plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/8E/1C/2F/8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA.xml
maintenance 0b5970333e added 8E
2024-06-21 12:43:42 +02:00

2752 lines
364 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="1E480ED5E5D2ABC9C5C65903D6314D0B" ID-CLB-Dataset="24809" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4700.4.10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="066c9740-34e8-4d36-ad8c-fc40f2b5688e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3557521" ID-ZooBank="F8C10BF0-53AD-41BC-9DBF-06FEB5086F5B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1575035254928" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Craig, Douglas A." docDate="2019" docId="8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4700.4.10.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4700 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Austrosimulium (Novaustrosimulium) bancrofti" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="553" masterDocId="72255727FF9EFF8CFFD6782F3C4AFFE9" masterDocTitle="Redescription of Austrosimulium bancrofti (Taylor) (Diptera: Simuliidae): Australia’s second-worst problem black fly" masterLastPageNumber="556" masterPageNumber="535" pageNumber="537" updateTime="1698769507080" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="3F009A1E320A1914A1201A76BE4816CE" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="FA526BBAB28988601D348DABC674C36A">
<mods:title id="090EAC55D487C7137FF8E51676F6FF04">Redescription of Austrosimulium bancrofti (Taylor) (Diptera: Simuliidae): Australia’s second-worst problem black fly</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="98AB55CE5B7B0B7CD54EE1F782E13585" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3DEEF479B29965493A62368CFA265E1C">
<mods:roleTerm id="0C95E4E9F5E5B1BB4FA3886704CE315B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="4A734E98C1CAA914133DC66DFAD2D7DC">Craig, Douglas A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="E58613FA0B53ED44EB68C21DD3775551">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="6DEDB0DC9E815BD494EB8018B621B251" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="D5CE880B63584794FF9D8028EDF82D5D">
<mods:title id="A29471A23596A889DFE0511CA0DF89E8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="8C0D7397EE3EC326E141214D7184EA51">
<mods:date id="BF516E47395841CAF3C4A0A0A3A8802E">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="1C842F20F5A33E042299755070C7C449" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="CFD1CBBF2708412BC022B8D8FACCD630">2019-11-26</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="97326003F814D63978966ECBB1831940" type="volume">
<mods:number id="DFEE49F4E1CAE0FF09B4AB750EE02382">4700</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="A7CCC694D48F9126F33D2C82455E98CA" type="issue">
<mods:number id="B77462DD28057183713B7A1DDB069AEA">4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="5C830C862B09C6C17635433832E20DEE" unit="page">
<mods:start id="432EAE6768402A6928F28BE8B5EC0DAC">535</mods:start>
<mods:end id="70A02C8616D811B39E5B7115A3B89825">556</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="A84F441CBA67B9CA2593B8DF92799E7C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="B7FB4C2DA81AC5588173237F4D0E6482" type="CLB-Dataset">24809</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3F2C1385028FB17ED7E8747E0D375519" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4700.4.10</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="88392123C1132AAAF4E97887073637F7" type="GBIF-Dataset">066c9740-34e8-4d36-ad8c-fc40f2b5688e</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F24D6C65822633D0BC00E03DDB620380" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3CE83A963C73050948A6A4CCC97A5BC1" type="Zenodo-Dep">3557521</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BECD2F9F5C9D809E4AE6CF1D70BE2DCE" type="ZooBank">F8C10BF0-53AD-41BC-9DBF-06FEB5086F5B</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160598965" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="553" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<subSubSection id="4EAFCDC2FF9CFF8EFF41799C3FDBFE24" box="[151,913,435,462]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9CFF8EFF41799C3FDBFE24" blockId="2.[151,913,435,498]" box="[151,913,435,462]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<heading id="5D422925FF9CFF8EFF41799C3FDBFE24" bold="true" box="[151,913,435,462]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" reason="1">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFF41799C3FDBFE24" bold="true" box="[151,913,435,462]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFF41799C3FC1FE24" ID-CoL="8B5VN" authority="(Taylor 1918)" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[151,907,435,462]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti" subGenus="Novaustrosimulium">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFF41799C3D11FE27" bold="true" box="[151,347,435,462]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Austrosimulium</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFEBA799C3E16FE27" bold="true" box="[364,604,435,462]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Novaustrosimulium</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFDBB799C3E96FE27" bold="true" box="[621,732,435,462]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">bancrofti</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF9CFF8EFD3D799C3FC9FE24" author="Taylor, F. H." box="[747,899,435,461]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" pagination="167 - 170" refId="ref15352" refString="Taylor, F. H. (1918) Studies in phlebotomic Diptera. No. 1. New species of Simuliidae and Chironomidae. The Australian Zoologist, 1, 167 - 170. Available from: https: // www. cabdirect. org / cabdirect / abstract / 19191000132 (accessed 4 October 2019)" type="journal article" year="1918">Taylor 1918</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EAFCDC2FF9CFF8EFF4179F73D6AFE1B" box="[151,288,472,498]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" type="description">
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9CFF8EFF4179F73D6AFE1B" blockId="2.[151,913,435,498]" box="[151,288,472,498]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9CFF8EFF4979F73D5DFE1B" box="[159,279,472,498]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1, 2" captionStart-1="FIGURES 3–5" captionStart-10="FIGURES 37, 38" captionStart-11="FIGURES 39–41" captionStart-12="FIGURE 42" captionStart-2="FIGURES 6–10" captionStart-3="FIGURES 11–13" captionStart-4="FIGURES 14–17" captionStart-5="FIGURES 18, 19" captionStart-6="FIGURES 20–23" captionStart-7="FIGURES 24–29" captionStart-8="FIGURES 30–31" captionStart-9="FIGURES 32–36" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1275,1300]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1584,1609]" captionStartId-10="15.[151,264,1389,1414]" captionStartId-11="16.[151,264,1958,1983]" captionStartId-12="17.[151,250,2006,2031]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,264,1936,1961]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,264,823,848]" captionStartId-4="8.[151,264,1316,1341]" captionStartId-5="9.[151,264,1033,1058]" captionStartId-6="10.[151,264,1930,1955]" captionStartId-7="11.[151,264,1938,1963]" captionStartId-8="12.[151,264,1838,1863]" captionStartId-9="14.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,661,1255]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,269,1556]" captionTargetBox-10="[151,1436,805,1369]" captionTargetBox-11="[151,1436,700,1938]" captionTargetBox-12="[175,1419,913,1955]" captionTargetBox-2="[204,1383,166,1916]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,174,804]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1434,174,1285]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,373,1014]" captionTargetBox-6="[151,1432,697,1910]" captionTargetBox-7="[199,1389,166,1918]" captionTargetBox-8="[151,1432,174,1819]" captionTargetBox-9="[151,1436,239,1886]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,661,1255]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1436,265,1564]" captionTargetId-10="figure@15.[151,1436,805,1369]" captionTargetId-11="figure@16.[151,1436,697,1938]" captionTargetId-12="figure@17.[151,1436,913,1986]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[204,1383,166,1916]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[151,1436,174,804]" captionTargetId-4="figure@8.[151,1434,174,1297]" captionTargetId-5="figure@9.[151,1436,373,1014]" captionTargetId-6="figure@10.[151,1432,697,1910]" captionTargetId-7="figure@11.[199,1389,166,1918]" captionTargetId-8="figure@12.[151,1432,174,1819]" captionTargetId-9="figure@14.[151,1436,194,1886]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-10="15" captionTargetPageId-11="16" captionTargetPageId-12="17" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionTargetPageId-6="10" captionTargetPageId-7="11" captionTargetPageId-8="12" captionTargetPageId-9="14" captionText-0="FIGURES 1, 2. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (1) Habitus of female (WA). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (2) Frontal view of head (WA). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 3–5. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (3) Antennae, a—Eidsvold. Adapted from Taylor (1927). No scale bar. b— VIC. Adapted from Tonnoir (1925). s = scape, p = pedicel, f I = flagellomere I. No scale bar. c—VIC. Adapted from Mackerras &amp; Mackerras (1948). No scale bar. d—WA. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. e—VIC. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. f—ACT. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Arrows indicates partial division of apical flagellomere. (4) Palpus, lacinia (ACT). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (5) Mandible apex (WA). Scale bar = 0.02 mm." captionText-10="FIGURES 37, 38. Austrosimulium bancrofti last instar larvae. (37) Mandible (NSW). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (38) Mandible apex (NSW). Scale bar = 0.02 mm." captionText-11="FIGURES 39–41. Austrosimulium bancrofti last instar larvae. (39) Maxilla (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (40) Thorax (NSW). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (41 Anal sclerite &amp; circlet of hooks (NSW). Arrow indicates ‘interarm strut’. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." captionText-12="FIGURE 42. Map of Australia showing distribution of Austrosimulium bancrofti." captionText-2="FIGURES 6–10. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (6) Cibarium (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (7) Basitarsus (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (8) Wing (WA). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (9) Claw. (ANIC). Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (10) Abdomen showing tergites I–VII (WA). Slide mounted. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." captionText-3="FIGURES 11–13. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (11) Genital fork (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (12) Genital fork (ACT). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (13) Spermatheca (VIC). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." captionText-4="FIGURES 14–17. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (14) Hypogynial valves (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (15) Hypogynial valves (VIC). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (16) Cerci &amp; anal lobe (VIC). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (17) Cerci &amp; anal lobe (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." captionText-5="FIGURES 18, 19. Austrosimulium bancrofti male. (18) Habitus (NSW). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (19) Head (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." captionText-6="FIGURES 20–23. Austrosimulium bancrofti male. (20) Antenna (NSW). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (21) Maxillary palpus (ACT), showing palpomeres III–V. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (22) Maxillary palpus (NSW). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (23) Genitalia (NSW). m s—median sclerite; pm—paramere; v p—ventral plate. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." captionText-7="FIGURES 24–29. Austrosimulium bancrofti pupa. (24) Dorsal view of pupae &amp; cocoons (NSW). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (25) Gill (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (26) Gill filament bases (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (27) Head capsule, male (NSW). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (28) Head capsule, female (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (29) Thoracic cuticle (ACT). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." captionText-8="FIGURES 30–31. Austrosimulium bancrofti pupa. (30) Abdominal cuticle &amp; armature, dorsoventrally flattened (ACT). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (31) Terminal abdomen (ACT). Arrow indicates terminal spines. Scale bar = 0.02 mm." captionText-9="FIGURES 32–36. Austrosimulium bancrofti last instar larvae. (32) Habitus (NSW). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (33) Head (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (34) Antenna (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (35) Postgenal cleft (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (36) Hypostoma (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557523" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557525" figureDoi-10="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557544" figureDoi-11="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557546" figureDoi-12="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557548" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557527" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557529" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557531" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557533" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557535" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557537" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557540" figureDoi-9="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557542" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3557523/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3557525/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/3557544/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/3557546/files/figure.png" httpUri-12="https://zenodo.org/record/3557548/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3557527/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3557529/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3557531/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3557533/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/3557535/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/3557537/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/3557540/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/3557542/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Figs. 1–42</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EAFCDC2FF9CFF8EFF417A383FCBFC69" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9CFF8EFF417A383FEEFDC6" blockId="2.[151,1222,534,896]" box="[151,932,534,559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="26A5B967FF9CFF8EFF417A383FEEFDC6" box="[151,932,534,559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFF417A383E47FDC6" ID-CoL="8DZC6" authority="Taylor 1918: 168" authorityName="Taylor" authorityPageNumber="168" authorityYear="1918" box="[151,525,534,559]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFF417A383D13FDC6" box="[151,345,535,559]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Simulium bancrofti</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="8714B858FF9CFF8EFE897A393E47FDC6" author="Taylor, F. H." box="[351,525,534,559]" page="168" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" year="1918">
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF9CFF8EFE897A393E47FDC6" author="Taylor, F. H." box="[351,525,534,559]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" pagination="167 - 170" refId="ref15352" refString="Taylor, F. H. (1918) Studies in phlebotomic Diptera. No. 1. New species of Simuliidae and Chironomidae. The Australian Zoologist, 1, 167 - 170. Available from: https: // www. cabdirect. org / cabdirect / abstract / 19191000132 (accessed 4 October 2019)" type="journal article" year="1918">Taylor 1918: 168</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(in part with
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFD417A383FDCFDC6" ID-CoL="8B5VR" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" box="[663,918,535,559]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFD417A383FDCFDC6" box="[663,918,535,559]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Austrosimulium pestilens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9CFF8EFF417A1A3F87FDA4" blockId="2.[151,1222,534,896]" box="[151,973,565,590]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="26A5B967FF9CFF8EFF417A1A3F87FDA4" box="[151,973,565,590]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFF417A1A3DBFFDA7" ID-CoL="8B5VN" authority="(Taylor)" authorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[151,501,565,590]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFF417A1A3DD3FDA4" box="[151,409,565,589]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
(Taylor)
</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="8714B858FF9CFF8EFE287A1A3E8AFDA4" author="Tonnoir, A. L." box="[510,704,565,590]" page="241" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" year="1925">
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF9CFF8EFE287A1A3E8AFDA4" author="Tonnoir, A. L." box="[510,704,565,590]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" pagination="213 - 255" refId="ref15461" refString="Tonnoir, A. L. (1925) Australasian Simuliidae. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 15, 213 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300046198" type="journal article" year="1925">Tonnoir, 1925: 241</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part with
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFC9C7A193FF5FDA4" ID-CoL="8B5VR" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" box="[842,959,565,589]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFC9C7A193FF5FDA4" box="[842,959,565,589]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">A. pestilens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9CFF8EFF417A7B3FCBFD85" blockId="2.[151,1222,534,896]" box="[151,897,595,620]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFF417A7B3E06FD85" ID-CoL="8DZC6" authority="Taylor. Taylor, 1927: 70" authorityName="Taylor. Taylor" authorityPageNumber="70" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,588,595,620]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFF417A7B3D13FD85" box="[151,345,596,620]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Simulium bancrofti</emphasis>
Taylor.
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF9CFF8EFE7A7A7C3E06FD85" author="Taylor, F. H." box="[428,588,595,620]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" pagination="70 - 72" refId="ref15410" refString="Taylor, F. H. (1927) A note on Simulium bancrofti Taylor, with the description of new species of Simulium (Dipt.). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 18, 70 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300019702" type="journal article" year="1927">Taylor, 1927:70</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(redescription, reassignment).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9CFF8EFF417A5C3FDEFD62" blockId="2.[151,1222,534,896]" box="[151,916,626,651]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="26A5B967FF9CFF8EFF417A5C3FDEFD62" box="[151,916,626,651]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFF417A5C3DBFFD62" ID-CoL="8B5VN" authority="(Taylor)" authorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[151,501,626,651]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFF417A5C3DD3FD62" box="[151,409,627,651]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
(Taylor)
</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="8714B858FF9CFF8EFE297A5D3E87FD62" author="Drummond, F. H. N." box="[511,717,626,651]" page="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" year="1931">
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF9CFF8EFE297A5D3E87FD62" author="Drummond, F. H. N." box="[511,717,626,651]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref13720" refString="Drummond, F. H. N. (1931) I. - West Australian Simuliidae. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 18, 1 - 12. Available from: https: // www. cabdirect. org / cabdirect / abstract / 19351000159 (accessed 4 October 2019)" type="journal article" year="1931">Drummond, 1931: 8</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(male, immatures).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9CFF8EFF417ABE3F78FD40" blockId="2.[151,1222,534,896]" box="[151,818,657,682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="26A5B967FF9CFF8EFF417ABE3F78FD40" box="[151,818,657,682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFF417ABE3DBFFD43" ID-CoL="8B5VN" authority="(Taylor)" authorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[151,501,657,682]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFF417ABE3DD3FD40" box="[151,409,657,681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
(Taylor)
</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="8714B858FF9CFF8EFE297ABE3EE4FD40" author="Smart, J." box="[511,686,657,682]" page="499" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" year="1945">
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF9CFF8EFE297ABE3EE4FD40" author="Smart, J." box="[511,686,657,682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" pagination="463 - 528" refId="ref15221" refString="Smart, J. (1945) The classification of the Simuliidae (Diptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 95, 463 - 528. Available from: https: // www. cabdirect. org / cabdirect / abstract / 19471000196 (accessed 4 October 2019)" type="journal article" year="1945">Smart, 1945: 499</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(taxonomy).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9CFF8EFF417A9F3800FD21" blockId="2.[151,1222,534,896]" box="[151,1098,687,712]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFF417A9F3DBFFD21" ID-CoL="8B5VN" authority="(Taylor)" authorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[151,501,687,712]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFF417A9F3DD3FD21" box="[151,409,688,712]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
(Taylor)
</taxonomicName>
. Mackerras &amp; Makerras, 1948: 256 (systematics, biology).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9CFF8EFF417AE0387DFD0E" blockId="2.[151,1222,534,896]" box="[151,1079,718,743]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="26A5B967FF9CFF8EFF417AE0387DFD0E" box="[151,1079,718,743]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFF417AE03D7DFD0E" ID-CoL="36HM" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,311,719,743]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFF417AE03D7DFD0E" box="[151,311,719,743]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Austrosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFE937AE03DB2FD0E" box="[325,504,719,743]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Novaustrosimuliu</emphasis>
m)
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFDCD7AE03E99FD0E" ID-CoL="8B5VN" authority="(Taylor)" authorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[539,723,718,743]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFDCD7AE03E3DFD0E" box="[539,631,719,743]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">bancrofti</emphasis>
(Taylor)
</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="8714B858FF9CFF8EFD0B7AE13F8BFD0E" author="Dumbleton &amp; L. I" box="[733,961,718,743]" page="484" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF9CFF8EFD0B7AE13F8BFD0E" author="Dumbleton &amp; L. I" box="[733,961,718,743]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" pagination="480 - 584" refId="ref13776" refString="Dumbleton. L. I. (1973) The genus Austrosimulium Tonnoir (Diptera: Simuliidae) with particular reference to the New Zealand fauna. New Zealand Journal of Science, 15, 480 - 584 (1972). Available from: http: // www. bugz. org. nz / (accessed 4 October 2019)" type="journal article" year="1973">Dumbleton, 1973: 484</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(subgenus)
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9CFF8EFF417AC23F8CFCEF" blockId="2.[151,1222,534,896]" box="[151,966,749,774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFF417AC23D7DFCEC" ID-CoL="36HM" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,311,749,773]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFF417AC23D7DFCEC" box="[151,311,749,773]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Austrosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFE937AC23DB2FCEC" box="[325,504,749,773]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Novaustrosimuliu</emphasis>
m)
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFDCD7AC23E99FCEF" ID-CoL="8B5VN" authority="(Taylor)" authorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[539,723,749,774]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFDCD7AC23E3DFCEC" box="[539,631,749,773]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">bancrofti</emphasis>
(Taylor)
</taxonomicName>
. Colbo, 1974 (biology).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9CFF8EFF417B2338C7FCCD" blockId="2.[151,1222,534,896]" box="[151,1165,779,804]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="26A5B967FF9CFF8EFF417B2338C7FCCD" box="[151,1165,779,804]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFF417B233D7DFCCD" ID-CoL="36HM" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,311,780,804]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFF417B233D7DFCCD" box="[151,311,780,804]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Austrosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFE937B233DB2FCCD" box="[325,504,780,804]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Novaustrosimuliu</emphasis>
m)
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFDCD7B233E99FCCD" ID-CoL="8B5VN" authority="(Taylor)" authorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[539,723,779,804]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFDCD7B233E3DFCCD" box="[539,631,780,804]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">bancrofti</emphasis>
(Taylor)
</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="8714B858FF9CFF8EFD0B7B243FF2FCCD" author="Bugledich, E. - M. A." box="[733,952,779,804]" page="231" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF9CFF8EFD0B7B243FF2FCCD" author="Bugledich, E. - M. A." box="[733,952,779,804]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" pagination="325 - 337" refId="ref12771" refString="Bugledich, E. - M. A. (1999) Simuliidae. In: Wells, A. &amp; Houston, W. W. K. (Eds.), Diptera: Nematocera, Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 30.1. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp. 325 - 337." type="book chapter" year="1999">Bugledich, 1999: 231</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(listing of citations).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9CFF8EFF417B04388CFCAA" blockId="2.[151,1222,534,896]" box="[151,1222,810,835]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="26A5B967FF9CFF8EFF417B04388CFCAA" box="[151,1222,810,835]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFF417B043D7DFCAA" ID-CoL="36HM" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,311,811,835]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFF417B043D7DFCAA" box="[151,311,811,835]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Austrosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFE937B043DB2FCAA" box="[325,504,811,835]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Novaustrosimuliu</emphasis>
m)
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFDCD7B043E99FCAA" ID-CoL="8B5VN" authority="(Taylor)" authorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[539,723,810,835]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFDCD7B043E3DFCAA" box="[539,631,811,835]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">bancrofti</emphasis>
(Taylor)
</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="8714B858FF9CFF8EFD0B7B05384BFCAA" author="Ballard, J. W. O. &amp; Bedo, D. G." box="[733,1025,810,835]" page="338" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF9CFF8EFD0B7B05384BFCAA" author="Ballard, J. W. O. &amp; Bedo, D. G." box="[733,1025,810,835]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" pagination="338 - 353" refId="ref12371" refString="Ballard, J. W. O. &amp; Bedo, D. G. (1991) Population cytogenetics of Austrosimulium bancrofti (Diptera: Simuliidae) in eastern Australia. Genome, 34, 338 - 353. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / g 91 - 056" type="journal article" year="1991">Ballard and Bedo, 1991: 338</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(species complex).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9CFF8EFF417B6638C4FC88" blockId="2.[151,1222,534,896]" box="[151,1166,841,866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="26A5B967FF9CFF8EFF417B6638C4FC88" box="[151,1166,841,866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFF417B663D7DFC88" ID-CoL="36HM" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,311,841,865]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFF417B663D7DFC88" box="[151,311,841,865]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Austrosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFE937B663DB2FC88" box="[325,504,841,865]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Novaustrosimuliu</emphasis>
m)
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFDCD7B663E99FC8B" ID-CoL="8B5VN" authority="(Taylor)" authorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[539,723,841,866]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFDCD7B663E3DFC88" box="[539,631,841,865]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">bancrofti</emphasis>
(Taylor)
</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="8714B858FF9CFF8EFD0B7B663FD0FC88" author="Ballard, J. W. O." box="[733,922,841,866]" page="131" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF9CFF8EFD0B7B663FD0FC88" author="Ballard, J. W. O." box="[733,922,841,866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" pagination="131 - 135" refId="ref12247" refString="Ballard, J. W. O. (1994) Evidence from l 2 S ribosomal RNA sequences resolves a morphological conundrum in Austrosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 33, 131 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1994. tb 00938. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Ballard, 1994: 131</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(RNA, adult antennae).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9CFF8EFF417B473FCBFC69" blockId="2.[151,1222,534,896]" box="[151,897,871,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="26A5B967FF9CFF8EFF417B473FCBFC69" box="[151,897,871,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFF417B473D7DFC69" ID-CoL="36HM" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,311,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFF417B473D7DFC69" box="[151,311,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Austrosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFE937B473DB2FC69" box="[325,504,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Novaustrosimuliu</emphasis>
m)
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFDCD7B473E99FC69" ID-CoL="8B5VN" authority="(Taylor)" authorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[539,723,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFDCD7B473E3DFC69" box="[539,631,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">bancrofti</emphasis>
(Taylor)
</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="8714B858FF9CFF8EFD0D7B483F37FC69" author="Adler, P. H." box="[731,893,871,896]" page="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" year="2019">
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF9CFF8EFD0D7B483F37FC69" author="Adler, P. H." box="[731,893,871,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" refId="ref11956" refString="Adler, P. H. (2019) World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): a comprehensive revision of the taxonomic and geographical inven- tory [2019]. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 139 pp. Available from: http: // www. clemson. edu / cafls / biomia / pdfs / blackflyinventory. pdf (accessed 4 October 2019)" type="book" year="2019">Adler, 2019: 23</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EAFCDC2FF9CFF8BFF417B873EABFA79" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="542" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9CFF8EFF417B873923FB29" blockId="2.[151,1437,936,2043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFF417B873D58FC2A" bold="true" box="[151,274,936,963]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A small to medium grayish species, adults normally with seven antennal flagellomeres.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFB2F7B863907FC2A" box="[1273,1357,937,963]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Female</emphasis>
: abdomen with wide, discontinuous, ashy dorsal stripe, distinguishing the species from all others, albeit not
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFACC7BE23C9DFBE2" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens" subGenus="Novaustrosimulium">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFACC7BE23961FC0E" box="[1306,1323,973,999]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">A</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFA957BE13917FC0E" box="[1347,1373,974,999]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">N.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFAB87BE13C9DFBE2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">pestilens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFF017BDE3D51FBE2" box="[215,283,1009,1035]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">. Male</emphasis>
: antenna black, traces of yellow on scape and pedicel; hind basitarsus lacking ventral row of stout setae; abdomen with conspicuous patch of ashy pollinosity laterally on V, VI segments.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFB927C393835FBC6" box="[1092,1151,1046,1071]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Pupa</emphasis>
: gill horn flat, spatulate, spinous, numerous fine filaments concertinaed basally; sternite IX with simple grapnel hooks.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFB7B7C16394EFBBA" box="[1197,1284,1081,1107]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Cocoon</emphasis>
: shoe-shaped with well-developed anterior collar.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFDF87C713E3BFB9E" box="[558,625,1118,1143]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Larva</emphasis>
: head pigmentation usually distinct; lacking ventral papillae; semicircular sclerite absent. (Note,
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF9CFF8EFE6C7CAE3E31FB72" author="Dumbleton &amp; L. I" box="[442,635,1153,1179]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" pagination="480 - 584" refId="ref13776" refString="Dumbleton. L. I. (1973) The genus Austrosimulium Tonnoir (Diptera: Simuliidae) with particular reference to the New Zealand fauna. New Zealand Journal of Science, 15, 480 - 584 (1972). Available from: http: // www. bugz. org. nz / (accessed 4 October 2019)" type="journal article" year="1973">Dumbleton 1973</bibRefCitation>
, in his diagnosis of the subgenus, states that antennomeres of larva are subequal—however, for
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFE7A7C8A3E58FB56" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[428,530,1189,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFE7A7C8A3E58FB56" box="[428,530,1189,1215]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFD9E7C8A3EE0FB56" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" box="[584,682,1189,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFD9E7C8A3EE0FB56" box="[584,682,1189,1215]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">pestilens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the basal one is shorter, for
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9CFF8EFC3B7C893807FB56" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1955" box="[1005,1101,1190,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnum">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFC3B7C893807FB56" box="[1005,1101,1190,1215]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">magnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the apical one is longer).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9CFF8FFF117CE73D84FD6E" blockId="2.[151,1437,936,2043]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,153,647]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="538" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFF117CE73D28FB0A" bold="true" box="[199,354,1224,1251]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Adult female</emphasis>
(based on
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF9CFF8EFE0A7CE63E5DFB0A" box="[476,535,1225,1251]" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">types</typeStatus>
and extensive material in ANIC).
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFC4E7CE63F98FB0A" box="[920,978,1225,1251]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Body</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9CFF8EFC377CE6386EFB0A" box="[993,1060,1225,1251]" captionStart="FIGURES 1, 2" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1275,1300]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1255]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,661,1255]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1, 2. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (1) Habitus of female (WA). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (2) Frontal view of head (WA). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557523/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
): dark brown, with white patches on abdomen; total length 2.0–
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9CFF8EFE3D7CC33E0EFAEE" box="[491,580,1260,1287]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFD997CC23EC6FAEE" box="[591,652,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9CFF8EFD4A7CC23EA9FAEE" box="[668,739,1261,1287]" captionStart="FIGURES 1, 2" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1275,1300]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,661,1255]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,661,1255]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1, 2. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (1) Habitus of female (WA). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (2) Frontal view of head (WA). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557523/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
): overall dark brown, mouthparts paler, width
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9CFF8EFB247CC339D2FAEE" box="[1266,1432,1260,1287]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" metricValueMax="7.8" metricValueMin="5.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" unit="mm" value="0.67" valueMax="0.78" valueMin="0.56">0.56–0.78 mm</quantity>
, depth
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9CFF8EFF0A7D3F3DCBFAC2" box="[220,385,1296,1323]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" unit="mm" value="0.49" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.48">0.48–0.50 mm</quantity>
; postocciput not markedly hirsute, frons markedly broad, frons/ head ratio 1.0:3.4, under some lighting appears pollinose, cervical sclerites distinct.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFD3C7D193F55FAA6" box="[746,799,1334,1359]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Eyes</emphasis>
: interocular distance
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9CFF8EFBC77D1A3820FAA6" box="[1041,1130,1333,1359]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
; ommatidia diameter
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9CFF8EFA8B7D1A3C8CFA9A" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" unit="mm" value="0.027">0.027 mm</quantity>
;
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFF077D753CB9FA9A" box="[209,243,1370,1395]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">ca.</emphasis>
28 rows across and 40 down at mid-eye.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFD157D763F57FA9A" box="[707,797,1369,1395]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Clypeus</emphasis>
: width
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFCA57D753FC7FA9A" box="[883,909,1370,1395]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">ca</emphasis>
. 022mm; densely covered with fine gray hairs.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFF417D523CBEFA7E" box="[151,244,1405,1431]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9CFF8EFED27D523D0FFA71" box="[260,325,1405,1432]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–5" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1584,1609]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,269,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,265,1564]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3–5. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (3) Antennae, a—Eidsvold. Adapted from Taylor (1927). No scale bar. b— VIC. Adapted from Tonnoir (1925). s = scape, p = pedicel, f I = flagellomere I. No scale bar. c—VIC. Adapted from Mackerras &amp; Mackerras (1948). No scale bar. d—WA. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. e—VIC. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. f—ACT. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Arrows indicates partial division of apical flagellomere. (4) Palpus, lacinia (ACT). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (5) Mandible apex (WA). Scale bar = 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557525/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
a–d): variable; not markedly extended beyond head margin; total length 0.3–04 mm; normally with seven flagellomeres (but numbers various); scape and pedicel brownish-yellow, remainder dark brown, flagellomere I
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFF3E7DE93D48FA36" box="[232,258,1478,1503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">ca</emphasis>
. twice as long as cup-shaped scape and markedly expanded apically (
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFBCE7DE93870FA36" box="[1048,1082,1478,1503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">e.g</emphasis>
.,
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9CFF8EFB867DEA38EBFA36" box="[1104,1185,1477,1503]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–5" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1584,1609]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,269,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,265,1564]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3–5. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (3) Antennae, a—Eidsvold. Adapted from Taylor (1927). No scale bar. b— VIC. Adapted from Tonnoir (1925). s = scape, p = pedicel, f I = flagellomere I. No scale bar. c—VIC. Adapted from Mackerras &amp; Mackerras (1948). No scale bar. d—WA. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. e—VIC. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. f—ACT. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Arrows indicates partial division of apical flagellomere. (4) Palpus, lacinia (ACT). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (5) Mandible apex (WA). Scale bar = 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557525/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
), occasionally smaller (
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9CFF8EFF767DC63CA4F9ED" box="[160,238,1513,1540]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–5" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1584,1609]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,269,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,265,1564]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3–5. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (3) Antennae, a—Eidsvold. Adapted from Taylor (1927). No scale bar. b— VIC. Adapted from Tonnoir (1925). s = scape, p = pedicel, f I = flagellomere I. No scale bar. c—VIC. Adapted from Mackerras &amp; Mackerras (1948). No scale bar. d—WA. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. e—VIC. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. f—ACT. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Arrows indicates partial division of apical flagellomere. (4) Palpus, lacinia (ACT). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (5) Mandible apex (WA). Scale bar = 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557525/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Fig. 3f</figureCitation>
) even on same specimen; apical (VII) flagellomere commonly with groove at mid length (incomplete or complete division giving eight flagellomeres), markedly cone -shaped; (
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFC1B7E213FA4F9CE" box="[973,1006,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">e.g</emphasis>
.
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9CFF8EFC287E2238CDF9C1" box="[1022,1159,1549,1576]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–5" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1584,1609]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,269,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,265,1564]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3–5. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (3) Antennae, a—Eidsvold. Adapted from Taylor (1927). No scale bar. b— VIC. Adapted from Tonnoir (1925). s = scape, p = pedicel, f I = flagellomere I. No scale bar. c—VIC. Adapted from Mackerras &amp; Mackerras (1948). No scale bar. d—WA. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. e—VIC. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. f—ACT. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Arrows indicates partial division of apical flagellomere. (4) Palpus, lacinia (ACT). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (5) Mandible apex (WA). Scale bar = 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557525/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Fig. 3c, d, f</figureCitation>
), some specimens differ between sides.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFE937E1E3D82F9A2" box="[325,456,1585,1611]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Mouthparts</emphasis>
: well expressed;
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFD467E1D3EFBF9A2" box="[656,689,1586,1611]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">ca.</emphasis>
0.5× length of head depth; maxillary palpus (
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9CFF8EFB697E1E394FF9A2" box="[1215,1285,1585,1611]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–5" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1584,1609]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,269,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,265,1564]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3–5. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (3) Antennae, a—Eidsvold. Adapted from Taylor (1927). No scale bar. b— VIC. Adapted from Tonnoir (1925). s = scape, p = pedicel, f I = flagellomere I. No scale bar. c—VIC. Adapted from Mackerras &amp; Mackerras (1948). No scale bar. d—WA. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. e—VIC. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. f—ACT. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Arrows indicates partial division of apical flagellomere. (4) Palpus, lacinia (ACT). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (5) Mandible apex (WA). Scale bar = 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557525/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
), total length
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9CFF8EFF417E7B3CB6F986" box="[151,252,1620,1647]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" unit="mm" value="0.45">0.45 mm</quantity>
, palpomere III darker brown than remainder, proportional lengths of palpomeres III–V 1.0:0.7:1.3; sensory vesicle ovoid, large, 0.6× width palpomere III, opening 0.3× vesicle width; mandible (
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9CFF8EFBA77E5638FFF97A" box="[1137,1205,1656,1683]" captionStart="FIGURES 3–5" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1584,1609]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,269,1556]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,265,1564]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3–5. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (3) Antennae, a—Eidsvold. Adapted from Taylor (1927). No scale bar. b— VIC. Adapted from Tonnoir (1925). s = scape, p = pedicel, f I = flagellomere I. No scale bar. c—VIC. Adapted from Mackerras &amp; Mackerras (1948). No scale bar. d—WA. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. e—VIC. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. f—ACT. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Arrows indicates partial division of apical flagellomere. (4) Palpus, lacinia (ACT). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (5) Mandible apex (WA). Scale bar = 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557525/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) substantial basally, finely tapered apically with
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFE1B7EB13DA5F95E" box="[461,495,1694,1719]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">ca.</emphasis>
30–45 inner markedly fine teeth, slightly increasing in size towards apex, outer teeth absent; lacinia with 16 inner teeth and 11 outer teeth; cibarial cornuae (for WA, thin basally, flared apically,) elongated, thin, strongly pigmented, central depression flat (
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9CFF8EFCD17ECA3F01F8E9" box="[775,843,1765,1792]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–10" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1936,1961]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,166,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[204,1383,166,1916]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6–10. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (6) Cibarium (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (7) Basitarsus (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (8) Wing (WA). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (9) Claw. (ANIC). Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (10) Abdomen showing tergites I–VII (WA). Slide mounted. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557527/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFCB67ECA3FFBF916" box="[864,945,1765,1791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Thorax</emphasis>
: length
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9CFF8EFBDA7ECA38DCF916" box="[1036,1174,1765,1791]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.2 mm</quantity>
; width
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9CFF8EFB3E7ECB390AF916" box="[1256,1344,1764,1791]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
; scutum dark brown with dark pollinosity and moderately dense short hairs, showing dull golden dorsally, but silvery more laterally; scutellar depression with longer creamy hairs; scutellum black with similar hairs, but darker along apex; postnotum concolourous with scutellum, vestiture absent; pleuron and plural membrane with ashy pollinose.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFAB57F7D39D7F882" box="[1379,1437,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9CFF8EFF767F5A3CAEF866" box="[160,228,1909,1935]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–10" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1936,1961]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,166,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[204,1383,166,1916]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6–10. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (6) Cibarium (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (7) Basitarsus (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (8) Wing (WA). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (9) Claw. (ANIC). Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (10) Abdomen showing tergites I–VII (WA). Slide mounted. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557527/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
): clear, length 2.0–
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9CFF8EFE687F5B3E5DF866" box="[446,535,1908,1935]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="537" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
; width 1.0 mm; veins yellowish; anterior veins well expressed, except subcosta, others poorly so; CuA markedly sinuous; basal cell absent; a:b ratio 1.0: 3.4; slightly dusky on anal lobe.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFA967FB639DEF85A" box="[1344,1428,1945,1971]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Haltere</emphasis>
: knob creamy-yellow to dense white, stem grayish.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFD337F913F50F83E" box="[741,794,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Legs</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9CFF8EFCFA7F923F3EF83E" box="[812,884,1981,2007]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–10" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1936,1961]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,166,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[204,1383,166,1916]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6–10. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (6) Cibarium (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (7) Basitarsus (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (8) Wing (WA). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (9) Claw. (ANIC). Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (10) Abdomen showing tergites I–VII (WA). Slide mounted. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557527/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
): evenly medium brown; hind basitarsus
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9CFF8EFA857F913927F83E" box="[1363,1389,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="537">ca</emphasis>
. 8× longer than width, calcipala small, 0.5× width of basitarsus, not extended as far as pedisulcus; hind basitarsus mark- edly hirsute on proximal half, ventral row of stout spines poorly expressed, even less so on distal region; basitarsus II 2.5× as long as apical width; claws (
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9DFF8FFD9878923ED8FF3E" box="[590,658,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–10" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1936,1961]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,166,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[204,1383,166,1916]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6–10. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (6) Cibarium (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (7) Basitarsus (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (8) Wing (WA). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (9) Claw. (ANIC). Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (10) Abdomen showing tergites I–VII (WA). Slide mounted. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557527/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
) lacking basal tooth, with small heel.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFB94789238E6FF3E" box="[1090,1196,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9DFF8FFB6A7892395BFF3E" box="[1212,1297,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–10" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1936,1961]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,166,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[204,1383,166,1916]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6–10. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (6) Cibarium (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (7) Basitarsus (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (8) Wing (WA). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (9) Claw. (ANIC). Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (10) Abdomen showing tergites I–VII (WA). Slide mounted. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557527/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
): abdominal scale dark brown with pale hairs; tergite II rich brown with small central patch of white scales, 4×, as wide as long, tergites III–V quadratic with pale patch increasing in size posteriorly, tergites VI, VII wider than long, pale posteriorly.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFF0779063D71FEAA" box="[209,315,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Genitalia</emphasis>
: (for WA,
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9DFF8FFE6379063E4CFEAA" box="[437,518,297,323]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–17" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1316,1341]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,174,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1434,174,1297]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 14–17. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (14) Hypogynial valves (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (15) Hypogynial valves (VIC). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (16) Cerci &amp; anal lobe (VIC). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (17) Cerci &amp; anal lobe (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557531/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
) sternite VIII heavily pigmented, hypogynial valves broadly cone-shaped, lightly pigmented, basally with dense microtrichia, apically bare and clear, medial gap straight, narrow; (for NSW,
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9DFF8FFA92796239DEFE8E" box="[1348,1428,332,359]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–17" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1316,1341]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,174,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1434,174,1297]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 14–17. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (14) Hypogynial valves (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (15) Hypogynial valves (VIC). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (16) Cerci &amp; anal lobe (VIC). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (17) Cerci &amp; anal lobe (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557531/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
) sternite VIII light brown, hypogynial valves broadly cone-shaped, lightly pigmented, particularly at valve apices with a clear band of unpigmented cuticle (also seen in
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9DFF8FFCD679BA3FC8FE46" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" box="[768,898,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFCD679BA3FC8FE46" box="[768,898,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">A. pestilens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); genital fork, (ACT,
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9DFF8FFBAF79BA3880FE46" box="[1145,1226,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–13" captionStartId="7.[151,264,823,848]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,804]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,174,804]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (11) Genital fork (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (12) Genital fork (ACT). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (13) Spermatheca (VIC). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557529/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
) anterior arm well defined, slightly expanded apically, lateral membranous areas very lightly expressed, posterolateral arms with small knee bend; apodeme small, with sharp apex; (WA,
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9DFF8FFD3179F23F7DFE1E" box="[743,823,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–13" captionStartId="7.[151,264,823,848]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,804]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,174,804]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (11) Genital fork (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (12) Genital fork (ACT). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (13) Spermatheca (VIC). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557529/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
) anterior arm short, broad, lateral membranous areas moderately expressed, apodeme small and rounded apically; spermatheca (
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9DFF8FFC3E7A2E3870FDF2" box="[1000,1082,513,539]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–13" captionStartId="7.[151,264,823,848]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,804]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,174,804]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (11) Genital fork (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (12) Genital fork (ACT). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (13) Spermatheca (VIC). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557529/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
) spherical, smooth, small scattered acanthae internally, junction with duct large with sculpted edge; cercus (VIC,
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9DFF8FFBED7A0A38C1FDA9" box="[1083,1163,549,576]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–17" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1316,1341]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,174,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1434,174,1297]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 14–17. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (14) Hypogynial valves (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (15) Hypogynial valves (VIC). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (16) Cerci &amp; anal lobe (VIC). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (17) Cerci &amp; anal lobe (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557531/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
) ovoid, anal lobe poorly expressed, (WA,
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9DFF8FFE807A663DECFD8A" box="[342,422,585,611]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–17" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1316,1341]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,174,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1434,174,1297]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 14–17. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (14) Hypogynial valves (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (15) Hypogynial valves (VIC). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (16) Cerci &amp; anal lobe (VIC). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (17) Cerci &amp; anal lobe (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557531/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
) cercus broadly rounded, slightly ovoid, evenly spaced hairs, dense microtrichia, anal lobe larger, albeit not protrusive.
</paragraph>
<caption id="52CACEC1FF9DFF8FFF417CD43DE3FADE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557523" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3557523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557523/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="538" startId="3.[151,264,1275,1300]" targetBox="[151,1436,661,1255]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9DFF8FFF417CD43DE3FADE" blockId="3.[151,1436,1275,1336]" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFF417CD43D56FAFD" bold="true" box="[151,284,1275,1300]" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">FIGURES 1</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFEFF7CD43D7CFAFD" bold="true" box="[297,310,1275,1300]" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">2</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9DFF8FFE927CD43E0DFAFA" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[324,583,1275,1299]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="538" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFE927CD43E0DFAFA" box="[324,583,1275,1299]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female. (1) Habitus of female (WA). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (2) Frontal view of head (WA). Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9DFF88FF117D4A3D3FFF12" blockId="3.[151,1437,1381,2020]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,153,251]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="539" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFF117D4A3D05FA69" bold="true" box="[199,335,1381,1408]" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Adult male</emphasis>
(based on ‘allotype’, WA; plus NSW material).
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFCAA7D493FFCFA69" box="[892,950,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Body</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9DFF8FFC117D493856FA69" box="[967,1052,1382,1408]" captionStart="FIGURES 18, 19" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1033,1058]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1014]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,373,1014]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 18, 19. Austrosimulium bancrofti male. (18) Habitus (NSW). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (19) Head (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557533/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
): head and thorax dark, abdomen lighter; total length
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFEAD7DA43DD7FA4D" box="[379,413,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">ca.</emphasis>
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9DFF8FFE707DA53E4BFA4D" box="[422,513,1418,1444]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFDD87DA53E01FA4D" box="[526,587,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9DFF8FFD8A7DA53EF8FA4D" box="[604,690,1418,1444]" captionStart="FIGURES 18, 19" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1033,1058]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,373,1014]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,373,1014]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 18, 19. Austrosimulium bancrofti male. (18) Habitus (NSW). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (19) Head (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557533/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
): width
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9DFF8FFCC47DA53F26FA4D" box="[786,876,1418,1444]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
, depth
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9DFF8FFC177DA53860FA4D" box="[961,1066,1418,1444]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="0.62">0.62 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFBE17DA43826FA4D" box="[1079,1132,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Eyes</emphasis>
: upper ommatidia yellowish orange, diameter
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9DFF8FFE5C7D823E4BFA21" box="[394,513,1453,1480]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="0.035">0.035 mm</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFDD97D803E63FA21" box="[527,553,1455,1480]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">ca</emphasis>
. 23 across 26 down; lower ommatidia blackish red, diameter
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9DFF8FFB217D813926FA21" box="[1271,1388,1454,1480]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0999999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="0.011">0.011 mm</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFAAD7D8039D6FA21" box="[1403,1436,1455,1480]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">ca.</emphasis>
26 across and 30 down.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFE647DFD3E46FA05" box="[434,524,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Clypeus</emphasis>
: pollinose.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFD427DFD3EBBFA05" box="[660,753,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9DFF8FFCD57DFD3F11FA05" box="[771,859,1490,1516]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1930,1955]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,697,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1432,697,1910]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Austrosimulium bancrofti male. (20) Antenna (NSW). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (21) Maxillary palpus (ACT), showing palpomeres III–V. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (22) Maxillary palpus (NSW). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (23) Genitalia (NSW). m s—median sclerite; pm—paramere; v p—ventral plate. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557535/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
): total length
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9DFF8FFC2D7DFE381DFA05" box="[1019,1111,1489,1516]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
; evenly dark brown, pedicel spherical and broader than remainder of antenna; flagellomere I elongated, 2× as long as wide, II rounded, III–IV angulate, distal (VII) markedly cone-shaped, often not completely separated from flagellomere VI.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFAC47E3539DFF9DD" box="[1298,1429,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Mouthparts</emphasis>
: poorly developed; length 0.3× head depth; mandibles and lacinia with terminal hairs; maxillary palpus (
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9DFF8FFACC7E1139DEF9B1" box="[1306,1428,1598,1624]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1930,1955]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,697,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1432,697,1910]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Austrosimulium bancrofti male. (20) Antenna (NSW). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (21) Maxillary palpus (ACT), showing palpomeres III–V. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (22) Maxillary palpus (NSW). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (23) Genitalia (NSW). m s—median sclerite; pm—paramere; v p—ventral plate. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557535/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Fig. 21, 22</figureCitation>
) length
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFF337E4C3CB5F995" box="[229,255,1635,1660]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">ca</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9DFF8FFED87E4E3D2DF995" box="[270,359,1633,1660]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
, palpomere III dark, narrowed, sensory vesicle irregular in shape, 0.3× palpomere width, opening 0.2× vesicle width, palpomere IV moderately pigmented, expanded apically, palpomere V pale, proportional lengths of palpomeres III–V 1.0:0.7:1.3; there are minor differences between palpi from ACT (
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9DFF8FFB1D7E853957F92D" box="[1227,1309,1706,1732]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1930,1955]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,697,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1432,697,1910]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Austrosimulium bancrofti male. (20) Antenna (NSW). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (21) Maxillary palpus (ACT), showing palpomeres III–V. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (22) Maxillary palpus (NSW). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (23) Genitalia (NSW). m s—median sclerite; pm—paramere; v p—ventral plate. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557535/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
) and NSW (
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9DFF8FFF767EE13CBBF900" box="[160,241,1742,1769]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1930,1955]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,697,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1432,697,1910]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Austrosimulium bancrofti male. (20) Antenna (NSW). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (21) Maxillary palpus (ACT), showing palpomeres III–V. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (22) Maxillary palpus (NSW). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (23) Genitalia (NSW). m s—median sclerite; pm—paramere; v p—ventral plate. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557535/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
)—shape of palpomere III, and length and shape of palpomere V.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFC097EE1387AF901" box="[991,1072,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Thorax</emphasis>
: length
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9DFF8FFB587EE138A3F901" box="[1166,1257,1742,1768]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
; width
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9DFF8FFAEB7EE139D2F901" box="[1341,1432,1742,1768]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
; scutum evenly velvety brown, vestiture of sparse silvery scales; scutellum and postnotum concolourous with scutum.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFF047F383D46F8D9" box="[210,268,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Wing</emphasis>
: length 2.0 mm, width
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9DFF8FFDCE7F393E38F8D9" box="[536,626,1814,1840]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="538" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
; anterior veins yellowish.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFC487F393FB8F8D9" box="[926,1010,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Haltere</emphasis>
: stem gray, knob white.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFADB7F383908F8D9" box="[1293,1346,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Legs</emphasis>
: evenly dark brown; hind basitarsus, 5.5× longer than width, markedly hirsute on proximal half, ventral row of stout spines present, but spaced irregularly.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFE207F713E2AF891" box="[502,608,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Abdomen</emphasis>
: dark brown, pollinosity absent.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFC077F713871F891" box="[977,1083,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Genitalia</emphasis>
: (
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9DFF8FFB847F7138EDF891" box="[1106,1191,1886,1912]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1930,1955]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,697,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1432,697,1910]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Austrosimulium bancrofti male. (20) Antenna (NSW). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (21) Maxillary palpus (ACT), showing palpomeres III–V. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (22) Maxillary palpus (NSW). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (23) Genitalia (NSW). m s—median sclerite; pm—paramere; v p—ventral plate. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557535/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
). gonocoxa as long as basal width, poorly sclerotized anteromedially; gonostylus
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9DFF8FFCE27FAC3F1CF875" box="[820,854,1923,1948]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="538">ca.</emphasis>
4× as long as basal width, angulate in lateral view, slightly curved, 3–5 terminal spines, various even on same specimen; ventral plate markedly cone-shaped laterally, 1.7× as wide as long, very broadly V-shaped posteriorly, anterior arms not markedly developed, medial keel mark- edly broad, directed ventrally, with broad apex anteriorly, vestiture of dense fine hairs; median sclerite not markedly expressed, bifurcated apically; paramere as distinct curved rod with fine apical spinules; adeagal membrane with sparse microtrichia.
</paragraph>
<caption id="52CACEC1FF9AFF88FF417E1F3DFCF931" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557525" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3557525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557525/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" startId="4.[151,264,1584,1609]" targetBox="[151,1436,269,1556]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9AFF88FF417E1F3DFCF931" blockId="4.[151,1437,1584,1753]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9AFF88FF417E1F3D76F9A0" bold="true" box="[151,316,1584,1609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">FIGURES 3–5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9AFF88FE947E1F3E0FF9A1" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[322,581,1584,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9AFF88FE947E1F3E0FF9A1" box="[322,581,1584,1608]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female. (3) Antennae, a—Eidsvold. Adapted from
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF9AFF88FB867E1F38AAF9A1" author="Taylor, F. H." box="[1104,1248,1584,1609]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" pagination="70 - 72" refId="ref15410" refString="Taylor, F. H. (1927) A note on Simulium bancrofti Taylor, with the description of new species of Simulium (Dipt.). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 18, 70 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300019702" type="journal article" year="1927">Taylor (1927)</bibRefCitation>
. No scale bar. b— VIC. Adapted from
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF9AFF88FEB77E7B3DB4F984" author="Tonnoir, A. L." box="[353,510,1620,1645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" pagination="213 - 255" refId="ref15461" refString="Tonnoir, A. L. (1925) Australasian Simuliidae. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 15, 213 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300046198" type="journal article" year="1925">Tonnoir (1925)</bibRefCitation>
. s = scape, p = pedicel, f I = flagellomere I. No scale bar. c—VIC. Adapted from
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF9AFF88FAE77E7B3D23F979" author="Mackerras, M. J. &amp; Mackerras, I. M." pageId="4" pageNumber="539" pagination="231 - 270" refId="ref14355" refString="Mackerras, M. J. &amp; Mackerras, I. M. (1948) Simuliidae (Diptera) from Queensland. Australian Journal of Scientific Research, Series B, Biological Sciences, 1, 231 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / BI 9480231" type="journal article" year="1948">Mackerras &amp; Mackerras (1948)</bibRefCitation>
. No scale bar. d—WA. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. e—VIC. Scale bar = 0.05 mm. f—ACT. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Arrows indicates partial division of apical flagellomere. (4) Palpus, lacinia (ACT). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (5) Mandible apex (WA). Scale bar = 0.02 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9AFF89FF117F283F6DFE62" blockId="4.[151,1437,1798,2041]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="540" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9AFF88FF117F283D4FF8C8" bold="true" box="[199,261,1799,1825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">Pupa</emphasis>
(numerous specimens, NSW, VIC) (
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9AFF88FD487F283EB8F8C8" box="[670,754,1799,1825]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1938,1963]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,166,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[199,1389,166,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 24–29. Austrosimulium bancrofti pupa. (24) Dorsal view of pupae &amp; cocoons (NSW). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (25) Gill (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (26) Gill filament bases (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (27) Head capsule, male (NSW). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (28) Head capsule, female (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (29) Thoracic cuticle (ACT). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557537/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9AFF88FCD37F283F75F8C8" box="[773,831,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">Body</emphasis>
: female, length 2.3–3.0 mm, male
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9AFF88FB127F293904F8C8" box="[1220,1358,1798,1825]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.9" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="539" unit="mm" value="2.7" valueMax="2.9" valueMin="2.5">2.5–2.9 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9AFF88FA8E7F2839DFF8C8" box="[1368,1429,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">Head</emphasis>
: cephalic apotome lightly tuberculated with distinct tubercles arrayed along ecdysial sutures; male frons (
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9AFF88FA977F0439DEF8AC" box="[1345,1428,1835,1861]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1938,1963]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,166,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[199,1389,166,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 24–29. Austrosimulium bancrofti pupa. (24) Dorsal view of pupae &amp; cocoons (NSW). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (25) Gill (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (26) Gill filament bases (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (27) Head capsule, male (NSW). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (28) Head capsule, female (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (29) Thoracic cuticle (ACT). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557537/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
) rounded apically, ratio of basal width to vertex width 1.0:2.2, basal width to length 1.0:2.6; frontal and facial setae present, but small; epicranial setae small, not obscured by antennal sheath; cuticle essentially smooth apically, tuberculate basally; female frons (
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9AFF88FE2D7FB83E06F858" box="[507,588,1943,1969]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1938,1963]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,166,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[199,1389,166,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 24–29. Austrosimulium bancrofti pupa. (24) Dorsal view of pupae &amp; cocoons (NSW). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (25) Gill (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (26) Gill filament bases (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (27) Head capsule, male (NSW). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (28) Head capsule, female (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (29) Thoracic cuticle (ACT). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557537/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
) short broad with flat apex, ratio of basal width to vertex width 1.0:2.0, ratio of basal width to length 1.0:1.5, cuticle and setae as for female.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9AFF88FCB57F943FFEF83C" box="[867,948,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9AFF88FC127F943852F83C" box="[964,1048,1979,2005]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1938,1963]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,166,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[199,1389,166,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 24–29. Austrosimulium bancrofti pupa. (24) Dorsal view of pupae &amp; cocoons (NSW). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (25) Gill (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (26) Gill filament bases (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (27) Head capsule, male (NSW). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (28) Head capsule, female (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (29) Thoracic cuticle (ACT). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557537/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="539">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
): cuticle with tubercles in rosettes, concentrated along medial ecdysial suture, more densely around gill base, no pattern; dorsocentral sensilla as small fine hairs.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FEC578B63D75FF5A" box="[275,319,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Gill</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9BFF89FE8678B63DEDFF5A" box="[336,423,152,179]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1938,1963]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,166,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[199,1389,166,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 24–29. Austrosimulium bancrofti pupa. (24) Dorsal view of pupae &amp; cocoons (NSW). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (25) Gill (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (26) Gill filament bases (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (27) Head capsule, male (NSW). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (28) Head capsule, female (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (29) Thoracic cuticle (ACT). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557537/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
): broad flat spatulate horn,
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9BFF89FD3078B73F06FF5A" box="[742,844,152,179]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="0.65">0.65 mm</quantity>
in length, with short sharp spinules distally;
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FA8378B53925FF5A" box="[1365,1391,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">ca</emphasis>
. 60 fine filaments,
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9BFF89FE9778933DF9FF3E" box="[321,435,188,215]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="0.005">0.005 mm</quantity>
in diameter, subequal to horn length, absent from distal quarter of horn; filament surface annulated, annulations 2×longer than wide, slightly bead-shaped, concertinaed (ringed) at attachment to horn (
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9BFF89FAB978CE3CFDFEC9" captionStart="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1938,1963]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,166,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[199,1389,166,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 24–29. Austrosimulium bancrofti pupa. (24) Dorsal view of pupae &amp; cocoons (NSW). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (25) Gill (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (26) Gill filament bases (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (27) Head capsule, male (NSW). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (28) Head capsule, female (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (29) Thoracic cuticle (ACT). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557537/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FF1D792A3D7FFEF6" box="[203,309,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Abdomen</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9BFF89FE93792A3D9AFEF6" box="[325,464,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURES 30–31" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1838,1863]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,174,1819]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1432,174,1819]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 30–31. Austrosimulium bancrofti pupa. (30) Abdominal cuticle &amp; armature, dorsoventrally flattened (ACT). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (31) Terminal abdomen (ACT). Arrow indicates terminal spines. Scale bar = 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557540/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Figs. 30, 31</figureCitation>
): cuticle thin, colourless; armature markedly reduced; sternite armature absent; tergite I slightly sclerotized, tergite II with fine hairs, III–VII with anteriorly directed hooks, spine combs absent, but with minute scales, tergite VIII with grapnel hooks and posterocentral region of scales, tergite IX terminal spines small, directed posteriorly, sternite IX with sparse grapnel hooks.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9BFF89FF1179BB3F68FE3A" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FF1179BB3D6BFE46" bold="true" box="[199,289,404,431]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Cocoon</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9BFF89FEE679BA3DCEFE46" box="[304,388,405,431]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1938,1963]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,166,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[199,1389,166,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 24–29. Austrosimulium bancrofti pupa. (24) Dorsal view of pupae &amp; cocoons (NSW). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (25) Gill (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (26) Gill filament bases (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (27) Head capsule, male (NSW). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (28) Head capsule, female (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (29) Thoracic cuticle (ACT). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557537/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
): shoe-shaped, extended beyond pupa; fabric closely woven with distinct edge to anterodorsal opening, ventral collar well extended, with irregular edge.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9BFF89FF1179F2397FFABE" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FF1179F23D5AFE1E" bold="true" box="[199,272,477,503]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Larva</emphasis>
(based on numerous last instar specimens).
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FCD079F23F0AFE1E" box="[774,832,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Body</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9BFF89FC8679F23FEFFE1E" box="[848,933,477,503]" captionStart="FIGURES 32–36" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,194,1886]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 32–36. Austrosimulium bancrofti last instar larvae. (32) Habitus (NSW). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (33) Head (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (34) Antenna (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (35) Postgenal cleft (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (36) Hypostoma (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557542/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
): total length 5.0–
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9BFF89FBA279F33886FE1E" box="[1140,1228,476,503]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="6.7">6.7 mm</quantity>
, creamy ventrally, segments I–III with distinct dark brown bands and pale intersegmental regions, posteriorly merging into medium brown.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FF397A0A3D66FDD6" box="[239,300,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9BFF89FEE87A0A3DDEFDD6" box="[318,404,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURES 32–36" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,194,1886]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 32–36. Austrosimulium bancrofti last instar larvae. (32) Habitus (NSW). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (33) Head (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (34) Antenna (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (35) Postgenal cleft (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (36) Hypostoma (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557542/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
): slightly narrowed anteriorly, margins not markedly convex posteriorly; length
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9BFF89FAF97A0A39D2FDD6" box="[1327,1432,549,575]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.70 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9BFF89FF367A673D00FD8A" box="[224,330,584,611]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="0.53">0.53 mm</quantity>
; distance between antennal bases
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9BFF89FD057A663F76FD8A" box="[723,828,585,611]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="0.38">0.38 mm</quantity>
; anterior apotome creamy, head spot pattern positive usually dark brown, pattern variable, but commonly as a diffuse cross, darker posteriorly across the apotome; laterally two spots each just ventral to stemmata; ecdysial sutures distinct posteriorly; postocciput markedly expressed, cervical sclerites small and fused to postocciput.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FD6C7A9A3F5DFD26" box="[698,791,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Antenna</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9BFF89FCF07A9A3F30FD26" box="[806,890,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURES 32–36" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,194,1886]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 32–36. Austrosimulium bancrofti last instar larvae. (32) Habitus (NSW). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (33) Head (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (34) Antenna (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (35) Postgenal cleft (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (36) Hypostoma (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557542/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
): total length
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9BFF89FBC57A9A3832FD26" box="[1043,1144,693,719]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="0.27">0.27 mm</quantity>
, extended slightly beyond labral fan stem; evenly light brown, basal antennomere short, medial and distal antennomeres subequal in length, proportional lengths of antennomeres I–III, 1.0:1.8:1.8.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FCD57AD23F30FCFE" box="[771,890,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Labral fan</emphasis>
: stem short and broad, slightly pigmented,
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FA8F7AD13930FCFE" box="[1369,1402,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">ca.</emphasis>
40 fine rays, length
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9BFF89FE807B0E3DE5FCD2" box="[342,431,801,827]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
, width
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9BFF89FDD27B0F3E24FCD2" box="[516,622,800,827]" metricMagnitude="-6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="0.005">0.005mm</quantity>
at mid-length; microtrichia all fine, long, subequal,
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FB167B0D3890FCD2" box="[1216,1242,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">ca</emphasis>
.
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF9BFF89FB3F7B0E3916FCD2" box="[1257,1372,801,827]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="0.023">0.023 mm</quantity>
long, regularly arrayed.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FEB37B6A3E41FCB6" box="[357,523,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Postgenal cleft</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9BFF89FDCD7B6A3E25FCB6" box="[539,623,836,863]" captionStart="FIGURES 32–36" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,194,1886]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 32–36. Austrosimulium bancrofti last instar larvae. (32) Habitus (NSW). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (33) Head (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (34) Antenna (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (35) Postgenal cleft (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (36) Hypostoma (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557542/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
): broadly V-shaped with irregular apex; postgenal bridge mottled brown, concolourous with genae; ratio of hypostoma, postgenal bridge and cleft 1.0:1.6:1.6; posterior tentorial pits small, surrounding cuticle heavily sclerotized.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FD8B7BA13E97FC4E" box="[605,733,910,935]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Hypostoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9BFF89FD387BA23F09FC41" box="[750,835,909,936]" captionStart="FIGURES 32–36" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1934,1959]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,239,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,194,1886]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 32–36. Austrosimulium bancrofti last instar larvae. (32) Habitus (NSW). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (33) Head (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (34) Antenna (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (35) Postgenal cleft (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (36) Hypostoma (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557542/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
): teeth markedly variable, largely covered by ventral edge of hypostoma; tooth 0 (median) well expressed, but not protruded, tooth 1 (first sublateral) apparently absent, tooth 2 (second sublateral) small or non existent—variable even on same specimen, tooth 3 just protruding beyond ventral edge, tooth 4 (lateral) well developed and protrusive, teeth 5–7 apparently absent, replaced by points on hypostomal edge; four or five hypostomal setae per side.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FCC67C323F31FBDE" box="[784,891,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Mandible</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9BFF89FC5C7C32385BFBDE" box="[906,1041,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURES 37, 38" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1389,1414]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,805,1369]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,805,1369]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 37, 38. Austrosimulium bancrofti last instar larvae. (37) Mandible (NSW). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (38) Mandible apex (NSW). Scale bar = 0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557544/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Figs. 37, 38</figureCitation>
): short and broad, anterior covering brush exacerbated; outer, apical and subapical tooth on narrowed apex, with the apical brush short and protrusive; eight spinous teeth; sensillum and three to five serrations distinct, on raised base; blade region, smooth and slightly convex.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FF217CA63D04FB4A" box="[247,334,1161,1187]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Maxilla</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9BFF89FE887CA63DFEFB4A" box="[350,436,1161,1187]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–41" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1958,1983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,700,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,697,1938]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 39–41. Austrosimulium bancrofti last instar larvae. (39) Maxilla (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (40) Thorax (NSW). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (41 Anal sclerite &amp; circlet of hooks (NSW). Arrow indicates ‘interarm strut’. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557546/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Fig. 39</figureCitation>
): lobe short and broad, palp well separated from lobe, short, 2× longer than basal width, patch of short hairs basally.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FE0A7C823E67FB2E" box="[476,557,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Thorax</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9BFF89FDE87C823EDCFB2E" box="[574,662,1197,1223]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–41" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1958,1983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,700,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,697,1938]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 39–41. Austrosimulium bancrofti last instar larvae. (39) Maxilla (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (40) Thorax (NSW). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (41 Anal sclerite &amp; circlet of hooks (NSW). Arrow indicates ‘interarm strut’. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557546/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
): anterior proleg with small, poorly expressed lateral plates; mature pharate pupal gill elongated, directed 45º posteroventrally, filament aligned with horn posteriorly then recurved anterodorsally.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FE927CDA3DB2FAE6" box="[324,504,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Ventral papillae</emphasis>
: absent.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FD8B7CDA3EA1FAE6" box="[605,747,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Anal sclerite</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF9BFF89FD2D7CDA3F1AFAE6" box="[763,848,1269,1295]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–41" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1958,1983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,700,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,697,1938]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 39–41. Austrosimulium bancrofti last instar larvae. (39) Maxilla (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (40) Thorax (NSW). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (41 Anal sclerite &amp; circlet of hooks (NSW). Arrow indicates ‘interarm strut’. Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557546/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
): anterodorsal arm short and not expanded, interarm struts distinct, posteroventral arms elongated and smoothly tapered; accessory and semicircular sclerites absent.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FF417D123D08FABE" box="[151,322,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Rectal papillae</emphasis>
: three simple lobes.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FDFC7D113EABFABE" box="[554,737,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Posterior circlet</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FD267D113F58FABE" box="[752,786,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">ca.</emphasis>
100 rows, 20–25 hooks per row (total
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FB127D1138ACFABE" box="[1220,1254,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">ca.</emphasis>
2500).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9BFF89FF117D4E3ECBFA0E" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FF117D4E3D46FA92" bold="true" box="[199,268,1377,1403]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Types</emphasis>
. While the specific status of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9BFF89FDB77D4E3FCBFA92" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[609,897,1377,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FDB77D4E3FCBFA92" box="[609,897,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9BFF89FC6A7D4E380AFA92" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" box="[956,1088,1377,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FC6A7D4E380AFA92" box="[956,1088,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">A. pestilens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was initially muddled, that of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9BFF89FF417DAA3CB7FA76" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[151,253,1413,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FF417DAA3CB7FA76" box="[151,253,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF9BFF89FED07DAA3D0BFA76" box="[262,321,1413,1439]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">types</typeStatus>
was equally so.
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF9BFF89FDD57DAA3E90FA49" author="Taylor, F. H." box="[515,730,1413,1440]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="167 - 170" refId="ref15352" refString="Taylor, F. H. (1918) Studies in phlebotomic Diptera. No. 1. New species of Simuliidae and Chironomidae. The Australian Zoologist, 1, 167 - 170. Available from: https: // www. cabdirect. org / cabdirect / abstract / 19191000132 (accessed 4 October 2019)" type="journal article" year="1918">Taylor (1918: 168)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9BFF89FC8E7DAA3FF4FA76" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[856,958,1413,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FC8E7DAA3FF4FA76" box="[856,958,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from females from Eidsvold. There is no mention specifically of
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF9BFF89FE727D863DA8FA2A" box="[420,482,1449,1475]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">types</typeStatus>
, except in the article’s introduction that states “
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FC297D863DD3FA0E" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
The
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF9BFF89FBE77D85382AFA2A" box="[1073,1120,1450,1475]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">type</typeStatus>
specimens are contained in the Institute collection.
</emphasis>
” There are no dates.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9BFF89FF117DDE3EB5F8C2" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
As given previously here,
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF9BFF89FE277DDE3FE8F9E2" author="Mackerras, M. J. &amp; Mackerras, I. M." box="[497,930,1520,1547]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="231 - 270" refId="ref14355" refString="Mackerras, M. J. &amp; Mackerras, I. M. (1948) Simuliidae (Diptera) from Queensland. Australian Journal of Scientific Research, Series B, Biological Sciences, 1, 231 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / BI 9480231" type="journal article" year="1948">Mackerras and Mackerras (1948: 258)</bibRefCitation>
had access to Taylor’s type series of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9BFF89FA9F7DDE3C99F9C6" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1918" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FA9F7DDE3C99F9C6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There were nine specimens, all female. This material, originally housed in the Australian Institute of Tropical Medicine, Townsville, had been transferred to the collection of the Division of Economic Entomology, C.S.I.R., Canberra; now the Australian National Insect Collection (ANIC), C.S.I.R.O, Canberra. Only two of those specimens were of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9BFF89FF257EAE3D3DF972" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[243,375,1665,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FF257EAE3D3DF972" box="[243,375,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the other seven were
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FDA47EAE3EB0F972" box="[626,762,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9BFF89FDA47EAE3EBDF972" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" box="[626,759,1665,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">A. pestilens</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Of the two
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9BFF89FCA97EAE3FAFF972" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1918" box="[895,997,1665,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FCA97EAE3FAFF972" box="[895,997,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens, one with “
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF9BFF89FB097EAE390CF972" box="[1247,1350,1665,1691]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" type="allotype">Allotype</typeStatus>
” on the label was accepted by the Mackerras’ as the
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF9BFF89FD457E8A3EB3F956" box="[659,761,1701,1727]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Another with “
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF9BFF89FC7D7E8A3859F956" box="[939,1043,1701,1727]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
” appears to have been accepted as a
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF9BFF89FF7A7EE63D45F90A" box="[172,271,1737,1763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, but that is not fully clear.
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF9BFF89FD937EE63F1BF90A" author="Dumbleton &amp; L. I" box="[581,849,1736,1763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="480 - 584" refId="ref13776" refString="Dumbleton. L. I. (1973) The genus Austrosimulium Tonnoir (Diptera: Simuliidae) with particular reference to the New Zealand fauna. New Zealand Journal of Science, 15, 480 - 584 (1972). Available from: http: // www. bugz. org. nz / (accessed 4 October 2019)" type="journal article" year="1973">Dumbleton (1973: 557)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF9BFF89FC5C7EE638C4F90A" author="Bugledich, E. - M. A." box="[906,1166,1737,1763]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="325 - 337" refId="ref12771" refString="Bugledich, E. - M. A. (1999) Simuliidae. In: Wells, A. &amp; Houston, W. W. K. (Eds.), Diptera: Nematocera, Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 30.1. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp. 325 - 337." type="book chapter" year="1999">Bugledich (1999: 331)</bibRefCitation>
, both accepted the “
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF9BFF89FAA37EE63CAAF8EE" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" type="allotype">Allotype</typeStatus>
” specimen as the
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF9BFF89FE7A7EC23E44F8EE" box="[428,526,1773,1799]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and that is followed herein. Both these specimens are currently housed in ANIC and the “
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF9BFF89FF2F7F3E3D2BF8C2" box="[249,353,1809,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
” specimen is accepted as a
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF9BFF89FD417F3E3EB1F8C2" box="[663,763,1809,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF9BFF8BFF117F1B3EABFA79" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,930,2036]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="542" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
<materialsCitation id="B6DD9414FF9BFF89FF117F1B3ED4F87E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2556251966" collectorName="L. Bancroft lived in Eidsvold" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="542" location="Simulium" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="2" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="QUEENSLAND" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FF117F1B3D78F8A6" box="[199,306,1844,1871]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FF117F1B3D69F8A6" bold="true" box="[199,291,1844,1871]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF9BFF89FF117F1B3D69F8A6" box="[199,291,1844,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" type="holotype">Holotyp</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
e
</emphasis>
.
<specimenCount id="10B355C0FF9BFF89FEE87F1A3DC6F8A6" box="[318,396,1845,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" type="female">Pinned</specimenCount>
female on pith. Label data: [EIDSVOLD,
<collectingRegion id="C47150ABFF9BFF89FCBF7F1A3F38F8A6" box="[873,882,1845,1871]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">/</collectingRegion>
QUEENSLAND
<collectingMunicipality id="E66E0433FF9BFF89FBE37F1A38EDF8A6" box="[1077,1191,1845,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">/ Dr. T. L.</collectingMunicipality>
Bancroft.]
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF9BFF89FAFF7F1A3965F8A6" box="[1321,1327,1845,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">[</typeStatus>
Allotype
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9BFF89FA427F1A39D7F8A6" authorityName="Craig" authorityYear="2019" box="[1428,1437,1845,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<location id="036AC892FF9BFF89FA427F1A39D7F8A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF9BFF89FA427F1A39D7F8A6" box="[1428,1437,1845,1871]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="Simulium" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" stateProvince="QUEENSLAND">/</location>
</taxonomicName>
Simulium
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9BFF89FED37F763D35F89A" authority=", Taylor" authorityName="Taylor" box="[261,383,1881,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
/ bancrofti
<location id="036AC892FF9BFF89FEAD7F763D35F89A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF9BFF89FEAD7F763D35F89A" box="[379,383,1881,1907]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="Taylor" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" stateProvince="QUEENSLAND">,</location>
</taxonomicName>
Taylor]. No date. The type is in good condition, albeit missing maxillary palpi, and the minuten pin is badly corroded. ANIC. Examined DAC,
</materialsCitation>
2011
<materialsCitation id="B6DD9414FF9BFF8BFD097F523D89FBED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2556251965" collectorName="L. Bancroft lived in Eidsvold" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="542" location="One" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="QUEENSLAND" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF9BFF89FD097F523EA9F87E" bold="true" box="[735,739,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF9BFF89FD097F523EA9F87E" box="[735,739,1917,1943]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">.</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
Paratype
<location id="036AC892FF9BFF89FEF87F8E3D7FF852" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF9BFF89FEF87F8E3D7FF852" box="[302,309,1953,1979]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="One" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" stateProvince="QUEENSLAND">.</location>
One
<specimenCount id="10B355C0FF9BFF89FEB97F8E3DFDF852" box="[367,439,1953,1979]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" type="adult">pinned</specimenCount>
adult
<location id="036AC892FF9BFF89FE237F8E3DB3F852" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF9BFF89FE237F8E3DB3F852" box="[501,505,1953,1979]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="Label" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" stateProvince="QUEENSLAND">.</location>
Label data: [EIDSVOLD,
<collectingRegion id="C47150ABFF9BFF89FCD97F8E3F5DF852" box="[783,791,1953,1979]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">/</collectingRegion>
QUEENSLAND
<location id="036AC892FF9BFF89FC057F8E3870F852" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF9BFF89FC057F8E3870F852" box="[979,1082,1953,1979]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" stateProvince="QUEENSLAND">/ Dr. T. L.</location>
Bancroft.] [PARATYPE {F}
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9BFF89FABA7F8E393DF855" authorityName="Craig" authorityYear="2019" box="[1388,1399,1953,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<location id="036AC892FF9BFF89FABA7F8E393DF855" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF9BFF89FABA7F8E393DF855" box="[1388,1399,1953,1980]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="Simulium" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" stateProvince="QUEENSLAND">/</location>
</taxonomicName>
Si- mulium
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF9BFF89FF3F7FEA3D17F836" authority=", Taylor" authorityName="Taylor" box="[233,349,1989,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
/ bancrofti
<location id="036AC892FF9BFF89FE8F7FEA3D17F836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF9BFF89FE8F7FEA3D17F836" box="[345,349,1989,2015]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="Taylor" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" stateProvince="QUEENSLAND">,</location>
</taxonomicName>
Taylor]
<location id="036AC892FF9BFF89FE657FEB3DFDF836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF9BFF89FE657FEB3DFDF836" box="[435,439,1988,2015]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="No" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" stateProvince="QUEENSLAND">.</location>
No date. ANIC. Examined DAC, 2011
<location id="036AC892FF9BFF89FC817FEA3F11F836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF9BFF89FC817FEA3F11F836" box="[855,859,1989,2015]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="Oddly" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" stateProvince="QUEENSLAND">.</location>
Oddly
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF9BFF89FC727FEA382AF836" author="Bugledich, E. - M. A." box="[932,1120,1989,2015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" pagination="325 - 337" refId="ref12771" refString="Bugledich, E. - M. A. (1999) Simuliidae. In: Wells, A. &amp; Houston, W. W. K. (Eds.), Diptera: Nematocera, Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 30.1. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp. 325 - 337." type="book chapter" year="1999">
<location id="036AC892FF9BFF89FC727FEA3FE2F836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF9BFF89FC727FEA3FE2F836" box="[932,936,1989,2015]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="Bugledich" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" stateProvince="QUEENSLAND">,</location>
Bugledich (1999
</bibRefCitation>
) did not mention paratypes
<location id="036AC892FF9BFF89FA527FEA39C2F836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF9BFF89FA527FEA39C2F836" box="[1412,1416,1989,2015]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="Date" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" stateProvince="QUEENSLAND">.</location>
Date for the types
<location id="036AC892FF99FF8BFE4E7B8D3D84FC55" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF99FF8BFE4E7B8D3D84FC55" box="[408,462,930,956]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="Eidsvold" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" stateProvince="QUEENSLAND">from</location>
Eidsvold is unknown—T
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF99FF8BFD247B8D3F91FC55" box="[754,987,930,956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">. L. Bancroft lived in</collectorName>
Eidsvold for twenty years (1910–1930) and had many opportunities to collect simuliid material—as well as many other organisms, and he did
<location id="036AC892FF99FF8BFB297BE9394DFC09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF99FF8BFB297BE9394DFC09" box="[1279,1287,966,992]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="Marks" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" stateProvince="QUEENSLAND">(</location>
Marks, 1973
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF99FF8BFA4E7BE93DCAFBED" author="Mackerras, I. M. &amp; Marks, E. N." pageId="7" pageNumber="542" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref14552" refString="Mackerras, I. M. &amp; Marks, E. N. (1973) The Bancrofts: a century of scientific endeavour. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 84, 1 - 34. Available from: https: // trove. nla. gov. au / work / 5243755 (accessed 4 October 2019)" type="journal article" year="1973">
<location id="036AC892FF99FF8BFA4E7BE93D60FBED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF99FF8BFA4E7BE93D60FBED" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="Mackerras &amp; Marks" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" stateProvince="QUEENSLAND">; Mackerras &amp;</location>
Marks,
</bibRefCitation>
1973
</materialsCitation>
)
<materialsCitation id="B6DD9414FF99FF8BFE1D7BC53E97FA79" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2556251964" collectorName="L. Bancroft lived in Eidsvold" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="542" location="Other material. There" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" pageId="7" pageNumber="540" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-adult="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Alberta" typeStatus="type">
<location id="036AC892FF99FF8BFE1D7BC53DC8FBC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF99FF8BFE1D7BC53DC8FBC1" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="Other material. There" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" stateProvince="Alberta">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFE1D7BC53D31FBC1" bold="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">. Other material</emphasis>
.
</location>
There are some hundreds of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF99FF8BFD067C213F76FBC1" box="[720,828,1038,1064]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFD067C213F76FBC1" box="[720,828,1038,1064]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">pinned A.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="10B355C0FF99FF8BFC927C213FE0FBC1" box="[836,938,1038,1064]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" type="adult">bancrofti</specimenCount>
adults in the ANIC
<location id="036AC892FF99FF8BFB5A7C2138DAFBC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF99FF8BFB5A7C2138DAFBC1" box="[1164,1168,1038,1064]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="Of" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" stateProvince="Alberta">.</location>
Of interest is that there are 12
<specimenCount id="10B355C0FF99FF8BFF337C1D3D7BFBA5" box="[229,305,1074,1100]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" type="generic">pinned</specimenCount>
specimens
<location id="036AC892FF99FF8BFE637C1D3DA1FBA5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF99FF8BFE637C1D3DA1FBA5" box="[437,491,1074,1100]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="Eidsvold" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" stateProvince="Alberta">from</location>
Eidsvold and seven have similar labeling as on
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF99FF8BFBDA7C1D3864FBA5" box="[1036,1070,1074,1100]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">the</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="10B355C0FF99FF8BFBE37C1D382FFBA5" box="[1077,1125,1074,1100]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" type="generic">type</specimenCount>
specimens regarding locality and collector
<location id="036AC892FF99FF8BFE877C793D1FFB99" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF99FF8BFE877C793D1FFB99" box="[337,341,1110,1136]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="The" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" stateProvince="Alberta">.</location>
The remainder of
<specimenCount id="10B355C0FF99FF8BFDF17C793E2BFB99" box="[551,609,1110,1136]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" type="generic">these</specimenCount>
specimens were clearly used
<location id="036AC892FF99FF8BFC677C793F87FB99" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF99FF8BFC677C793F87FB99" box="[945,973,1110,1136]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="Tonnoir" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" stateProvince="Alberta">by</location>
Tonnoir in a detailed examination, dated 1923, probably those to which he referred to as
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFD697C553E81FB7D" box="[703,715,1146,1172]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">“</emphasis>
paratypotypes”; with little doubt for his seminal 1925 study
<location id="036AC892FF99FF8BFA567C553DDDFB51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF99FF8BFA567C553DDDFB51" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="Australasian simuliids. In" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" stateProvince="Alberta">on Australasian simuliids.</location>
In the smaller ANIC collection
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF99FF8BFD217CB13F67FB51" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" box="[759,813,1182,1208]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFD217CB13F67FB51" box="[759,813,1182,1208]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">of A.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pestilens, there are
<specimenCount id="10B355C0FF99FF8BFBD17CB13869FB51" box="[1031,1059,1182,1208]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" type="generic">no</specimenCount>
specimens
<location id="036AC892FF99FF8BFB757CB13893FB51" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF99FF8BFB757CB13893FB51" box="[1187,1241,1182,1208]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="Eidsvold" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" stateProvince="Alberta">from</location>
Eidsvold, raising the question as to whether the above
<specimenCount id="10B355C0FF99FF8BFDFB7CED3E27FB35" box="[557,621,1218,1244]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" type="generic">seven</specimenCount>
specimens are the original ‘type’ series
<location id="036AC892FF99FF8BFBF17CED3874FB35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF99FF8BFBF17CED3874FB35" box="[1063,1086,1218,1244]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="Taylor" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" stateProvince="Alberta">of</location>
Taylor and are
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF99FF8BFB3E7CED3960FB35" box="[1256,1322,1218,1244]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFB3E7CED3960FB35" box="[1256,1322,1218,1244]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">not A.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bancrofti, but
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF99FF8BFF147CC93CB0FAE9" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" box="[194,250,1254,1280]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFF147CC93CB0FAE9" box="[194,250,1254,1280]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">of A.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pestilens, never having been transferred or relabeled
<location id="036AC892FF99FF8BFC997CC93F13FAE9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF99FF8BFC997CC93F13FAE9" box="[847,857,1254,1280]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="These" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" stateProvince="Alberta">?</location>
<specimenCount id="10B355C0FF99FF8BFCB67CC93FE9FAE9" box="[864,931,1254,1280]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" type="generic">These</specimenCount>
specimens were not examined for this work, apart from recording label data
<location id="036AC892FF99FF8BFE207D253DB0FACD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF99FF8BFE207D253DB0FACD" box="[502,506,1290,1316]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="As" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" stateProvince="Alberta">.</location>
As well as the large holding
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF99FF8BFDD57D013E73FAA1" box="[515,569,1326,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFDD57D013E73FAA1" box="[515,569,1326,1352]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">of A.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bancrofti in ANIC, a substantial alcohol collection, of mainly immatures, was provided to the author
<location id="036AC892FF99FF8BFE4A7D7D3E85FA85" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF99FF8BFE4A7D7D3E85FA85" box="[412,719,1362,1388]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="Hiede and Peter Zwick. As" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" stateProvince="Alberta">by Hiede and Peter Zwick.</location>
As already noted this material is now housed in ANIC and
<location id="036AC892FF99FF8BFAAC7D7D3D40FA79" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF99FF8BFAAC7D7D3D40FA79" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="Strickland Museum" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" stateProvince="Alberta">the Strickland</location>
Museum
<location id="036AC892FF99FF8BFEA07D593D30FA79" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF99FF8BFEA07D593D30FA79" box="[374,378,1398,1424]" municipality="Dr. T. L. Bancroft" name="University" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" stateProvince="Alberta">,</location>
University
<collectingRegion id="C47150ABFF99FF8BFE297D593E5CFA79" box="[511,534,1398,1424]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">of</collectingRegion>
Alberta (UASM)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="52CACEC1FF98FF8AFF417FBF3E03F819" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557527" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3557527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557527/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" startId="6.[151,264,1936,1961]" targetBox="[204,1383,166,1916]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF98FF8AFF417FBF3E03F819" blockId="6.[151,1436,1936,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF98FF8AFF417FBF3D0BF840" bold="true" box="[151,321,1936,1961]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">FIGURES 6–10</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF98FF8AFE9B7FBE3E05F840" box="[333,591,1937,1961]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF98FF8AFE9B7FBE3E05F840" box="[333,591,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female. (6) Cibarium (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (7) Basitarsus (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (8) Wing (WA). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (9) Claw. (ANIC). Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (10) Abdomen showing tergites I–VII (WA). Slide mounted. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="52CACEC1FF99FF8BFF417B183F19FC9A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557529" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3557529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557529/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" startId="7.[151,264,823,848]" targetBox="[151,1436,174,804]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF99FF8BFF417B183F19FC9A" blockId="7.[151,1437,823,884]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFF417B183D04FCB9" bold="true" box="[151,334,823,848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">FIGURES 11–13</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF99FF8BFE8A7B173E15FCB9" box="[348,607,824,848]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFE8A7B173E15FCB9" box="[348,607,824,848]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFD6C7B183E88FCB9" bold="true" box="[698,706,823,848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">(</emphasis>
11
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFD0D7B183EA9FCB9" bold="true" box="[731,739,823,848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">)</emphasis>
Genital fork (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (12) Genital fork (ACT). Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFEA07B743D34FC9D" bold="true" box="[374,382,859,884]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">(</emphasis>
13
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFE4E7B743DEAFC9D" bold="true" box="[408,416,859,884]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">)</emphasis>
Spermatheca (VIC). Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="4EAFCDC2FF99FF8BFF117DB53CBFF9C8" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF99FF8BFF117DB53CBFF9C8" blockId="7.[151,1437,930,2036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFF117DB53D02FA5D" bold="true" box="[199,328,1434,1460]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">Etymology</emphasis>
. Named after Dr. Thomas Lane Bancroft (
<date id="720BB889FF99FF8BFCE67DB53FF9FA5C" box="[816,947,1434,1461]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" value="1869" valueMax="1933">1869–1933</date>
), who collected the original material. T. L. Bancroft was the son of Joseph Bancroft, co-discoverer of the cause of filariasis. Thomas was himself of note (
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF99FF8BFF497DCD3D86FA15" author="Mackerras, I. M. &amp; Marks, E. N." box="[159,460,1506,1532]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" pagination="1 - 34" refId="ref14552" refString="Mackerras, I. M. &amp; Marks, E. N. (1973) The Bancrofts: a century of scientific endeavour. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland, 84, 1 - 34. Available from: https: // trove. nla. gov. au / work / 5243755 (accessed 4 October 2019)" type="journal article" year="1973">Mackerras &amp; Marks, 1973</bibRefCitation>
) for his work on dengue, filariasis and the
<collectingRegion id="C47150ABFF99FF8BFC607DCD3870FA15" box="[950,1082,1506,1532]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">Queensland</collectingRegion>
lungfish
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF99FF8BFB707DCD3CBBF9C8" authority="(Krefft)" authorityName="Krefft" baseAuthorityName="Krefft" baseAuthorityYear="1870" class="Sarcopterygii" family="Neoceratodontidae" genus="Neoceratodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ceratodontiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="forsteri">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFB707DCD39D6FA15" box="[1190,1436,1506,1532]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">Neoceratodus forsteri</emphasis>
(Krefft)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EAFCDC2FF99FF81FF117E063E5BFDD6" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="548" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF99FF8BFF117E063FE1F81D" blockId="7.[151,1437,930,2036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFF117E063D13F9AD" bold="true" box="[199,345,1577,1604]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF99FF8BFEBC7E053DF5F9AD" box="[362,447,1578,1604]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="17.[151,250,2006,2031]" captionTargetBox="[175,1419,913,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,913,1986]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 42. Map of Australia showing distribution of Austrosimulium bancrofti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557548/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF99FF8BFE057E053EF2F9AD" author="Tonnoir, A. L." box="[467,696,1577,1604]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" pagination="213 - 255" refId="ref15461" refString="Tonnoir, A. L. (1925) Australasian Simuliidae. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 15, 213 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300046198" type="journal article" year="1925">Tonnoir (1925: 219)</bibRefCitation>
noted that although
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF99FF8BFC747E053862F9AD" box="[930,1064,1578,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFC747E053862F9AD" box="[930,1064,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was originally known only from
<collectingRegion id="C47150ABFF99FF8BFF417E613D51F981" box="[151,283,1614,1640]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">Queensland</collectingRegion>
at Eidsvold, (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF99FF8BFE6D7E623E0BF981" box="[443,577,1613,1640]" degrees="25.36700" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" precision="1" value="-25.367">S25.36700°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF99FF8BFD9F7E623E9AF981" box="[585,720,1613,1640]" degrees="151.1300" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" precision="5" value="151.13">E151.1300°</geoCoordinate>
) where T. L. Bancroft was located (
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF99FF8BFBBC7E6138B5F981" author="Marks, E. N." box="[1130,1279,1614,1640]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" refId="ref14715" refString="Marks, E. N. (1979) Bancroft, Thomas Lane (1860 - 1933) Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, 7. Available from: http: // adb. anu. edu. au / biography / bancroft-thomas-lane- 5120 / text 8559 (accessed 4 October 2019)" type="journal volume" year="1979">Marks, 1979</bibRefCitation>
), Tonnoir had seen NSW material from Dawson River (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF99FF8BFD897E5D3E9CF965" box="[607,726,1650,1676]" degrees="24.9700" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" precision="5" value="-24.97">S24.9700°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF99FF8BFD0A7E5E3F29F965" box="[732,867,1649,1676]" degrees="150.0500" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" precision="5" value="150.05">E150.0500°</geoCoordinate>
) and Bumberry (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF99FF8BFBC87E5D38DCF965" box="[1054,1174,1650,1676]" degrees="33.1600" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" precision="5" value="-33.16">S33.1600°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF99FF8BFB4A7E5E396FF965" box="[1180,1317,1649,1676]" degrees="148.5100" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" precision="5" value="148.51">E148.5100°</geoCoordinate>
), collected by Dr. E. W. Ferguson,
<date id="720BB889FF99FF8BFE677EB93E56F959" box="[433,540,1686,1712]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" value="1916-10-01">1-x-1916</date>
. Localities consolidated below are derived from literature citations, the large ANIC collection, from the Zwick material and the Atlas of Living
<collectingCountry id="7EA2DED9FF99FF8BFC5F7E953FBAF93D" box="[905,1008,1722,1748]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">Australia</collectingCountry>
(ala.org.au); the list should, however, not be considered definitive. Dates are given in detail when known. For each State, localities are listed from north to south. Colbo (1974) showed a distribution map (his Fig. VIII) for
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF99FF8BFC417F2D3856F8F5" box="[919,1052,1794,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFC417F2D3856F8F5" box="[919,1052,1794,1820]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as did
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF99FF8BFBA57F2D3976F8F5" author="Dumbleton &amp; L. I" box="[1139,1340,1794,1820]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" pagination="480 - 584" refId="ref13776" refString="Dumbleton. L. I. (1973) The genus Austrosimulium Tonnoir (Diptera: Simuliidae) with particular reference to the New Zealand fauna. New Zealand Journal of Science, 15, 480 - 584 (1972). Available from: http: // www. bugz. org. nz / (accessed 4 October 2019)" type="journal article" year="1973">Dumbleton (1973</bibRefCitation>
; his
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF99FF8BFAA67F2D3CFEF8A9" captionStart="FIGURES 6–10" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1936,1961]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,166,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[204,1383,166,1916]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6–10. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (6) Cibarium (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (7) Basitarsus (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (8) Wing (WA). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (9) Claw. (ANIC). Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (10) Abdomen showing tergites I–VII (WA). Slide mounted. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557527/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
) and these are updated here (
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF99FF8BFE2E7F093E06F8A9" box="[504,588,1830,1856]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="17.[151,250,2006,2031]" captionTargetBox="[175,1419,913,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,913,1986]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 42. Map of Australia showing distribution of Austrosimulium bancrofti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557548/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
). Colbo (
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFD657F093F4CF8A9" box="[691,774,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">loc. cit.</emphasis>
) commented that
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF99FF8BFC197F093819F8A9" box="[975,1107,1830,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFC197F093819F8A9" box="[975,1107,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, unlike
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF99FF8BFB7A7F093967F8A9" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" box="[1196,1325,1830,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFB7A7F093967F8A9" box="[1196,1325,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">A. pestilens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, occurred in dryer western
<collectingRegion id="C47150ABFF99FF8BFE8B7F653DABF88D" box="[349,481,1866,1892]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">Queensland</collectingRegion>
and he wondered how populations survived—either with a drought resistant stage such as is known for
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF99FF8BFE537F413E4CF861" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" box="[389,518,1902,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFE537F413E4CF861" box="[389,518,1902,1928]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">A. pestilens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, or by reintroduction when conditions were suitable. The latter point is of general interest to biogeographers of Australian arid regions (Razeng,
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFC9D7FBC3FC8F845" box="[843,898,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017; Majer
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFBC87FBC380DF845" box="[1054,1095,1939,1964]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">et a</emphasis>
l., 2018). Indeed,
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF99FF8BFADD7FBD3D78F839" authority="Skuse" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatipes">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFADD7FBD3CA2F839" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">Simulium ornatipes</emphasis>
Skuse
</taxonomicName>
is known from southwest of Alice Springs at the George Gill Range, Northern Territories (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF99FF8BFAF37F9A39D7F839" box="[1317,1437,1973,2000]" degrees="24.2556" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" precision="5" value="-24.2556">S24.2556°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF99FF8BFF417FF63D6BF81D" box="[151,289,2009,2036]" degrees="131.5702" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" precision="5" value="131.5702">E131.5702°</geoCoordinate>
), one of the driest regions in
<collectingCountry id="7EA2DED9FF99FF8BFDB37FF53E86F81D" box="[613,716,2010,2036]" name="Australia" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF99FF8BFD0C7FF53FD4F81D" author="Davis, J. A. &amp; Harrington, H. &amp; Friend, J. A." box="[730,926,2010,2036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" pagination="483 - 505" refId="ref13586" refString="Davis, J. A., Harrington, H. &amp; Friend, J. A. (1993) Invertebrate communities of relict streams in the arid zone: the George Gill Range, Central Australia. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 44, 483 - 505. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / MF 9930483" type="journal article" year="1993">
Davis
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF99FF8BFCF27FF43F1FF81D" box="[804,853,2010,2036]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">et al</emphasis>
.,1993
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="52CACEC1FF96FF84FF417D0B3D47FA6D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557531" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3557531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557531/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" startId="8.[151,264,1316,1341]" targetBox="[151,1434,174,1285]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF96FF84FF417D0B3D47FA6D" blockId="8.[151,1437,1316,1413]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF96FF84FF417D0B3D1AFAD4" bold="true" box="[151,336,1316,1341]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">FIGURES 14–17</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF96FF84FE897D0A3E2EFAD4" box="[351,612,1317,1341]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF96FF84FE897D0A3E2EFAD4" box="[351,612,1317,1341]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF96FF84FD177D0B3E83FAD4" bold="true" box="[705,713,1316,1341]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">(</emphasis>
14
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF96FF84FD347D0B3EA0FAD4" bold="true" box="[738,746,1316,1341]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">)</emphasis>
Hypogynial valves (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF96FF84FB277D0B38B3FAD4" bold="true" box="[1265,1273,1316,1341]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">(</emphasis>
15
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF96FF84FAC57D0B3951FAD4" bold="true" box="[1299,1307,1316,1341]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">)</emphasis>
Hypogynial valves (VIC). Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF96FF84FDD27D673E46FA88" bold="true" box="[516,524,1352,1377]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">(</emphasis>
16
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF96FF84FDF07D673E64FA88" bold="true" box="[550,558,1352,1377]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">)</emphasis>
Cerci &amp; anal lobe (VIC). Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF96FF84FBC47D673850FA88" bold="true" box="[1042,1050,1352,1377]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">(</emphasis>
17
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF96FF84FBE27D673876FA88" bold="true" box="[1076,1084,1352,1377]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">)</emphasis>
Cerci &amp; anal lobe (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF96FF85FF117D9C380AFE8E" blockId="8.[151,1437,1459,2026]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,359]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="544" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF96FF84FF117D9C3D1FFA27" bold="true" box="[199,341,1459,1486]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">
<collectingRegion id="C47150ABFF96FF84FF117D9C3D1FFA27" box="[199,341,1459,1486]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Queensland</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
.Annan Riv., Cooktown (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FDB07D9C3E97FA27" box="[614,733,1459,1486]" degrees="15.5400" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-15.54">S15.5400°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FD377D9C3F21FA27" box="[737,875,1459,1486]" degrees="145.1900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="145.19">E145.1900°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF96FF84FCAD7D9C3FB1FA24" box="[891,1019,1459,1485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" value="1971-06-20">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF96FF84FCAD7D9C3FB1FA24" box="[891,1019,1459,1485]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" value="1971-06-20">20-vi-1971</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<location id="036AC892FF96FF84FBD47D9B382EFA24" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF96FF84FBD47D9B382EFA24" box="[1026,1124,1459,1486]" latitude="-19.0" longLatPrecision="55" longitude="146.259" name="Mt. Spec" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" stateProvince="Queensland">Mt. Spec</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FBA67D9C3893FA24" box="[1136,1241,1459,1485]" degrees="19.000" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="55" value="-19.0">S19.000°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FB0B7D9C392DFA27" box="[1245,1383,1459,1486]" degrees="146.2590" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="146.259">E146.2590°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF96FF84FAA17D9C3CB8FA18" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" value="1966-04-22">22- iv-1966</date>
. Don Riv. (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FEBD7DF83D9EFA18" box="[363,468,1495,1521]" degrees="20.000" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="55" value="-20.0">S20.000°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FE0F7DF83E29FA18" box="[473,611,1495,1521]" degrees="148.1900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="148.19">E148.1900°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF96FF84FDA27DF83EBEFA18" box="[628,756,1495,1521]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" value="1947-04-16">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF96FF84FDA27DF83EBEFA18" box="[628,756,1495,1521]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" value="1947-04-16">16-iv-1947</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF96FF84FD2B7DF83F33FA18" box="[765,889,1495,1521]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Cattle Crk.</collectorName>
,
<location id="036AC892FF96FF84FC547DF83878FA18" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF96FF84FC547DF83878FA18" box="[898,1074,1495,1521]" latitude="-21.14" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="148.21" name="Eungella Valley" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" stateProvince="Queensland">Eungella Valley</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FBE97DF838FCFA18" box="[1087,1206,1495,1521]" degrees="21.1400" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-21.14">S21.1400°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FB6D7DF8390FFA18" box="[1211,1349,1495,1521]" degrees="148.2100" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="148.21">E148.2100°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF96FF84FA807DF83C98F9FC" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" value="1977-03-16">16-iii- 1977</date>
. Lotus Crk. (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FEB67DD43D9DF9FF" box="[352,471,1531,1558]" degrees="22.3528" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-22.3528">S22.3528°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FE0A7DD43E2DF9FF" box="[476,615,1531,1558]" degrees="149.0961" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="149.0961">E149.0961°</geoCoordinate>
). Mackenzie Riv. (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FCE57DD43FE1F9FC" box="[819,939,1531,1557]" degrees="23.1600" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-23.16">S23.1600°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FC667DD43870F9FC" box="[944,1082,1531,1557]" degrees="149.4900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="149.49">E149.4900°</geoCoordinate>
), Apr., June. Fitzroy Riv., Rockhampton (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FEDE7E303D35F9D0" box="[264,383,1567,1593]" degrees="23.3400" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-23.34">S23.3400°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FE507E303E5AF9D3" box="[390,528,1567,1594]" degrees="150.4900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="150.49">E150.4900°</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectingMunicipality id="E66E0433FF96FF84FDF47E0F3E1BF9D3" box="[546,593,1568,1594]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Jan.</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="036AC892FF96FF84FD8A7E303EDAF9D0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF96FF84FD8A7E303EDAF9D0" box="[604,656,1567,1593]" latitude="-23.64" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="150.38" municipality="Jan." name="Feb." pageId="8" pageNumber="543" stateProvince="Queensland">Feb.</location>
,
<date id="720BB889FF96FF84FD4D7E303F47F9D3" box="[667,781,1567,1594]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" value="1951-01-19">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF96FF84FD4D7E303F47F9D3" box="[667,781,1567,1594]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" value="1951-01-19">19-i-1951</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF96FF84FCC17E0F3F0DF9D3" box="[791,839,1568,1594]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Don</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF96FF84FCBD7E303FB9F9D0" box="[875,1011,1567,1593]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Callide Riv.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF96FF84FC287E30383CF9D0" box="[1022,1142,1567,1593]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Calliungal</collectorName>
, (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FB5E7E30394AF9D0" box="[1160,1280,1567,1593]" degrees="23.6400" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-23.64">S23.6400°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FAD17E3039DAF9D3" box="[1287,1424,1567,1594]" degrees="150.3800" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="150.38">E150.3800°</geoCoordinate>
), Apr., May. Rannes (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FEA87E6C3DBCF9B7" box="[382,502,1603,1630]" degrees="23.9500" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-23.95">S23.9500°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FE297E6C3EC3F9B7" box="[511,649,1603,1630]" degrees="150.1900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="150.19">E150.1900°</geoCoordinate>
), April. Burnett Riv. (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FC527E6C3FB6F9B7" box="[900,1020,1603,1630]" degrees="24.5600" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-24.56">S24.5600°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FBD37E6C38C5F9B7" box="[1029,1167,1603,1630]" degrees="151.8900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="151.89">E151.8900°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF96FF84FB727E6C3944F9B7" box="[1188,1294,1603,1630]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" value="1947-05-05">5-v-1947</date>
. The Brook, Jacky Small’s Crk.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF96FF84FEAF7E483DC8F96B" bold="true" box="[377,386,1639,1666]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">(</emphasis>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FE547E483DB2F968" box="[386,504,1639,1666]" degrees="24.8500" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-24.85">
S24.8500
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF96FF84FE3B7E483DB2F968" bold="true" box="[493,504,1639,1665]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">°</emphasis>
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FDD77E483EC1F96B" box="[513,651,1639,1666]" degrees="150.7100" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="150.71">E150.7100°</geoCoordinate>
), April, May. Theodore (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FC7F7E48386BF968" box="[937,1057,1639,1665]" degrees="24.9400" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-24.94">S24.9400°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FBFC7E4838FEF96B" box="[1066,1204,1639,1666]" degrees="150.0600" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="150.06">E150.0600°</geoCoordinate>
),?-
<date id="720BB889FF96FF84FB0A7E483979F968" box="[1244,1331,1639,1665]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" value="1939-02">ii-1939</date>
. Dawson Riv., near Theodore (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FE5E7EA43E4AF94F" box="[392,512,1675,1702]" degrees="24.9500" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-24.95">S24.9500°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FDDE7EA43ED8F94F" box="[520,658,1675,1702]" degrees="150.0700" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="150.07">E150.0700°</geoCoordinate>
), Apr. Gin Gin Crk. (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FC537EA43FB6F94C" box="[901,1020,1675,1701]" degrees="24.9723" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-24.9723">S24.9723°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FBD37EA438C5F94F" box="[1029,1167,1675,1702]" degrees="151.9454" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="151.9454">E151.9454°</geoCoordinate>
). Ceratodus (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FAF37EA439D6F94F" box="[1317,1436,1675,1702]" degrees="25.3008" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-25.3008">S25.3008°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FF417E803D6BF923" box="[151,289,1711,1738]" degrees="151.0891" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="151.0891">E151.0891°</geoCoordinate>
). Burnett Riv., Eidsvold (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FD9D7E803E88F923" box="[587,706,1711,1738]" degrees="25.3781" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-25.3781">S25.3781°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FD1A7E803F1CF923" box="[716,854,1711,1738]" degrees="151.0836" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="151.0836">E151.0836°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF96FF84FCBA7E803F9CF920" box="[876,982,1711,1737]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" value="1947-05-01">1-v-1947</date>
. Lochaber Crk., Burnett Riv., Eidsvold (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FF497EFC3D5DF907" box="[159,279,1747,1774]" degrees="25.3800" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-25.38">S25.3800°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FECA7EFC3DEDF907" box="[284,423,1747,1774]" degrees="151.1700" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="151.17">E151.1700°</geoCoordinate>
).
<location id="036AC892FF96FF84FE617EFC3E3BF904" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF96FF84FE617EFC3E3BF904" box="[439,625,1747,1774]" latitude="-25.94" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="152.97" name="Tin Can Bay Rd." pageId="8" pageNumber="543" stateProvince="Queensland">Tin Can Bay Rd.</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FDA87EFC3EBFF907" box="[638,757,1747,1774]" degrees="25.9400" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-25.94">S25.9400°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FD2D7EFC3FCFF907" box="[763,901,1747,1774]" degrees="152.9700" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="152.97">E152.9700°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF96FF84FC407EFC385CF904" box="[918,1046,1747,1773]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" value="1949-04-18">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF96FF84FC407EFC385CF904" box="[918,1046,1747,1773]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" value="1949-04-18">18-iv-1949</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF96FF84FBC97EFB3834F907" box="[1055,1150,1748,1774]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Boonara</collectorName>
&amp;
<location id="036AC892FF96FF84FB767EFB39D2F904" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF96FF84FB767EFB39D2F904" box="[1184,1432,1747,1774]" latitude="-25.94" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="151.89" name="Upper Barambah Crk." pageId="8" pageNumber="543" stateProvince="Queensland">Upper Barambah Crk.</location>
,
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF96FF84FF417ED83CB1F8F8" box="[151,251,1783,1809]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Goomeri</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FEDE7ED83DCAF8FB" box="[264,384,1783,1810]" degrees="25.9400" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-25.94">S25.9400°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FE507ED83E5AF8FB" box="[390,528,1783,1810]" degrees="151.8900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="151.89">E151.8900°</geoCoordinate>
), Apr., May.
<location id="036AC892FF96FF84FD4A7ED73FD2F8F8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF96FF84FD4A7ED73FD2F8F8" box="[668,920,1783,1810]" latitude="-25.62" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="151.63" name="Lower Barambah Crk." pageId="8" pageNumber="543" stateProvince="Queensland">Lower Barambah Crk.</location>
, Gayndah (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FBC37ED838C7F8FB" box="[1045,1165,1783,1810]" degrees="25.6200" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-25.62">S25.6200°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FB457ED83956F8FB" box="[1171,1308,1783,1810]" degrees="151.6300" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="151.63">E151.6300°</geoCoordinate>
),
<location id="036AC892FF96FF84FAFB7ED739D2F8FB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF96FF84FAFB7ED739D2F8FB" box="[1325,1432,1784,1810]" latitude="-26.24" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="152.57" name="Apr. May" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" stateProvince="Queensland">Apr. May</location>
,
<date id="720BB889FF96FF84FF417F343D4BF8DF" box="[151,257,1819,1846]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" value="1947-05-05">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF96FF84FF417F343D4BF8DF" box="[151,257,1819,1846]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" value="1947-05-05">5-v-1947</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF96FF84FEDB7F343D3DF8DC" box="[269,375,1819,1845]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Nambour</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FE5E7F343DB5F8DC" box="[392,511,1819,1845]" degrees="26.2400" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-26.24">S26.2400°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FDD17F343EDBF8DF" box="[519,657,1819,1846]" degrees="152.5700" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="152.57">E152.5700°</geoCoordinate>
), Feb., Apr. Golden Beach, Noosa (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FBF17F3438D9F8DC" box="[1063,1171,1819,1845]" degrees="26.3100" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-26.31">S26.3100</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FB4A7F343950F8DF" box="[1180,1306,1819,1846]" degrees="152.7400" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="152.74">E152.7400</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF96FF84FAF97F3439D3F8DC" box="[1327,1433,1819,1845]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" value="1949-05-02">2-v-1949</date>
. Six Mile Crk, Cooroy (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FE4D7F103E59F8B0" box="[411,531,1855,1881]" degrees="26.4000" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-26.4">S26.4000°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FDCC7F103EE9F8B3" box="[538,675,1855,1882]" degrees="152.7500" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="152.75">E152.7500°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF96FF84FD617F103F6BF8B0" box="[695,801,1855,1881]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" value="1949-05-02">2-v-1949</date>
. Muckadilla Crk., Roma (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FB957F1038F1F8B3" box="[1091,1211,1855,1882]" degrees="26.5700" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-26.57">S26.5700°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FB147F103906F8B0" box="[1218,1356,1855,1881]" degrees="148.7900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="148.79">E148.7900°</geoCoordinate>
), Mar.- Aug. Gympie (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FEEB7F4C3DFEF894" box="[317,436,1891,1917]" degrees="26.6300" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-26.63">S26.6300°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FE6C7F4C3E0EF897" box="[442,580,1891,1918]" degrees="152.9200" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="152.92">E152.9200°</geoCoordinate>
), Feb., Apr. Miles (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FCCE7F4C3FDAF897" box="[792,912,1891,1918]" degrees="26.6500" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-26.65">S26.6500°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FC437F4C386AF897" box="[917,1056,1891,1918]" degrees="150.1800" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="150.18">E150.1800°</geoCoordinate>
). Brisbane,
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF96FF84FB747F4C38A1F894" box="[1186,1259,1891,1918]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="km" value="15.0">15 km</quantity>
,
<location id="036AC892FF96FF84FB237F4B3CE1F848" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF96FF84FB237F4B3CE1F848" latitude="-26.67" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="150.39" name="W of Chinchilla" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" stateProvince="Queensland">W of Chinchilla</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FF6D7FA83D78F848" box="[187,306,1927,1953]" degrees="26.6700" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-26.67">S26.6700°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FEEF7FA83D89F84B" box="[313,451,1927,1954]" degrees="150.3900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="150.39">E150.3900°</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF96FF84FE007FA83EA8F848" box="[470,738,1927,1953]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">
<date id="720BB889FF96FF84FE007FA83E0DF848" box="[470,583,1927,1953]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" value="1997-01-12">12-i-1997</date>
,
<date id="720BB889FF96FF84FD857FA83EA8F848" box="[595,738,1927,1953]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" value="1947-08-16">16-viii-1947</date>
</collectingDate>
.
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF96FF84FD3B7FA83FCBF848" box="[749,897,1927,1953]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Charley Crk.</collectorName>
,
<location id="036AC892FF96FF84FC5B7FA83848F848" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF96FF84FC5B7FA83848F848" box="[909,1026,1927,1953]" latitude="-26.74" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="150.63" name="Chinchilla" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" stateProvince="Queensland">Chinchilla</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FBC67FA838C2F848" box="[1040,1160,1927,1953]" degrees="26.7400" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-26.74">S26.7400°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FB597FA83953F84B" box="[1167,1305,1927,1954]" degrees="150.6300" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="150.63">E150.6300°</geoCoordinate>
), Apr. Back Crk., Dalby (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FEFE7F843DD5F82C" box="[296,415,1963,1989]" degrees="27.2690" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-27.269">S27.2690°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FE737F843E65F82F" box="[421,559,1963,1990]" degrees="151.2370" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="151.237">E151.2370°</geoCoordinate>
), Apr. Brisbane Riv., Wivenhoe (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FC4C7F843858F82C" box="[922,1042,1963,1989]" degrees="27.4300" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-27.43">S27.4300°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FBCE7F8438EBF82F" box="[1048,1185,1963,1990]" degrees="152.6300" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="152.63">E152.6300°</geoCoordinate>
), Apr., May. Dunwich,
<location id="036AC892FF96FF84FF417FE03D16F800" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF96FF84FF417FE03D16F800" box="[151,348,1999,2025]" latitude="-27.51" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="153.4" name="Stradbroke Island" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" stateProvince="Queensland">Stradbroke Island</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FEBF7FE03DABF803" box="[361,481,1999,2026]" degrees="27.5100" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-27.51">S27.5100°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FE307FE03E3AF803" box="[486,624,1999,2026]" degrees="153.4000" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="153.4">E153.4000°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF96FF84FD547FE03F5AF803" box="[642,784,1999,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" value="1951-08-11">11-viii-1951</date>
. Blunder Crk., Oxley (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FBDE7FE038CAF803" box="[1032,1152,1999,2026]" degrees="27.5932" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="-27.5932">S27.5932°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF96FF84FB537FE03945F803" box="[1157,1295,1999,2026]" degrees="152.9970" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" precision="5" value="152.997">E152.9970°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF96FF84FAF77FE039D2F803" box="[1313,1432,1999,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" value="1950-05-14">14-v-1950</date>
. Albert Riv., (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FEFA78B63DEEFF5A" box="[300,420,153,179]" degrees="27.7700" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-27.77">S27.7700°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FE7A78B73E7CFF5A" box="[428,566,152,179]" degrees="153.1900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="153.19">E153.1900°</geoCoordinate>
), June. Nerang (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FD2678B63F22FF5A" box="[752,872,153,179]" degrees="27.9900" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-27.99">S27.9900°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FCA678B73FB0FF5A" box="[880,1018,152,179]" degrees="153.3000" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="153.3">E153.3000°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FBD878B638C5FF5A" box="[1038,1167,153,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1947-03-23">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF97FF85FBD878B638C5FF5A" box="[1038,1167,153,179]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1947-03-23">23-iii-1947</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FB4A78B6395FFF5A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FB4A78B6395FFF5A" box="[1180,1301,153,179]" latitude="-28.04" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="148.56" name="St. George" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" stateProvince="Queensland">St. George</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FAF378B639D6FF5A" box="[1317,1436,153,179]" degrees="28.0400" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-28.04">S28.0400°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FF4178933D68FF3E" box="[151,290,188,215]" degrees="148.5600" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="148.56">E148.5600°</geoCoordinate>
). Mudgeeraba Crk. (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FDD078923E37FF3E" box="[518,637,189,215]" degrees="28.0800" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-28.08">S28.0800°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FD5278933F47FF3E" box="[644,781,188,215]" degrees="153.3700" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="153.37">E153.3700°</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectingMunicipality id="E66E0433FF97FF85FCF678923F1DFF3E" box="[800,855,189,215]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Mar.</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FCB478923FDCFF3E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FCB478923FDCFF3E" box="[866,918,189,215]" latitude="-28.1873" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="151.6243" municipality="Mar." name="May" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" stateProvince="Queensland">May</location>
,
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FC7778923868FF3E" box="[929,1058,189,215]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1947-03-23">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF97FF85FC7778923868FF3E" box="[929,1058,189,215]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1947-03-23">23-iii-1947</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF97FF85FBFA78923830FF3E" box="[1068,1146,189,215]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Duraki</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FB5F7892394AFF3E" box="[1161,1280,189,215]" degrees="28.1873" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-28.1873">S28.1873°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FAD1789339DBFF3E" box="[1287,1425,188,215]" degrees="151.6243" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="151.6243">E151.6243°</geoCoordinate>
).
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FF4178CE3D47FF12" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FF4178CE3D47FF12" box="[151,269,225,251]" latitude="-28.2218" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="153.2406" name="Cave Crk." pageId="9" pageNumber="544" stateProvince="Queensland">Cave Crk.</location>
, nr Numinbah (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FE1678CE3E7DFF12" box="[448,567,225,251]" degrees="28.2218" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-28.2218">S28.2218°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FDE978CF3E83FF12" box="[575,713,224,251]" degrees="153.2406" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="153.2406">E153.2406°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FD0878CE3F15FF12" box="[734,863,225,251]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1992-03-16">16-iii-1992</date>
. Wilson’s Peak (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FBCA78CE38DEFF12" box="[1052,1172,225,251]" degrees="28.2499" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-28.2499">S28.2499°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FB4A78CF396CFF12" box="[1180,1318,224,251]" degrees="152.4833" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="152.4833">E152.4833°</geoCoordinate>
). Bransby, Nockatunga (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FEFB792A3DEFFEF6" box="[301,421,261,287]" degrees="28.3700" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-28.37">S28.3700°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FE7D792A3E7FFEF6" box="[427,565,261,287]" degrees="142.0200" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="142.02">E142.0200°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FD91792A3EF3FEF6" box="[583,697,261,287]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1949-11-09">9-xi-1949</date>
. McIntyre Riv., Goondiwindi (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FBC6792B38C2FEF6" box="[1040,1160,260,287]" degrees="28.5400" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-28.54">S28.5400°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FB58792B3952FEF6" box="[1166,1304,260,287]" degrees="150.2900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="150.29">E150.2900°</geoCoordinate>
),
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FAFF792A3D29FEAA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FAFF792A3D29FEAA" latitude="-28.5553" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="150.313" name="Aug. Weir on McIntyre Riv." pageId="9" pageNumber="544" stateProvince="Queensland">Aug. Weir on McIntyre Riv.</location>
, Goondiwindi (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FDCF79073EDAFEAA" box="[537,656,296,323]" degrees="28.5553" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-28.5553">S28.5553°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FD4179073F6BFEAA" box="[663,801,296,323]" degrees="150.3130" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="150.313">E150.3130°</geoCoordinate>
),?-?-1947. Texas (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FBD779073833FEAA" box="[1025,1145,296,323]" degrees="29.0582" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-29.0582">S29.0582°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FB5279073944FEAA" box="[1156,1294,296,323]" degrees="150.8438" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="150.8438">E150.8438°</geoCoordinate>
). Gravesend (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FF4979633D5DFE8E" box="[159,279,332,359]" degrees="29.6500" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-29.65">S29.6500°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FECB79633DEDFE8E" box="[285,423,332,359]" degrees="150.2000" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="150.2">E150.2000°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FE6C79633E70FE8E" box="[442,570,332,359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1952-09-28">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF97FF85FE6C79633E70FE8E" box="[442,570,332,359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1952-09-28">28-ix-1952</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FD9279623F57FE8E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FD9279623F57FE8E" box="[580,797,333,359]" latitude="-30.07" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="152.6333" name="Upper Taylors Arm" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" stateProvince="Queensland">Upper Taylors Arm</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FCFA79623FEEFE8E" box="[812,932,333,359]" degrees="30.0700" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-30.07">S30.0700°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FC7C7963387FFE8E" box="[938,1077,332,359]" degrees="152.6333" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="152.6333">E152.6333°</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="52CACEC1FF97FF85FF417C263CA6FBAF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557533" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3557533" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557533/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" startId="9.[151,264,1033,1058]" targetBox="[151,1436,373,1014]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF97FF85FF417C263CA6FBAF" blockId="9.[151,1436,1033,1094]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF97FF85FF417C263D1AFBCB" bold="true" box="[151,336,1033,1058]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">FIGURES 18, 19</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF97FF85FE887C253E2BFBCB" box="[350,609,1034,1058]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF97FF85FE887C253E2BFBCB" box="[350,609,1034,1058]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male. (18) Habitus (NSW). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (19) Head (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF97FF85FF117C5A3828F98B" blockId="9.[151,1437,1140,2031]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF97FF85FF117C5A3DEAFB66" bold="true" box="[199,416,1140,1167]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">
<collectingRegion id="C47150ABFF97FF85FF117C5A3DD1FB66" box="[199,411,1140,1167]" country="Australia" name="New South Wales" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">New South Wales</collectingRegion>
.
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF97FF85FE717C5A3DBAFB66" box="[423,496,1141,1167]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Moree</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FDD67C5A3E32FB66" box="[512,632,1141,1167]" degrees="29.3000" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-29.3">S29.3000°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FDA97C5A3F43FB66" box="[639,777,1141,1167]" degrees="149.4900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="149.49">E149.4900°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FCCA7C5B3FDFFB66" box="[796,917,1140,1167]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1951-05-16">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF97FF85FCCA7C5B3FDFFB66" box="[796,917,1140,1167]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1951-05-16">16-v-1951</collectingDate>
</date>
. Collarenebri (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FBED7C5A38F9FB66" box="[1083,1203,1141,1167]" degrees="29.4200" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-29.42">S29.4200°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FB6C7C5B390EFB66" box="[1210,1348,1140,1167]" degrees="148.2600" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="148.26">E148.2600°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FA8E7C5B3C98FB5A" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1950-09-21">21-ix- 1950</date>
. Yargobi Crossing (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FE7D7CB73E69FB5A" box="[427,547,1176,1203]" degrees="29.5347" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-29.5347">S29.5347°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FDFF7CB73EF9FB5A" box="[553,691,1176,1203]" degrees="150.2472" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="150.2472">E150.2472°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FD137CB73F7CFB5A" box="[709,822,1176,1203]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1951-11-05">5-xi-1951</date>
. Bingara (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FC717CB63855FB5A" box="[935,1055,1177,1203]" degrees="29.8300" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-29.83">S29.8300°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FBF27CB738E4FB5A" box="[1060,1198,1176,1203]" degrees="150.5000" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="150.5">E150.5000°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FB167CB7390AFB5A" box="[1216,1344,1176,1203]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1952-09-24">24-ix-1952</date>
.
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF97FF85FA9C7CB739D6FB5B" box="[1354,1436,1176,1202]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Bourke</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FF497C923D5CFB3E" box="[159,278,1213,1239]" degrees="30.1100" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-30.11">S30.1100°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FEC97C933DE3FB3E" box="[287,425,1212,1239]" degrees="145.9400" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="145.94">E145.9400°</geoCoordinate>
),
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FE697C923EE6FB3E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FE697C923EE6FB3E" box="[447,684,1212,1239]" latitude="-30.4" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="152.34" name="May. Gooch's Water" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" stateProvince="New South Wales">May. Gooch’s Water</location>
,
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF97FF85FD6F7C933EA5FB3F" box="[697,751,1212,1238]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Ebor</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FCD77C923F33FB3E" box="[769,889,1213,1239]" degrees="30.4000" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-30.4">S30.4000°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FC557C933846FB3E" box="[899,1036,1212,1239]" degrees="152.3400" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="152.34">E152.3400°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FBF47C9338D0FB3E" box="[1058,1178,1212,1239]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1950-10-22">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF97FF85FBF47C9338D0FB3E" box="[1058,1178,1212,1239]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1950-10-22">22-x-1950</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF97FF85FB717C933903FB3F" box="[1191,1353,1212,1238]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">McCleay Riv.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF97FF85FA807C933CAAFB13" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Willawarrin</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FF267CCE3D2DFB12" box="[240,359,1249,1275]" degrees="30.9300" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-30.93">S30.9300°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FEB97CCF3DB3FB12" box="[367,505,1248,1275]" degrees="152.6200" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="152.62">E152.6200°</geoCoordinate>
).
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FDDA7CCF3E34FB13" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FDDA7CCF3E34FB13" box="[524,638,1248,1274]" latitude="-33.16" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="148.51" name="Bumberry" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" stateProvince="New South Wales">Bumberry</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FD5B7CCF3F4FFB13" box="[653,773,1248,1274]" degrees="33.1600" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-33.16">S33.1600°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FCDA7CCF3FDCFB12" box="[780,918,1248,1275]" degrees="148.5100" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="148.51">E148.5100°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FC7C7CCE385EFB12" box="[938,1044,1249,1275]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1923-10-01">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF97FF85FC7C7CCE385EFB12" box="[938,1044,1249,1275]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1923-10-01">1-x-1923</collectingDate>
</date>
. Nyngan (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FB5E7CCF38B5FB12" box="[1160,1279,1248,1275]" degrees="31.5571" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-31.5571">S31.5571°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FAD17CCE39DAFB12" box="[1287,1424,1249,1275]" degrees="147.1849" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="147.1849">E147.1849°</geoCoordinate>
),?-
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FF7C7D2B3D4DFAF6" box="[170,263,1284,1311]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1952-09">ix-1952</date>
,
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FEC07D2B3DC3FAF6" box="[278,393,1284,1311]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1956-03-03">3-iii-1956</date>
. Barrington Tops, Gummi (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FD1C7D2A3F0BFAF6" box="[714,833,1285,1311]" degrees="31.9000" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-31.9">S31.9000°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FC9A7D2B3F9FFAF6" box="[844,981,1284,1311]" degrees="151.4600" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="151.46">E151.4600°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FC3A7D2B3815FAF6" box="[1004,1119,1284,1311]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1951-03-02">2-iii-1951</date>
. Lochaber Crk. (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FAF37D2A39D6FAF6" box="[1317,1436,1285,1311]" degrees="33.1739" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-33.1739">S33.1739°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FF417D073D6BFAAA" box="[151,289,1320,1347]" degrees="149.9573" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="149.9573">E149.9573°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FEEF7D073DF0FAAA" box="[313,442,1320,1347]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1947-04-25">25-iv-1947</date>
. Molong Crk., Mt. Canoblas (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FCF27D063FD6FAAA" box="[804,924,1321,1347]" degrees="33.3378" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-33.3378">S33.3378°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FC7E7D06387BFAAA" box="[936,1073,1321,1347]" degrees="149.0181" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="149.0181">E149.0181°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FB9C7D0738FEFAAA" box="[1098,1204,1320,1347]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1950-10-08">8-x-1950</date>
. Forbes (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FAF37D0639D7FAAA" box="[1317,1437,1321,1347]" degrees="33.3900" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-33.39">S33.3900°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FF417D633D6BFA8E" box="[151,289,1356,1383]" degrees="147.8600" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="147.86">E147.8600°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FEEC7D633DF3FA8F" box="[314,441,1356,1382]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1964-11-14">14-xi-1964</date>
.
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF97FF85FE1C7D633E72FA8F" box="[458,568,1356,1382]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Fish Riv.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF97FF85FD9F7D633EE2FA8F" box="[585,680,1356,1382]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Bathurst</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FD6A7D633F7EFA8E" box="[700,820,1356,1383]" degrees="33.5000" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-33.5">S33.5000°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FC967D633F80FA8E" box="[832,970,1356,1383]" degrees="149.6900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="149.69">E149.6900°</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectingMunicipality id="E66E0433FF97FF85FC377D633824FA8F" box="[993,1134,1356,1382]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">April. River</collectingMunicipality>
Lett,
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF97FF85FB6A7D63395AFA8F" box="[1212,1296,1356,1382]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Hartley</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FAF37D6339D6FA8E" box="[1317,1436,1356,1383]" degrees="33.5277" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-33.5277">S33.5277°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FF417D5F3D54FA62" box="[151,286,1392,1419]" degrees="150.2006" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="150.2006">E150.2006°</geoCoordinate>
)
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FEE67D5E3D84FA63" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FEE67D5E3D84FA63" box="[304,462,1392,1419]" latitude="-33.69" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="151.08" municipality="April. River" name="Dec. Hornsby" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" stateProvince="New South Wales">Dec. Hornsby</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FE367D5F3E12FA63" box="[480,600,1392,1418]" degrees="33.6900" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-33.69">S33.6900°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FDB77D5F3EA1FA62" box="[609,747,1392,1419]" degrees="151.0800" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="151.08">E151.0800°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FCD77D5F3FC2FA62" box="[769,904,1392,1419]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1952-12-23">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF97FF85FCD77D5F3FC2FA62" box="[769,904,1392,1419]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1952-12-23">23-xii-1952</collectingDate>
</date>
. Colo Vale (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FBCF7D5F38DBFA62" box="[1049,1169,1392,1419]" degrees="34.4050" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-34.405">S34.4050°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FB4D7D5F396EFA62" box="[1179,1316,1392,1419]" degrees="150.4600" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="150.46">E150.4600°</geoCoordinate>
), 25/
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FA897D5F3C98FA46" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1958-02-26">26-ii- 1958</date>
.
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF97FF85FF367DBA3D64FA46" box="[224,302,1429,1455]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Euston</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FE967DBB3DFDFA46" box="[320,439,1428,1455]" degrees="34.5901" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-34.5901">S34.5901°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FE177DBB3E01FA46" box="[449,587,1428,1455]" degrees="142.7532" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="142.7532">E142.7532°</geoCoordinate>
).
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FDB67DBB3F65FA47" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FDB67DBB3F65FA47" box="[608,815,1428,1454]" latitude="-34.631" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="150.742" name="Minnamurra Falls" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" stateProvince="New South Wales">Minnamurra Falls</location>
, nr.
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF97FF85FCB57DBB3FA7FA47" box="[867,1005,1428,1454]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Wollongong</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FC287DBB383CFA47" box="[1022,1142,1428,1454]" degrees="34.6310" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-34.631">S34.6310°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FB567DBB3943FA46" box="[1152,1289,1428,1455]" degrees="150.7420" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="150.742">E150.7420°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FAC97DBB39D2FA47" box="[1311,1432,1428,1454]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="2001-02-22">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF97FF85FAC97DBB39D2FA47" box="[1311,1432,1428,1454]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="2001-02-22">22-ii-2001</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF97FF85FF417D973CA6FA3B" box="[151,236,1464,1490]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Tallong</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FED77D973D33FA3A" box="[257,377,1464,1491]" degrees="34.7500" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-34.75">S34.7500°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FE507D973E5AFA3A" box="[390,528,1464,1491]" degrees="150.0400" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="150.04">E150.0400°</geoCoordinate>
).
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF97FF85FDFE7D963E14FA3A" box="[552,606,1465,1491]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Yass</collectorName>
, (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FDA17D963EA5FA3A" box="[631,751,1465,1491]" degrees="34.8200" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-34.82">S34.8200°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FD2A7D963FCFFA3A" box="[764,901,1465,1491]" degrees="148.9000" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="148.9">E148.9000°</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectingCounty id="EF6BE6C5FF97FF85FC4B7D963F9DFA3A" box="[925,983,1465,1491]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Aug.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="E66E0433FF97FF85FC3E7D96394DFA3B" box="[1000,1287,1464,1491]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Nov. Goodrabigbee Riv.</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FACE7D9639D6FA3A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FACE7D9639D6FA3A" box="[1304,1436,1465,1491]" county="Aug." latitude="-35.1631" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="148.6868" municipality="Nov. Goodrabigbee Riv." name="Wee Jasper" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" stateProvince="New South Wales">Wee Jasper</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FF497DF33D5CFA1E" box="[159,278,1500,1527]" degrees="35.1631" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-35.1631">S35.1631°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FEF47DF33DE6FA1E" box="[290,428,1500,1527]" degrees="148.6868" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="148.6868">E148.6868°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FE127DF33E09FA1F" box="[452,579,1500,1526]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1964-04-18">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF97FF85FE127DF33E09FA1F" box="[452,579,1500,1526]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1964-04-18">18-iv-1964</collectingDate>
</date>
. Shoalhaven Riv., N. of Braidwood (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FC2A7DF33839FA1E" box="[1020,1139,1500,1527]" degrees="35.3428" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-35.3428">S35.3428°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FBA97DF33943FA1E" box="[1151,1289,1500,1527]" degrees="149.7375" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="149.7375">E149.7375°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FAF77DF339D2FA1E" box="[1313,1432,1500,1527]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1952-10-22">22-x-1952</date>
,
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FF417E2F3D43F9F3" box="[151,265,1536,1562]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="2007-11-01">1-xi-2007</date>
. Deniliquin (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FE727E2F3E51F9F2" box="[420,539,1536,1563]" degrees="35.5400" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-35.54">S35.5400°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FDF17E2F3EFAF9F2" box="[551,688,1536,1563]" degrees="144.6100" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="144.61">E144.6100°</geoCoordinate>
),?-
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FD0D7E2F3F72F9F3" box="[731,824,1536,1562]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1926-09">ix-1926</date>
. Logbridge Crk.,
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF97FF85FBDA7E2E381DF9F3" box="[1036,1111,1536,1563]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" unit="km" value="19.0">19 km</quantity>
w of Corryong (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FAF37E2F39D6F9F3" box="[1317,1436,1536,1562]" degrees="36.2100" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-36.21">S36.2100°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FF417E0A3D6BF9D6" box="[151,289,1573,1599]" degrees="147.7100" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="147.71">E147.7100°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FEE57E0B3DF9F9D7" box="[307,435,1572,1598]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="2007-11-13">13-xi-2007</date>
.
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF97FF85FE6B7E0B3E5CF9D7" box="[445,534,1572,1598]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Biggara</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FDF57E0B3ED1F9D7" box="[547,667,1572,1598]" degrees="36.3401" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-36.3401">S36.3401°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FD777E0B3F57F9D6" box="[673,797,1572,1599]" degrees="148.056" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="55" value="148.056">E148.056°</geoCoordinate>
).
<collectingMunicipality id="E66E0433FF97FF85FCF87E0B3FB5F9D7" box="[814,1023,1572,1598]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Leatherbarrel Crk.</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FBDF7E0A3952F9D7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FBDF7E0A3952F9D7" box="[1033,1304,1572,1599]" latitude="-36.5257" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="148.1914" municipality="Leatherbarrel Crk." name="Mt. Kosziusko Nat. Prk." pageId="9" pageNumber="544" stateProvince="New South Wales">Mt. Kosziusko Nat. Prk.</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FAF37E0B39D6F9D6" box="[1317,1436,1572,1599]" degrees="36.5257" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-36.5257">S36.5257°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FF417E663D6BF98A" box="[151,289,1609,1635]" degrees="148.1914" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="148.1914">E148.1914°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FEE27E673DD4F98A" box="[308,414,1608,1635]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="2002-10-05">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF97FF85FEE27E673DD4F98A" box="[308,414,1608,1635]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="2002-10-05">5-x-2002</collectingDate>
</date>
. Wullwye Crk., Dalgety (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FD6D7E673F79F98B" box="[699,819,1608,1634]" degrees="36.4896" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-36.4896">S36.4896°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FCEF7E673F89F98A" box="[825,963,1608,1635]" degrees="148.8358" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="148.8358">E148.8358°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FC007E673814F98B" box="[982,1118,1608,1634]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1972-12-21">21-xii-1972</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF97FF85FF117E43397FF86A" blockId="9.[151,1437,1140,2031]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF97FF85FF117E433E55F96E" bold="true" box="[199,543,1644,1671]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Australian Capital Territory.</emphasis>
Canberra (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FD4B7E433F5FF96E" box="[669,789,1644,1671]" degrees="35.2800" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-35.28">S35.2800°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FCCC7E423FEEF96E" box="[794,932,1645,1671]" degrees="149.1200" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="149.12">E149.1200°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FC637E423867F96E" box="[949,1069,1645,1671]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1929-10-18">18-x-1929</date>
,
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FBE07E4238D5F96E" box="[1078,1183,1645,1671]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1931-10-02">2-x-1931</date>
,
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FB7C7E433978F96E" box="[1194,1330,1644,1671]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1950-12-13">13-xii-1950</date>
.
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FAEC7E433CACF943" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FAEC7E433CACF943" latitude="-35.28" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="149.04" name="Molonglo Riv." pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Molonglo Riv.</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FF217EBF3D25F942" box="[247,367,1680,1707]" degrees="35.2800" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-35.28">S35.2800°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FEAF7EBE3E49F942" box="[377,515,1681,1707]" degrees="149.0400" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="149.04">E149.0400°</geoCoordinate>
), Sept-April,
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FD767EBF3F6BF943" box="[672,801,1680,1706]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1931-09-18">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF97FF85FD767EBF3F6BF943" box="[672,801,1680,1706]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1931-09-18">18-ix-1931</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FCF87EBF3FE8F942" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FCF87EBF3FE8F942" box="[814,930,1680,1707]" latitude="-35.28" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="149.11" name="Black Mt." pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Black Mt.</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FC627EBF3861F942" box="[948,1067,1680,1707]" degrees="35.2800" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-35.28">S35.2800°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FBE37EBE38F4F942" box="[1077,1214,1681,1707]" degrees="149.1100" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="149.11">E149.1100°</geoCoordinate>
), June, Nov.,
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF97FF85FAB67EBE3D75F927" isEnumeration="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FAB67EBE3C98F926" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1929-10-22">22-x- 1929</date>
,
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FF097E9B3D75F927" box="[223,319,1716,1742]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="2016-10-31">16-x-31.</date>
</collectingDate>
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FE9E7E9A3D3AF926" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FE9E7E9A3D3AF926" box="[328,368,1717,1743]" country="South Korea" latitude="-35.3" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="148.8" name="Mt." pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Mt.</location>
<collectingCountry id="7EA2DED9FF97FF85FEAE7E9A3DF1F926" box="[376,443,1717,1743]" name="South Korea" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Coree</collectingCountry>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FE1A7E9B3E09F926" box="[460,579,1716,1743]" degrees="35.3000" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-35.3">S35.3000°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FD9A7E9A3E9CF926" box="[588,726,1717,1743]" degrees="148.8000" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="148.8">E148.8000°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FD3D7E9B3F26F926" box="[747,876,1716,1743]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1955-03-22">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF97FF85FD3D7E9B3F26F926" box="[747,876,1716,1743]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1955-03-22">22-iii-1955</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FCAE7E9B3812F927" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FCAE7E9B3812F927" box="[888,1112,1716,1742]" country="South Korea" latitude="-35.32" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="148.95" name="Murrumbidgee Riv." pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Murrumbidgee Riv.</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FBBE7E9B3895F926" box="[1128,1247,1716,1743]" degrees="35.3200" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-35.32">S35.3200°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FB3E7E9B3938F926" box="[1256,1394,1716,1743]" degrees="148.9500" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="148.95">E148.9500°</geoCoordinate>
),?-
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF97FF85FF417EF73E37F91A" box="[151,637,1752,1779]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FF417EF73CA8F91B" box="[151,226,1752,1778]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1934-01">i-1934</date>
,
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FF277EF73D3AF91A" box="[241,368,1752,1779]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1953-09-21">21-ix-1953</date>
,
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FEA97EF73DB2F91A" box="[383,504,1752,1779]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1955-02-25">25-ii-1955</date>
,
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FDD07EF63E37F91A" box="[518,637,1753,1779]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="2014-10-11">11-x-2014</date>
</collectingDate>
.
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FD5D7EF63F43F91B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FD5D7EF63F43F91B" box="[651,777,1752,1779]" country="South Korea" county="Bridge" latitude="-35.3258" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="148.9397" municipality="Nov-April. Cotter Riv." name="Cotter Riv." pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Cotter Riv.</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FCCC7EF73FD8F91A" box="[794,914,1752,1779]" degrees="35.3200" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-35.32">S35.3200°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FC4A7EF6386CF91A" box="[924,1062,1753,1779]" degrees="148.9400" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="148.94">E148.9400°</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectingMunicipality id="E66E0433FF97FF85FBEA7EF73908F91B" box="[1084,1346,1752,1779]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Nov-April. Cotter Riv.</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="EF6BE6C5FF97FF85FA867EF739D6F91B" box="[1360,1436,1752,1778]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Bridge</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FF497ED33D5DF8FE" box="[159,279,1788,1815]" degrees="35.3258" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-35.3258">S35.3258°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FECC7ED23DEEF8FE" box="[282,420,1789,1815]" degrees="148.9397" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="148.9397">E148.9397°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FE627ED33E7BF8FF" box="[436,561,1788,1814]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1929-11-11">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF97FF85FE627ED33E7BF8FF" box="[436,561,1788,1814]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1929-11-11">11-xi-1929</collectingDate>
</date>
,?-
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FD9B7ED33EF0F8FF" box="[589,698,1788,1814]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1972-08">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF97FF85FD9B7ED33EF0F8FF" box="[589,698,1788,1814]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1972-08">viii-1972</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FD147ED23F07F8FF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FD147ED23F07F8FF" box="[706,845,1788,1815]" country="South Korea" latitude="-35.35" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="148.8" name="Lee's Spring" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Lee’s Spring</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FC8F7ED33F9AF8FE" box="[857,976,1788,1815]" degrees="35.3500" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-35.35">S35.3500°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FC027ED23814F8FE" box="[980,1118,1789,1815]" degrees="148.8000" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="148.8">E148.8000°</geoCoordinate>
), Oct.,
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FB7E7ED33960F8FE" box="[1192,1322,1788,1815]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1951-03-21">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF97FF85FB7E7ED33960F8FE" box="[1192,1322,1788,1815]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1951-03-21">21-iii-1951</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FAE77ED339D6F8FF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FAE77ED339D6F8FF" box="[1329,1436,1788,1814]" country="South Korea" latitude="-35.36" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="148.81" name="Blundells" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Blundells</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FF497F0F3D5DF8D2" box="[159,279,1824,1851]" degrees="35.3600" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-35.36">S35.3600°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FEC97F0E3DE3F8D2" box="[287,425,1825,1851]" degrees="148.8100" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="148.81">E148.8100°</geoCoordinate>
), Sept, Dec, Feb.,
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF97FF85FDA87F0E38CFF8D2" box="[638,1157,1824,1851]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FDA87F0E3EBEF8D2" box="[638,756,1825,1851]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1930-10-24">24-x-1930</date>
,
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FCD47F0F3F39F8D3" box="[770,883,1824,1850]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1931-01-18">18-i-1931</date>
,
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FC577F0F384AF8D3" box="[897,1024,1824,1850]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1934-11-20">20-xi-1934</date>
,
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FBDB7F0E38CFF8D2" box="[1037,1157,1825,1851]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1938-10-22">22-x-1938</date>
</collectingDate>
.
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FB447F0F395FF8D3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FB447F0F395FF8D3" box="[1170,1301,1824,1850]" country="South Korea" latitude="-35.36" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="148.51" name="Brindabella" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Brindabella</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FAF37F0F39D7F8D2" box="[1317,1437,1824,1851]" degrees="35.3600" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-35.36">S35.3600°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FF417F6B3D6BF8B6" box="[151,289,1860,1887]" degrees="148.5100" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="148.51">E148.5100°</geoCoordinate>
), Oct.,
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF97FF85FEA67F6B3F4FF8B7" box="[368,773,1860,1886]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FEA67F6B3DA5F8B7" box="[368,495,1860,1886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1924-11-17">17-xi-1924</date>
,
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FE2C7F6B3E31F8B7" box="[506,635,1860,1886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1930-03-20">20-iii-1930</date>
,
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FD507F6B3F4FF8B7" box="[646,773,1860,1886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1962-11-21">21-xi-1962</date>
</collectingDate>
.
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FCD97F6B3FD2F8B7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FCD97F6B3FD2F8B7" box="[783,920,1860,1886]" country="South Korea" latitude="-35.36" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="148.9" name="Pierces Crk." pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Pierces Crk.</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FC707F6B3854F8B6" box="[934,1054,1860,1887]" degrees="35.3600" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-35.36">S35.3600°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FBF27F6A38E4F8B6" box="[1060,1198,1861,1887]" degrees="148.9000" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="148.9">E148.9000°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FB167F6B390AF8B6" box="[1216,1344,1860,1887]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1950-09-12">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF97FF85FB167F6B390AF8B6" box="[1216,1344,1860,1887]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1950-09-12">12-ix-1950</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FA9F7F6B3C83F86B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FA9F7F6B3C83F86B" country="South Korea" latitude="-35.44" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="148.94" name="Tidbinbilla" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Tidbinbilla</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FF0E7F473D05F86A" box="[216,335,1896,1923]" degrees="35.4400" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-35.44">S35.4400°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FE807F463DAAF86A" box="[342,480,1897,1923]" degrees="148.9400" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="148.94">E148.9400°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FE257F473E3BF86A" box="[499,625,1896,1923]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1953-11-11">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF97FF85FE257F473E3BF86A" box="[499,625,1896,1923]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1953-11-11">11-xi-1953</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FDAA7F463F42F86B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FDAA7F463F42F86B" box="[636,776,1896,1923]" country="South Korea" latitude="-35.57" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="148.77" municipality="Brindabella" name="Mt. Gingera" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Mt. Gingera</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="E66E0433FF97FF85FCC57F473FDCF86B" box="[787,918,1896,1922]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Brindabella</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FC727F473856F86A" box="[932,1052,1896,1923]" degrees="35.5700" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-35.57">S35.5700°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FBF57F4638E6F86A" box="[1059,1196,1897,1923]" degrees="148.7700" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="148.77">E148.7700°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF97FF85FB697F47397BF86A" box="[1215,1329,1896,1923]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1951-01-31">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF97FF85FB697F47397BF86A" box="[1215,1329,1896,1923]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" value="1951-01-31">31-i-1951</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF97FF86FF117FA33E74FE62" blockId="9.[151,1437,1140,2031]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,152,684]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="545" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF97FF85FF117FA33D65F84E" bold="true" box="[199,303,1932,1959]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">
<collectingRegion id="C47150ABFF97FF85FF117FA33D60F84E" box="[199,298,1932,1959]" country="Australia" name="Victoria" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Victoria</collectingRegion>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="E66E0433FF97FF85FEEC7FA23D83F84F" box="[314,457,1932,1959]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Murray Riv.</collectingMunicipality>
, west of
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FDEF7FA33ED1F84F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FDEF7FA33ED1F84F" box="[569,667,1932,1958]" latitude="-34.16" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="142.05" municipality="Murray Riv." name="Merbein" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" stateProvince="Victoria">Merbein</location>
, (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FD677FA33F63F84F" box="[689,809,1932,1958]" degrees="34.1600" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-34.16">S34.1600°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FCE57FA33FF7F84E" box="[819,957,1932,1959]" degrees="142.0500" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="142.05">E142.0500°</geoCoordinate>
),
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FC027FA23838F84F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FC027FA23838F84F" box="[980,1138,1932,1959]" latitude="-35.9625" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="147.5086" name="Dec. Jingellic" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" stateProvince="Victoria">Dec. Jingellic</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FB527FA338B6F84E" box="[1156,1276,1932,1959]" degrees="35.9625" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-35.9625">S35.9625°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FAD17FA339DBF84E" box="[1287,1425,1932,1959]" degrees="147.5086" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="147.5086">E147.5086°</geoCoordinate>
).
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FF417F9F3CBAF823" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FF417F9F3CBAF823" box="[151,240,1968,1994]" latitude="-36.0192" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="144.9549" name="Barmah" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" stateProvince="Victoria">Barmah</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FEDE7F9F3DCAF823" box="[264,384,1968,1994]" degrees="36.0192" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-36.0192">S36.0192°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FE467F9F3E50F822" box="[400,538,1968,1995]" degrees="144.9549" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="144.9549">E144.9549°</geoCoordinate>
).
<collectingMunicipality id="E66E0433FF97FF85FDE07F9F3EFDF823" box="[566,695,1968,1994]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Tallandoon</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FD1D7F9F3F1FF823" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FD1D7F9F3F1FF823" box="[715,853,1968,1994]" latitude="-36.4393" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="147.2033" municipality="Tallandoon" name="Mitta Mitta" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" stateProvince="Victoria">Mitta Mitta</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FCBB7F9F3FAFF823" box="[877,997,1968,1994]" degrees="36.4393" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-36.4393">S36.4393°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FC237F9E3835F822" box="[1013,1151,1969,1995]" degrees="147.2033" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="147.2033">E147.2033°</geoCoordinate>
).
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FB4D7F9F39D7F823" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FB4D7F9F39D7F823" box="[1179,1437,1968,1994]" latitude="-36.5078" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="147.4175" name="Callaghans Creek Rd" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" stateProvince="Victoria">Callaghans Creek Rd</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FF497FFB3D5DF806" box="[159,279,2004,2031]" degrees="36.5078" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-36.5078">S36.5078°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FECB7FFB3DEDF806" box="[285,423,2004,2031]" degrees="147.4175" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="147.4175">E147.4175°</geoCoordinate>
).
<location id="036AC892FF97FF85FE6F7FFB3E73F807" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF97FF85FE6F7FFB3E73F807" box="[441,569,2004,2030]" latitude="-36.5153" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="147.4349" name="Mitta Mitta" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" stateProvince="Victoria">Mitta Mitta</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FD907FFB3EF4F806" box="[582,702,2004,2031]" degrees="36.5202" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-36.5202">S36.5202°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FD127FFA3F07F806" box="[708,845,2005,2031]" degrees="147.3703" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="147.3703">E147.3703°</geoCoordinate>
), (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FCBE7FFB3F95F806" box="[872,991,2004,2031]" degrees="36.5624" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-36.5624">S36.5624°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FC337FFB3825F806" box="[997,1135,2004,2031]" degrees="147.4106" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="147.4106">E147.4106°</geoCoordinate>
), (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FB5F7FFB394BF806" box="[1161,1281,2004,2031]" degrees="36.5153" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="-36.5153">S36.5153°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF97FF85FAD17FFA39DBF806" box="[1287,1425,2005,2031]" degrees="147.4349" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" precision="5" value="147.4349">E147.4349°</geoCoordinate>
).
<collectingCounty id="EF6BE6C5FF94FF86FF4178B63D78FF5A" box="[151,306,153,179]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Lake Buffalo</collectingCounty>
, (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FE9E78B63D8AFF5A" box="[328,448,153,179]" degrees="36.7383" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-36.7383">S36.7383°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FE1C78B63E1EFF5D" box="[458,596,153,180]" degrees="146.6616" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="146.6616">E146.6616°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FDBC78B63EA0FF5A" box="[618,746,153,179]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1972-04-12">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF94FF86FDBC78B63EA0FF5A" box="[618,746,153,179]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1972-04-12">12-iv-1972</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="E66E0433FF94FF86FD2E78B63F21FF5A" box="[760,875,153,179]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">King Riv.</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="036AC892FF94FF86FCAF78B63FAEFF5A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF94FF86FCAF78B63FAEFF5A" box="[889,996,153,179]" county="Lake Buffalo" latitude="-36.7968" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="147.6741" municipality="King Riv." name="Whitfield" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" stateProvince="Victoria">Whitfield</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FC2178B73824FF5A" box="[1015,1134,152,179]" degrees="36.7529" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-36.7529">S36.7529°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FBAF78B63948FF5D" box="[1145,1282,153,180]" degrees="146.4247" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="146.4247">E146.4247°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FACF78B639D3FF5A" box="[1305,1433,153,179]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1972-04-12">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF94FF86FACF78B639D3FF5A" box="[1305,1433,153,179]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1972-04-12">12-iv-1972</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<location id="036AC892FF94FF86FF4178923DC5FF3E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF94FF86FF4178923DC5FF3E" box="[151,399,189,215]" county="Lake Buffalo" latitude="-36.7968" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="147.6741" municipality="King Riv." name="Lower Tablelands Rd." pageId="10" pageNumber="545" stateProvince="Victoria">Lower Tablelands Rd.</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FE4B78923E45FF31" box="[413,527,189,216]" degrees="36.7968" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-36.7968">S36.7968</geoCoordinate>
¡
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FDCF78923EE9FF31" box="[537,675,189,216]" degrees="147.6741" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="147.6741">E147.6741°</geoCoordinate>
).
<location id="036AC892FF94FF86FD6078923F02FF3E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF94FF86FD6078923F02FF3E" box="[694,840,189,215]" latitude="-36.9638" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="147.6044" name="Omeo Valley" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" stateProvince="Victoria">Omeo Valley</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FC8178923F84FF3E" box="[855,974,189,215]" degrees="36.9638" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-36.9638">S36.9638°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FC0378923815FF31" box="[981,1119,189,216]" degrees="147.6044" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="147.6044">E147.6044°</geoCoordinate>
).
<collectingCounty id="EF6BE6C5FF94FF86FBA778923942FF3E" box="[1137,1288,189,215]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Howqua Riv.</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="E66E0433FF94FF86FAC5789239D6FF3E" box="[1299,1436,189,215]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Lake Eildon</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FF4978CE3D5DFF12" box="[159,279,225,251]" degrees="37.2366" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-37.2366">S37.2366°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FECB78CE3DECFF15" box="[285,422,225,252]" degrees="146.2291" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="146.2291">E146.2291°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FE6F78CE3E73FF12" box="[441,569,225,251]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1972-06-12">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF94FF86FE6F78CE3E73FF12" box="[441,569,225,251]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1972-06-12">12-vi-1972</collectingDate>
</date>
. Lee’s Spring,
<location id="036AC892FF94FF86FD0B78CE3F20FF12" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF94FF86FD0B78CE3F20FF12" box="[733,874,225,251]" county="Howqua Riv." latitude="-37.98" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="147.096" municipality="Lake Eildon" name="Mt. Franklin" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" stateProvince="Victoria">Mt. Franklin</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FCAE78CE3FBAFF12" box="[888,1008,225,251]" degrees="37.2600" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-37.26">S37.2600°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FC2078CE38CAFF12" box="[1014,1152,225,251]" degrees="144.1490" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="144.149">E144.1490°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FB4478CF38BCFF12" box="[1170,1270,224,251]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1952-01-01">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF94FF86FB4478CF38BCFF12" box="[1170,1270,224,251]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1952-01-01">1-i-1952</collectingDate>
</date>
. Jamieson Riv. (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FF49792A3D5DFEF6" box="[159,279,261,287]" degrees="37.3100" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-37.31">S37.3100°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FEF7792A3DE0FEC9" box="[289,426,261,288]" degrees="146.1100" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="146.11">E146.1100°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FE17792A3E71FEF6" box="[449,571,261,287]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="2001-02-16">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF94FF86FE17792A3E71FEF6" box="[449,571,261,287]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="2001-02-16">16-ii-2001</collectingDate>
</date>
. Taggerty Riv. (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FD21792A3F25FEF6" box="[759,879,261,287]" degrees="37.3218" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-37.3218">S37.3218°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FCAC792B384EFEF6" box="[890,1028,260,287]" degrees="145.7080" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="145.708">E145.7080°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FBCC792A38D8FEF6" box="[1050,1170,261,287]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="2002-10-11">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF94FF86FBCC792A38D8FEF6" box="[1050,1170,261,287]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="2002-10-11">11-x-2002</collectingDate>
</date>
. Acheron Riv., Buxton (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FF4979063D5DFEAA" box="[159,279,297,323]" degrees="37.4168" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-37.4168">S37.4168°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FEF779073DE0FEAA" box="[289,426,296,323]" degrees="145.6984" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="145.6984">E145.6984°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FE1679073E72FEAA" box="[448,568,296,323]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1951-10-13">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF94FF86FE1679073E72FEAA" box="[448,568,296,323]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1951-10-13">13-x-1951</collectingDate>
</date>
. Steavenson Riv., Buxton (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FCA279073FA1FEAA" box="[884,1003,296,323]" degrees="37.4257" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-37.4257">S37.4257°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FC2379073835FEAA" box="[1013,1151,296,323]" degrees="145.7076" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="145.7076">E145.7076°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FB437906394BFEAA" box="[1173,1281,297,323]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1973-02-03">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF94FF86FB437906394BFEAA" box="[1173,1281,297,323]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1973-02-03">3-ii-1973</collectingDate>
</date>
. Buchan Riv. (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FF4979633D41FE8E" box="[159,267,332,359]" degrees="37.5008" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-37.5008">S37.5008</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FEC479623DDBFE8E" box="[274,401,333,359]" degrees="148.1734" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="148.1734">E148.1734</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FE7579623E47FE8E" box="[419,525,333,359]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="2012-05-01">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF94FF86FE7579623E47FE8E" box="[419,525,333,359]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="2012-05-01">1-v-2012</collectingDate>
</date>
. Branxholme (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FD6779623F63FE8E" box="[689,809,333,359]" degrees="37.8400" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-37.84">S37.8400°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FCF979633F8DFE8E" box="[815,967,332,359]" degrees="141.65000" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="1" value="141.65">E141.65000°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FC0C79633823FE8E" box="[986,1129,332,359]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1958-08-12">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF94FF86FC0C79633823FE8E" box="[986,1129,332,359]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1958-08-12">12-viii-1958</collectingDate>
</date>
. Stratford/Avon. Gippsland (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FF49795E3D5DFE62" box="[159,279,369,395]" degrees="37.9800" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-37.98">S37.9800°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FECB795E3DEDFE65" box="[285,423,369,396]" degrees="147.0960" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="147.096">E147.0960°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FE6C795E3E70FE62" box="[442,570,369,395]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1972-11-20">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF94FF86FE6C795E3E70FE62" box="[442,570,369,395]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1972-11-20">20-xi-1972</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF94FF86FF1179BA389BFD42" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,684]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF94FF86FF1179BA3DE2FE46" bold="true" box="[199,424,404,431]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">
<collectingRegion id="C47150ABFF94FF86FF1179BA3DE9FE46" box="[199,419,404,431]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
.
</emphasis>
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF94FF86FE6679BA3E66FE46" box="[432,556,405,431]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Bullsbrook</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FDEA79BA3EF9FE46" box="[572,691,405,431]" degrees="31.6700" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-31.67">S31.6700°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FD6D79BB3F0EFE46" box="[699,836,404,431]" degrees="115.9900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="115.99">E115.9900°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FC8179BB3F92FE46" box="[855,984,404,431]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1953-08-03">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF94FF86FC8179BB3F92FE46" box="[855,984,404,431]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1953-08-03">3-viii-1953</collectingDate>
</date>
. Hovea (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FBEA79BA38FEFE46" box="[1084,1204,405,431]" degrees="31.8700" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-31.87">S31.8700°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FB6D79BA390EFE59" box="[1211,1348,405,432]" degrees="116.0800" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="116.08">E116.0800°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FA8E79BA3C98FE3A" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1935-09-29">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF94FF86FA8E79BA3C98FE3A" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1935-09-29">29-ix- 1935</collectingDate>
</date>
. Mundaring (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FEA679963DA2FE3A" box="[368,488,441,467]" degrees="31.9100" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-31.91">S31.9100°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FE2479963E31FE3D" box="[498,635,441,468]" degrees="116.1600" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="116.16">E116.1600°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FD4779963F6BFE3A" box="[657,801,441,467]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1926-08-23">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF94FF86FD4779963F6BFE3A" box="[657,801,441,467]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1926-08-23">23-viii-1926</collectingDate>
</date>
. Perth (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FCAB79973FBEFE3A" box="[893,1012,440,467]" degrees="31.9500" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-31.95">S31.9500°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FC29799738C2FE3A" box="[1023,1160,440,467]" degrees="115.8300" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="115.83">E115.8300°</geoCoordinate>
),?-
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FB677996395DFE3A" box="[1201,1303,441,467]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1930-07">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF94FF86FB677996395DFE3A" box="[1201,1303,441,467]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1930-07">vii-1930</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<location id="036AC892FF94FF86FAF379963C9AFE1E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF94FF86FAF379963C9AFE1E" latitude="-32.37" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="115.99" name="Serpentine Falls" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" stateProvince="Western Australia">Serpentine Falls</location>
,
<locationDeviation id="17B8876BFF94FF86FF0879F23D16FE1E" box="[222,348,477,503]" location="Perth." pageId="10" pageNumber="545">S of Perth.</locationDeviation>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FEBB79F23DAEFE1E" box="[365,484,477,503]" degrees="32.3679" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-32.3679">S32.3679°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FE3879F23E3FFE11" box="[494,629,477,504]" degrees="116.0111" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="116.0111">E116.0111°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FD5C79F33F49FE1E" box="[650,771,476,503]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="2005-10-26">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF94FF86FD5C79F33F49FE1E" box="[650,771,476,503]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="2005-10-26">26-x-2005</collectingDate>
</date>
. Serpentine Riv. (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FC0779F23802FE1E" box="[977,1096,477,503]" degrees="32.3684" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-32.3684">S32.3684°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FB8479F23891FE11" box="[1106,1243,477,504]" degrees="116.0103" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="116.0103">E116.0103°</geoCoordinate>
),?-
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FAD279F2392AFE1E" box="[1284,1376,477,503]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1972-04">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF94FF86FAD279F2392AFE1E" box="[1284,1376,477,503]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1972-04">iv-1972</collectingDate>
</date>
. Serpentine Riv. (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FEF87A2E3DEFFDF2" box="[302,421,513,539]" degrees="32.3700" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-32.37">S32.3700°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FE7A7A2F3E7FFDF2" box="[428,565,512,539]" degrees="115.9900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="115.99">E115.9900°</geoCoordinate>
), Apr. Groper, Harvey (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FCEB7A2E3FFFFDF2" box="[829,949,513,539]" degrees="33.0800" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-33.08">S33.0800°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FC6A7A2F380FFDF2" box="[956,1093,512,539]" degrees="115.8900" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="115.89">E115.8900°</geoCoordinate>
),?-
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FBBD7A2E3880FDF2" box="[1131,1226,513,539]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1972-03">iii-1972</date>
. Kirup (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FAF37A2E39D7FDF2" box="[1317,1437,513,539]" degrees="33.7100" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-33.71">S33.7100°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FF417A0B3D6AFDD6" box="[151,288,548,575]" degrees="115.8500" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="115.85">E115.8500°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FEF97A0A3DF5FDD6" box="[303,447,549,575]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1926-08-29">29-viii-1926</date>
.S. Bridgetown(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FDB87A0B3EACFDD6" box="[622,742,548,575]" degrees="33.9500" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-33.95">S33.9500°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FD3F7A0A3F38FDA9" box="[745,882,549,576]" degrees="116.1300" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="116.13">E116.1300°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FC577A0A3845FDD6" box="[897,1039,549,575]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1926-08-29">29-viii-1926</date>
,
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FBC17A0B38C5FDD6" box="[1047,1167,548,575]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="2005-10-27">27-x-2005</date>
.Bridgetown(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FAF37A0A39D6FDD6" box="[1317,1436,549,575]" degrees="33.9700" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-33.97">S33.9700°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FF417A663D6BFD8D" box="[151,289,585,612]" degrees="116.1300" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="116.13">E116.1300°</geoCoordinate>
). Donnely Riv. NW Pemberton (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FD597A663F4DFD8A" box="[655,775,585,611]" degrees="34.0800" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-34.08">S34.0800°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FCD87A673FD2FD8A" box="[782,920,584,611]" degrees="115.9400" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="115.94">E115.9400°</geoCoordinate>
).
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF94FF86FC7D7A663811FD8A" box="[939,1115,585,611]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Channeybearup</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FBBC7A6638ABFD8A" box="[1130,1249,585,611]" degrees="34.4000" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-34.4">S34.4000°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FB3F7A67393BFD8A" box="[1257,1393,584,611]" degrees="115.9000" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="115.9">E115.9000°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FA537A673CA0FD6E" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1970-10-05">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF94FF86FA537A673CA0FD6E" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1970-10-05">5- x-1970</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<location id="036AC892FF94FF86FF217A423DE8FD6E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF94FF86FF217A423DE8FD6E" box="[247,418,621,647]" latitude="-34.44" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="116.03" name="Beedelup Falls" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" stateProvince="Western Australia">Beedelup Falls</location>
, NW
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF94FF86FE317A423E2AFD6E" box="[487,608,621,647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Pemberton</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FDA47A423EA3FD6E" box="[626,745,621,647]" degrees="34.4189" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-34.4189">S34.4189°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FD247A433F31FD6E" box="[754,891,620,647]" degrees="115.8674" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="115.8674">E115.8674°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FC467A423857FD6E" box="[912,1053,621,647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1972-03">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF94FF86FC467A423857FD6E" box="[912,1053,621,647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1972-03">March 1972</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF94FF86FBFC7A4238F5FD6E" box="[1066,1215,621,647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Carey Brook</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF94FF86FB1A7A4239D7FD6E" box="[1228,1437,621,647]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Beedelup Nat. Pk.</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FF497ABF3D5CFD42" box="[159,278,656,683]" degrees="34.4345" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-34.4345">S34.4345°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FECB7ABF3DECFD42" box="[285,422,656,683]" degrees="115.7986" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="115.7986">E115.7986°</geoCoordinate>
),?-
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FE1A7ABE3E61FD42" box="[460,555,657,683]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1972-03">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF94FF86FE1A7ABE3E61FD42" box="[460,555,657,683]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1972-03">iii-1972</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF94FF86FDE37ABE3EE4FD42" box="[565,686,657,683]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Pemberton</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FD6B7ABE3F7FFD42" box="[701,821,657,683]" degrees="34.4400" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="-34.44">S34.4400°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF94FF86FCEA7ABE3F8FFD45" box="[828,965,657,684]" degrees="116.0300" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" precision="5" value="116.03">E116.0300°</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF94FF86FC017ABF3887FD42" box="[983,1229,656,683]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FC017ABF3812FD42" box="[983,1112,656,683]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1956-03-15">15-iii-1956</date>
,
<date id="720BB889FF94FF86FBB57ABE3887FD42" box="[1123,1229,657,683]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" value="1970-10-06">6-x-1970</date>
</collectingDate>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="52CACEC1FF94FF86FF417FA53FD2F803" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557535" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3557535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557535/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" startId="10.[151,264,1930,1955]" targetBox="[151,1432,697,1910]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF94FF86FF417FA53FD2F803" blockId="10.[151,1437,1930,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF94FF86FF417FA53D05F84A" bold="true" box="[151,335,1930,1955]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">FIGURES 20–23</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF94FF86FE887FA53E2BF84B" box="[350,609,1930,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF94FF86FE887FA53E2BF84B" box="[350,609,1930,1954]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male. (20) Antenna (NSW). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (21) Maxillary palpus (ACT), showing palpomeres III–V. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (22) Maxillary palpus (NSW). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (23) Genitalia (NSW). m s—median sclerite; pm—paramere; v p—ventral plate. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="52CACEC1FF95FF87FF417FBD397CF81B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557537" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3557537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557537/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="546" startId="11.[151,264,1938,1963]" targetBox="[199,1389,166,1918]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF95FF87FF417FBD397CF81B" blockId="11.[151,1436,1938,2035]" pageId="11" pageNumber="546">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF95FF87FF417FBD3D07F842" bold="true" box="[151,333,1938,1963]" pageId="11" pageNumber="546">FIGURES 24–29</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF95FF87FE8F7FBC3E11F842" box="[345,603,1939,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF95FF87FE8F7FBC3E11F842" box="[345,603,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="546">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pupa. (24) Dorsal view of pupae &amp; cocoons (NSW). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (25) Gill (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (26) Gill filament bases (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (27) Head capsule, male (NSW). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (28) Head capsule, female (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (29) Thoracic cuticle (ACT). Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="52CACEC1FF92FF80FF417F0138D0F883" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557540" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3557540" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557540/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="547" startId="12.[151,264,1838,1863]" targetBox="[151,1432,174,1819]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF92FF80FF417F0138D0F883" blockId="12.[151,1436,1838,1899]" pageId="12" pageNumber="547">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF92FF80FF417F013D05F8AE" bold="true" box="[151,335,1838,1863]" pageId="12" pageNumber="547">FIGURES 30–31</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF92FF80FE8A7F003E15F8AE" box="[348,607,1839,1863]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF92FF80FE8A7F003E15F8AE" box="[348,607,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="547">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pupa. (30) Abdominal cuticle &amp; armature, dorsoventrally flattened (ACT). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (31) Terminal abdomen (ACT). Arrow indicates terminal spines. Scale bar = 0.02 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF92FF81FF117FB73970FF12" blockId="12.[151,1437,1944,2044]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="548" pageId="12" pageNumber="547">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF92FF80FF117FB73D08F85A" bold="true" box="[199,322,1944,1971]" pageId="12" pageNumber="547">Tasmania.</emphasis>
Brisbane River, Wivenhoe (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF92FF80FDAF7FB63EBBF85A" box="[633,753,1945,1971]" degrees="41.0800" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="547" precision="5" value="-41.08">S41.0800°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF92FF80FD207FB73FCAF85A" box="[758,896,1944,1971]" degrees="145.9200" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="547" precision="5" value="145.92">E145.9200°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF92FF80FC477FB73FB1F85A" box="[913,1019,1944,1971]" pageId="12" pageNumber="547" value="1947-05-05">5-v-1947</date>
. Devonport (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF92FF80FB5C7FB6394BF85A" box="[1162,1281,1945,1971]" degrees="41.1700" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="547" precision="5" value="-41.17">S41.1700°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF92FF80FAD17FB639DAF85D" box="[1287,1424,1945,1972]" degrees="146.3200" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="547" precision="5" value="146.32">E146.3200°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF92FF80FF417F923D45F83E" box="[151,271,1981,2007]" pageId="12" pageNumber="547" value="1933-10-18">18-x-1933</date>
. Great Forester River (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF92FF80FDC37F923EC7F83E" box="[533,653,1981,2007]" degrees="41.2673" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="547" precision="5" value="-41.2673">S41.2673°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF92FF80FD437F933F6AF83E" box="[661,800,1980,2007]" degrees="147.5070" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="547" precision="5" value="147.507">E147.5070°</geoCoordinate>
). Launceston (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF92FF80FC137F923877F83E" box="[965,1085,1981,2007]" degrees="41.4400" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="547" precision="5" value="-41.44">S41.4400°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF92FF80FB937F923885F83E" box="[1093,1231,1981,2007]" degrees="147.1200" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="547" precision="5" value="147.12">E147.1200°</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF92FF80FB347F923C96F812" pageId="12" pageNumber="547">Apr. Launceston Gorge</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF92FF80FF3B7FCF3D2FF812" box="[237,357,2016,2043]" degrees="41.4510" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="547" precision="5" value="-41.451">S41.4510°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF92FF80FEB87FCE3DBDF812" box="[366,503,2017,2043]" degrees="147.1144" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="547" precision="5" value="147.1144">E147.1144°</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF92FF80FDDD7FCE3F5BF812" box="[523,785,2017,2043]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="547">
<date id="720BB889FF92FF80FDDD7FCE3EC1F812" box="[523,651,2017,2043]" pageId="12" pageNumber="547" value="1946-04-23">23-iv-1946</date>
,
<date id="720BB889FF92FF80FD4E7FCE3F5BF812" box="[664,785,2017,2043]" pageId="12" pageNumber="547" value="1972-12-08">8-xii-1972</date>
</collectingDate>
.
<location id="036AC892FF92FF80FCC87FCE3F80F812" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF92FF80FCC87FCE3F80F812" box="[798,970,2017,2043]" latitude="-41.4947" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="146.8172" name="Meander River" pageId="12" pageNumber="547">Meander River</location>
,
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF92FF80FC017FCE383FF812" box="[983,1141,2017,2043]" pageId="12" pageNumber="547">Birralee Road</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF92FF80FB507FCE38B4F812" box="[1158,1278,2017,2043]" degrees="41.4947" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="547" precision="5" value="-41.4947">S41.4947°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF92FF80FAD17FCE39DBF815" box="[1287,1425,2017,2044]" degrees="146.8172" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="547" precision="5" value="146.8172">E146.8172°</geoCoordinate>
).
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF93FF81FF4178B63D66FF5A" box="[151,300,153,179]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">Ben Lomond</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF93FF81FEE078B63DCCFF5A" box="[310,390,153,179]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">S Perth</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF93FF81FE4278B73E46FF5A" box="[404,524,152,179]" degrees="41.5600" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" precision="5" value="-41.56">S41.5600°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF93FF81FDC778B73ED1FF5A" box="[529,667,152,179]" degrees="147.5200" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" precision="5" value="147.52">E147.5200°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF93FF81FD7B78B63F6CFF5A" box="[685,806,153,179]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" value="1972-12-08">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF93FF81FD7B78B63F6CFF5A" box="[685,806,153,179]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" value="1972-12-08">8-xii-1972</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<location id="036AC892FF93FF81FCE678B63FD2FF5A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF93FF81FCE678B63FD2FF5A" box="[816,920,153,179]" county="Royal George" latitude="-41.8248" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="147.9757" municipality="St. Pauls River" name="Evendale" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">Evendale</location>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF93FF81FC7078B73857FF5A" box="[934,1053,152,179]" degrees="41.5700" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" precision="5" value="-41.57">S41.5700°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF93FF81FBF578B638E7FF5A" box="[1059,1197,153,179]" degrees="147.2400" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" precision="5" value="147.24">E147.2400°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="720BB889FF93FF81FB6878B6397BFF5A" box="[1214,1329,153,179]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" value="1964-03-01">
<collectingDate id="624F4161FF93FF81FB6878B6397BFF5A" box="[1214,1329,153,179]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" value="1964-03-01">1-iii-1964</collectingDate>
</date>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="E66E0433FF93FF81FAED78B63C9DFF3E" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">St. Pauls River</collectingMunicipality>
, upstream of
<collectingCounty id="EF6BE6C5FF93FF81FEAF78923E53FF3E" box="[377,537,189,215]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">Royal George</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF93FF81FDFD78923EE9FF3E" box="[555,675,189,215]" degrees="41.8248" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" precision="5" value="-41.8248">S41.8248°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF93FF81FD7B78933F7DFF3E" box="[685,823,188,215]" degrees="147.9757" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" precision="5" value="147.9757">E147.9757°</geoCoordinate>
).
<collectingCountry id="7EA2DED9FF93FF81FC9B78923FD2FF3E" box="[845,920,189,215]" name="Jordan" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">Jordan</collectingCountry>
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF93FF81FC7478923FA8FF3E" box="[930,994,189,215]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">River</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF93FF81FC2778923838FF3E" box="[1009,1138,189,215]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">Mauriceton</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF93FF81FB53789338B6FF3E" box="[1157,1276,188,215]" degrees="42.5273" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" precision="5" value="-42.5273">S42.5273°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF93FF81FAD1789239DBFF3E" box="[1287,1425,189,215]" degrees="147.1244" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" precision="5" value="147.1244">E147.1244°</geoCoordinate>
).
<location id="036AC892FF93FF81FF4178CE3D6BFF12" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E1C2F5FFF9CFF9EFF41799C3F64F9BA:036AC892FF93FF81FF4178CE3D6BFF12" box="[151,289,225,251]" country="Jordan" latitude="-42.5623" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="146.8267" name="Clyde River" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">Clyde River</location>
, below
<collectorName id="AB40FB9FFF93FF81FEAE78CE3DA8FF12" box="[376,482,225,251]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">Hamilton</collectorName>
(
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF93FF81FE2678CF3E22FF12" box="[496,616,224,251]" degrees="42.5623" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" precision="5" value="-42.5623">S42.5623°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF93FF81FDB878CE3EB3FF15" box="[622,761,225,252]" degrees="146.8267" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" precision="5" value="146.8267">E146.8267°</geoCoordinate>
). Muntain Riv., Ranelagh (
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF93FF81FBF378CE38D7FF12" box="[1061,1181,225,251]" degrees="42.9378" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" precision="5" value="-42.9378">S42.9378°</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="6381F88EFF93FF81FB7578CE3964FF12" box="[1187,1326,225,251]" degrees="147.1348" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" precision="5" value="147.1348">E147.1348°</geoCoordinate>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF93FF81FF11792A3E5BFDD6" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">
In general,
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FE90792A3D81FEF6" box="[326,459,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FE90792A3D81FEF6" box="[326,459,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distribution (
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF93FF81FDB4792A3EFEFEF6" box="[610,692,261,287]" captionStart="FIGURE 42" captionStartId="17.[151,250,2006,2031]" captionTargetBox="[175,1419,913,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,913,1986]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 42. Map of Australia showing distribution of Austrosimulium bancrofti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557548" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557548/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
) is markedly similar to that of other Australian Gondwanan Simu-liidae—eastern and western, absent from the arid center, some present in
<collectingRegion id="C47150ABFF93FF81FC007906380FFEAA" box="[982,1093,297,323]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
. Similar to those taxa, the WA form of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FF2E79623DCAFE8E" box="[248,384,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FF2E79623DCAFE8E" box="[248,384,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is likely a separate sister species, as well maybe that in
<collectingRegion id="C47150ABFF93FF81FBC5796238C8FE8E" box="[1043,1154,333,359]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
; this latter alluded to by
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF93FF81FF41795E3D22FE62" author="Dumbleton &amp; L. I" box="[151,360,369,395]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" pagination="480 - 584" refId="ref13776" refString="Dumbleton. L. I. (1973) The genus Austrosimulium Tonnoir (Diptera: Simuliidae) with particular reference to the New Zealand fauna. New Zealand Journal of Science, 15, 480 - 584 (1972). Available from: http: // www. bugz. org. nz / (accessed 4 October 2019)" type="journal article" year="1973">Dumbleton (1973)</bibRefCitation>
for Tasmanian
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FDCC795E3E80FE62" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1925" box="[538,714,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FDCC795E3E80FE62" box="[538,714,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">Austrosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. These situations warrant further investigation. Of possible interest with regard to eastern
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FE3179BA3E21FE46" box="[487,619,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FE3179BA3E21FE46" box="[487,619,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a species complex, is the apparent gap in distribution north of the ACT and the northern edge of NSW. For
<collectingRegion id="C47150ABFF93FF81FDFF79963EDDFE3A" box="[553,663,441,467]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
, the distribution of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FCA579963FB2FE3A" box="[883,1016,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FCA579963FB2FE3A" box="[883,1016,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to follow Tyler’s Line (
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF93FF81FAB779963D53FE1E" author="Shiel, R. J. &amp; Koste, W. &amp; Tan, I. W." pageId="13" pageNumber="548" pagination="239 - 245" refId="ref15157" refString="Shiel, R. J., Koste, W. &amp; Tan, I. W. (1989) Tasmania revisited: rotifer communities and habitat heterogeneity. Hydrobiologia, 186 / 187, 239 - 245. Available from: https: // link. springer. com / article / 10.1007 / BF 00048919 (accessed 29 September 2019)" type="journal article" year="1989">
Shiel
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FF4179F13C83FE1E" box="[151,201,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">et al</emphasis>
., 1989
</bibRefCitation>
; discussed by
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF93FF81FE6D79F23ECBFE1E" author="Craig, D. A. &amp; Currie, D. &amp; Gil-Azevedo, L. H. &amp; Moulton, J. K." box="[443,641,477,503]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref13261" refString="Craig, D. A., Currie, D. C, Gil-Azevedo, L. H. &amp; Moulton, J. K. (2019) Austrocnephia, new genus, for five species of ' Paracnephia' (Diptera: Simuliidae), with a key to Australian black fly genera. Zootaxa, 4627 (1), 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4627.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
Craig
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FDD679F13E73FE1E" box="[512,569,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019
</bibRefCitation>
) where there is a sharp diagonal cutoff to the west, reminescent of that for
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FF177A2E384DFDF2" authority="(Mackerras and Mackerras) (Craig et al., 2019)" authorityName="Craig et al." authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Mackerras and Mackerras" box="[193,1031,513,540]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrocnephia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FF177A2E3D92FDF2" box="[193,472,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">Austrocnephia orientalis</emphasis>
(Mackerras and Mackerras) (
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF93FF81FCFB7A2E3FB5FDF2" author="Craig, D. A. &amp; Currie, D. &amp; Gil-Azevedo, L. H. &amp; Moulton, J. K." box="[813,1023,513,539]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref13261" refString="Craig, D. A., Currie, D. C, Gil-Azevedo, L. H. &amp; Moulton, J. K. (2019) Austrocnephia, new genus, for five species of ' Paracnephia' (Diptera: Simuliidae), with a key to Australian black fly genera. Zootaxa, 4627 (1), 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4627.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">
Craig
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FCA17A2D3FE0FDF2" box="[887,938,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">et al</emphasis>
., 2019
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. These distributions may represent, however, an artifact of collection.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4EAFCDC2FF93FF9EFF117A663F64F9BA" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="553" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF93FF81FF117A663969FD1A" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FF117A663D71FD8A" bold="true" box="[199,315,585,611]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">Remarks.</emphasis>
Given the dates, a
<collectingRegion id="C47150ABFF93FF81FDCF7A663EA8FD8A" box="[537,738,585,611]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
specimen of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FCAB7A66384EFD8A" box="[893,1028,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FCAB7A66384EFD8A" box="[893,1028,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the ANIC, reared by Drummond and labeled as follows [From pupa/ serpintine(sic)/
<date id="720BB889FF93FF81FD377A423F7FFD61" box="[737,821,621,648]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" value="20-04-16">16.4.20</date>
/ coll. F.H.D.] [Type {M}/
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FB8A7A423951FD61" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1925" box="[1116,1307,621,648]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Austrosimulium</taxonomicName>
/ bancrofti] [Serpintine(sic)/
<date id="720BB889FF93FF81FE857ABE3DECFD42" box="[339,422,657,683]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" value="20-10-04">10.4.20</date>
/ coll. F.H.D.] [
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FD9B7ABE3EF4FD42" authorityName="Craig" authorityYear="2019" box="[589,702,657,683]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simulium</taxonomicName>
/ bancrofti {M}/ Drawn) Tay/
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF93FF81FBDA7ABF38E9FD42" box="[1036,1187,656,683]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" type="allotype">ALLOTYPE</typeStatus>
], is considered to have no status as a Type. This peculiar usage of ‘type’ raises the question as to why the specimen accepted generally as the
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF93FF81FF167AF63D6FFD1A" box="[192,293,729,755]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, has the word “
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF93FF81FE067AF63E7DFD1A" box="[464,567,729,755]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" type="allotype">Allotype</typeStatus>
” on the label when all the specimens that Taylor had were female?
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF93FF81FF117AD23DC1FC22" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF93FF81FF117AD23DD7FCFE" author="Drummond, F. H. N." box="[199,413,765,791]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref13720" refString="Drummond, F. H. N. (1931) I. - West Australian Simuliidae. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 18, 1 - 12. Available from: https: // www. cabdirect. org / cabdirect / abstract / 19351000159 (accessed 4 October 2019)" type="journal article" year="1931">Drummond (1931)</bibRefCitation>
when describing the pupa remarked on the “ringed” nature of gill filaments adjacent to their insertion on the gill stem. Close inspection (
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF93FF81FD0F7B0E3F67FCD5" box="[729,813,801,828]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1938,1963]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,166,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[199,1389,166,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 24–29. Austrosimulium bancrofti pupa. (24) Dorsal view of pupae &amp; cocoons (NSW). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (25) Gill (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (26) Gill filament bases (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (27) Head capsule, male (NSW). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (28) Head capsule, female (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (29) Thoracic cuticle (ACT). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557537/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
) indicates it is actually concertinaed and of unknown function—perhaps flexibility? As far as known, such a character state is unique within
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FBBD7B6A38A2FCB6" box="[1131,1256,837,863]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Simuliidae</taxonomicName>
. An expectation here, is that it would occur in the ‘sister’ species of the
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FCC57B463F33FC6A" box="[787,889,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FCC57B463F33FC6A" box="[787,889,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group, namely
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FB517B463943FC6A" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" box="[1159,1289,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FB517B463943FC6A" box="[1159,1289,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">A. pestilens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FA947B463C8DFC4E" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1955" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnum">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FA947B463C8DFC4E" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">A. magnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—indeed, distinctly in the latter, less so in the former (DAC, pers. obs.). This character is possibly definitive for the species-group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF93FF81FF117BFB39CBFADA" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FF117BFB3D09FC06" bold="true" box="[199,323,980,1007]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">Bionomics</emphasis>
. Because of serious biting by female adults of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FC807BFA3F96FC06" box="[854,988,981,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FC807BFA3F96FC06" box="[854,988,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the species has been well investigated.
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF93FF81FF417BD63D0FFBFA" author="Tonnoir, A. L." box="[151,325,1016,1043]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" pagination="213 - 255" refId="ref15461" refString="Tonnoir, A. L. (1925) Australasian Simuliidae. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 15, 213 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300046198" type="journal article" year="1925">Tonnoir (1925)</bibRefCitation>
, oddly, made no comment, but
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF93FF81FD787BD6381AFBFA" author="Mackerras, M. J. &amp; Mackerras, I. M." box="[686,1104,1016,1043]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" pagination="231 - 270" refId="ref14355" refString="Mackerras, M. J. &amp; Mackerras, I. M. (1948) Simuliidae (Diptera) from Queensland. Australian Journal of Scientific Research, Series B, Biological Sciences, 1, 231 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / BI 9480231" type="journal article" year="1948">Mackerras &amp; Mackerras (1948: 258)</bibRefCitation>
gave considerable details. In short, at the Eidsvold
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF93FF81FE597C323DF5FBDE" box="[399,447,1053,1079]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">type</typeStatus>
locality, few adults were netted even though a large population of immatures was present, that suggested to them rapid dispersal; albeit this might have been a timing issue. Immature stages were found in moderately clear, swift water (velocity
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF93FF81FDA47C4A3EFCFB96" box="[626,694,1125,1151]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" unit="m" value="1.2">1.2 m</quantity>
/s), attached to clean substrates, either stones or larger vegetation. Larvae formed clumps with pupae in crevices out of the full force of water. The larvae could occur to a depth of
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF93FF81FA567CA63CF3FB2E" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" unit="cm" value="38.0">38 cm</quantity>
and were commonly associated with
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FDB37C823EADFB2E" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" box="[613,743,1197,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FDB37C823EADFB2E" box="[613,743,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">A. pestilens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FCF67C823955FB2E" authority="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras. Pupae" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras. Pupae" authorityYear="1948" box="[800,1311,1197,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicholsoni">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FCF67C823FF8FB2E" box="[800,946,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">S. nicholsoni</emphasis>
Mackerras &amp; Mackerras. Pupae
</taxonomicName>
took some three days to develop before the adults emerged.
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF93FF81FD1E7CFE3823FB05" author="Mackerras, I. M. &amp; Mackerras, M. J." box="[712,1129,1233,1260]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" pagination="372 - 405" refId="ref14407" refString="Mackerras, I. M. &amp; Mackerras, M. J. (1949) Revisional notes on Australian Simuliidae (Diptera). Proceeding of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 1948, 73, 372 - 405. Available from: http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 35069387 # page / 454 / mode / 1 up (accessed 4 October 2019)" type="journal article" year="1949">Mackerras &amp; Mackerras (1949: 396)</bibRefCitation>
noted that
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FB3C7CFE393AFB02" box="[1258,1392,1233,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FB3C7CFE393AFB02" box="[1258,1392,1233,1259]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurred after the peak emergence of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FDF17CDA3EE3FAE6" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" box="[551,681,1269,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FDF17CDA3EE3FAE6" box="[551,681,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">A. pestilens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; both associated with prior flooding. A drought-resistant stage was suggested.
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF93FF81FEC27D363EE7FADA" author="Mackerras, I. M. &amp; Mackerras, M. J." box="[276,685,1304,1331]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" pagination="104 - 113" refId="ref14480" refString="Mackerras, I. M. &amp; Mackerras, M. J. (1952) Notes on Australasian Simuliidae (Diptera). III. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 77, 104 - 113. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 108648 # page / 166 / mode / 1 up (accessed 4 October 2019)" type="journal article" year="1952">Mackerras &amp; Mackerras (1952: 110)</bibRefCitation>
recorded that
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FC987D363F99FADA" box="[846,979,1305,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FC987D363F99FADA" box="[846,979,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females bit humans, dogs and rabbits.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF93FF81FF117D123D74F89A" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2015]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">
Colbo (1974) made extensive investigation into the biology of
<collectingRegion id="C47150ABFF93FF81FC4C7D123854FABE" box="[922,1054,1341,1367]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">Queensland</collectingRegion>
simuliids, including climatic and geographic aspects. While eggs of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FDC97D4E3EEAFA92" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" box="[543,672,1377,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FDC97D4E3EEAFA92" box="[543,672,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">A. pestilens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had been discovered in vast numbers in substrate deposits, oviposition behaviour for
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FEB07DAA3DA1FA76" box="[358,491,1413,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FEB07DAA3D3DFA76" box="[358,375,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">A</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FE537DAA3DA1FA76" box="[389,491,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not known. Determination of number of larval instars indicated that
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FACE7DAA39D7FA76" box="[1304,1437,1413,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FACE7DAA39D7FA76" box="[1304,1437,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had seven larval instars, of which the first instar possessed distinct labral fans—similarly known for other
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FAE17D863CA1FA0E" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FAE17D863CA1FA0E" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">Austrosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FEE57DE13D1EFA0E" box="[307,340,1486,1511]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">e.g</emphasis>
.,
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF93FF81FEBC7DE23E4EFA0E" author="Crosby, T. K." box="[362,516,1485,1511]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" refId="ref13339" refString="Crosby, T. K. (1974) Studies on Simuliidae (Diptera) with particular reference to Austrosimulium tillyardianum. Ph. D. thesis, Canterbury University, 253 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1974.9517810" type="book" year="1974">Crosby, 1974</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF93FF81FDC77DE23E97FA0E" author="Craig, D. A. &amp; Craig, R. E. G. &amp; Crosby, T. K." box="[529,733,1485,1511]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" pagination="1 - 336" refId="ref13125" refString="Craig, D. A., Craig, R. E. G. &amp; Crosby, T. K. (2012) Simuliidae. Fauna of New Zealand, 68, 1 - 336. Available from: https: // biotaxa. org / fnz / article / view / 1840 / 311 6 (accessed 4 October 2019)" type="journal article" year="2012">
Craig
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FD817DE13EC0FA0E" box="[599,650,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">et al</emphasis>
., 2012
</bibRefCitation>
). Early instar larvae drifted into faster water, which suggested oviposition might be upstream of such areas (
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF93FF81FD437DDE3F82F9E2" author="Colbo, M. H. &amp; Moorhouse, D. E." box="[661,968,1521,1547]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" pagination="63 - 79" refId="ref13010" refString="Colbo, M. H. &amp; Moorhouse, D. E. (1979) The ecology of pre-imaginal Simuliidae (Diptera) in South-East Queensland. Hydrobiologia, 63, 63 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00021018" type="journal article" year="1979">Colbo &amp; Moorhouse, 1979</bibRefCitation>
). Velocities in larval habitats ranged from
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF93FF81FF417E3A3D6FF9C6" box="[151,293,1557,1583]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" unit="m" value="1.25" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.2">1.2 to 1.3 m</quantity>
/sec., in close agreement with
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF93FF81FDA87E3A3FA3F9C6" author="Mackerras, M. J. &amp; Mackerras, I. M." box="[638,1001,1557,1583]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" pagination="231 - 270" refId="ref14355" refString="Mackerras, M. J. &amp; Mackerras, I. M. (1948) Simuliidae (Diptera) from Queensland. Australian Journal of Scientific Research, Series B, Biological Sciences, 1, 231 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / BI 9480231" type="journal article" year="1948">Mackerras &amp; Mackerras (1948)</bibRefCitation>
. The larval period ranged from 18–25 days under the conditions of Colbo’s observation. Of note, similar to Mackerras &amp; Mackerras (
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FB077E163955F9BA" box="[1233,1311,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">loc. cit</emphasis>
.), was that
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FF417E723D57F99E" box="[151,285,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FF417E723D57F99E" box="[151,285,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae tended to clump together, even attaching to one another—given the high velocity of the water, a now well-known ploy to produce skimming flow and ameliorate drag (
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FC1C7EAD3FA6F972" box="[970,1004,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">e.g</emphasis>
.,
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF93FF81FBD77EAE38A7F972" author="Moulton, J. K. &amp; Currie, D. C. &amp; Craig, D. A." box="[1025,1261,1665,1691]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref14776" refString="Moulton, J. K., Currie, D. C. &amp; Craig, D. A. (2018) A New Genus, Ectemnoides, for seven species of Australian Gondwanan Simuliidae (Diptera) with description of a novel form of larval attachment. Insect Systematics and Diversity, 2 (4), 4, 1 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixy 009" type="journal article" year="2018">
Moulton
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FBBF7EAD38D1F972" box="[1129,1179,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">et al</emphasis>
., 2018
</bibRefCitation>
). This phenomenon is probably similar for
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FE0B7E8A3E2EF956" box="[477,612,1701,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FE0B7E8A3E2EF956" box="[477,612,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pupae, that formed groups numbering 8–85, all which were at the same stage of development. With regard to the sequence of species associated with flooding,
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FBB87EE638A5F90A" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" box="[1134,1263,1737,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FBB87EE638A5F90A" box="[1134,1263,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">A. pestilens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurred when discharge was high and water muddy, with
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FDAE7EC23EB7F8EE" box="[632,765,1773,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FDAE7EC23EB7F8EE" box="[632,765,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
later at more moderate flows and clearer water;
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FAC17EC239D6F8EE" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1890" box="[1303,1436,1773,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatipes">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FAC17EC239D6F8EE" box="[1303,1436,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">S. ornatipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurred when flow was at base levels. Maximum breeding period was from June to September, less so during October–December when water flow was low and substrates covered with algae. Water temperatures of 20–28°C were recorded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF93FF83FF117F523DBDFE8E" blockId="13.[151,1437,152,2015]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,153,791]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="550" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">
Colbo (1974: 189) recorded parasites from larvae of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FCC97F523FEFF87E" box="[799,933,1917,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FCC97F523FEFF87E" box="[799,933,1917,1943]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These appeared to the
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FB627F523914F87E" box="[1204,1374,1917,1943]" class="Blastocladiomycetes" kingdom="Fungi" order="Blastocladiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chytridiomycota" rank="order">Blastocladiales</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FAB07F523D50F852" authorityName="P.Debaisieux" authorityYear="1919" class="Blastocladiomycetes" genus="Coelomycidium" kingdom="Fungi" order="Blastocladiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Chytridiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FAB07F523D50F852" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">Coelomycidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(?)
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FE947F8E3DB0F855" authority="(Debais)" baseAuthorityName="Debais" box="[322,506,1953,1980]" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Smittium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="simulii">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FE947F8E3DC4F852" box="[322,398,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">simulii</emphasis>
(Debais)
</taxonomicName>
. The description is similar to that given by
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF93FF81FC387F8E3888F852" author="Craig, D. A. &amp; Craig, R. E. G. &amp; Crosby, T. K." box="[1006,1218,1953,1979]" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" pagination="1 - 336" refId="ref13125" refString="Craig, D. A., Craig, R. E. G. &amp; Crosby, T. K. (2012) Simuliidae. Fauna of New Zealand, 68, 1 - 336. Available from: https: // biotaxa. org / fnz / article / view / 1840 / 311 6 (accessed 4 October 2019)" type="journal article" year="2012">
Craig
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FBE27F8D382DF852" box="[1076,1127,1953,1979]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">et al</emphasis>
. (2012)
</bibRefCitation>
for examples from larvae of
<collectingCountry id="7EA2DED9FF93FF81FEDB7FEA3DE3F836" box="[269,425,1989,2015]" name="New Zealand" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF81FE617FEA3E2DF836" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1925" box="[439,615,1989,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FE617FEA3E2DF836" box="[439,615,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">Austrosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Colbo also recorded the microsporidians
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF93FF83FBB17FEA3CFBFF5A" authority="Henneguy and Pl" authorityName="Henneguy and Pl" class="Microsporea" family="Thelohaniidae" genus="Thelohania" kingdom="Protozoa" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="550" order="Meiodihaplophasida" pageId="13" pageNumber="548" phylum="Microsporidia" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF93FF81FBB17FEA38ADF836" box="[1127,1255,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="548">Thelohania</emphasis>
Henneguy and
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FF4178B63CFBFF5A" box="[151,177,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">Pl</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FF6778B63D70FF5A" box="[177,314,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">(e)istophora</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FE9A78B53D21FF5A" box="[332,363,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">sic</emphasis>
) Gurley. Also noted were unidentified mermithids in adults, albeit at markedly low levels and other nematodes, although apparently not of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FD4778923F53FF3E" authorityName="Diesing" authorityYear="1841" box="[657,793,189,215]" class="Chromadorea" family="Onchocercidae" genus="Onchocerca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirurida" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FD4778923F53FF3E" box="[657,793,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">Onchocerca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. No nematodes were recovered from
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FB1278923903FF3E" box="[1220,1353,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FB1278923903FF3E" box="[1220,1353,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae, although such were moderately common in associated species, so Colbo (
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FC1B78CE3853FF12" box="[973,1049,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">loc. cit</emphasis>
.: 321) concluded that even though a nematode was known from
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FE3A792A3E39FEF6" box="[492,627,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FE3A792A3E39FEF6" box="[492,627,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, transmission or any disease significance remained unlikely.
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF91FF83FAE6792A3D32FEAD" author="Hunter, D. M. &amp; Moorhouse, D. E." pageId="15" pageNumber="550" pagination="549 - 553" refId="ref14050" refString="Hunter, D. M. &amp; Moorhouse, D. E. (1976 a) Sexual mosaics and parasitism in Austrosimulium bancrofti (Tayl.) (Diptera, Simuliidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 65, 549 - 553. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300006222" type="journal article" year="1976">Hunter &amp; Moorhouse (1976a)</bibRefCitation>
described a gynandromorph and intersexes of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FC4E7906386AFEAA" box="[920,1056,297,323]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FC4E7906386AFEAA" box="[920,1056,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females that were infected with, again, unidentified mermithids.
</paragraph>
<caption id="52CACEC1FF90FF82FF417FA13E4AF807" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557542" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3557542" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557542/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="549" startId="14.[151,264,1934,1959]" targetBox="[151,1436,239,1886]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF90FF82FF417FA13E4AF807" blockId="14.[151,1437,1934,2031]" pageId="14" pageNumber="549">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF90FF82FF417FA13D05F84E" bold="true" box="[151,335,1934,1959]" pageId="14" pageNumber="549">FIGURES 32–36</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF90FF82FE887FA03E2BF84E" box="[350,609,1935,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="549" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF90FF82FE887FA03E2BF84E" box="[350,609,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="549">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
last instar larvae. (32) Habitus (NSW). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (33) Head (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (34) Antenna (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (35) Postgenal cleft (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (36) Hypostoma (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF91FF83FF11795E3964FE46" blockId="15.[151,1437,153,791]" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF91FF83FF11795E3DDBFE65" author="Tang, J. &amp; Pruess, K. &amp; Cupp, E. W. &amp; Unnasch, T. R." box="[199,401,369,396]" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" pagination="228 - 234" refId="ref15275" refString="Tang, J., Pruess, K., Cupp, E. W. &amp; Unnasch, T. R. (1996) Molecular phylogeny and typing of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) that serve as vectors of human or bovine Onchocerciasis. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 10, 228 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2915.1996. tb 00735. x" type="journal article" year="1996">
Tang
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FED0795D3D72FE62" box="[262,312,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">et al</emphasis>
. (1996)
</bibRefCitation>
in a phylogenetic analysis of simuliid vectors of human and bovine onchocerciasis, used
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FA52795E3CB7FE46" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FA52795E3CB7FE46" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the out-group taxon. They state that no Australian simuliids transmit the causative organism.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF91FF83FF1179963DEEFCFE" blockId="15.[151,1437,153,791]" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">
Armaments, such as teeth on the cibaria of biting flies, are generally considered as a first line defense against filarial pathogens.
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF91FF83FEBD79F23E0CFE1E" author="Colbo, M. H. &amp; Moorhouse, D. E." box="[363,582,477,503]" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" pagination="63 - 79" refId="ref13010" refString="Colbo, M. H. &amp; Moorhouse, D. E. (1979) The ecology of pre-imaginal Simuliidae (Diptera) in South-East Queensland. Hydrobiologia, 63, 63 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00021018" type="journal article" year="1979">
Colbo
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FE6E79F13DA0FE1E" box="[440,490,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">et al</emphasis>
. (1979)
</bibRefCitation>
, examined cibaria of a suite of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FC7879F2386DFE1E" box="[942,1063,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Simuliidae</taxonomicName>
female adults, including
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FA9E79F23C99FDF2" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FA9E79F23C99FDF2" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Of the five species of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FE0F7A2E3EC3FDF2" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1925" box="[473,649,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FE0F7A2E3EC3FDF2" box="[473,649,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">Austrosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
dealt with, all were similar with only fine spine combs on the cibarial cornua at the junction with the pharynx.
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF91FF83FD897A0A3EACFDD6" author="Reid, G. D. F." box="[607,742,549,575]" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" pagination="295 - 301" refId="ref15042" refString="Reid, G. D. F. (1994) Structure and function of the cibarial armature in Simuliidae. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 8, 295 - 301. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2915.1994. tb 00512. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Reid (1994)</bibRefCitation>
also examined the cibaria of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FBE47A0A38FDFDD6" box="[1074,1207,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FBE47A0A38FDFDD6" box="[1074,1207,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other simuliids. In agreement with Colbo
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FE6B7A653DBAFD8A" box="[445,496,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">et al</emphasis>
. (
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FDDF7A663E14FD8A" box="[521,606,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">loc. cit.</emphasis>
) the cibarium of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FCF17A663FE4FD8A" box="[807,942,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FCF17A663FE4FD8A" box="[807,942,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks teeth, albeit possess ‘small spicules’, classified as ‘
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF91FF83FEFB7A423D20FD6E" box="[301,362,621,647]" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">Type</typeStatus>
2 cibarial armature’. These are not visible in
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF91FF83FCA27A423FFDFD6E" box="[884,951,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURES 6–10" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1936,1961]" captionTargetBox="[204,1383,166,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[204,1383,166,1916]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 6–10. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (6) Cibarium (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (7) Basitarsus (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (8) Wing (WA). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (9) Claw. (ANIC). Scale bar = 0.02 mm. (10) Abdomen showing tergites I–VII (WA). Slide mounted. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557527/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
here. Reid (
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FB907A4238D0FD6E" box="[1094,1178,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">loc. cit.</emphasis>
) lists
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FB377A423922FD6E" box="[1249,1384,621,647]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FB377A423922FD6E" box="[1249,1384,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a non-vector of filarial pathogens, not at variance to Colbo’s (1974) conclusions, or later,
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF91FF83FBBE7ABE394DFD45" author="Tang, J. &amp; Pruess, K. &amp; Cupp, E. W. &amp; Unnasch, T. R." box="[1128,1287,657,684]" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" pagination="228 - 234" refId="ref15275" refString="Tang, J., Pruess, K., Cupp, E. W. &amp; Unnasch, T. R. (1996) Molecular phylogeny and typing of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) that serve as vectors of human or bovine Onchocerciasis. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 10, 228 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2915.1996. tb 00735. x" type="journal article" year="1996">Tang’s (1996)</bibRefCitation>
. On the other hand, earlier work by
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF91FF83FE597A9A3E06FD26" author="Lee, D. J. &amp; Dyce, A. L. &amp; O'Grower, A. K." box="[399,588,692,719]" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" pagination="355 - 401" refId="ref14167" refString="Lee, D. J., Dyce, A. L. &amp; O'Grower, A. K. (1957) Blood-sucking flies (Diptera) and myxomatosis transmission in a mountain environment in New South Wales. Australian Journal of Zoology, 5, 355 - 401. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / ZO 9570355" type="journal article" year="1957">
Lee
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FE167A993DB2FD26" box="[448,504,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">et al.</emphasis>
(1957)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF91FF83FD8E7A9A3F05FD26" author="Lee, D. J. &amp; Reye, E. J. &amp; Dyce, A. L." box="[600,847,693,719]" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" pagination="364 - 376" refId="ref14229" refString="Lee, D. J., Reye, E. J. &amp; Dyce, A. L. (1962) &quot; Sandflies &quot; as possible vectors of disease in domesticated animals in Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 87, 364 - 376. Available from: https: // www. cabdirect. org / cabdirect / abstract / 1964100031 8 (accessed 4 October 2019)" type="journal article" year="1962">
Lee
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FD5F7A993E88FD26" box="[649,706,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">et al.</emphasis>
(1962: 374)
</bibRefCitation>
, plus Fenner &amp; Radcliffe (1965: 198) suggested that
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FF417AF63D54FD1A" box="[151,286,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FF417AF63D54FD1A" box="[151,286,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females are probably involved in transmission of livestock diseases including the causative virus of myxomatosis in rabbits.
</paragraph>
<caption id="52CACEC1FF91FF83FF417D423D8DFA40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557544" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3557544" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557544/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" startId="15.[151,264,1389,1414]" targetBox="[151,1436,805,1369]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF91FF83FF417D423D8DFA40" blockId="15.[151,1436,1389,1450]" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FF417D423D1EFA6F" bold="true" box="[151,340,1389,1414]" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">FIGURES 37, 38.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FE8C7D423E16FA6C" box="[346,604,1389,1413]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FE8C7D423E16FA6C" box="[346,604,1389,1413]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
last instar larvae. (37) Mandible (NSW). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (38) Mandible apex (NSW). Scale bar = 0.02 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF91FF83FF117DF738A6F9FF" blockId="15.[151,1437,1496,2026]" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">
Lichtward &amp; Williams (1990) recorded the trichomycetes
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FC9D7DF738A0FA1B" authority="Leger &amp; Duboscq" authorityName="Leger &amp; Duboscq" box="[843,1258,1496,1522]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Harpella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melusina">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FC9D7DF73851FA1B" box="[843,1051,1496,1522]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">Harpella melusina</emphasis>
Leger &amp; Duboscq
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FB227DF73D63F9FF" authority="Lichtward" authorityName="Lichtward" class="Kickxellomycetes" family="Legeriomycetaceae" genus="Smittium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" order="Harpellales" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Zygomycota" rank="species" species="simulii">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FB227DF73CE4F9FF" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">Smittium simulii</emphasis>
Lichtward
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FE897DD33E59F9FF" authorityName="L. Leger &amp; Duboscq" authorityYear="1929" box="[351,531,1532,1558]" class="Ichthyosporea" family="Amoebidiaceae" genus="Paramoebidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Amoebidiales" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Choanozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FE897DD33E59F9FF" box="[351,531,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">Paramoebidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. from larvae of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FD207DD33F36F9FF" box="[758,892,1532,1558]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FD207DD33F36F9FF" box="[758,892,1532,1558]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from widely disparate localities.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF91FF83FF117E0F3FDDF8FB" blockId="15.[151,1437,1496,2026]" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">
Sex ratio from a large sample of reared pupae was 46.4% males and 53.6% females (Colbo, 1974: 240). The major peak of adult emergence was 18:00 hrs (
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF91FF83FD737E6B3F79F9B7" author="Colbo, M. H." box="[677,819,1604,1630]" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" pagination="514 - 515" refId="ref12903" refString="Colbo, M. H. (1977) Diurnal emergence patterns for two species of Simuliidae (Diptera) near Brisbane, Australia. Journal of Medical Entomology, 13, 514 - 515. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 13.4 - 5.514" type="journal article" year="1977">Colbo, 1977</bibRefCitation>
) and fly activity appeared to be related to temperature, females not being very active below 14°C. Oviposition behaviour of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FC4D7E47386AF96B" box="[923,1056,1640,1666]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FC4D7E47386AF96B" box="[923,1056,1640,1666]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is still unknown, albeit that for
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FA527E473CB3F94F" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FA527E473CB3F94F" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">A. pestilens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is well established (Moorhouse &amp; Colbo, 1973;
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF91FF83FCC47EA33FEDF94F" author="Hunter, D. M." box="[786,935,1676,1702]" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" pagination="1 - 6" refId="ref13991" refString="Hunter, D. M. (1979) Swarming, mating and resting behaviour of three species of black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 18, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1979. tb 00800. x" type="journal article" year="1979">Hunter, 1979</bibRefCitation>
), the latter females deposit eggs on the water. A general assumption is that
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FE377E9F3E2DF923" box="[481,615,1712,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FE377E9F3E2DF923" box="[481,615,1712,1738]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females do the same. Females of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FC3F7E9F3805F923" box="[1001,1103,1712,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FC3F7E9F3805F923" box="[1001,1103,1712,1738]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appear to be non-autogenous (requiring a blood meal for egg production). Average number of eggs recovered from gravid truck-trapped females was 123 (range 52–198)—considerably lower than for other species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF91FF9CFF117F333CA3FEF6" blockId="15.[151,1437,1496,2026]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,153,683]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="551" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF91FF83FF117F333E50F8DE" author="Hunter, D. M. &amp; Moorhouse, D. E." box="[199,538,1820,1847]" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" pagination="435 - 467" refId="ref14106" refString="Hunter, D. M. &amp; Moorhouse, D. E. (1976 b) Comparative bionomics of adult Austrosimulium pestilens Mackerras &amp; Mackerras and A. bancrofti (Taylor) (Diptera. Simuliidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 66, 435 - 467. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300006866" type="journal article" year="1976">Hunter &amp; Moorhouse (1976b)</bibRefCitation>
in a major comparison of bionomics of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FC097F33382BF8DF" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" box="[991,1121,1820,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FC097F33382BF8DF" box="[991,1121,1820,1846]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">A. pestilens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FB4F7F33396FF8DF" box="[1177,1317,1820,1846]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FB4F7F33396BF8DF" box="[1177,1313,1820,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">A. bancrofti</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
noted that
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF91FF83FF417F6F3D57F8B3" box="[151,285,1856,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="550" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF91FF83FF417F6F3D57F8B3" box="[151,285,1856,1882]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="550">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae inhabited more permanent waterways and the adults dispersed soon after emergence, the latter observation in agreement with those earlier. Females congregated on hill tops some distance from the breeding site, presumably where mating took place. As noted by others, trapping of adults was influenced by temperature, as well as wind, light intensity and rain. Few adults were collected below 15°C, with no reduction in numbers at temperatures up to 30°C. Oddly, during that particular study, females did not bite any of the animals tested as hosts. Mermithid-infected females were also recovered.
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8EFF9CFD1A78B63F27FF5A" author="Hunter D. M." box="[716,877,153,179]" pageId="16" pageNumber="551" pagination="229 - 232" refId="ref13953" refString="Hunter D. M. (1977) Sugar-feeding in some Queensland black flies. Journal of Medical Entomology, 14, 229 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jmedent / 14.2.229" type="journal article" year="1977">Hunter (1977)</bibRefCitation>
investigated sugar feeding and survival of adults of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8EFF9CFF6078923D71FF3E" box="[182,315,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8EFF9CFF6078923D71FF3E" box="[182,315,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="551">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8EFF9CFE9F78923D81FF3E" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" box="[329,459,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8EFF9CFE9F78923D81FF3E" box="[329,459,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="551">A. pestilens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8EFF9CFDD478923E97FF3E" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1890" box="[514,733,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatipes">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8EFF9CFDD478923E97FF3E" box="[514,733,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="551">Simulium ornatipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—the former survived longer than the latter two. Considerably more information on immatures of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8EFF9CFDF678CE3EEEFF12" box="[544,676,225,251]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8EFF9CFDF678CE3EEEFF12" box="[544,676,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="551">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and associated simuliids can be garnered from
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8EFF9CFB6378CE3CAFFEF6" author="Colbo, M. H. &amp; Moorhouse, D. E." pageId="16" pageNumber="551" pagination="63 - 79" refId="ref13010" refString="Colbo, M. H. &amp; Moorhouse, D. E. (1979) The ecology of pre-imaginal Simuliidae (Diptera) in South-East Queensland. Hydrobiologia, 63, 63 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00021018" type="journal article" year="1979">Colbo &amp; Moorhouse (1979)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF8EFF9CFF1179073DC1FE1E" blockId="16.[151,1437,153,683]" pageId="16" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8EFF9CFF1179073D38FEAA" bold="true" box="[199,370,296,323]" pageId="16" pageNumber="551">Other aspects.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8EFF9CFEAF79063E01FEAA" author="Drummond, F. H. N." box="[377,587,297,323]" pageId="16" pageNumber="551" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref13720" refString="Drummond, F. H. N. (1931) I. - West Australian Simuliidae. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 18, 1 - 12. Available from: https: // www. cabdirect. org / cabdirect / abstract / 19351000159 (accessed 4 October 2019)" type="journal article" year="1931">Drummond (1931)</bibRefCitation>
when describing the pupa remarked on the “ringed” nature of gill filaments adjacent to their insertion on the gill stem. Close inspection (
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF8EFF9CFC8279623FE2FE81" box="[852,936,333,360]" captionStart="FIGURES 24–29" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1938,1963]" captionTargetBox="[199,1389,166,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[199,1389,166,1918]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 24–29. Austrosimulium bancrofti pupa. (24) Dorsal view of pupae &amp; cocoons (NSW). Scale bar = 1.0 mm. (25) Gill (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (26) Gill filament bases (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (27) Head capsule, male (NSW). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (28) Head capsule, female (NSW). Scale bar = 0.2 mm. (29) Thoracic cuticle (ACT). Scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557537" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557537/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="551">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
) indicates it is actually concertinaed and of unknown function—perhaps flexibility? As far as known, such a character state is unique within
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8EFF9CFB24795E3925FE62" box="[1266,1391,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Simuliidae</taxonomicName>
. An expectation here, is that it would occur in the ‘sister’ species of the
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8EFF9CFC5679BA3FACFE46" box="[896,998,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8EFF9CFC5679BA3FACFE46" box="[896,998,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="551">bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group, namely
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8EFF9CFB3B79BA3924FE46" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" box="[1261,1390,405,431]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8EFF9CFB3B79BA3924FE46" box="[1261,1390,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="551">A. pestilens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8EFF9CFF4179963D5CFE3A" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,278,441,467]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnum">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8EFF9CFF4179963D5CFE3A" box="[151,278,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="551">A. magnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—indeed, well in the latter, less so in the former (DAC, pers. obs.). This character is possibly definitive for the species-group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF8EFF9CFF117A2E38D8FD42" blockId="16.[151,1437,153,683]" pageId="16" pageNumber="551">
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8EFF9CFF117A2E3DCFFDF5" author="Lee, D. J. &amp; Reye, E. J. &amp; Dyce, A. L." box="[199,389,513,540]" pageId="16" pageNumber="551" pagination="364 - 376" refId="ref14229" refString="Lee, D. J., Reye, E. J. &amp; Dyce, A. L. (1962) &quot; Sandflies &quot; as possible vectors of disease in domesticated animals in Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 87, 364 - 376. Available from: https: // www. cabdirect. org / cabdirect / abstract / 1964100031 8 (accessed 4 October 2019)" type="journal article" year="1962">
Lee
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8EFF9CFF2F7A2D3D66FDF2" box="[249,300,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="551">et al</emphasis>
. (1962)
</bibRefCitation>
investigating the possibility of biting flies in
<collectingCountry id="7EA2DED9FF8EFF9CFC5D7A2E3FB8FDF2" box="[907,1010,513,539]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="551">Australia</collectingCountry>
as vectors of disease in domesticated animals, obtained definitive precipitin tests for humans, horses and rabbits from field-caught blood-fed
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8EFF9CFAC77A0A39D7FDD6" box="[1297,1437,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="551">
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8EFF9CFAC77A0A39D3FDD6" box="[1297,1433,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">A. bancrofti</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
In summation (their Table 3), they list
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8EFF9CFD967A663E8EFD8A" box="[576,708,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8EFF9CFD967A663E8EFD8A" box="[576,708,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="551">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as occurring in all States except
<collectingRegion id="C47150ABFF8EFF9CFBF87A663891FD8A" box="[1070,1243,585,611]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="551">South Australia</collectingRegion>
and the Northern Territories and known, overall, to attack humans, horses, dogs, rabbits, kangaroos, wombats and eagles. As noted previously, they considered the species to be second in importance to
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8EFF9CFC727ABE386FFD42" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" box="[932,1061,657,683]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8EFF9CFC727ABE386FFD42" box="[932,1061,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="551">A. pestilens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a pest.
</paragraph>
<caption id="52CACEC1FF8EFF9CFF417F89390DF80B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557546" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3557546" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557546/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="551" startId="16.[151,264,1958,1983]" targetBox="[151,1436,700,1938]" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF8EFF9CFF417F89390DF80B" blockId="16.[151,1437,1958,2019]" pageId="16" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8EFF9CFF417F893D1EF856" bold="true" box="[151,340,1958,1983]" pageId="16" pageNumber="551">FIGURES 39–41.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8EFF9CFE8C7F893E16F857" box="[346,604,1958,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="551" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8EFF9CFE8C7F893E16F857" box="[346,604,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="551">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
last instar larvae. (39) Maxilla (NSW). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (40) Thorax (NSW). Scale bar = 0.5 mm. (41 Anal sclerite &amp; circlet of hooks (NSW). Arrow indicates ‘interarm strut’. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF8FFF9DFF1178B6381BFDD6" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,899]" pageId="17" pageNumber="552">
The work by William J. Ballard and associates on
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8FFF9DFCCF78B63FE8FF5A" box="[793,930,153,179]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8FFF9DFCCF78B63FE8FF5A" box="[793,930,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="552">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considerable. Ballard (1988) described a method for sexing mature last larvae of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8FFF9DFD9878923E98FF3E" box="[590,722,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8FFF9DFD9878923E98FF3E" box="[590,722,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="552">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, using the shape of stained gonads.
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8FFF9DFB8A78923924FF3E" author="Ballard, J. W. O. &amp; Barnes, A." box="[1116,1390,189,215]" pageId="17" pageNumber="552" pagination="371 - 378" refId="ref12310" refString="Ballard, J. W. O. &amp; Barnes, A. (1988) Factors influencing silhouette trap captures of the blackfly Austrosimulium bancrofti in Queensland, Australia. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2, 371 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2915.1988. tb 00210. x" type="journal article" year="1988">Ballard &amp; Barnes (1988)</bibRefCitation>
in a preliminary examination of trap shape in regard to attraction for simuliid females, reasoned that a simulated shape of a host might reveal host preferences. Indeed,
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8FFF9DFD5B792A3F5BFEF6" box="[653,785,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8FFF9DFD5B792A3F5BFEF6" box="[653,785,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="552">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females from Ipswich were attracted more to an elongated trap simulating a bovine host. The differences in behaviour between two populations (Ipswich and Taylors Arm) led to the suggestion that
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8FFF9DFE4779623E5DFE8E" box="[401,535,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8FFF9DFE4779623E5DFE8E" box="[401,535,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="552">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a species complex.
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8FFF9DFCF879623F99FE8E" author="Ballard, J. W. O." box="[814,979,333,359]" pageId="17" pageNumber="552" pagination="421 - 428" refId="ref12089" refString="Ballard, J. W. O. (1989) Factors influencing silhouette-trap captures of the blackfly Austrosimulium bancrofti (Taylor) (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Australian Capital Territory. Bulletin of Entomological Researc h, 79, 421 - 428. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300018423" type="journal article" year="1989">Ballard (1989)</bibRefCitation>
further investigated the effect of silhouette shape of traps on capture of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8FFF9DFDD1795E3EC7FE62" box="[519,653,369,395]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8FFF9DFDD1795E3EC7FE62" box="[519,653,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="552">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adults. In general, higher numbers were captured under conditions of low wind speed and high cloud cover, with temperature and solar radiation also important, respectively 19°C and 620 watts/m
<superScript id="F1C03301FF8FFF9DFEF779973D63FE2F" attach="left" box="[289,297,440,454]" fontSize="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="552">2</superScript>
optimal, in agreement with earlier observation.
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8FFF9DFC9479963817FE3A" author="Ballard, J. W. O. &amp; Morton, K. J." box="[834,1117,441,467]" pageId="17" pageNumber="552" pagination="579 - 584" refId="ref12483" refString="Ballard, J. W. O. &amp; Morton, K. J. (1990) Differences in the trap-finding behaviour of two populations of Austrosimulium bancrofti (Taylor) (Diptera: Simuliidae) in eastern Australia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68, 579 - 584. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 90 - 082" type="journal article" year="1990">Ballard &amp; Morton (1990)</bibRefCitation>
examined the different trapfinding behaviour of two populations of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8FFF9DFDB679F23EACFE1E" box="[608,742,477,503]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8FFF9DFDB679F23EACFE1E" box="[608,742,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="552">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<collectingRegion id="C47150ABFF8FFF9DFCDC79F23FD8FE1E" box="[778,914,477,503]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="17" pageNumber="552">Queensland</collectingRegion>
. They found considerable differences between the two populations. Bovines were found to be the most attractive bait, with humans, bandicoots and chickens not attractive; the latter three non-attractive baits at major variance to other observations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF8FFF9DFF117A663D00FC6A" blockId="17.[151,1437,153,899]" pageId="17" pageNumber="552">
Of significance,
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8FFF9DFE557A663EC2FD8A" author="Ballard, J. W. O. &amp; Bedo, D. G." box="[387,648,585,611]" pageId="17" pageNumber="552" pagination="338 - 353" refId="ref12371" refString="Ballard, J. W. O. &amp; Bedo, D. G. (1991) Population cytogenetics of Austrosimulium bancrofti (Diptera: Simuliidae) in eastern Australia. Genome, 34, 338 - 353. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / g 91 - 056" type="journal article" year="1991">Ballard &amp; Bedo (1991)</bibRefCitation>
cytologically examined larvae of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8FFF9DFBDC7A663962FD8A" box="[1034,1320,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8FFF9DFBDC7A663962FD8A" box="[1034,1320,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="552">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from four sites in eastern
<collectingCountry id="7EA2DED9FF8FFF9DFE957A423DE7FD6E" box="[323,429,621,647]" name="Australia" pageId="17" pageNumber="552">Australia</collectingCountry>
. Eight cytoforms were recorded. Two cytoforms (A, B) were from Ipswich, another from Willawarin, plus one from Canberra and four (A, B, C, D) from Eidsvold, the
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF8FFF9DFBC27ABE380EFD42" box="[1044,1092,657,683]" pageId="17" pageNumber="552">type</typeStatus>
region. Some cytoforms were collected in sympatry, others not. The data suggested that
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8FFF9DFCF07A9A3FE6FD26" box="[806,940,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8FFF9DFCF07A9A3FE6FD26" box="[806,940,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="552">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a complex of at least eight cryptic species. This agreed with variation in behaviour of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8FFF9DFD7F7AF63F67FD1A" box="[681,813,729,755]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8FFF9DFD7F7AF63F67FD1A" box="[681,813,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="552">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adult females and larvae from near Ipswich, Willawarin and Canberra, previously known (
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8FFF9DFDCE7AD23EE5FCFE" author="Ballard, J. W. O." box="[536,687,765,791]" pageId="17" pageNumber="552" pagination="421 - 428" refId="ref12089" refString="Ballard, J. W. O. (1989) Factors influencing silhouette-trap captures of the blackfly Austrosimulium bancrofti (Taylor) (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Australian Capital Territory. Bulletin of Entomological Researc h, 79, 421 - 428. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300018423" type="journal article" year="1989">Ballard 1989</bibRefCitation>
; Ballard 1990;
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8FFF9DFC897AD23831FCFE" author="Ballard, J. W. O. &amp; Barnes, A." box="[863,1147,765,791]" pageId="17" pageNumber="552" pagination="371 - 378" refId="ref12310" refString="Ballard, J. W. O. &amp; Barnes, A. (1988) Factors influencing silhouette trap captures of the blackfly Austrosimulium bancrofti in Queensland, Australia. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2, 371 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2915.1988. tb 00210. x" type="journal article" year="1988">Ballard and Barnes 1988</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8FFF9DFB5E7AD239DDFCFE" author="Ballard, J. W. O. &amp; Morton, K. J." box="[1160,1431,765,791]" pageId="17" pageNumber="552" pagination="579 - 584" refId="ref12483" refString="Ballard, J. W. O. &amp; Morton, K. J. (1990) Differences in the trap-finding behaviour of two populations of Austrosimulium bancrofti (Taylor) (Diptera: Simuliidae) in eastern Australia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68, 579 - 584. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 90 - 082" type="journal article" year="1990">Ballard &amp; Morton 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8FFF9DFF417B0E3DDCFCD2" author="Ballard, J. W. O. &amp; Bedo, D. G." box="[151,406,801,827]" pageId="17" pageNumber="552" pagination="338 - 353" refId="ref12371" refString="Ballard, J. W. O. &amp; Bedo, D. G. (1991) Population cytogenetics of Austrosimulium bancrofti (Diptera: Simuliidae) in eastern Australia. Genome, 34, 338 - 353. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / g 91 - 056" type="journal article" year="1991">Ballard &amp; Bedo, 1991</bibRefCitation>
), supporting the hypothesis that such populations of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8FFF9DFC267B0E383DFCD2" box="[1008,1143,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8FFF9DFC267B0E383DFCD2" box="[1008,1143,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="552">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were distinct sibling species. Ballard
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8FFF9DFEF97B693D28FCB6" box="[303,354,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="552">et al</emphasis>
. (1992) used the above data as part of an examination of relationship between arthropods and onychophorans.
</paragraph>
<caption id="52CACEC1FF8FFF9DFF417FF93F99F807" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557548" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3557548" box="[151,979,2006,2031]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557548/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="552" startId="17.[151,250,2006,2031]" targetBox="[175,1419,913,1955]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF8FFF9DFF417FF93F99F807" blockId="17.[151,979,2006,2031]" box="[151,979,2006,2031]" pageId="17" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8FFF9DFF417FF93D6AF806" bold="true" box="[151,288,2006,2031]" pageId="17" pageNumber="552">FIGURE 42.</emphasis>
Map of Australia showing distribution of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8FFF9DFD1D7FF93F87F807" box="[715,973,2006,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="552" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8FFF9DFD1D7FF93F87F807" box="[715,973,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="552">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF8CFF9EFF1178B63D62FF15" blockId="18.[151,1437,153,1619]" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8CFF9EFF1178B63D1FFF5D" author="Bedo, D. G." box="[199,341,153,180]" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" pagination="387 - 396" refId="ref12686" refString="Bedo, D. G. (1976) Polytene chromosomes in pupal and adult black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Chromosoma, 57, 387 - 396. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00332162" type="journal article" year="1976">Bedo (1976)</bibRefCitation>
successfully prepared chromosomes from pupae and adults of a number of Australian simuliids, with those of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8CFF9EFEF978923DF9FF3E" box="[303,435,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFEF978923DF9FF3E" box="[303,435,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showing extensive asynapsis (
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFCDC78913F66FF3E" box="[778,812,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">i.e.</emphasis>
failure of the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF8CFF9EFF11792A3E79FE1E" blockId="18.[151,1437,153,1619]" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">
Ballard (1991) and Ballard
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFE2079293E6FFEF6" box="[502,549,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">et al</emphasis>
. (1991) investigated colonization of artificial substrate by larvae of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8CFF9EFAC4792A39DCFEF6" box="[1298,1430,261,287]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFAC4792A39DCFEF6" box="[1298,1430,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Larvae colonizing Perspex (aka Plexiglas) strips in the Brisbane River were collected during the Austral summer (January) and spring (October). Larvae of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8CFF9EFDA979623F4DFE8E" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1890" box="[639,775,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatipes">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFDA979623F4DFE8E" box="[639,775,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">S. ornatipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8CFF9EFC9779623F8CFE8E" box="[833,966,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicolsoni">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFC9779623F8CFE8E" box="[833,966,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">S. nicolsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were taken in conjunction. For the latter study the majority of larvae were of the Ipswich cytoform. Determination of larval instars showed that there were six or seven instars in January and October respectively. Texture of the substrate was significant, with higher colonization on the rougher. Preferred velocity was high, 1.0–
<quantity id="C14D33ACFF8CFF9EFD2379963F7DFE3A" box="[757,823,441,467]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" unit="m" value="1.4">1.4 m</quantity>
/s, in agreement with the earlier work by
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8CFF9EFADE79963D15FE1E" author="Mackerras, M. J. &amp; Mackerras, I. M." pageId="18" pageNumber="553" pagination="231 - 270" refId="ref14355" refString="Mackerras, M. J. &amp; Mackerras, I. M. (1948) Simuliidae (Diptera) from Queensland. Australian Journal of Scientific Research, Series B, Biological Sciences, 1, 231 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / BI 9480231" type="journal article" year="1948">Mackerras &amp; Mackerras (1948)</bibRefCitation>
and Colbo (1974).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF8CFF9EFF117A2E3E21FD6E" blockId="18.[151,1437,153,1619]" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8CFF9EFF117A2E3D9EFDF2" author="Ballard, J. W. O. &amp; Elder, R. I." box="[199,468,513,539]" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" pagination="263 - 270" refId="ref12424" refString="Ballard, J. W. O. &amp; Elder, R. I. (1992) Monitoring blackfly (Diptera: Simuliidae) pests. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 31, 263 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1992. tb 00504. x" type="journal article" year="1992">Ballard &amp; Elder (1992)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8CFF9EFDC27A2E3F55FDF2" author="Elder, R. J. &amp; Ballard, J. W. O." box="[532,799,513,539]" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" pagination="11 - 19" refId="ref13838" refString="Elder, R. J. &amp; Ballard, J. W. O. (1993) Blackflies and the Rockhampton floods. Bulletin of the Mosquito Control Association of Australia, 5, 11 - 19." type="journal article" year="1993">Elder &amp; Ballard (1993)</bibRefCitation>
used a major outbreak of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8CFF9EFB867A2E389EFDF2" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" box="[1104,1236,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFB867A2E389EFDF2" box="[1104,1236,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">A. pestilens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8CFF9EFAD87A2E39DCFDF2" box="[1294,1430,513,539]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFAD87A2E39DCFDF2" box="[1294,1430,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, following flooding of the Fitzroy River, Rockhampton, QLD in 1991, to investigate trapping methods to quantify such outbreaks. They used two trap
<typeStatus id="D90E20EBFF8CFF9EFDF17A663E28FD8A" box="[551,610,585,611]" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">types</typeStatus>
with CO
<superScript id="F1C03301FF8CFF9EFD1E7A673E9AFDBF" attach="left" box="[712,720,584,598]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">2</superScript>
plus a human-baited station, and used the biting rates to suggest thresholds for initiating control measures.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF8CFF9EFF117ABE388DFC22" blockId="18.[151,1437,153,1619]" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8CFF9EFF117ABE3D27FD42" author="Ballard, J. W. O." box="[199,365,657,683]" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" pagination="131 - 135" refId="ref12247" refString="Ballard, J. W. O. (1994) Evidence from l 2 S ribosomal RNA sequences resolves a morphological conundrum in Austrosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 33, 131 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1994. tb 00938. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Ballard (1994)</bibRefCitation>
used 12S ribosomal RNA to investigate the problem of the variable antennae of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8CFF9EFAC37ABE39D7FD42" box="[1301,1437,657,683]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFAC37ABE39D7FD42" box="[1301,1437,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
females, in relation to those of
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8CFF9EFE2D7A9A3E37FD26" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" box="[507,637,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFE2D7A9A3E37FD26" box="[507,637,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">A. pestilens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Material available possessed variable numbers of flagellomeres, with some having the apical unit partially divided. Those with eight distinct flagellomeres were all shown to be definitively
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8CFF9EFF087AD23D15FCFE" authorityName="Mackerras &amp; Mackerras" authorityYear="1948" box="[222,351,765,791]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pestilens">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFF087AD23D15FCFE" box="[222,351,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">A. pestilens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Those with a variable number of five to seven flagellomeres and an incompletely divided apical flagellomere, were
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFEA07B0E3E4CFCD2" box="[374,518,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8CFF9EFEA07B0E3E48FCD2" box="[374,514,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">A. bancrofti</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Analysis indicated that
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8CFF9EFCC97B0E3FEDFCD2" box="[799,935,801,827]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFCC97B0E3FEDFCD2" box="[799,935,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Rockhampton, Canberra and Ipswich were monophyletic (cytoform A). Further, a suggestion was made that there may well be an undescribed cytoform (Rockhampton) beyond the previously noted eight, recognized earlier by
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8CFF9EFC3F7B4638B0FC6A" author="Ballard, J. W. O. &amp; Bedo, D. G." box="[1001,1274,873,899]" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" pagination="338 - 353" refId="ref12371" refString="Ballard, J. W. O. &amp; Bedo, D. G. (1991) Population cytogenetics of Austrosimulium bancrofti (Diptera: Simuliidae) in eastern Australia. Genome, 34, 338 - 353. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / g 91 - 056" type="journal article" year="1991">Ballard &amp; Bedo (1991)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8CFF9EFAD17B463CA8FC4E" author="Otsuka, Y. &amp; Aoki, C. &amp; Choochote, W. &amp; Llagas, L &amp; Takaoka, H." pageId="18" pageNumber="553" pagination="329 - 333" refId="ref14854" refString="Otsuka, Y., Aoki, C., Choochote, W., de las Llagas, L &amp; Takaoka, H. (2007) Phylogenetic analysis of three subgenera: Asiosimulium, Daviesellum and Wallacellum, of the genus Simulium s. l. endemic in the Oriental Region. Medical Entomology and Zoology, 58, 329 - 333. https: // doi. org / 10.7601 / mez. 58.329" type="journal article" year="2007">
Otsuka
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFAB77B4539DFFC6A" box="[1377,1429,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">et al</emphasis>
. (2007)
</bibRefCitation>
used 16S rRNA for a phylogeny of Oriental
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8CFF9EFD067BA23F70FC4E" authority="Craig, 2019" authorityName="Craig" authorityYear="2019" box="[720,826,909,935]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFD067BA23F70FC4E" box="[720,826,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2FF2FF20FF8CFF9EFC967BA23F15FC4E" box="[832,863,909,935]" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFC967BA23F10FC4E" box="[832,858,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">s.l</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, with
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8CFF9EFC737BA23863FC4E" box="[933,1065,909,935]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFC737BA23863FC4E" box="[933,1065,909,935]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as one of the out-group. Moulton (2000, 2003), similarly used
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8CFF9EFE0D7B9E3E2AFC22" box="[475,608,945,971]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFE0D7B9E3E2AFC22" box="[475,608,945,971]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in a molecular analysis of simuliid basal relationships.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF8CFF9EFF117BFA3F47FB4A" blockId="18.[151,1437,153,1619]" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">
Indication that
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8CFF9EFEB97BFA3DB9FC06" box="[367,499,981,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFEB97BFA3DB9FC06" box="[367,499,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">A. bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a complex of entities is also signaled by the morphological discrepancies between the eastern Australian forms and that from
<collectingRegion id="C47150ABFF8CFF9EFDA87BD63F00FBFA" box="[638,842,1017,1043]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
. This includes the genital fork (
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFB657BD6388DFBFA" box="[1203,1223,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">cf</emphasis>
.
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF8CFF9EFB017BD63917FBFA" box="[1239,1373,1017,1043]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–13" captionStartId="7.[151,264,823,848]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,804]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,174,804]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11–13. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (11) Genital fork (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (12) Genital fork (ACT). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (13) Spermatheca (VIC). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557529/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">Figs. 11, 12</figureCitation>
) plus anal lobes and cerci of females (
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFDDE7C323E56FBDE" box="[520,540,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">cf</emphasis>
.
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF8CFF9EFDFD7C323EFEFBDE" box="[555,692,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURES 14–17" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1316,1341]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,174,1285]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1434,174,1297]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 14–17. Austrosimulium bancrofti female. (14) Hypogynial valves (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (15) Hypogynial valves (VIC). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (16) Cerci &amp; anal lobe (VIC). Scale bar = 0.05 mm. (17) Cerci &amp; anal lobe (WA). Scale bar = 0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557531" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557531/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">Figs. 16, 17</figureCitation>
), and maxillary palpi of males (
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFBF77C32387FFBDE" box="[1057,1077,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">cf</emphasis>
.
<figureCitation id="9E8E82CCFF8CFF9EFB927C323884FBDE" box="[1092,1230,1053,1079]" captionStart="FIGURES 20–23" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1930,1955]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,697,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1432,697,1910]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 20–23. Austrosimulium bancrofti male. (20) Antenna (NSW). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (21) Maxillary palpus (ACT), showing palpomeres III–V. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (22) Maxillary palpus (NSW). Scale bar = 0.1 mm. (23) Genitalia (NSW). m s—median sclerite; pm—paramere; v p—ventral plate. Scale bar = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3557535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3557535/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">Figs. 21, 22</figureCitation>
). Separate species would not be surprising given the situation of other Gondwanan simuliid genera in
<collectingCountry id="7EA2DED9FF8CFF9EFB8E7C6E38F5FBB2" box="[1112,1215,1089,1115]" name="Australia" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">Australia</collectingCountry>
(
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFB077C6D38B9FBB2" box="[1233,1267,1090,1115]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">e.g</emphasis>
.,
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8CFF9EFADC7C6E3C98FB96" author="Currie, D. C. &amp; Craig, D. A. &amp; Moulton J. K." pageId="18" pageNumber="553" pagination="301 - 334" refId="ref13522" refString="Currie, D. C., Craig, D. A. &amp; Moulton J. K. (2018) A new genus, Protaustrosimulium, for four species of Australian black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Zootaxa, 4521 (3), 301 - 334. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4521.3.1" type="journal article" year="2018">
Currie
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFA8D7C6D39C4FBB2" box="[1371,1422,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">et al</emphasis>
., 2018
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8CFF9EFF367C4A3D85FB96" author="Moulton, J. K. &amp; Currie, D. C. &amp; Craig, D. A." box="[224,463,1125,1151]" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref14776" refString="Moulton, J. K., Currie, D. C. &amp; Craig, D. A. (2018) A New Genus, Ectemnoides, for seven species of Australian Gondwanan Simuliidae (Diptera) with description of a novel form of larval attachment. Insect Systematics and Diversity, 2 (4), 4, 1 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixy 009" type="journal article" year="2018">
Moulton
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFE9F7C493D36FB96" box="[329,380,1125,1151]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">et al</emphasis>
., 2018
</bibRefCitation>
). With, however, the small amount of material available from
<collectingRegion id="C47150ABFF8CFF9EFB437C4A392BFB96" box="[1173,1377,1125,1151]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
, new collections will be needed to resolve this state of affairs.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF8CFF9EFF117C823F9CFAE6" blockId="18.[151,1437,153,1619]" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">
At a higher taxonomic level,
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8CFF9EFDDC7C823F6DFB2E" box="[522,807,1197,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFDDC7C823F6DFB2E" box="[522,807,1197,1223]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was included by
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8CFF9EFC317C8239CAFB2E" author="Gil-Azevedo, L. H. &amp; Maia-Herzog, M." box="[999,1408,1197,1223]" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" pagination="39 - 68" refId="ref13900" refString="Gil-Azevedo, L. H. &amp; Maia-Herzog, M. (2007) Preliminary considerations on phylogeny of Simuliidae genera from Southern Hemisphere (Insecta, Diptera). Zootaxa, 1643 (1), 39 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1643.1.2" type="journal article" year="2007">Gil-Azevedo &amp; Maia-Herzog (2007)</bibRefCitation>
in a phylogenetic analysis of Southern Hemisphere
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8CFF9EFD697CFE3F71FB02" box="[703,827,1233,1259]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Simuliidae</taxonomicName>
, based on morphological characteristics. The relationship between
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8CFF9EFEE77CDA3DABFAE6" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1925" box="[305,481,1269,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFEE77CDA3DABFAE6" box="[305,481,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">Austrosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8CFF9EFDCE7CDA3EA5FAE6" box="[536,751,1269,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Paraustrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFDCE7CDA3EA5FAE6" box="[536,751,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">Paraustrosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was well supported.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF8CFF9EFF117D363E57FA92" blockId="18.[151,1437,153,1619]" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8CFF9EFF117D363DAEFADA" box="[199,484,1305,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFF117D363DAEFADA" box="[199,484,1305,1331]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae were part of a study on the effect of salinity in stream ecosystems (
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8CFF9EFAC97D363D18FABE" author="Rutherford, J. C. &amp; Kefford, B." pageId="18" pageNumber="553" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref15093" refString="Rutherford, J. C. &amp; Kefford, B. J (2005) Effects of salinity on stream ecosystems: improving models for macroinvertebrates. CSIRO Land and Water Technical Report, 22 / 05, 1 - 64. http: // www. clw. csiro. au / publications / technical 2005 / tr 22 - 05. pdf" type="journal article" year="2005">Rutherford &amp; Kefford, 2005</bibRefCitation>
) and similarly, part of a study on effect on aquatic ecosystems in
<collectingRegion id="C47150ABFF8CFF9EFBF57D1238C4FABE" box="[1059,1166,1341,1367]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
of insecticide drift from orchards (
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8CFF9EFED07D4E3E5BFA92" author="Brown, P. &amp; Walker, R." box="[262,529,1377,1403]" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" pagination="1 - 43" refId="ref12728" refString="Brown, P. &amp; Walker, R. (2000) Field data collection for assessment of the environmental risk from Chlorpyrifos used in orchards. Horticultural Research &amp; Development Corporation, Final Report, AP 99040, 1 - 43." type="journal article" year="2000">Brown &amp; Walker, 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="060A9E49FF8CFF9EFF117DAA3F64F9BA" blockId="18.[151,1437,153,1619]" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">
Further work on
<taxonomicName id="C1B5E5CAFF8CFF9EFE537DAA3EE9FA76" box="[389,675,1413,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bancrofti">
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFE537DAA3EE9FA76" box="[389,675,1413,1439]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">Austrosimulium bancrofti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should involve elucidating mating and oviposition behaviour of the adults. An effort also should be made to determine the specific status of
<collectingRegion id="C47150ABFF8CFF9EFC107D8638C4FA2A" box="[966,1166,1449,1475]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="C47150ABFF8CFF9EFB127D863965FA2A" box="[1220,1327,1449,1475]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
forms, to bring a similar level of understanding to that known for other Australian Gondwanan simuliids (
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFB087DE138B5FA0E" box="[1246,1279,1486,1511]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">e.g</emphasis>
.,
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8CFF9EFAC37DE23C98F9E2" author="Craig, D. A. &amp; Moulton, J. K. &amp; Currie, D. C." pageId="18" pageNumber="553" pagination="451 - 492" refId="ref13189" refString="Craig, D. A., Moulton, J. K. &amp; Currie, D. C. (2017) Taxonomic revision of Paraustrosimulium Wygodzinsky &amp; Coscaron: reassignment of Austrosimulium colboi and description of P. obcidens n. sp. from Western Australia. Zootaxa, 4337 (4), 451 - 492. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4337.4.1" type="journal article" year="2017">
Craig
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFA8A7DE139C4FA0E" box="[1372,1422,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">et al</emphasis>
., 2017
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8CFF9EFF087DDE3D53F9E2" author="Craig, D. A. &amp; Currie, D. &amp; Gil-Azevedo, L. H. &amp; Moulton, J. K." box="[222,281,1521,1547]" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref13261" refString="Craig, D. A., Currie, D. C, Gil-Azevedo, L. H. &amp; Moulton, J. K. (2019) Austrocnephia, new genus, for five species of ' Paracnephia' (Diptera: Simuliidae), with a key to Australian black fly genera. Zootaxa, 4627 (1), 1 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4627.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8CFF9EFEF07DDE3DB2F9E2" author="Currie, D. C. &amp; Craig, D. A. &amp; Moulton J. K." box="[294,504,1521,1547]" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" pagination="301 - 334" refId="ref13522" refString="Currie, D. C., Craig, D. A. &amp; Moulton J. K. (2018) A new genus, Protaustrosimulium, for four species of Australian black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Zootaxa, 4521 (3), 301 - 334. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4521.3.1" type="journal article" year="2018">
Currie
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFEA37DDD3DEDF9E2" box="[373,423,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">et al</emphasis>
., 2018
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8CFF9EFDD37DDE3EB8F9E2" author="Moulton, J. K. &amp; Currie, D. C. &amp; Craig, D. A." box="[517,754,1521,1547]" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref14776" refString="Moulton, J. K., Currie, D. C. &amp; Craig, D. A. (2018) A New Genus, Ectemnoides, for seven species of Australian Gondwanan Simuliidae (Diptera) with description of a novel form of larval attachment. Insect Systematics and Diversity, 2 (4), 4, 1 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / isd / ixy 009" type="journal article" year="2018">
Moulton
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFDBB7DDD3ED5F9E2" box="[621,671,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">et al</emphasis>
., 2018
</bibRefCitation>
). As well, distribution and relationships between the various cytoforms and their different biting behaviours (
<emphasis id="34C1425BFF8CFF9EFD137E393EACF9C6" box="[709,742,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="553">e.g</emphasis>
.,
<bibRefCitation id="6224E3B8FF8CFF9EFD297E3A3FBCF9D9" author="Ballard, J. W. O. &amp; Bedo, D. G." box="[767,1014,1557,1584]" pageId="18" pageNumber="553" pagination="338 - 353" refId="ref12371" refString="Ballard, J. W. O. &amp; Bedo, D. G. (1991) Population cytogenetics of Austrosimulium bancrofti (Diptera: Simuliidae) in eastern Australia. Genome, 34, 338 - 353. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / g 91 - 056" type="journal article" year="1991">Ballard &amp; Bedo 1991</bibRefCitation>
)—of considerable practical value in regards to control measures. There is still much to be done.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink