193 lines
22 KiB
XML
193 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="5A30B2007B9A4135049233D73A7D775B">A review of Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea) from India, with the description of five new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EA23AC8DC5CAE1A5302C9EF2102E1E29">Binoy, C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="697CE88486D4DB79999BD03D303B7194" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4999-1971</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="1575C63CC73824488F00B4A4711AB9CE">Insect Ecology and Ethology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Kerala, 673635, India. & Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Malabar Christian College, Kozhikode, Affiliated to University of Calicut, Kerala, 673001, India. sant @ mccclt. ac. in; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4999 - 1971</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0F94C1CEA0F4D6F5B90F2711D4E9F745" type="email">sant@mccclt.ac.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E3BCA6C18012AB2CDCAF0A3DA9D612CB">Achterberg, C. Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EA323280D7BF1E9D2D79ADB6B3828794">State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture / Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="622C1DBEFC8C0F892888F8687A952B57">Kumar, P. Girish</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FFD8B26F5FF44200C68CCD721883B28A">Western Ghat Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Eranhipalam, Kozhikode, Kerala, 673006, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="615F8A793C4F67A134726F1A962F8AE6">Santhosh, S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="32B7E5B67FCA81A3E31F341AD788B2D2" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4999-1971</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="2E6A0772CE94059C8760519FABA0C805">Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Malabar Christian College, Kozhikode, Affiliated to University of Calicut, Kerala, 673001, India. sant @ mccclt. ac. in; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4999 - 1971</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9CB1B16AF06B983C5485D39AFB5C9EBB">Sheela, S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1E449D5D3EFE46CBF1594EC39F3B4321">Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="21320F1D12BFE1EA0DBEB75E6A295D8B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="122CFEFD1266F4E52EA8F3E18B7CA4CA">
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<mods:date id="6C38BAE801331072133E44BAB301DBBC">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="703D83DEDF7E2428F252CCF114C4C91A">2020-08-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CB8BCFC0713AF9A4D99DCAC1B930C89C">4838</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="408AE34A4AE2BB3D4347802F2B034AD4" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E1757B5A49FFAEFF3EFD84A72CFAC8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4404110" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177013065" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4404110" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E1757B5A49FFAEFF3EFD84A72CFAC8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E1757B5A49FFAEFF3EFD84A72CFAC8" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<subSubSection id="C35297E65A49FFAEFF3EFD84A467FDA1" box="[151,528,578,605]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF7C46D5A49FFAEFF3EFD84A467FDA1" blockId="29.[151,528,578,605]" box="[151,528,578,605]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<heading id="D0BF73015A49FFAEFF3EFD84A467FDA1" bold="true" box="[151,528,578,605]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B93C187F5A49FFAEFF3EFD84A467FDA1" bold="true" box="[151,528,578,605]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A49FFAEFF47FD84A467FDA1" authority="Brulle, 1846" authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1846" box="[238,528,578,605]" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Megischus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93C187F5A49FFAEFF47FD84A707FDA0" bold="true" box="[238,368,578,605]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megischus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A49FFAEFED1FD84A467FDA1" author="Brulle, A." box="[376,528,578,605]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 680" refId="ref25507" refString="Brulle, A. (1846) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Hymenopteres, Paris, 4, i-viii + 1 - 680." type="journal article" year="1846">Brullé, 1846</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35297E65A49FFAEFF3EFD4CA4A9FCF7" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF7C46D5A49FFAEFF3EFD4CA2D7FD5F" blockId="29.[151,1436,650,778]" box="[151,1184,650,674]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB58E3435A49FFAEFF3EFD4CA2D7FD5F" box="[151,1184,650,674]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE9E27C5A49FFAEFF3EFD4CA7C8FD5F" author="Brulle, A." box="[151,447,650,674]" page="537" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1846">
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<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A49FFAEFF3EFD4CA7C8FD5F" authority="Brulle, 1846: 537" authorityName="Brulle" authorityPageNumber="537" authorityYear="1846" box="[151,447,650,674]" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Megischus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93C187F5A49FFAEFF3EFD4CA774FD5F" box="[151,259,650,674]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megischus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A49FFAEFEA3FD4CA7C8FD5F" author="Brulle, A." box="[266,447,650,674]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 680" refId="ref25507" refString="Brulle, A. (1846) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Hymenopteres, Paris, 4, i-viii + 1 - 680." type="journal article" year="1846">Brullé, 1846: 537</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54F37ACF5A49FFAEFE61FD4CA78DFD5F" box="[456,506,650,674]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
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species (designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A49FFAEFD42FD4CA50AFD5F" author="Viereck HL" box="[747,893,650,674]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 186" refId="ref27568" refString="Viereck HL (1914) Type species of the genera of ichneumon flies. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 83, I-V + 1 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.83.1" type="journal article" year="1914">Viereck, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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||
):
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<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A49FFAEFC27FD4DA2EBFD5F" authority="Brulle, 1846" authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1846" box="[910,1180,650,674]" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Megischus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="annulator">
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<emphasis id="B93C187F5A49FFAEFC27FD4DA263FD5F" box="[910,1044,650,674]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">M. annulator</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A49FFAEFBB3FD4CA2EBFD5F" author="Brulle, A." box="[1050,1180,650,674]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 680" refId="ref25507" refString="Brulle, A. (1846) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Hymenopteres, Paris, 4, i-viii + 1 - 680." type="journal article" year="1846">Brullé, 1846</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BF7C46D5A49FFAEFF3EFD6AA40FFD39" blockId="29.[151,1436,650,778]" box="[151,632,684,709]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<emphasis id="B93C187F5A49FFAEFF3EFD6AA77EFD39" box="[151,265,684,708]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Megiseleus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A49FFAEFEA6FD6BA7A2FD38" author="Cameron, P." box="[271,469,685,709]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="29 - 131" refId="ref25531" refString="Cameron, P. (1902) On the Hymenoptera collected by Mr. Robert Shelford at Sarawak, and on the Hymenoptera of the Sarawak Museum. Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 37, 29 - 131." type="journal article" year="1902">Cameron, 1902: 32</bibRefCitation>
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. Lapsus calami.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF7C46D5A49FFAEFF3EFD09A4A9FCF7" blockId="29.[151,1436,650,778]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB58E3435A49FFAEFF3EFD09A4A9FCF7" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE9E27C5A49FFAEFF3EFD09A7ADFD1A" author="Sichel, J." box="[151,474,719,743]" page="759" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" year="1861">
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<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A49FFAEFF3EFD09A7ADFD1A" authority="Sichel, 1861: 759" authorityName="Sichel" authorityPageNumber="759" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,474,719,743]" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Bothriocerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B93C187F5A49FFAEFF3EFD09A76CFD1A" box="[151,283,719,743]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Bothriocerus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A49FFAEFE8AFD09A7ADFD1A" author="Sichel, J." box="[291,474,719,743]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="749 - 764" refId="ref27082" refString="Sichel, J. (1861) Liste des Hymenopteres recueillis en Sicile par M. E. Bellier de la Chavignerie. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, Series 3, 7, 749 - 764. [1860]" type="journal article" year="1861">Sichel, 1861: 759</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54F37ACF5A49FFAEFE4CFD16A460FD15" box="[485,535,720,744]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
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species (by monotypy):
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<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A49FFAEFCBFFD09A2E5FD1A" authority="Sichel, 1861" authorityName="Sichel" authorityYear="1861" box="[790,1170,719,743]" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Bothriocerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="europaeus">
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<emphasis id="B93C187F5A49FFAEFCBFFD09A27CFD1A" box="[790,1035,719,743]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Bothriocerus europaeus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A49FFAEFBBBFD09A2E5FD1A" author="Sichel, J." box="[1042,1170,719,743]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="749 - 764" refId="ref27082" refString="Sichel, J. (1861) Liste des Hymenopteres recueillis en Sicile par M. E. Bellier de la Chavignerie. Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, Series 3, 7, 749 - 764. [1860]" type="journal article" year="1861">Sichel, 1861</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A49FFAEFB11FD09A72CFCF7" authority="Foerster, 1855" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1855" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Stephanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anomalipes">
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<emphasis id="B93C187F5A49FFAEFB11FD09A3EBFD1A" box="[1208,1436,719,743]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Stephanus anomalipes</emphasis>
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Foerster, 1855
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</taxonomicName>
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, synonymy according to
|
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A49FFAEFDF0FD34A4A6FCF7" author="Madl, M." box="[601,721,754,778]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="117 - 126" refId="ref26388" refString="Madl, M. (1991) Zur Kenntnis der palaarktischen Stephanidae (Hymenoptera, Stephanoidea). Entomofauna, 12, 117 - 126." type="journal article" year="1991">Madl, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C35297E65A49FFAEFF3EFCF3A7B6FBE2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF7C46D5A49FFAEFF3EFCF3A7B6FBE2" blockId="29.[151,1437,821,1333]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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||
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A49FFAEFF3EFCF3A765FCB2" bold="true" box="[151,274,821,847]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Largest known stephanids ranging up to
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<quantity id="4CB069885A49FFAEFD41FCF3A54EFCAD" box="[744,825,821,848]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
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(excluding ovipositor); length of fore wing 5–20 (but usually 10–18) mm; rounded temple without conspicuous ivory-white streak behind eye; neck mostly elongate; pronotal folds distinct; fore wing with 2-SR and 2-SR+M present, vein r of fore wing straight, in most cases distinctly removed from apex of pterostigma; vein 2-SR of fore wing medium-sized and straight; vein 1-SR of fore wing differentiated because of presence of vein 1-SR+M; bidentate hind femora; hind tibia distinctly narrowed basally and at most basal half ventrally carinate; outer side of hind tibia without oblique striae or rugulosity; ovipositor sheath with ivory subapical band.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35297E65A49FFAEFF6EFBEEA5DFFB98" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BF7C46D5A49FFAEFF6EFBEEA5DFFB98" blockId="29.[151,1437,821,1333]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
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||
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A49FFAEFF6EFBEEA716FBBF" bold="true" box="[199,353,1064,1090]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Mainly Indo-Australian and Neotropical, with scattered reports from subtropical
|
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<collectingRegion id="498C0A8F5A49FFAEFB40FBEEA33FFBBF" box="[1257,1352,1064,1090]" country="Morocco" name="Oriental" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Oriental</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Southern Nearctic and Central and Southern Europe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A49FFAEFD05FB8DA5EAFB98" author="van Achterberg, C." box="[684,925,1099,1125]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 206" refId="ref27375" refString="van Achterberg, C. (2002) A revision of the Old World species of Megischus Brulle, Stephanus Jurine and Pseudomegischus gen. nov., with a key to the genera of the family Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 339, 1 - 206." type="journal article" year="2002">van Achterberg 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35297E65A49FFAEFF6EFBABA72CFAC8" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7C46D5A49FFAEFF6EFBABA216FB7A" blockId="29.[151,1437,821,1333]" box="[199,1121,1133,1160]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A49FFAEFF6EFBABA771FB7A" bold="true" box="[199,262,1133,1159]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Host.</emphasis>
|
||
Probably attacking beetle larvae infesting dead trees (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A49FFAEFCCCFBABA222FB7A" author="van Achterberg, C." box="[869,1109,1133,1159]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 206" refId="ref27375" refString="van Achterberg, C. (2002) A revision of the Old World species of Megischus Brulle, Stephanus Jurine and Pseudomegischus gen. nov., with a key to the genera of the family Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 339, 1 - 206." type="journal article" year="2002">van Achterberg 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7C46D5A49FFAEFF6EFB56A72CFAC8" blockId="29.[151,1437,821,1333]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A49FFAEFF6EFB56A766FB57" bold="true" box="[199,273,1168,1194]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Notes.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus comprises more than 50 species worldwide (New World: 10 spp.; West Palaearctic: 1 species; Australian continent: 2 species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A49FFAEFDACFB75A4EEFB30" author="Aguiar, A. P." box="[517,665,1203,1229]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="763 - 822" refId="ref24792" refString="Aguiar, A. P. (2001) Revision of the Australian Stephanidae (Hymenoptera). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 15 (6), 763 - 822. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 00006" type="journal article" year="2001">Aguiar 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Oriental, Wallacea and Papua: 39 species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A49FFAEFB3AFB75A3F1FB30" author="van Achterberg, C." box="[1171,1414,1203,1229]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 206" refId="ref27375" refString="van Achterberg, C. (2002) A revision of the Old World species of Megischus Brulle, Stephanus Jurine and Pseudomegischus gen. nov., with a key to the genera of the family Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 339, 1 - 206." type="journal article" year="2002">van Achterberg 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)). The genus is represented by a single species
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A49FFAEFD3CFB10A4B5FB12" box="[661,706,1238,1263]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">viz.,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A49FFAEFD63FB10A267FB12" authority="van Achterberg" authorityName="van Achterberg" box="[714,1040,1237,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Megischus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alveolifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A49FFAEFD63FB10A52BFB12" box="[714,860,1237,1263]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">M. alveolifer</emphasis>
|
||
van Achterberg
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35F84FD5A49FFAEFBFEFB13A2E3FB12" box="[1111,1172,1237,1263]" name="India" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. A new species
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A49FFAEFAE0FB10A301FB12" box="[1353,1398,1238,1263]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">viz.,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A49FFAEFAD7FB10A411FAEE" authority="Binoy, Santhosh & Girish Kumar" authorityName="Binoy, Santhosh & Girish Kumar" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Megischus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ranjithi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A49FFAEFAD7FB10A69CFAEF" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">M. ranjithi</emphasis>
|
||
Binoy, Santhosh & Girish Kumar
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A49FFAEFDC4FB3EA4B1FAEF" bold="true" box="[621,710,1272,1298]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20FA5045A49FFAEFDC4FB3EA4B1FAEF" box="[621,710,1272,1298]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is described here with illustrations and is incorporated into a key to Indian species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |