalia, Rodentia) neogenes d'Europe occidentale. Geobios 3 (3): 7 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (70) 80001 - 8" title="Les sciuropteres (Mammalia, Rodentia) neogenes d'Europe occidentale" type="journal article" year="1970">Mein (1970)</bibRefCitation>
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. It is smaller than the ones from the Early Miocene of Aliveri (
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<bibRefCitation author="DE BRUIJN H. & VAN DER MEULEN A. & KATSIKATSOS G." box="[1208,1438,821,847]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="de Bruijn" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie vanWetenschappen" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="241 - 261" part="83" refId="ref10725" refString="DE BRUIJN H., VAN DER MEULEN A. & KATSIKATSOS G. 1980. - The mammals from the lower Miocene of Aliveri (Island of Evia, Greece), Physical Sciences (Part. 1 The Sciuridae). Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie vanWetenschappen 83: 241 - 261." title="The mammals from the lower Miocene of Aliveri (Island of Evia, Greece), Physical Sciences (Part. 1 The Sciuridae)" type="journal article" year="1980">
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de Bruijn
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<emphasis box="[1319,1372,821,847]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">et al.</emphasis>
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1980
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation author="DE BRUIJN H." box="[813,1008,853,880]" editor="ROSSNER G. E. & HEISSIG K." firstAuthor="de Bruijn" journalOrPublisher="Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="271 - 280" refId="ref10682" refString="DE BRUIJN H. 1999. - Superfamily Sciuroidea, in ROSSNER G. E. & HEISSIG K. (eds), The Miocene Land Mammals of Europe. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich: 271 - 280." title="Superfamily Sciuroidea" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="The Miocene Land Mammals of Europe" year="1999">de Bruijn (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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accepts only two species in this genus,
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<taxonomicName authority="Mein, 1970" authorityName="Mein" authorityYear="1970" box="[812,1113,885,911]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Blackia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miocaenica">
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<emphasis box="[812,968,886,911]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">B. miocaenica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="MEIN P." box="[977,1113,885,911]" firstAuthor="Mein" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="7 - 77" part="3" refId="ref12408" refString="MEIN P. 1970. - Les sciuropteres (Mammalia, Rodentia) neogenes d'Europe occidentale. Geobios 3 (3): 7 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (70) 80001 - 8" title="Les sciuropteres (Mammalia, Rodentia) neogenes d'Europe occidentale" type="journal article" year="1970">Mein, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authority="Mein, 1970" authorityName="Mein" authorityYear="1970" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Blackia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="woelfersheimensis">
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<emphasis box="[1172,1455,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Blackia woelfersheimensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="MEIN P." box="[813,956,917,943]" firstAuthor="Mein" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="7 - 77" part="3" refId="ref12408" refString="MEIN P. 1970. - Les sciuropteres (Mammalia, Rodentia) neogenes d'Europe occidentale. Geobios 3 (3): 7 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (70) 80001 - 8" title="Les sciuropteres (Mammalia, Rodentia) neogenes d'Europe occidentale" type="journal article" year="1970">Mein, 1970</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Additionally, in the original diagnoses of the species, (
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<bibRefCitation author="MEIN P." box="[961,1089,949,975]" firstAuthor="Mein" journalOrPublisher="Geobios" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="7 - 77" part="3" refId="ref12408" refString="MEIN P. 1970. - Les sciuropteres (Mammalia, Rodentia) neogenes d'Europe occidentale. Geobios 3 (3): 7 - 77. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0016 - 6995 (70) 80001 - 8" title="Les sciuropteres (Mammalia, Rodentia) neogenes d'Europe occidentale" type="journal article" year="1970">Mein 1970</bibRefCitation>
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) states that
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mein" authorityYear="1970" box="[1231,1455,949,975]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Blackia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="woelfersheimensis">
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<emphasis box="[1231,1455,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">B. woelfersheimensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is slightly bigger than
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<emphasis box="[1083,1253,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mein" authorityYear="1970" box="[1083,1249,981,1006]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Blackia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miocaenica">B. miocaenica</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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However, this is inconsistent in the more recent literature. For example, the molar in
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<bibRefCitation author="FEJFAR O. & STORCH G." box="[956,1218,1044,1071]" firstAuthor="Fejfar" journalOrPublisher="Senckenbergiana lethaea" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="139 - 184" part="71" refId="ref11319" refString="FEJFAR O. & STORCH G. 1990. - Eine pliozane (ober-ruscinische) Kleinsaugerfauna aus Gundersheim, Rheinhessen. - 1. Nagetiere: Mammalia, Rodentia. Senckenbergiana lethaea 71 (1 / 2): 139 - 184." title="Eine pliozane (ober-ruscinische) Kleinsaugerfauna aus Gundersheim, Rheinhessen. - 1. Nagetiere: Mammalia, Rodentia" type="journal article" year="1990">Fejfar & Storch (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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from the Pliocene of Gundersheim is assigned to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mein" authorityYear="1970" box="[1141,1366,1076,1102]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Blackia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="woelfersheimensis">
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<emphasis box="[1141,1366,1076,1102]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">B. woelfersheimensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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despite being in the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mein" authorityYear="1970" box="[1057,1212,1109,1134]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Blackia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miocaenica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1057,1212,1109,1134]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">B. miocaenica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and smaller than the specimens of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="DE BRUIJN H. & VAN DER MEULEN A. & KATSIKATSOS G." box="[965,1218,1140,1167]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="de Bruijn" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie vanWetenschappen" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="241 - 261" part="83" refId="ref10725" refString="DE BRUIJN H., VAN DER MEULEN A. & KATSIKATSOS G. 1980. - The mammals from the lower Miocene of Aliveri (Island of Evia, Greece), Physical Sciences (Part. 1 The Sciuridae). Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie vanWetenschappen 83: 241 - 261." title="The mammals from the lower Miocene of Aliveri (Island of Evia, Greece), Physical Sciences (Part. 1 The Sciuridae)" type="journal article" year="1980">
|
||
de Bruijn
|
||
<emphasis box="[1078,1132,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1980)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from the Early Miocene of Aliveri, assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mein" authorityYear="1970" box="[1111,1261,1173,1198]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Blackia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miocaenica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1111,1261,1173,1198]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">B. miocaenica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Considering the similarity in size ranges and the lack of strong morphological differences between the two species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="DAXNER-HOCK G." firstAuthor="Daxner-Hock" journalOrPublisher="Palaontologische Zeitschrift" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="56 - 74" part="49" refId="ref11256" refString="DAXNER-HOCK G. 1975. - Sciuridae aus dem Jungtertiar von Osterreich. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 49 (1 / 2): 56 - 74." title="Sciuridae aus dem Jungtertiar von Osterreich" type="journal article" year="1975">Daxner-Höck 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we follow here
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="DAHLMANN T." box="[1084,1295,1267,1294]" firstAuthor="Dahlmann" journalOrPublisher="Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="1 - 129" part="227" refId="ref11141" refString="DAHLMANN T. 2001. - Die Kleinsauger der unter-pliozanen Fundstelle Wolfersheim-in der Wetterau (Mammalia: Lipotyphla, Chiroptera, Rodentia). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 227: 1 - 129." title="Die Kleinsauger der unter-pliozanen Fundstelle Wolfersheim-in der Wetterau (Mammalia: Lipotyphla, Chiroptera, Rodentia)" type="journal article" year="2001">Dahlmann (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and consider these two species synonymous, with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mein" authorityYear="1970" box="[1231,1454,1299,1325]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Blackia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="woelfersheimensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1231,1454,1299,1325]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">B. woelfersheimensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being the junior synonym. This interpretation is the one followed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="DAXNER-HOCK G." box="[954,1202,1363,1390]" firstAuthor="Daxner-Hock" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="387 - 423" part="106 A" refId="ref11223" refString="DAXNER-HOCK G. 2004. - Flying Squirrels (Pteromyinae, Mammalia) from the Upper Miocene of Austria. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 106 A: 387 - 423." title="Flying Squirrels (Pteromyinae, Mammalia) from the Upper Miocene of Austria" type="journal article" year="2004">Daxner-Höck (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="HELLMUND M. & ZIEGLER R." firstAuthor="Hellmund" journalOrPublisher="Swiss Journal of Palaeontology" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="77 - 94" part="131" refId="ref11667" refString="HELLMUND M. & ZIEGLER R. 2012. - A Ruscinian mammalian microfauna from a fissure filling near Sondershausen (Thuringia, Central Germany). Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 131 (1): 77 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13358 - 011 - 0019 - 2" title="A Ruscinian mammalian microfauna from a fissure filling near Sondershausen (Thuringia, Central Germany)" type="journal article" year="2012">Hellmund & Ziegler (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and us. Therefore, and since its size fits well into the species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="DAXNER-HOCK G." box="[958,1188,1427,1453]" firstAuthor="Daxner-Hock" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="387 - 423" part="106 A" refId="ref11223" refString="DAXNER-HOCK G. 2004. - Flying Squirrels (Pteromyinae, Mammalia) from the Upper Miocene of Austria. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 106 A: 387 - 423." title="Flying Squirrels (Pteromyinae, Mammalia) from the Upper Miocene of Austria" type="journal article" year="2004">Daxner-Höck 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we attribute the M2 of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mein" authorityYear="1970" box="[847,1191,1459,1485]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Blackia" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="woelfersheimensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[847,933,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Blackia</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis box="[992,1191,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">woelfersheimensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Pliocene of Hambach in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="MORS T. & VON KOENIGSWALD W. VON & VON DER HOCHT F." box="[961,1168,1491,1517]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mors" journalOrPublisher="Mededelingen Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="135 - 160" part="60" refId="ref12454" refString="MORS T., VON KOENIGSWALD W. VON & VON DER HOCHT F. 1998. - Rodents (Mammalia) from the late Pliocene Reuver Clay of Hambach (Lower Rhine Embayment, Germany). Mededelingen Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO 60: 135 - 160." title="Rodents (Mammalia) from the late Pliocene Reuver Clay of Hambach (Lower Rhine Embayment, Germany)" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Mörs
|
||
<emphasis box="[1029,1083,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1998)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mein" authorityYear="1970" box="[1203,1357,1492,1517]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Blackia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miocaenica">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1203,1357,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">B. miocaenica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
instead.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mein" authorityYear="1970" box="[813,896,1523,1549]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Blackia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[813,896,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Blackia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been found in the Late Miocene of Eichkogel (MN11) in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[955,1038,1554,1580]" name="Austria" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="DAXNER-HOCK G." box="[1060,1291,1554,1581]" firstAuthor="Daxner-Hock" journalOrPublisher="Palaontologische Zeitschrift" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="56 - 74" part="49" refId="ref11256" refString="DAXNER-HOCK G. 1975. - Sciuridae aus dem Jungtertiar von Osterreich. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 49 (1 / 2): 56 - 74." title="Sciuridae aus dem Jungtertiar von Osterreich" type="journal article" year="1975">Daxner-Höck 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as well as in the Pliocene Sondershausen Lower Muschelkalk fissure filling (MN15) in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1038,1157,1618,1644]" country="Germany" name="Thueringen" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Thuringia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1171,1280,1618,1644]" name="Germany" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="HELLMUND M. & ZIEGLER R." firstAuthor="Hellmund" journalOrPublisher="Swiss Journal of Palaeontology" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="77 - 94" part="131" refId="ref11667" refString="HELLMUND M. & ZIEGLER R. 2012. - A Ruscinian mammalian microfauna from a fissure filling near Sondershausen (Thuringia, Central Germany). Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 131 (1): 77 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13358 - 011 - 0019 - 2" title="A Ruscinian mammalian microfauna from a fissure filling near Sondershausen (Thuringia, Central Germany)" type="journal article" year="2012">Hellmund & Ziegler 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Both findings have been attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mein" authorityYear="1970" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Blackia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="miocaenica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">B. miocaenica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the reasons discussed above.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mein" authorityYear="1970" box="[1327,1410,1682,1708]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Blackia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1327,1410,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Blackia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has also, as mentioned previously, already been found in the Pliocene of Gundersheim, Wölfersheim, Hambach, and Frechen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="FEJFAR O. & STORCH G." box="[977,1232,1778,1804]" firstAuthor="Fejfar" journalOrPublisher="Senckenbergiana lethaea" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="139 - 184" part="71" refId="ref11319" refString="FEJFAR O. & STORCH G. 1990. - Eine pliozane (ober-ruscinische) Kleinsaugerfauna aus Gundersheim, Rheinhessen. - 1. Nagetiere: Mammalia, Rodentia. Senckenbergiana lethaea 71 (1 / 2): 139 - 184." title="Eine pliozane (ober-ruscinische) Kleinsaugerfauna aus Gundersheim, Rheinhessen. - 1. Nagetiere: Mammalia, Rodentia" type="journal article" year="1990">Fejfar & Storch 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="MORS T. & VON KOENIGSWALD W. VON & VON DER HOCHT F." box="[1250,1448,1778,1804]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mors" journalOrPublisher="Mededelingen Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="135 - 160" part="60" refId="ref12454" refString="MORS T., VON KOENIGSWALD W. VON & VON DER HOCHT F. 1998. - Rodents (Mammalia) from the late Pliocene Reuver Clay of Hambach (Lower Rhine Embayment, Germany). Mededelingen Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO 60: 135 - 160." title="Rodents (Mammalia) from the late Pliocene Reuver Clay of Hambach (Lower Rhine Embayment, Germany)" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Mörs
|
||
<emphasis box="[1320,1378,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="KOLFSCHOTEN T. VAN & VAN DER MEULEN A. J. & BOENIGK W." box="[813,1078,1810,1836]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kolfschoten" journalOrPublisher="Mededelingen Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="161 - 172" part="60" refId="ref12067" refString="KOLFSCHOTEN T. VAN, VAN DER MEULEN A. J. & BOENIGK W. 1998. - The Late Pliocene Rodents (Mammalia) from Frechen, (Lower Rhine Basin, Germany). Mededelingen Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO 60: 161 - 172." title="The Late Pliocene Rodents (Mammalia) from Frechen, (Lower Rhine Basin, Germany)" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Kolfschoten
|
||
<emphasis box="[959,1013,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="DAHLMANN T." box="[1093,1283,1810,1836]" firstAuthor="Dahlmann" journalOrPublisher="Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="1 - 129" part="227" refId="ref11141" refString="DAHLMANN T. 2001. - Die Kleinsauger der unter-pliozanen Fundstelle Wolfersheim-in der Wetterau (Mammalia: Lipotyphla, Chiroptera, Rodentia). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg 227: 1 - 129." title="Die Kleinsauger der unter-pliozanen Fundstelle Wolfersheim-in der Wetterau (Mammalia: Lipotyphla, Chiroptera, Rodentia)" type="journal article" year="2001">Dahlmann 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These are the only four other recorded occurrences of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mein" authorityYear="1970" box="[1294,1377,1841,1867]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Blackia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1294,1377,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Blackia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Pliocene.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mein" authorityYear="1970" box="[925,1008,1873,1899]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Blackia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[925,1008,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Blackia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a rare genus in the German Neogene (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="MORS T. & VON KOENIGSWALD W. VON & VON DER HOCHT F." box="[822,1017,1905,1932]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mors" journalOrPublisher="Mededelingen Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="135 - 160" part="60" refId="ref12454" refString="MORS T., VON KOENIGSWALD W. VON & VON DER HOCHT F. 1998. - Rodents (Mammalia) from the late Pliocene Reuver Clay of Hambach (Lower Rhine Embayment, Germany). Mededelingen Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO 60: 135 - 160." title="Rodents (Mammalia) from the late Pliocene Reuver Clay of Hambach (Lower Rhine Embayment, Germany)" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Mörs
|
||
<emphasis box="[892,949,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) with most findings of Miocene age. In the Pliocene, where it finally gets extinct, it seems to be especially rare (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="HELLMUND M. & ZIEGLER R." box="[1021,1324,1969,1995]" firstAuthor="Hellmund" journalOrPublisher="Swiss Journal of Palaeontology" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" pagination="77 - 94" part="131" refId="ref11667" refString="HELLMUND M. & ZIEGLER R. 2012. - A Ruscinian mammalian microfauna from a fissure filling near Sondershausen (Thuringia, Central Germany). Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 131 (1): 77 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13358 - 011 - 0019 - 2" title="A Ruscinian mammalian microfauna from a fissure filling near Sondershausen (Thuringia, Central Germany)" type="journal article" year="2012">Hellmund & Ziegler 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mein" authorityYear="1970" box="[1348,1431,1969,1995]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Blackia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="13" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1348,1431,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="234">Blackia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered to be relatively stable in size and morphology from the lower Miocene and throughout the Pliocene (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="DAXNER-HOCK G." box="[142,368,1969,1995]" firstAuthor="Daxner-Hock" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien" pageId="14" pageNumber="235" pagination="387 - 423" part="106 A" refId="ref11223" refString="DAXNER-HOCK G. 2004. - Flying Squirrels (Pteromyinae, Mammalia) from the Upper Miocene of Austria. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 106 A: 387 - 423." title="Flying Squirrels (Pteromyinae, Mammalia) from the Upper Miocene of Austria" type="journal article" year="2004">Daxner-Höck 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The occurrence in Hambach 11C is one of the youngest of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mein" authorityYear="1970" box="[520,602,2001,2027]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Blackia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="14" pageNumber="235" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[520,602,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="235">Blackia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, alongside that reported in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="MORS T. & VON KOENIGSWALD W. VON & VON DER HOCHT F." box="[957,1172,1937,1964]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mors" journalOrPublisher="Mededelingen Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO" pageId="14" pageNumber="235" pagination="135 - 160" part="60" refId="ref12454" refString="MORS T., VON KOENIGSWALD W. VON & VON DER HOCHT F. 1998. - Rodents (Mammalia) from the late Pliocene Reuver Clay of Hambach (Lower Rhine Embayment, Germany). Mededelingen Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO 60: 135 - 160." title="Rodents (Mammalia) from the late Pliocene Reuver Clay of Hambach (Lower Rhine Embayment, Germany)" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Mörs
|
||
<emphasis box="[1025,1083,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="235">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1998)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Hambach 11 and that reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="KOLFSCHOTEN T. VAN & VAN DER MEULEN A. J. & BOENIGK W." box="[1002,1287,1969,1996]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kolfschoten" journalOrPublisher="Mededelingen Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO" pageId="14" pageNumber="235" pagination="161 - 172" part="60" refId="ref12067" refString="KOLFSCHOTEN T. VAN, VAN DER MEULEN A. J. & BOENIGK W. 1998. - The Late Pliocene Rodents (Mammalia) from Frechen, (Lower Rhine Basin, Germany). Mededelingen Nederlands Instituut voor Toegepaste Geowetenschappen TNO 60: 161 - 172." title="The Late Pliocene Rodents (Mammalia) from Frechen, (Lower Rhine Basin, Germany)" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Kolfschoten
|
||
<emphasis box="[1148,1202,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="235">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1998)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Frechen, which is the youngest record (MN16b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |